Alphabetical list of blood pressure medications. List of the most effective pills and drugs for high blood pressure of the new generation. Rating of high blood pressure pills with their description

Hypertension often has a hidden course, hiding behind vague symptoms for years. However, the disease all this time constantly attacks target organs and destabilizes the general condition of the body. The detected disease is subject to careful monitoring of specialists, as well as the patient himself. The effectiveness of prescribing long-acting drugs, which are taken according to a long-term regimen, has been proven and allows controlling hypertension and possible complications associated with it.

Prescribing drugs for pressure

The choice of drug therapy depends on the degree of hypertension.

The assessment of the risk group in which the patient falls is based on the examinations carried out and the consideration of the anamnesis. And if tablets for hypertension of the 1st degree can be introduced gradually, after eliminating risk factors, then the tablets for hypertension of the 2nd degree and 3rd degree can become a decisive link in saving health. For patients with such a life-threatening condition, pharmaceutical treatment is prescribed immediately, taking into account comorbidities.

The choice of drug therapy depends on the degree of hypertension

Classification of drugs

Among the large number of drug solutions for arterial hypertension on the market, the following groups are distinguished:

• renin inhibitors.
• Angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
• Diuretics.
• ACE inhibitors.
• Alpha and beta blockers.
• Calcium channel blockers.

Renin inhibitors

A group of such medicines is used to stabilize blood pressure and protect target organs.

The tone of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) depends on the activity of renin. It has been proven that high levels of renin increase the possibility of cardiovascular complications of hypertension. This hormonal system regulates blood pressure and blood volume in the human body. Renin inhibitors block its receptors and suppress the RAAS at the initial point of its activation.

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists

The most modern drugs in the treatment of elevated hypertension. Drugs control the functioning of the RAAS through interaction with angiotensin receptors. The tone of the vascular system depends on their functioning. The active ingredients of these medicines eliminate the cardiovascular effect of angiotensin 2 and its vasoconstrictor effect.

Renin inhibitors are used to stabilize blood pressure

Long-term use of this group of drugs allows for a pronounced antihypertensive and organoprotective effect. The effect develops smoothly, with constant use, the hypotensive effect is established after 2-4 weeks.

Diuretics

The use of diuretics is the traditional approach for lowering blood pressure levels. Diuretics are most often combined with drugs from other groups in complex therapy. Diuretic drugs remove excess fluid from the body, significantly reducing the load on the vessels. Diuretics reduce the reabsorption of sodium ions in the kidneys, increasing the resistance of the vascular endothelium to a number of vasopressors (for example, adrenaline), which also leads to a decrease in blood pressure.

ACE inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)

The drugs included in this variety are the most widely used. Angiotensin-converting accelerator inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are designed to inhibit zinc ions at the point of transformation of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which directly creates excess pressure in the vessels. These substances actually affect the decrease in RAAS activity both in the general blood flow and at the level of organ tissues (kidneys, heart, brain).

ACE inhibitors serve as immediate help in case of a sudden jump in pressure, they quickly lower it to values ​​close to normal. The drugs protect and even restore the functions of the myocardium, blood vessels and kidney cells affected by high blood pressure. The decrease in blood pressure when prescribing ACE inhibitors occurs gradually, pressure stabilization takes a couple of weeks.

ACE inhibitors are the most widely used

A (alpha) and β (beta) blockers

In need of a rapid reduction in blood pressure, the choice is often made in favor of this type of drug. Alpha-adrenergic receptors in the walls of blood vessels stimulate their narrowing under the influence of adrenaline. Blockers of a-receptors help the resistance of cells and provide a wider lumen of the vessels and, as a result, a persistent decrease in blood pressure.

A-blockers serve as a restorative agent after a complication, such as a heart attack. The drug is also able to reduce the content of "bad" cholesterol and process and absorb glucose. β-blockers reduce the number of contractions of the heart muscle, directly affecting the normalization of blood pressure. β-blockers are used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and a number of other diseases.

Drugs of this category can be used separately, and combined with diuretics, calcium antagonists and a-blockers. The intake of drugs in this group must be strictly controlled, as there is a risk of withdrawal syndrome.

Calcium channel blockers

A group of the safest medicines. The drugs prevent the entry of calcium ions into the heart muscle, which reduces its ability to contract. Calcium antagonists reduce the tension of the smooth muscles of the arteries and expand the lumen inside the vessels. The heart rate also decreases. Means of this discharge are life-saving in hypertensive crisis. Calcium antagonists increase renal blood flow, which gives an additional diuretic effect.

Calcium channel blockers are the safest drugs

Advanced drugs for long-term blood pressure control

Pharmaceutics is constantly developing in search of optimal forms of drugs so that, with the maximum availability of the active substance, drugs do not increase the risk of side effects. Additionally, modern antihypertensive tablets for hypertension eliminate the consequences of the development of hypertension and serve as their prevention.

In general practice, tablets for hypertension are prescribed by a doctor, but the patient should independently collect information about the optimal choice of drugs and their main characteristics.

Pills for hypertension of the new generation list:

Losartan is a selective drug from the group of angiotensin II receptor antagonists.

Action:

• reduces the rate of blood pressure;
• decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance;
• decrease in the level of adrenaline in the blood;
• stabilization of blood pressure in the small circle;
• diuretic effect;
• prevention of myocardial hypertrophy.

The drug is chosen in the treatment of hypertension in combination with CHF. After a single dose, the pressure decreases as much as possible after six hours. A stable antihypertensive effect is created after about a month of admission.

Selective drug

Lisinopril is a well-known drug from the list of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Soft preparation for therapy at I and II degrees of essential hypertension.

Action:

• reduces blood pressure indicators;
• protects the heart muscle during left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy;
• contributes to the improvement of kidney function.

The therapeutic goal of administration is achieved in 2-4 weeks.

Renipril GT - the drug is a combined form of an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic. Reduces the appearance of angiotensin II and the secretion of aldosterone, eliminates its vasoconstrictive effect and increases the patency of peripheral arteries.

Action:

• decrease in blood pressure;
• minimization of total peripheral vascular resistance;
• improvement of blood circulation in the small circle;
• reduction of tension in the kidneys.

It is indicated if complex therapy is necessary.

Captopril is a popular drug from the group of ACE inhibitors. Effective for controlling blood pressure in hypertension 1 and 2 degrees. Rapidly lowers blood pressure when needed.

popular drug

Peculiarities:

• Helps prevent heart failure.
• May be used as hypertensive therapy for patients with nephropathy and diabetes.

Arifon-retard (indapamide) is a diuretic suitable for initial and maintenance therapy.

Action:

• increasing the protective function and elasticity of the vascular endothelium;
• preventing platelets from sticking together.

With regular use, the therapeutic effect is noted after two weeks, reaches a maximum after two months. Used alone with good response, or combinations.

Veroshpiron is a potassium-sparing diuretic. The hypotensive effect of the drug lies in the diuretic action; the diuretic effect is manifested for several days of treatment. Keeping the level of potassium necessary for the body, the drug removes sodium ions and water. Used as part of combination therapy.

A new generation of pharmacological agents for hypertensive patients

Practical medicine is gradually moving towards the perception of the body as a whole, where each system and organ is in constant interaction and influence on each other. Therefore, such a disease as hypertension is also considered from the point of view of an integrated approach both in diagnosis and in drug therapy.

Veroshpiron is a potassium-sparing diuretic.

Modern antihypertensive drug not only reduces and stabilizes the level of blood pressure.

The range of its tasks is much wider and from hypertension tablets perform such functions as:

• protection of target organs from the negative effects of high blood pressure;
• support for the elasticity of blood vessels, their ability to contract and relax in response to external and internal stimuli;
• restoration of the heart muscle with left ventricular hypertrophy;
• improving the excretory function of the kidneys;
• increasing the stability of the central nervous system under stress;
• maintaining human performance.

Are there any side effects and contraindications

The choice of pharmaceuticals in the treatment of hypertension is a complex process. In most patients, hypertension is not the only disease, but is reunited with other unpleasant conditions of the body and chronic ailments. All these factors must be taken into account when considering the side effects of drugs. Even pills that are simple in mechanism of action and composition can show side effects if used or dosed incorrectly.

In addition, hypertension is usually treated with a complex approach, when the doctor uses a combination of drugs. And their combination can also have side effects or contraindications.

Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication for all antihypertensive drugs.

An absolute contraindication for all classes of antihypertensive drugs is the period of pregnancy. Some drugs are contraindicated in people over 60 years of age. Other limitations must be considered in relation to a specific therapeutic situation.

Side effects of antihypertensive drugs are not specific, most groups of drugs have such manifestations:

• headache;
• dizziness;
• weakness;
• heart rhythm disturbances;
• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

How to lower blood pressure without medication

Controlling high blood pressure is a long-term challenge. And although modern drugs have been proving their effectiveness and safety for decades, patients often resort to non-pharmacological means of lowering blood pressure.

Lifestyle:

• quitting smoking, alcohol abuse;
• weight loss;
• diet control: reducing the level of salt in food (up to 5 grams per day), avoiding fried and smoked foods, observing the drinking regimen;
• regular moderate physical activity;
• good sleep (at least 7-8 hours);
• reducing stress levels;
• regular monitoring of blood pressure levels with a diary, blood sugar levels (once every three months).

Ethnoscience:

• taking sedative herbal infusions;
• the use of beetroot and celery juice, as well as red viburnum berries, currants, lingonberries, dogwood and pomegranate seeds;
• the use of herbal teas with a diuretic effect;
• taking apple cider or wine vinegar.

Modern nutritional supplements:

• garlic extract;
• watermelon extract;
• vitamin D;
• magnesium;
• coenzyme Q10.

Experimenting with your health with hypertension, sorting through folk remedies for lowering blood pressure, is worth it only with constant monitoring of the level of pressure and general well-being, as well as against the background of constant intake of drugs selected by the doctor. Non-drug remedies are mainly designed to support the body and cannot serve as a full replacement for pills.

More than half of the adult population suffer from hypertension (AH). This number increases sharply after age 60. If in the West 70% of the population – sometimes they control their disease, then in the countries of the post-Soviet space, the picture is inversely proportional, about 60% do not achieve control, someone does not try to do it, others fail.

To show the importance of the problem, to help people choose the right drug, we have prepared useful information with a list of the most effective drugs for high blood pressure, we hope that with their help it will be possible to lower blood pressure on their own.

Main:

1. Diuretics (indapamide and chlorthalidone)
2. ACE inhibitors (act on renin –
3. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
4. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (act on renin – angiotensin-aldosterone system)
5. Beta blockers.

Minor:

1. Alpha blockers.
2. Means of central action.
3. Direct acting vasodilators.
4. Direct renin inhibitors (act on renin – angiotensin-aldosterone system)

They begin treatment with uncomplicated GB (first - second stage of hypertension). The tablets are ideal for patients over 60 years of age, young women, with the exception of those with diabetes or gout.

Low-dose thiazide diuretic implies the use of low daily doses – hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, indapamide, which do not exceed 12.5 mg, 12.5 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively.

With their use, side effects, metabolic disturbances are minimal compared to other groups.

Main advantages: efficiency, availability, low cost.

ACE inhibitor

Uncomplicated and mild hypertension responds better to diuretics. In complicated hypertension (diabetic nephropathy or left ventricular wall thickening with impaired function), there is a need for more rational therapy.

ACE inhibitors reduce peripheral vascular resistance without affecting the activity of the heart and heart rate, reduce the progression of damage to the kidney vessels within three months by about 30%, reduce the mass of the left ventricle in severe cardiac hypertrophy. Read more about ACE inhibitors in our section.

Pros: well tolerated, do not affect the level of uric acid and glucose, recommended for patients with diabetes and gout, affordable. In all international recommendations for the treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) are in the first place.

Flaws. In some patients, they cause a constant dry cough, which forces them to abandon the ACE inhibitor, then you can switch to a similar group - blockers angiotensin II receptors (ARBs). Review of recent ACE inhibitors.

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)

They are suitable for all hypertensive patients, they are the best choice for people with impaired cerebral circulation, with a normal or low pulse.

The decrease in CCB pressure is based on various mechanisms: vasodilation, a decrease in the force of contraction of the heart, a slowing of the heart rate, and a decrease in the production of aldosterone. They serve as a better option than taking high doses of diuretics, but this does not apply to all subtypes of calcium channel blockers. Learn more about calcium channel blockers.

Pros: patients taking CCBs are less likely to have a stroke than those in the beta group – blockers or thiazide diuretics.

Flaws. Tolerability depends on the type of drug used. Patients taking dihydropyridine blockers may develop headache, flushing, or swelling of the extremities (peripheral edema). Non-dihydropyridines (diltiazem, verapamil) lead to slow heart rate, headache, nausea on diltiazem, or constipation (on verapamil). Review of the latest BPC.

Sartan group or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

The mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors and ARBs is the same and at the same time different. Both classes act on the renin system – angiotensin – aldosterone. ACE inhibitors block the formation of angiotensin II and, therefore, remove vasospasm, excess water retention, and sympathetic activation.

Pros: have fewer side effects than ACE inhibitors (cough, angioedema), have a stronger blocking of angiotensin II. Do not affect biochemical parameters – cholesterol, glucose, uric acid levels. They are the best choice for kidney disease . Detailed information about BRA.

Flaws: high price. It is impossible to use ACE inhibitors and other sartans at the same time, this combination is dangerous for the kidneys. Review of the latest sartans.

Beta blockers

In recent years, this group has lost its leading position in the recommendations. They are not as effective in preventing stroke, cardio – vascular events. Learn more about beta blockers.

Pros: they are preferred for people with an increased tone of the sympathetic system (tachycardia, heart failure, trembling, agitation).

Flaws: reduce sexual function, cause fatigue, weight gain, increase blood sugar. Undesirable in heart failure. With an incorrectly chosen dosing regimen, they can cause a slowdown in the heart rate up to fainting. Overview of the latest beta blockers.

Alpha blockers

They can quickly, effectively relax and reduce the tone of the involuntary muscles of blood vessels, thereby lowering blood pressure. There are only 3 drugs in this group: doxazosin, prazosin and terazosin.

Main advantages: strong drugs, quickly reduce pressure. It is indicated for older men with prostatic hyperplasia because it relaxes the smooth muscles surrounding the prostate, making it easier to urinate. They are useful for hypertensive patients with high cholesterol levels. Learn more about alpha blockers.

Flaws: may cause dizziness, especially when standing, increase the risk of heart failure, therefore not suitable for continuous long-term use.

Direct vasodilators

They expand arterioles well, without dilating the venous system. The group is represented by two drugs – hydralazine and minoxidil. Minoxidil is often used for persistent high blood pressure that does not respond to other agents.

Advantages: successfully control hypertension. They are still useful in patients with renal dysfunction, persistent hypertension, in pregnant women with high blood pressure (hydralazine). Hydralazine is also used to treat heart failure along with isosorbide. Learn more about direct vasodilators.

Flaws. It has a fairly short half-life, which requires frequent doses throughout the day. Cause headache, constipation, swelling of the lower leg, palpitations. These effects are usually minimized when a vasodilator is combined with a beta – blocker.

Central sympatholytics

Increased pressure is often accompanied by excitation of the sympathetic nervous system. Medicines in this group block substances that activate it. You can get an idea about this group if you remember the old, "good" – clonidine, which is now rarely used.

Pros: are powerful agents. Can hypertension in pregnancy be treated? – methyldopa). They relieve palpitations, anxiety, improve kidney function, thinking in elderly patients, reduce hot flashes during menopause, and have a sedative effect.

Flaws: cause a sharp drop in blood pressure, especially when standing up, dry mouth, depression, erectile dysfunction. Not recommended for long-term permanent treatment. More about central sympatholytics.

Direct renin inhibitors

Under normal physiological conditions, renin is released in response to a decrease in blood pressure. ACE inhibitors and ARBs interrupt its formation when blood pressure rises, but renin can still be released, then direct renin blockers come to the rescue. Learn more about direct renin inhibitors.

Pros: blocks the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system at the starting point of its activation. Not bad stabilize the pressure throughout the day.

Disadvantages: So far, there is only one Aliskiren (Rasilez) drug on the market at a high price.

Rating of the most effective drugs for high blood pressure with a brief description

There is no "best" hypertension medication that works well for almost everyone. Even each doctor uses his own list of prescribed drugs based on practical experience and purchasing power.

It is important to maintain adherence to therapy. Therefore, the medicine should have a minimum of undesirable consequences, stop the progression of the disease, work quickly and for a long time, be affordable, given that you need to be treated for life, even perfectly matched pills stop working over time.

A fairly wide selection of drugs allows you to choose the ideal therapy regimen on your own or together with your doctor. The main thing is not to lose hope, to continue the search for an effective remedy, not to let the disease take its course.

To1 10 best pills:

1. Indapamide

Indapamide (Arifon-retard)

Belongs to the group of diuretics. In terms of risk – benefit" is the ideal medicine. Minimum harm to the body with a reliable reduction in high blood pressure. It is a pity that doctors rarely prescribe this group, because they seek help belatedly, when hypertension has already managed to change many organs and has acquired a complicated course.

Therefore, indapamide fits perfectly into combination therapy with other antihypertensive agents. Tablets should be drunk in small doses, you should not expect a pronounced diuretic effect, it is taken for another purpose - to stabilize blood pressure, to protect target organs from damage.

pros

• Well stabilizes pressure, treats hypertension.
• Single dose - 2.5 mg before meals
• Can be taken by patients with diabetes, obesity, the elderly
• Can be combined with all groups of antihypertensive drugs.

special instructions

• It is not recommended to take with a low level of potassium, sodium in the blood, with severe insufficiency of the kidneys, liver
• It is used in the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension 1-2 degrees (mild hypertension)

Indapamide is sold under different names (analogues):

• Indapamide №30 (Serbia) – 91 rubles.
• Indopamide No. 30 (Alsi Russia) - 26 rubles.
• Akripamid Akrikhin (Russia)
• Lorvas SR Torrent (India) - 92 rubles.
• Arifon – retard Servier (France) – 365 rub.
• Indapamide – Verte (Russia)
• Acripamide – retard (Russia)
• Indap Promed (Czech Republic) - 2.5 mg No. 30 - 106 rubles.
• Ravel SR (prolonged) KRKA (Slovenia) 1.5 mg №20 – 139 rub.

Belongs to the ACE group. It is the most prescribed drug in the world among all medicines. In second place after him is aspirin. The safety and efficacy of ramipril has been confirmed in numerous studies.

pros

• Good for stabilizing pressure
• Single dose, the first dose is best taken at bedtime. Start with 2.5 mg, then gradually increase to 5-10 mg.
• Widely used in the prevention of stroke, kidney failure, heart failure
• Available in tablets, capsules.
• It is the most studied drug.

special instructions

• Not to be taken by lactating and pregnant women, persons under 18 years of age.
• Possible cough, may lower blood sugar levels
• Tablets are recommended to be taken constantly, even after normalization of blood pressure.
• It is used in the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated hypertension 1-2 degrees.

Analogues:

• Ramipril 5 mg No. 30 Akrikhin (Russia) - from 177 rubles.
• Ramipril 5 mg No. 30 North Star (Russia) - 109 rubles.
• Hartil Egis (Hungary) from 397 to 505 rubles. depending on the dose
• Amprilan KRKA (Slovenia) - 5mg No. 30 - 407 rubles.
• Tritace Sanofi (France), 5 mg No. 28 - 986 rubles.
• Ramilong Lek farm (Belarus)
• Ramkor Ipka (India).

The drug blocks angiotensin II receptors, belongs to the group of sartans. It does not block the enzyme that destroys bradykinin, which reduces the undesirable manifestations of sartans (inflammation of the pancreas).

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreases after the first dose of Losartan, reaching a maximum after 6 hours. The effect persists for a day, but stable pressure stabilization will occur in 3-6 weeks.

pros

• Works fast and long
• A single dose of tablets - 25 mg - 50 mg - 100 mg per day until stable pressure stabilization.
• Good tolerance, minimal side effects
• Can be taken by patients with diabetes, gout, obesity, the elderly.
• Gradually reduces the wall thickness of the left ventricle, reduces cardiac weakness.
• Does not cause sexual dysfunction.

Cautions

• Nevertheless, minor adverse reactions are noted (up to 1%) - headache, dryness and nasal congestion, dizziness, heart rhythm disturbance, weakness.
• Released by prescription
• If it causes dizziness, then driving is limited.
• Tablets are recommended to be taken constantly, even after normalization of blood pressure.
• It is used in the treatment of complicated hypertension 1-2 degrees.

He has more than 50 analogues, produced under one (Losartan) or different names:

• Lozap 100 mg No. 90 Zentiva (Czech Republic) - 606 rubles
• Presartan 50 mg No. 30 - 149 rubles,
• Losartan 50 mg No. 30 Gedeon Richter (Hungary) - from 156 - 204 rubles.
• Kardomin-Sanovel,Turkey
• Lorista, KRKA (Slovenia)
• Blocktran, Pharm standard (Russia)
• Cozaar, Merck (Great Britain) - original (brand) 100 mg No. 14 - 140 rubles.
• Presartan, Ipka (India)
• Lozarel, Sandoz, (Slovenia)
• Agilosartan (India)
• Renicard, (India)
• Losacor Adifarm (Bulgaria)

Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Used alone or with other medicines to treat angina (chest pain) and high blood pressure (hypertension). In terms of popularity, it ranks seventh in the world among all medicines.

• Works for a long time
• A single dose - from 5 mg to 10 mg per day until stable pressure stabilization.
• Good tolerance.
• It is recommended for patients with cerebrovascular accident (MIC), the elderly.
• Patients with heart failure, after a stroke. Relieves angina (pain in the heart)
• Very often combined with other groups of antihypertensive drugs, it cannot be combined with non-dihydroperidine calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem).

special instructions

• Often causes swelling of the legs, headache, gum growth, palpitations, shortness of breath.
• Released by prescription
• Not to be taken by lactating and pregnant women, children under 6 years of age.
• May increase heart rate.
• Tablets are recommended to be taken constantly, even after normalization of blood pressure.

List of analogues:

• Norvasc Pfizer (USA) original drug 10 mg No. 30 - 890 rubles, 5 mg No. 14 - 249 rubles.
• Normodipin, Gedeon Richter (Hungary) - 5 mg No. 10 - 196 rubles.
• Tenox, KRKA (Slovenia)
• Amlotop, Nizhpharm (Russia) 5 mg No. 30 - 80 rubles.
• Vero-Amlodipin, Veropharm (Russia)
• Kalchek, Ipka (India)
• Cardilopin, Egis (Hungary) 5 mg No. 30 - 253 rubles.
• Amlovas, Unique (India)
• Amlodak Kadila (India)
• Stamlo, Doctor Reddis (India) 5 mg No. 14 - 126 rubles.
• Amlorus Synthesis (Russia) 5 mg №10 - 62 rubles.

Recently, a new generation of amlodipine has appeared - levamlodipine or S – amlodipine (Eskordi Kor), it is stronger than amlodipine, it controls pressure better. You will have to pay for 2.5 mg No. 30 – 282 rub.

Modern ACE inhibitor. It has the longest duration of action among ACE inhibitors, thus preventing the morning "splash" of pressure increase.

pros

• Start with 2.5 mg, then gradually increase the dose to 5-10 mg
• Widely used in the prevention of stroke, kidney and heart failure, after myocardial infarction.
• Patients with diabetes, obesity, the elderly can take. Patients with impaired cerebral circulation.
• Does not affect the activity of the heart, does not change the pulse
• It is used in the treatment of complicated grade 1-2 hypertension and severe hypertension in combination with other drugs.

special instructions

• May cause cough, bronchospasm, rarely rash
• Not recommended for narrowing of the renal arteries.
• Not to be taken by lactating and pregnant women and persons under 18 years of age.
• Indicated for all patients with stable coronary artery disease, as it significantly reduces the risk of developing a heart attack (EUROPA study)
• Tablets are recommended to be taken constantly, even after normalization of blood pressure.

• Prestarium Servier (France) 5 mg No. 14 - 154 rubles, 10 mg No. 30 - 583 rubles.
• Perineva - Slovenia, (KRKA) 4 mg No. 30 - 210 rubles, 8 mg No. 90 - 900 rubles.
• Parnavel - (Russia, Ozone) 5 mg No. 30 - 124 rubles.
• Coverex Egis (Hungary)
• Arentopres, Torent (India) 4 mg №10 - 109 rubles.

Moxonidine has been used for over 20 years. The drug acts on the central mechanisms of the development of hypertension, more precisely on the brain structures.

Despite the fact that it does not apply to first-line drugs, it is considered an indispensable tool in the first-aid kit of hypertensive patients for stopping the crisis. Handles high blood pressure quickly. At the same time, it positively affects the level of glucose, lipid profile.

The combination of moxonidine with other antihypertensive agents (ACE inhibitors, sartans, CCBs, and diuretics) may be ideal in the long-term management of severe hypertension.

Do not use moxonidine if your heart rate is low (below 45 – 50 strokes), A-B blockade of the 3rd degree, severe cardiac weakness; you can easily lose consciousness.

pros

• Quickly reduces pressure (within an hour), the effect persists for a long time (24 hours)
• Start with 0.2 mg, then gradually increase the dose to 0.4 mg
• It is widely used in the prevention of stroke, kidney and heart failure, after myocardial infarction.
• Can be taken by patients with diabetes, obesity, cerebrovascular accident, the elderly. It reduces bad fats, in menopause, enhances the breakdown of fats, therefore it is indicated for obese people.
• Unlike clonidine, it does not cause rebound hypertension, there is no sedative effect, especially when prescribed at night.

Special instructions:

• Contraindicated in sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia (pulse below 50 beats), A-B blockade of 2-3 degrees, heart failure of 3 degrees. Cannot be combined with beta blockers.
• May reduce cough from ACE inhibitors
• Not to be taken by lactating and pregnant women, persons under 18 years of age and over 75 years of age.
• Often there is dry mouth, headache, dizziness. Dry mouth can be treated with amlodipine at night
• Tablets are recommended to be taken to stabilize blood pressure during a crisis or in combination with other first-line drugs (diuretic, CCB)

• Moxonidine SZ (Russia) - 0.2 mg No. 14 - 121 rubles, 0.4 mg No. 14 - 202 rubles.
• Physiotens Abbott (France) - 0.2 No. 14 - 211 rubles.
• Moxogamma Verwag Pharma (Germany)
• Moxonitex Sandoz (Slovenia) 0.2 No. 14 - 200 rubles.
• Moxarel Vertex (Russia) 0.2 No. 14 - 107 rubles, 0.4 No. 30 - 426 rubles.
• Tenzotran Actavis (Iceland) - 0.2 No. 14 - 138 rubles.

This angiotensin II receptor blocker is a leader in prescriptions from physicians around the world. If you were forced to give up ACE inhibitors because of a cough, then you should pay attention to valsartan - an excellent modern representative of this group.

pros

• Works efficiently and for a long time
• Single dose - 160 mg per day. After 2 hours, the medicine begins to act. Monotherapy for mild to moderate hypertension is 320 mg daily, better than 160 mg daily.
• Good tolerance, minimal side effects. Increasing doses does not increase side effects.
• Can be taken by patients with diabetes, gout, obesity, the elderly
• Gradually reduces the wall thickness of the left ventricle, reduces cardiac weakness
• Can be combined with other groups of antihypertensive drugs, except for ACE inhibitors and sartans.
• Positive effect on sexual function. Improves the cognitive abilities of the elderly.

Cautions

• Minor adverse reactions are noted (up to 1%) - upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis.
• Released by prescription
• Not to be taken by lactating and pregnant women, children under 6 years of age.
• Tablets are recommended to be taken constantly, even after normalization of blood pressure.
• It is used in the treatment of complicated grade 1-2 hypertension and in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, especially diuretics.

• Valsartan Vertex (Russia) - 160 mg No. 30 -316 rubles.
• Valz, Actavis (Iceland)
• Valsakor KRKA, (Slovenia) - 80 mg No. 28 - 383 rubles, 160 mg No. 90 - 850 rubles.
• Diovan, Novartis (Switzerland) - 160 mg No. 28 - 2383 rubles.
• Nortivan, Gedeon Richter (Poland)
• Valsafors, Pharmaplant (Germany)
• Tontordio, Torrent (India)
• Artinova Ranbaksi (India)
• Sartavel Ozon (Russia)
• Valaar (Russia).

Cardioselective beta – blocker. It comes in two forms: metoprolol tartrate and succinate. Of interest is metaprolol succinate, because it has a long-term effect (for example, Betalok ZOK or Egilok S), which allows you to eliminate sharp fluctuations in blood pressure, tartrate has a shorter effect.

Metoprolol will perfectly replace anaprilin, while it will last longer and cause less harm to the body.

pros

• It works for a long time when prescribing prolonged (retard) forms (metoprolol succinate).
• Tablets of 25-50-100 mg. Double dose - 100-200 mg 2-3 times a day until stable pressure stabilization. For retard forms (Betalok ZOK) - 1 time per day.
• Good tolerance, metoprolol succinate can be used in patients with diabetes, it also has an anti-atherosclerotic effect
• It is recommended for patients with pain in the heart (angina pectoris), arrhythmias, long QT syndrome, hyperthyroidism, for the prevention of migraine.
• Relieves social anxiety and other types of anxiety.
• Patients with congestive heart failure. Relieves an attack of angina pectoris (pain in the heart). Has antiarrhythmic properties.
• Very often combined with other groups of antihypertensive drugs.

special instructions

• Causes dizziness, fatigue, sleep problems, depression, cold extremities - at high doses. It is impossible with bradycardia (pulse up to 50 beats per minute). Not recommended for patients with diabetes.
• Released by prescription
• Cannot be prescribed for sick sinus syndrome, A-B blockade, bradycardia (pulse less than 55 beats per minute)
• Tablets are recommended to be taken constantly, even after normalization of blood pressure.
• In the treatment of hypertension complicated both in monotherapy of 1-2 degrees, and in combination with GB of 3 degrees

• Betaloc ® (metoprolol tartrate) Astra Zeneca (England) - 100 mg No. 100 - 420 rubles.
• Betaloc ® ZOK (Metaprolol succinate), Astra Zeneca (England) - 100 mg No. 30 - 424 rubles.
• Vasocardin (metoprolol tartrate), Zentiva (Slovenia), 100 mg No. 50 - 45 rubles.
• Vasocardin retard, Zentiva (Slovenia)
• Corvitol ® 100 (Metoprolol tartrate), Berlin Chemie (Germany)
• Metoprolol (tartrate), Organics (Russia) - 50 mg No. 30 - 30 rubles.
• Serdol (tartrate), Labormed Pharma (Romania)
• Egilok (metaprolol tartrate) Egis (Hungary) - 100 mg No. 30 - 135 rubles.
• Egilok ® Retard (metoprolol tartrate) Egis (Hungary) - 50 mg No. 30 - 135 rubles.
• Egilok S (metoprolol succinate) Egis Hungary - 100 mg No. 30 - 232 rubles.
• Emzok (metoprolol tartrate), Ivaks (Czech Republic)
• Azoprol retard (metoprolol succinate), Emkyor, India

Bisoprolol is the most cardioselective beta-blocker, well tolerated, has a low incidence of side effects such as bronchospasm, sleep disturbance, erectile dysfunction. Bisoprolol can be an excellent alternative to anaprilin (an old remedy), which is taken once a day.

pros

• Works for a long time
• Tablets of 5-10 mg, with increasing doses, the high selectivity of the action is lost.
• Good tolerance, bisoprolol can be used in patients with diabetes, glaucoma, bronchial asthma, obesity, does not cause sexual dysfunction.
• Recommended after a heart attack, arrhythmia, angina pectoris (heart pain), with chronic heart failure
• Patients with weakness of the heart and edema. Has antiarrhythmic properties.
• Very often combined with other groups of antihypertensive drugs. Do not combine with verapamil and diltiazem.

Cautions

• Causes dizziness, fatigue. It is impossible with bradycardia (pulse up to 60 beats per minute).
• Released by prescription
• Not to be taken by lactating and pregnant women, children under 18 years of age.
• It should not be prescribed for sick sinus syndrome, A-B blockade, bradycardia (pulse less than 60 beats per minute), psoriasis.
• Tablets are recommended to be taken constantly, even after normalization of blood pressure.
• In the treatment of hypertension complicated both in monotherapy of 1-2 degrees, and in combination with GB of 3 degrees

• Concor Merck (Germany) 10 mg No. 30 - 280 rubles.
• Coronal Zentiva (Slovakia) 10 mg №30 - 200 rubles.
• Biol Sandoz (Slovenia) 10 mg No. 30 - 207 rubles.
• Bidop Nish Generic (Ireland) 10 mg No. 28 - 247 rubles.
• Aritel Canon Pharma (Russia) 10 mg No. 30 - 133 rubles.
• Biprol Chemo Pharm (Russia) 10 mg No. 30 - 189 rubles.
• Tirese Alkaloid (Macedonia) - 5 mg No. 30 - 117 rubles.

The very first representative of the ACE. It remains popular at the present time, because it copes with its tasks, but at the same time it costs a penny, which suits many, given the need for lifelong admission.

pros

• Pressure decreases gradually
• Start with 5 mg, then gradually increase the dose to 10-20 mg. You can up to 80 mg per day.
• Widely used in the prevention of stroke, kidney and heart failure, after myocardial infarction, but better in combination therapy.
• Eating does not affect the effect of the medicine.
• It is a cheap drug.

special instructions

• Short period of action. Must be taken twice a day.
• Not recommended for narrowing of the renal arteries. You need to control the picture of blood and sugar.
• Not to be taken by lactating and pregnant women and persons under 18 years of age.
• Often there is a cough, rash, nausea. At high doses - impotence.
• Tablets are recommended to be taken constantly, even after normalization of blood pressure.
• It is used in the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension, in combination with other pressure drugs in complicated hypertension.
• Does not affect the activity of the heart, does not change the pulse.

Analogues of Enalapril:

• Berlipril Berlin Chemie (Germany) 20 mg No. 30 - 112 rubles.
• Invoril Ranbaxi (India)
• Renipril Pharm standard (Russia)
• Renitek Merck (Netherlands)
• Ednit Gedeon Richter (Hungary)
• Enalapril Ozone (Russia) 10 mg No. 30 - 20 rubles.
• Enap KRKA (Slovenia) 10 mg №20 - 52 rubles.
• Enal (India)
• Enam Doctor Reddis (India)

Pills for hypertension with a quick effect (table)

For effective management of arterial hypertension, it is desirable to have antihypertensive drugs with a quick effect in the first-aid kit. They will help relieve the growing pressure, prevent the occurrence of a hypertensive crisis.

Short-acting, fast-acting drugs are not suitable for long-term use, they can be taken occasionally as an "ambulance". It is best to put the tablet under the tongue, so it will begin to act faster.

A drug	Beginning and ending	Dosages	Note
1. Clonidine (clofellin)	Home15 – 30 minutes. Duration 2-8 hours.	0.075-0.150 mg. Maybe under the tongue.	It is impossible for hypertensive crises caused by alcohol intoxication. Suitable for the elderly and patients with anxiety, agitation.
2. Captopril	Start in 5 – 15 minutes. Maximum after 30 minutes Duration 2 hours. Reception under the tongue: the action begins 5-15 minutes. Lasts 2 hours.	6.25 to 50 mg	The best remedy for the rapid removal of high blood pressure for a short time. Then you need to take a prolonged drug in parallel.
3. Hydralazine (Apressin)	Starting in 30 minutes. Valid for 3-4 hours.	10-25 mg	Only a short take. It greatly reduces blood pressure, has many contraindications: hypersensitivity, widespread atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular insufficiency, mitral heart disease.
4. Furosemide	Beginning 30-60 minutes, duration 4-8 hours. With the \ m in 5 minutes and lasts 2-3 hours.	40-80 mg	With the threat of pulmonary edema, acute left ventricular failure.
5. Propranolol (Inderal)	Maybe under the tongue. The onset of action is 15-30 minutes. Maximum effect after 60 minutes. Duration 4-5 hours.	10-40 mg	Relieves palpitations, tachycardia (from 80 beats and above).
6. Nifedipine. Available in tablets and drops.	Starting in 5-30 minutes. Duration 4 hours. When taken under the tongue and in the form of drops, it begins to act after 5 minutes.	5-10 mg	They are rarely used, due to a sharp decrease in blood pressure, complications from the heart (heart attack), brain (stroke) are possible.
7. Nitroglycerin -1.2 mg	Starting from 30 seconds (under the tongue) to 3 minutes (capsule). Duration 6 hours. Then you can repeat.	0.5 - 1 mg. Drops 10 mg \ ml.	It is recommended for high blood pressure in combination with pain in the heart (angina pectoris, suspected heart attack). Also pulmonary edema (shortness of breath). Heart failure (shortness of breath, swelling of the legs). More effective than nifedipine sublingually.
8. Verapamil	Start 30 minutes. Duration 4-6 hours.	40-80 mg (max - 240 mg)	It is impossible for bradycardia, combined with b-blockers, cardiac glycosides.
9. Prazosin	Starting in 1 hour. The maximum effect is 2-4 hours. Duration 10 hours. It is possible under the tongue, beginning in 40-45 minutes.	0.5 -1 mg	Perhaps a sharp drop in blood pressure. Apply with caution. Not suitable for long term treatment.
10. Andipal V (Metamizole 0.25 g Bendazol Papaverine 0.02 g, Phenobarbital 0.02 g)	Starting in 15-20 minutes. Duration 2-3 hours.	Combined remedy	Recommended for headaches with a slight increase in blood pressure

The decrease in pressure should not be aggressive, it is recommended to gradually reduce it by 25% of the initial level within a few hours, focusing on the general condition, then switch to the planned intake of long-acting drugs.

Pills for hypertension prolonged action (table)

These drugs can be used for long-term use, they are applied once a day. The effect is cumulative, persistent normalization of blood pressure occurs by the end of 4 weeks.

A drug	Start	Dose	Note
Indapamide	Starting in 1-2 hours. Duration up to 25 hours	1.5 - 2.5 mg	Often used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. Potassium control. Patients refuse due to side effects
Metoprolol succinate (Betaloc ZOK)	Beginning of action in 2-3 hours Duration up to 24 hours	25-50-100 mg	Chronic heart failure (CHF), angina pectoris, previous myocardial infarction (MI), need for rhythm control, pregnancy
Kandesarta?n (Atakand)	Starting in 2 hours. Duration 24 hours	8 mg	Provides a gradual and long-term reduction in blood pressure. Does not affect the rhythm of the heart. Suitable for the elderly.
Bisoprolol (Concor)	Beginning in 3-4 hours. Duration 24 hours.	2.5-20 mg	Does not cause bronchospasm. Suitable for patients with type 2 diabetes and bronchial asthma.
Amlodipine, ("EsCordi Cor" modern Amlodipine)	Beginning in 2-3 hours. Duration 35 hours or more.	2.5-10 mg Escordi Cor - 2.5 mg	Penetrates into the central nervous system, reduces predominantly systolic blood pressure, has the longest effect. Causes swelling in the legs
Aliskiren (Rasilez)	Beginning of action in 30 minutes. Duration 40 hours.	150 or 300 mg	A modern drug, well tolerated, gently lowers blood pressure. Protects target organs during the day, does not cause cough.
Trandolapril (Gopten)	Starting in 30 minutes. Duration up to 48 hours	1-2 mg	It has a long-term hypotensive effect (36-48 hours); which can persist up to 2 weeks after withdrawal.
Telmisartan (Micardis)	Starting in 3 hours. Duration up to 48 hours	40-80 mg	Indicated for hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease, type II diabetes
Moexipril (Moex)	Start 30-40 minutes Duration 24 hours	7.5 - 15 mg	May significantly lower blood pressure, especially in combination with diuretics.
Physiotens	Starting in 1 hour. Duration 10-12 hours.	0.2-0.4 mg	Start with caution – for a sharp drop in blood pressure.

Combined means to reduce high blood pressure (table)

When it is not possible to reduce pressure with a single prolonged agent, a combination of two or three antihypertensive drugs in low doses is resorted to. This approach is safer than prescribing a single drug at a higher dose.

Groups	Name of the drug	Compound	Reception	Note
ACE inhibitor + diuretic + calcium channel blocker	triplixam	Perindopril arginine Indapamide	1 tablet daily from morning to meal	It is used in the treatment of severe GB.
ACE inhibitor+ Calcium channel blocker	Prestans (Bee prestarium)	perindopril (5-10 mg) + amlodipine (5-10 mg)	1 tab in the morning	Provides BP control throughout the day
Calcium channel blocker + ACE inhibitor	Equator	amlodipine 5 mg + lisinopril 10 mg;	Once a day	Effective remedy for the elderly
	Vamloset	Amlodipine (5-10 mg) + Valsartan (80-160 mg)	once	Latest development
Calcium channel blocker + renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocker (RAAS)	Telsartan AM	Amlodipine (5-10 mg) + Telmisartan (40-80 mg)	once	Modern drug
Calcium channel blocker + (RAAS) + diuretic	Co exforge	Amlodipine 5 mg + Valsartan 160 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5	once	Strong triple action drug, effectively stabilizes blood pressure
	Edarbi Chloe	Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg + Chlorthalidone (12.5-25 mg)	Once a day	Modern combined remedy
ACE inhibitor + calcium channel blocker	Tarka	Trandolapril 2-4mg + Verapamil (180-240mg)		Verapamil in Tarka is a sustained release drug, so the drug is well tolerated.
Diuretic + direct renin inhibitor	Co - Rasilez	Aliskiren (150-300 mg) + Hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg)	Once, regardless of meals	For severe hypertension. Well tolerated
Angiotensin receptor antagonist + diuretic	Co-diovan	Valsartan (80-320 mg) + Hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg)	Once a day	Commonly prescribed drug in Europe

Rating of effective combined drugs for high blood pressure with their description

At one time, many appreciated the effective combination of 3 drugs of reserpine, hydrochlorothiazide and hydralazine called Adelfan.

Indeed, the combination of drugs increases the strength of action, reduces undesirable consequences.

Ideal combinations of the following antihypertensive groups:

1. Diuretic (thiazide) + angiotensin-II receptor blocker;
2. Diuretic (thiazide) + CCB (calcium antagonists);
3. Diuretic (thiazide) + ACE inhibitor;
4. Calcium antagonist + Angiotensin-II receptor blocker;
5. ACE inhibitor + calcium antagonist.

They are safe and quite effective, all other combinations are either contraindicated or undesirable.

1. triplixam
2. Ko exforge (Ko Vamloset)
3. Tarka
4. Prestans or Bee prestarium
5. Equator
6. Equapress
7. Enziks.

Edarbi Clo Takeda (USA)

Diuretic + Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist
Edarbi Clo Takeda (USA)
Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg + Chlorthalidone (12.5 to 25 mg)
Once a day
One of the most modern combinations

Adenosine converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) + diuretic + calcium channel blocker
Triplixam Perindopril arginine 5 mg
Indapamide 1.25 mg
Amlodipine 5 mg
Has a triple action, one tablet a day in the morning before meals
It is used in the treatment of severe GB.

The cost in pharmacies from 674 rubles. (low doses), 846 rubles. - high doses.

Calcium channel blocker
angiotensin II receptor blocker
diuretic
Co exforge Amlodipine 5 mg
Valsartan 160 mg
Hydrochlorothiazide 12, 5
once
A new triple action drug.

• Co exforge (low dosage) No. 28 - 1700 rubles, high dose - 2567 rubles.
• Ko Vamloset KRKA (Slovenia) - (low dose) #30 – 640 rubles, high – 732 rub.

prestance

Amlodipine ACE inhibitor
calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Proven, state-of-the-art

Prestans No. 30 from 596 rubles, high doses No. 30 – 762 rub.

Dalneva KRKA (Slovenia) No. 30 - from 372 rubles. up to 900 rubles for 90 high dose tablets.

Equator Gedeon Richter (Hungary)

Calcium channel blocker
ACE inhibitor Equator amlodipine 5 mg
lisinopril 10 mg;
Once a day
Effective remedy
suitable for the elderly

Price in pharmacies:

• Equator Gideon Richter #30 – from 492 rub. up to 633 rub. (high doses)
• Tenliza KRKA (Slovenia) №30 – 499 rub.
• De-crisis Medisorb (Russia) from 179 rubles. (low doses), 320 rubles. (high doses).

Tarka
calcium channel blocker
ACE inhibitor
Verapamil prolonged
trandolapril
One capsule in the morning after meals.
Not possible with a low heart rate (less than 55 beats)

Tarka №28 – from 660 rubles up to 737 rubles.

Equapress
ACE inhibitor
diuretic
calcium channel blocker

Indapamide + lisinopril
Triple combination drug

The cost of Equapress No. 28 in pharmacies is from 532 rubles. up to 739 rubles. (high doses)

Enziks
ACE inhibitor + diuretic
Enalapril + indapamide
Good quality + affordable price

• Enziks Hemofarm Serbia №30 from 150 rub. (low dose), 320 rubles. (high doses).
• Enziks duo №45 from 199 rubles. (low doses) up to 335 rub. (high dose)
• Enziks duo forte №45 – 424 rub.

How to choose the right antihypertensive drug

Choosing the right drug is an equally important part of treatment. It is necessary to understand what is happening in the body, causing a persistent increase in blood pressure.

Our goal- choose the right medicine, taking into account the damage to target organs, strive to restore them, reduce pressure smoothly, realize and accept the fact that treatment should be carried out for life.

At the first stage We will try to find out the specific reason for the increase in blood pressure. The table discusses the main causes, indicates the optimal drug for this pathology.

Choice depending on the reason:

Increased output of blood by the heart:(hyperthyroidism, increased tone of the sympathetic system). It happens in the early stages of hypertension.	Increased peripheral resistance:(spasm of the vessels of the extremities, typical for the elderly and hypertensive patients with "experience" of the disease).	Increased circulating blood volume: (too much fluid)
Centrally acting drugs. On our list is moxonidine (physiotens)	ACE inhibitors. From our list - this is enalapril, perindopril, ramipril.	Diuretics are indapamide (Arifon)
Beta blockers. From our list - this is atenolol (Betaloc ZOK), bisoprolol, Tarka - a combination medicine.	Angiotensin II receptor blockers. The article lists losartan and valsartan.	Drugs combined with diuretics are Enzix.
Rhythm-slowing calcium antagonists(verapamil or diltiazem)	Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) – amlodipine, Escordi Cor, lercanidipine
	Centrally acting drugs - rilmenidine (albarel), moxonidine.
	Sympatholytics (dopegyt)
	Beta blockers with vasodilating action (carvedilol, nebivolol)
	Alpha blockers (doxasosin, terazosin)
	Diuretics (indapamide) for at least 3-4 weeks

In order to determine which organs – targets are affected, it is necessary to undergo an examination: ECG, echocardiography, radiography (reveals myocardial hypertrophy, rhythm disturbance), ultrasound of the walls of arteries, great vessels, look at the presence of protein in the urine, nitrogen and creatinine in the blood (for kidney damage), check the fundus ( hemorrhages, swelling of the nipple).

Groups of preferred drugs to protect affected organs

Protect the cardiovascular system	Protect the brain	Protect the kidneys
ACE inhibitors. Our list includes enalapril, perindopril, ramipril. Of the combined - Enziks	Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) – nimodipine, lercanidipine	ACE inhibitors (especially in diabetics) - enalapril, perindopril, ramipril.
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The article lists losartan and valsartan, of the combined ones - Edarbi Klo.	Of the combined ones - Equapress, Tarka, Equator, Prestans, Co exforge, Triplixam.	Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. In our article - losartan, valsartan. Co exforge - a combined remedy
Beta blockers		Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) - amlodipine and its combinations with enalapril.
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) From our list are atenolol (Betaloc ZOK), bisoprolol, Tarka, Equapress, Equator - combined drugs.
Indapamide
Central acting drugs (minor effect) - moxonidine (physiotens)

An increase in blood pressure may be asymptomatic at first. That is why this syndrome, scientifically called hypertension, is popularly called the “silent killer”. Normal pressure in a healthy person should not be higher than 140 to 90 mmHg. All indicators that exceed this value immediately indicate that a person develops hypertension.

It would seem that this is terrible. But, it is this disease that annually causes a large number of deaths, especially since in a malignant form, hypertension kills a person in six months if he does not receive adequate treatment.

Hypertension can cause many serious diseases that lead a person to disability or significantly impair the quality of life:

1. Stroke.
2. Violation of heart contractions, arrhythmia.
3. Heart failure.
4. Heart attack.
5. Renal failure.
6. Coma.
7. Cardiac ischemia.
8. Increased intraocular pressure.

It's important to know! The risk group includes those people who are obese, have a history of diabetes and high blood cholesterol levels, abuse smoking and alcohol.

The first serious increase in pressure for people at a young age may go unnoticed. But over time, the situation may worsen, and a person will feel the first unpleasant bells. Symptoms of hypertension are determined by target organ damage:

1. Brain and vision: headache, dizziness, disturbance
   vision, TIA, sensory or movement disorders.
2. Heart: chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of the ankles, fainting, feeling of rapid heartbeat, irregular heartbeat.
3. Kidneys: thirst, polyuria, nocturia, hematuria.
4. Peripheral arteries: cold extremities, intermittent claudication.
5. Snoring, chronic lung disease, sleep apnea.
6. cognitive dysfunction.

It's important to know! If a person feels several symptoms from this list at once, you need to immediately take control of your pressure. This means that you need to measure the pressure for several days, comparing the indicators with unpleasant symptoms and good health.

Treatment of hypertension

The faster a person begins to control his pressure and lower it at high rates, the less harm will be done to his health. With constant high blood pressure, a number of drugs are prescribed that have a multifaceted effect on all body systems without causing side effects. But in order to receive adequate treatment, it is necessary for the attending physician to determine the nature of hypertension, prescribe a series of tests that will clarify the etiology of the course of the disease, combine the prescription of drugs with other drugs if a person is forced to take them due to a history of the disease.

For the treatment of high blood pressure, six groups of therapeutic drugs are used that have a diverse effect on the body:

1. Beta blockers.
2. Diuretics.
3. calcium antagonists.
4. Angiotensin II receptor blockers, sartans.
5. ACE inhibitors.

It's important to know! Self-medication and self-administration of drugs for high blood pressure can cause a sharp deterioration in health. Also, improperly selected medications can provoke allergic reactions and heart failure.

Video - Treatment of arterial hypertension

Diuretics and sulfonamides

Diuretics increase the production and excretion of urine from the body. The drugs help to increase the lumen of blood vessels by removing puffiness from their walls. This effect lowers blood pressure.

Indapamide

The drug, along with urine, sodium is excreted, accelerates the work of calcium channels, helps to ensure that the arterial walls become more elastic. It belongs to thiazide diuretics. It is used to treat hypertension and as a remedy for edema caused by heart failure. With hypertension, it is indicated to take 2.5 mg 1 time / day.

Contraindications:

• renal failure (stage of anuria);
• hepatic encephalopathy or severe liver failure;
• hypokalemia;
• lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency or glucose/galactose malabsorption syndrome;
• pregnancy;
• lactation period;
• age up to 18 years (efficacy and safety have not been established);
• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
• hypersensitivity to other sulfonamide derivatives.

Chlortalidone

This drug is combined, as it contains a diuretic and a beta-blocker. Chlortalidone during diuretic action together with urine removes sodium and chloride from the body, thereby reducing the tone of the walls of blood vessels. Also, when exposed to the drug, potassium is washed out of the body, so it is recommended to take potassium-containing drugs together.

The maximum effect occurs after 3-4 hours after taking the tablets, lasts for 12 hours, is completely excreted from the body after 100 hours. Contraindicated in heart failure.

It's important to know! Diuretics should be taken strictly according to the instructions. Exceeding the daily dose can cause a sharp drop in blood pressure and kidney problems. Decrease in salts and minerals washed out of the body by diuretics can cause convulsions.

Beta blockers

These drugs are used in the form of a combined treatment, which not only reduces the tone of the walls of blood vessels, but also does not negatively affect the functioning of the heart. They are prescribed to patients who have been diagnosed with diseases such as heart attack, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Name of the drug	Image	Pharmacological properties
bisoprolol		This drug reduces the activity of the renin substance in the blood plasma. Renin is formed in the kidneys and significantly increases vascular tone. A decrease in the amount of renin contributes to the antihypertensive effect. Also, the drug reduces the stroke volume of the heart, which reduces the need for myocardial oxygen. Bisoprolol is taken without diuretics for the first 14 days, then diuretics should be included in the treatment regimen. You can not abruptly cancel the pills, otherwise the cancellation can provoke jumps in blood pressure. The drug has a whole list of contraindications, including heart failure, bronchial asthma, Raynaud's syndrome.
metoprolol		The drug reduces the heart rate, which reduces the need for myocardial oxygen saturation. Practically does not change the amount of electrolytes in the blood. The drug does not provoke bronchospasm, by blocking the connection of epinephrine and other hormones, it helps to reduce the effect of stress. May be used to prevent recurrent myocardial infarction. Removes stenosis of the walls of blood vessels and arteries, which significantly increases their lumen and reduces blood pressure
Talinolol		In addition to lowering pressure, the drug has a beneficial effect on the work of the heart in case of rhythm disturbance. Does not cause bronchospasm, has a minimum of side effects, is quickly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, begins to act after 3 hours. Take the drug 3 times a day, after meals. The daily dosage of talinolol should not exceed 600 mg.

It's important to know! These drugs are better at coping with the disease in combination with diuretics.

calcium antagonists

The drugs of this group help to slow down the flow of calcium cells through special channels inside the walls of blood vessels and arteries. Thanks to this ability, spasm of blood vessels is removed and their lumen increases, which helps to lower pressure.

Nifedipine

This drug helps to inhibit calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle at the cellular level. Due to this effect on the vessels, there is an antihypertensive effect, due to which the tone of the arteries decreases. Nifedipine belongs to the first generation of a calcium blocker, but despite this, it practically does not affect the heart rate, does not accumulate in the body, which prevents the occurrence of side effects over time. Take this drug with kidney disease with caution, as the period of elimination of the drug from the body increases, which can lead to unwanted negative effects.

The minimum daily dose of the drug is 20-30 mg, the maximum is 80 mg.

Verapamil SR

This drug belongs to the second generation of calcium antagonists, respectively, it has slightly fewer side effects compared to the first generation. It has good absorption of HCS, but has low bioavailability. The full effect is achieved a day after taking the drug.

When exposed, it expands the lumen of the coronary vessels, relieves spasm of the walls of the arteries. Slows down the work of the heart muscle, thereby reducing myocardial oxygen demand. Increases endurance during physical activity.

Verapamil SR is contraindicated in heart failure, diseases of the excretory organs and the liver. Also, the drug has a number of contraindications, which the specialist should pay attention to.

Sartans

Drugs in this group suppress the effect of renin, which is formed in the kidneys during hypoxia due to too high pressure. With multi-stage transformation, renin is synthesized into the substance angiotensin II, which provokes a spasm of the walls of blood vessels. It is the group of sartans that suppresses the negative effect of angiotensin II.

Lorista

This drug quickly blocks the harmful effects of angiotensin II, but does not affect other hormones and substances involved in cardiovascular regulation. The tablets also prevent the synthesis of renin into angiotensin II, which allows you to control and maintain normal pressure for a long time. When taking the drug, there is no sharp decrease in pressure with insignificant indicators of hypertension, which has a good effect on the well-being of a person. It does not have a recoil syndrome, which allows for a quick withdrawal of the drug. Lorista does not affect the heart rate, which makes it suitable for people with heart conditions.

Does not accumulate in the body, can be taken during pregnancy, the daily dose of the drug is 50 mg (1 tablet per day)

Cardosal

This drug lowers blood pressure by blocking angiotensin II, which causes narrowing of the lumen of the walls of the arteries. When taking pills, there is no sharp decrease in pressure and tachycardia. The drug promotes reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys, stimulates cardiac activity. Has no withdrawal syndrome, can be taken once a day or when dividing the daily allowance.

ACE inhibitors

Like sartans, ACE inhibitors block the activity of the renin-angiotensin system at all levels, which makes it possible to effectively maintain blood pressure at the desired level. In addition to this mechanism of action, the drugs of this group support the cardiovascular system, which allows you to take the medicine for a long time without any side effects.

The drug Captopril protects the internal organs from unwanted stress.

It has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system, thanks to its hypertensive effect, it protects internal organs from unwanted stress. It does not increase blood sugar, so it can be prescribed to diabetics. In combination with diuretics, it shows the best effect. It has the following contraindications: impaired renal function, stenosis of the hepatic artery, Quincke's edema, last trimesters of pregnancy.

Lisinopril

This drug has a rather multifaceted effect on the human heart. It suppresses the increase in pressure by reducing the effect of renin-angiotensin enzymes on the walls of blood vessels. Lisinopril also helps to reduce left ventricular hypertrophy, by increasing the contractions of this part of the heart. The drug enhances coronary blood flow, which improves the functioning of all internal organs.

It's important to know! Human health directly depends on his habits and lifestyle. It is also important to pay attention to the not-too-pleasant signals that the body gives when there is any disruption in the functioning of the internal organs. Therefore, you need to listen to yourself, because it is much easier to treat a disease in the early stages than in a neglected form.

Irina Zakharova

Symptoms of high blood pressure (BP) often appear in people over 40-45 years of age. It is no secret that it is impossible to completely recover from hypertension, and therefore hypertensive patients use high blood pressure pills throughout their lives. Such drugs improve well-being, help to cope with a hypertensive crisis and prevent the development of dangerous complications.

Before embarking on the treatment of hypertension, it is recommended to study in more detail the features of drugs to normalize blood pressure levels.

You can not engage in drug therapy immediately after an increase in blood pressure. It is advisable to take the tablets if the blood pressure has repeatedly risen to 165/90 or higher, since such high values ​​​​are considered critical. In patients with diabetes mellitus, heart or kidney failure, critical blood pressure values ​​begin at 130/80. In such cases, experts advise to engage in complex treatment, which uses several different medications. This will help reduce the likelihood of side effects during therapy by reducing the intensity of exposure to each of the drugs.

The effectiveness of any drugs for hypertension is increased by proper nutrition. Therefore, while taking medication, it is better to refuse fatty, salty and fried foods. You will also have to stop drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco products, as these bad habits negatively affect blood pressure.

Another thing that will speed up the process of treating hypertension is gymnastics. Regular walks and morning jogging help to expand the walls of blood vessels and reduce blood pressure.

Side effects

Like any medication, blood pressure medications have a range of side effects that can occur when used to treat symptoms of hypertension. Common complications include:

• Frequent urination. The problem appears 2-3 hours after the application of the medicine.
• Disturbed heart rhythm. Some patients complain of arrhythmias due to drug therapy. To establish the causes of heart problems, you need to donate blood for analysis.
• Muscle weakness accompanied by spasms. A side effect appears if during treatment you use products that contain a lot of potassium.

• General weakness with dizziness and fainting. Pre-syncope may disturb the patient with increased physical activity during therapy.
• Dehydration. If signs of dehydration appear, you should immediately visit a doctor.
• Temperature rise. After using drugs that are contraindicated for the patient, body temperature may rise, accompanied by severe cough and sore throat.
• Rash. Redness or a rash on the surface of the skin occurs in people who are allergic to the components that make up the medicine.

All of these side effects are not considered fatal and do not increase the risk of death of the patient. However, despite this, before starting drug therapy, it is better to consult a doctor so that he prescribes the most suitable drugs without side effects.

Preparations for the normalization of pressure

Before treatment, every hypertensive patient should familiarize himself with drugs that can normalize blood pressure. It is recommended to find out in advance what types of drugs are and how their mechanisms of action on the body differ.

Fast acting tablets

To quickly get rid of the signs of pathology, you can use drugs that can instantly reduce the intensity of the symptoms of hypertension. The most effective drugs from this group include Adelfan and Captopril. These drugs are available in the form of sucking tablets that can normalize blood pressure within half an hour. The main disadvantage of such medicines is the short duration of action. Because of this, you will have to take medicine at least three times a day.

Also, effective drugs for normalizing high blood pressure include Furosemide, which has a diuretic effect. With regular use of these tablets, the patient will urinate 2-3 times more often. It is thanks to the cleansing of the body and the removal of excess fluid that blood circulation normalizes.

However, there are other equally high-quality fast-acting pills that are often used in the treatment of high blood pressure. These include:

• Anaprilin. The main advantage of the drug is the rate of absorption of the components of the drug. If you take "Anaprilin" inside, then it is almost instantly absorbed by the body. This tool is used to eliminate the symptoms of angina pectoris, hypertensive diseases, arrhythmias and migraines. The medicine is contraindicated in people who develop bradycardia, angina pectoris, diabetes mellitus or vascular diseases against the background of an increase in blood pressure. Everyone else can use Anaprilin to normalize blood pressure. To do this, you will have to drink 3 tablets of the drug daily.

• Enalapril. This tool has a complex effect on the body. Thanks to this, Enalapril not only helps to reduce blood pressure to normal levels, but also improves blood circulation, normalizes the heartbeat and expands the vascular walls. Before using the remedy, you should familiarize yourself with its contraindications in order to prevent side effects. Enalapril should not be used by pregnant girls and people allergic to inhibitors. To get rid of the symptoms of high blood pressure, take 0.03 g of Elanapril daily. During the reception, the tablet can be left under the tongue or washed down with water.

Extended-release tablets

Sometimes it is contraindicated to use means with a quick effect and instead of them you have to use drugs for hypertension, which are distinguished by a prolonged action. Manufacturers of these tablets deliberately prolong their therapeutic effect in order to reduce the consumption of drugs and make treatment more convenient. With drug therapy, it is enough to drink such drugs 1-2 times a day.

Experts advise using these funds to patients who suffer from a second or third degree of pathology. In the initial stages of development, it is better to use less effective drugs. The course of treatment with tablets is at least three weeks in order to achieve a stable and lasting result.

Among the products with prolonged action, the following are highly effective:

• "Metoprolol". It has an antihypertensive effect, which gradually increases after a two-week course of treatment. "Metoprolol" is used in hypertension to stabilize blood pressure. Also, the drug is used by patients with angina pectoris to reduce the number of attacks. Doctors advise drinking Metoprolol in the treatment of tachycardia to normalize the heartbeat. At optimal doses, the drug promotes the expansion of arteries and improves blood circulation. With drug therapy for hypertension, Metoprolol is drunk twice a day, one tablet each.

• "Diroton". Used in the treatment of hypertensive pathologies accompanied by high blood pressure. Also, "Diroton" is prescribed to people with chronic heart failure in complex therapy with diuretic drugs. When using these tablets, one must be careful, as they have a number of contraindications. They should not be drunk by children under 16, pregnant women, allergy sufferers and people with heart failure. For the treatment of hypertension, it is enough to drink one tablet daily for three weeks.

• "Cordaflex". It is used to lower high blood pressure levels by improving blood circulation and expanding the walls of blood vessels. In addition, Kordaflex is used to prevent heart disease and normalize heartbeat. Doctors advise taking the medicine in the morning, after meals. At the same time, Kordaflex should be washed down with water and not chewed, as this may cause signs of an overdose. No more than one Kordaflex tablet is drunk daily.

Combined drugs

With hypertension with complications, it is recommended to be treated with combined agents. They differ in the most effective effect on the body, which is achieved due to several active components in the composition at once. At the same time, all elements in the preparation are contained in the optimal therapeutic dosage. Therefore, when using such drugs, a person must understand that 2 or 3 different substances will act on his body.

The list of effective combined drugs includes the following drugs:

• "Exforge". The product contains two active ingredients - valsartan and amlodipine. The combination of these components has a positive effect on the blood circulation and heartbeat of patients. With prolonged use of Exforge, the elasticity of blood vessels improves, so that blood does not stagnate in them. Means is drunk every day on one tablet. "Exforge" begins to act two hours after ingestion. The hypotensive effect persists for six hours, after which it begins to gradually disappear.

• "Noliprel". Refers to antihypertensive drugs that can normalize lower and upper blood pressure. In the manufacture of Noliprel, the inhibitor perindopril and the diuretic indapamide are used, which have a positive effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system. The duration of action of "Noliprel" depends on the dosage. Doctors advise drinking no more than one tablet per day so that the medicine acts for about 5-6 hours. It is impossible to increase the dosage on your own, as this may cause side effects.

• "Tonorma". The composition of these tablets contains three antihypertensive components at once - niphedrine, atenolol and chlorthalidone. Due to the interaction of these elements, the drug has a hypotonic effect, which normalizes high blood pressure. With the daily use of "Tonorma", the patient's blood circulation rate decreases, and the vessels of the arteries relax. To get rid of the symptoms of high blood pressure, you need to drink one tablet in the afternoon before meals. The medicine will begin to act half an hour after consumption, when the Tonorma components enter the bloodstream. The course of treatment lasts about a month, after which the pills are stopped.

Combined administration of several drugs

When using medications to treat hypertension, many doctors advise using a combination therapy, since this is the treatment that is considered the most effective. The essence of the method is the use of several drugs at once, which belong to different groups.

To quickly get rid of the signs of high blood pressure, it is recommended to combine beta-blockers with diuretics.

This combination of drugs will improve your well-being within a week. Also, in the treatment of pathology, you can take diuretics with inhibitors that will complement each other's actions.

Blood pressure medications

Before using drugs for pressure, you need to familiarize yourself with the main groups of such drugs, which differ in their mechanism of action. The list includes twelve drugs that lower blood pressure.

Beta blockers

Some doctors recommend that hypertensive patients take drugs that are responsible for blocking adrenergic receptors. Due to this effect on the body, the work of the heart slows down, and signs of arrhythmia are eliminated. However, in some patients, complications such as choking and bronchial spasms may occur after using such drugs.

Most often, these problems occur in people with lung diseases. Therefore, not all adrenoblockers are suitable for patients with respiratory diseases. In the treatment of hypertension, they can only use Obzidan and Propranol. These drugs have practically no contraindications, and therefore all hypertensive patients can drink them.

Calcium channel blockers

Under the influence of calcium ions, the muscles of the vessels gradually contract, which narrows their patency, and blood circulation worsens. This leads to an increase in blood pressure and the development of signs of hypertension. Therefore, drugs that block calcium channels help reduce blood pressure.

Regular use of such blockers reduces the heart's need for air and makes myocardial contraction less intense. In addition, the drugs included in the group of blockers relax the vascular walls and increase blood flow. When treating hypertension, doctors advise drinking Nimotol, Isoptin and Cinnarizine.

Myotropic antispasmodics

The drugs are used to normalize blood circulation and eliminate unpleasant pain that may occur due to high blood pressure. To quickly lower blood pressure, antispasmodics such as Papazol, No-shpa and Dibazol are used. The composition of these drugs contains components that can improve the heartbeat and lower blood pressure by improving the elasticity of the vascular walls.

Nitrates

Not only hypertension leads to an increase in blood pressure. There are other pathologies that are often accompanied by an increase in blood pressure. These include disorders of the nervous system that occur with prolonged depression, stress, or when fear appears. In such cases, it will be possible to normalize the pressure only with the help of drugs belonging to the sedative group of drugs.

With prolonged use of such drugs, blood pressure indicators are normalized due to the expansion of the arteries and a decrease in their tone. The main advantage of nitrates is that they are able to quickly lower the elevated level of blood pressure.

Before using such sedatives, it is better to consult a doctor to make sure that the patient is compatible with such drugs.

Alpha-blockers, ganglionic blockers

The funds are not highly effective and therefore they are drunk in combination therapy for pathology or for a single and short-term reduction in blood pressure. People with glaucoma are contraindicated in the use of blockers, as this will lead to complications. Also, drugs should not be used by people with cardiac pathologies, neurological diseases and high intracranial pressure.

Among the effective ganglioblockers, Arfonad, Ebrantil and Fentrolamine are distinguished.

Sympatholytics

These are universal medicines that are actively used in the treatment of any form of hypertension. A distinctive feature of sympatholytics is that the effect of taking them is noticeable only one and a half weeks after the start of the treatment course. A persistent decrease in blood pressure after the use of drugs is observed in 30% of patients. In the remaining 70%, blood pressure decreases for a short time.

The use of sympatholytics contributes to the removal of stagnant intestinal or gastric juice. Because of this, many experts do not recommend drinking pills for people suffering from gastritis or gastric ulcers.

The disadvantages of sympatholytics include side effects that may appear after their use. Often, hypertensive patients complain of pain in the pancreas and in the abdomen. Some people develop breast cancer due to medication.

Diuretics, diuretics

Diuretics are used to improve heart function and normalize blood pressure. It is necessary to use diuretics only after the appointment of the attending physician, since side effects appear if they are used incorrectly.

The advantage of diuretics is that they help to quickly cope with the symptoms of hypertension. In the treatment of such drugs, small dosages are used, since a high dose contributes to the development of adverse reactions and complications.

Doctors advise drinking fast-acting diuretics, which stabilize blood pressure within 20-40 minutes after taking them. The course of treatment with diuretics lasts 1-2 weeks.

Alpha Stimulants

The use of such drugs reduces the activity of the nervous system due to the stimulation of cerebral adrenergic receptors. Alpha stimulants are contraindicated in people who suffer from mitral or aortic valve stenosis. In patients with such pathologies, after the use of stimulants, complications appear in the form of headache, impaired coordination of movements, general weakness and drowsiness. In rare cases, taking alpha stimulants results in the development of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

To prevent serious complications and side effects, it is imperative to consult with your doctor before using medications.

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors or pril are often used to treat high blood pressure. Tablets help to cope not only with hypertension, but also with myocardial hypertrophy, which can occur with high blood pressure. Also, drugs effectively fight the manifestations of heart failure. ACE inhibitors are used to increase circulation and strengthen the muscles of the heart.

Normalization of blood pressure is achieved by reducing the amount of cholesterol in the blood. An increased level of this substance leads to a deterioration in blood circulation and an increase in blood pressure.

Sartans

During drug therapy of pathology, sartans are often used. Such drugs have a positive effect on blood pressure and the cardiovascular system. The drugs included in this group are prescribed to patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and cardiosclerosis. Sartans also have an antiarrhythmic effect and therefore they can be drunk in the treatment of arrhythmia.

Doctors may prescribe sartans to reduce the chance of a stroke, which sometimes occurs in hypertensive patients. Regular use of such medicines protects the brain and normalizes its daily activities.

Antispasmodics

Antispasmodics have a vasodilating effect, which improves the blood supply to the brain. They also help relax the walls of blood vessels and get rid of spasms. This is what is considered the main task of antispasmodics. However, there are other functions that such drugs perform. These include:

• activation of metabolism;
• improving the supply of nutrients to brain cells;
• improving the flow of oxygen to the brain and eliminating the symptoms of oxygen starvation;
• decrease in blood pressure.

Doctors advise drinking antispasmodic drugs to patients with pathologies of the heart or blood vessels, with high fatigue, poor memory and dizziness.

Sedatives

It is known that deviations in blood pressure indicators appear due to pathologies that affect the functioning of the heart or blood vessels. However, sometimes an increase in blood pressure is observed due to increased anxiety or stressful situations. Such problems are typical for people with vegetovascular dystonia or with impaired functioning of the nervous system. In this case, to normalize blood pressure, you will have to drink sedatives. Effective means of this category include "Valerian" and "Validol". Also, medicines made on the basis of motherwort or mint will help to improve well-being.

Rating of high blood pressure pills with their description

It is recommended to familiarize yourself in advance with what people drink to eliminate the symptoms of hypertension. Among the huge number of drugs for hypertension, several of the most effective drugs stand out. The list of drugs that should be taken with a decrease in blood pressure includes six drugs.

This blood pressure lowering drug belongs to the sartans group. The use of "Losartan" prevents vasoconstriction, thereby improving blood flow. The effectiveness of the drug is due to angiotensin, which is part of its composition.

To get rid of the manifestations of hypertension, you need to drink a tablet of Losartan every day. The patient's well-being is completely normalized a week after the start of drug therapy.

This is a fairly effective ACE inhibitor, characterized by almost instantaneous action. The pressure drops 2-3 hours after taking the tablets.

To improve the effectiveness of Lisinopril, it is necessary to determine the optimal dosage. To do this, you should visit a doctor who will diagnose the pathology and, based on the results obtained, determine the daily dose and duration of treatment. On average, Lisinopril is drunk for at least ten days.

Such a remedy is popular among people who drink combination drugs in the treatment of high blood pressure. Renipril GT is made from hydrochlorothiazide and maleate. These components have a hypotensive effect on the body, improve vascular patency and reduce blood pressure.

Renipril GT is used only in the treatment of adults, since the drug is contraindicated in hypertensive patients under 16 years of age. To get rid of high blood pressure, you will have to drink two Renipril tablets daily.

Among all ACE inhibitors, Captopril is the most popular. This medicine is often used in first aid during an exacerbation of the symptoms of hypertension. For long-term use, "Captopril" is not suitable, since frequent use of tablets can result in a decrease in blood pressure to critical values. To prevent side effects, it is better to drink the medicine under the supervision of a doctor.

"Arifon retard" (indapamide)

The tablets are made from indapamide, which has a diuretic and vasodilating effect. Regular use of "Arifon" helps to remove excess fluid from the body and reduce high blood pressure. Before using the pills, you need to familiarize yourself with their contraindications. "Arifon" should not be used by patients with impaired liver and kidney function. Also, pregnant girls and teenagers will have to refuse taking pills.

Another diuretic drug that reduces blood pressure is Veroshpiron. The tool contributes to the preservation of potassium in the body, which is responsible for the functioning of the cardiovascular system. "Veroshpiron" is drunk only with combination therapy along with other drugs. In order to avoid side effects when using tablets, you need to contact a specialist and determine the optimal dosage.

New drugs to lower blood pressure

Currently, new generations of drugs are being actively produced, which are much more effective than old drugs. All the latest generation products without dangerous side effects help to quickly eliminate the signs of hypertension.

This diuretic lowers blood pressure by reducing contractions in the walls of blood vessels. Also, "Indapamide" improves the patency of the arteries and reduces the load on the heart. If the medicine is used by a person to whom it is contraindicated, then complications will appear in the form of weakness, headache, numbness of the limbs and digestive problems.

If blood pressure rises due to an increase in vascular tone, doctors advise drinking Methyldopa. These pills quickly cope with the manifestations of high blood pressure, normalize the heartbeat and improve blood flow in the brain. The medicine should not be taken by people who suffer from kidney failure, cirrhosis of the liver, hepatitis, or an exacerbated form of anemia.

Some doctors advise treatment with a diuretic such as Hydrochlorothiazide. The medicine helps in the treatment of cardiac pathologies, edema and hypertension. The advantages of "Hydrochlorothiazide" include the fact that it has no contraindications. It is prescribed even in the treatment of children and adolescents under 16 years of age.

Ramipril is often prescribed to improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system. These tablets help improve blood flow, reduce blood pressure and dilate the arteries. Also, the medicine cleans the kidneys from excess fluid and accumulations of sodium.

"Ranipril" should not be used by young women who breastfeed their children, and patients with renal insufficiency.

At the initial stages of the development of hypertension, it is advised to use Perindopril, which begins to act on the body an hour after consumption. Tablets effectively fight ischemia, heart failure and hypertension. "Perindopril" can not be drunk by pregnant women and people with hypersensitivity to the components of the composition.

"Losartan" is considered one of the most effective diuretic drugs that are used to treat hypertension. Tablets should not be taken by allergy sufferers and girls in the last stage of pregnancy. In such people, after using Losartan, dizziness, rash and nausea appear.

Doctors advise using Telmisartan to prevent the development of such complications as angiopathy. This pathology is accompanied by damage to blood vessels and deterioration of blood flow. The drug is actively used in the treatment of heart failure and hypertension. "Telmisartan" can not be used by people with allergies and children under 10 years old.

A distinctive feature of the drug is that, unlike other similar drugs, Amlodipine does not contribute to the development of tachycardia. Regular use of tablets strengthens the heart muscles, dilates blood vessels and lowers high blood pressure. Drinking "Amlodipine" is not allowed for people with angina pectoris, severe stenosis and allergies.

With hypertension, Felodipine is an indispensable medicine that quickly reduces high blood pressure. Such pills can be drunk not only by young people, but also by older pensioners, since Fenlodipine has no contraindications and side effects.

What drugs are useless for high blood pressure

There are several medications that people often take for hypertension. However, this should not be done, as these funds do not help to improve well-being.

Tablets are used in the treatment of inflammation and for pain relief. "Analgin" does not affect the vessels in any way, and therefore it will not help hypertensive patients.

It may be useful only in the initial stages of pathology. In the treatment of hypertension with complications, it does not lower high blood pressure.

"Glycine" and "Corvalol"

These drugs help only with the complex therapy of the disease. Together with them, sedative or diuretic tablets are well combined.

This drug is contraindicated in hypertensive patients, since at high blood pressure it can provoke complications. Doctors advise drinking "Citramon" for hypotensive patients who need to increase blood pressure.

Conclusion

Hypertension is a common pathology that worries many people. Before you get rid of it, you need to familiarize yourself with the list of drugs for high blood pressure and the features of their use.

Hypertension and arterial hypertension- this is a persistently elevated blood pressure: systolic or diastolic. This diagnosis is made on the basis of the results of repeated pressure measurements. If the indicators for the systolic state each time exceed the figure of 140, and for the diastolic state - 90, this is an alarm signal.

Hypertension is dangerous for the occurrence of complications in the form of strokes, heart attacks and serious disorders of the kidneys. To avoid this, it is necessary to take drugs, which are pills for high blood pressure.

Who should take high blood pressure pills

Often, among patients who need long-acting pressure pills, the majority are people of retirement age, whose medical history is associated with age-related processes.

Antihypertensive drugs are prescribed only in cases where the risk of complications outweighs the risk of side effects from taking these drugs.

Taking into account the destructive effect on the body of the side effects of antihypertensive drugs, their appointment by a doctor is made only in cases of stable retention of blood pressure at around 160/100.

In other cases, doctors recommend a healthy diet for hypertensive patients, excluding salty, fatty and fried foods from food. Also among the recommendations of the specialist will be quitting smoking and alcohol, moderate exercise to lose weight and avoid stressful situations.

The principle of choosing tablets from pressure

If all the doctor's recommendations are fulfilled, and the pressure does not normalize, specialized drugs are prescribed. Since antihypertensive drugs have a purely individual effect, those pills that are effective in the case of one patient may not bring relief to another.

The principle of their appointment is a complex list of items:

Classification of tablets from pressure

Diuretics

Diuretics or diuretics are divided into loop, thiazide and potassium-sparing agents:

1. Loop agents, such as furosemide- pills that quickly lower blood pressure during attacks and crises, due to their powerful action, but their long-term use can lead to a deficiency of potassium and sodium, which is fraught with arrhythmia and other disorders of the heart;
2. Thiazide diuretic preparations, such as arifon or indapamide - tablets for long-term pressure, prescribed in the initial stages of arterial hypertension, have a positive effect on the body, on the contrary, with prolonged use, without removing beneficial trace elements from the body;
3. The third subgroup of diuretics potassium-sparing drugs: spironolactone, veroshpiron. These funds are not used as independent diuretic tablets, due to their mild hypotensive effect and are prescribed only in combination with antihypertensive drugs of other classes.

Contraindications: diuretics, with the exception of furosemide, should be avoided in concomitant acute renal failure.

Furosemide, along with uregitum, in turn, is contraindicated in anemia and hypovolemia. Veroshpiron contraindicated in high blood potassium and atrioventricular blockade, and hypothiazide is forbidden to prescribe in diabetes mellitus.

Antiadrenergic drugs

This group of drugs is dangerous for use without a doctor's prescription and is not suitable for all patients.

Antiadrenergic drugs or sympatholytics are divided into 5 main groups that differ in their action:

• Means of central action manifesting itself inside neurons. They give a central sedative effect and prevent the deposition of catecholamines in the hypothalamus. A striking example of sympatholytics is reserpine. In the form of tablets, the hypotensive effect begins on the 5-6th day, intravenously - after 2-3 hours.

Side effect: often there is difficult to eliminate nasal congestion, diarrhea, bradycardia, possibly redness of the eyes, weakness, dizziness and shortness of breath. There are cases of a negative impact on the psyche of patients, manifesting itself in the form of neurosis or depression.

Before prescribing reserpine the medical history of both the patient and close relatives is studied in detail for mental disorders. Reserpine is not available without a prescription.

This group of drugs softer action are raunatin and rauvazan. In addition to their hypotensive action, they calm the nervous system, restore heart rhythm and increase renal circulation.

Guanedin, ismelin, isobarine, belonging to the same group of central action, show a slow effect in lowering blood pressure, showing it no earlier than 7 days after the start of the course of treatment, but after the end of their intake, it lasts up to 14 days.

Side effects of these drugs: diarrhea, orthostatic hypotension - impaired coordination of movements when getting up from a sitting or lying position and in the heat, weakness, decreased performance. Drugs in this group are contraindicated in myocardial infarction, renal failure and pheochromocytoma. Also, they are unacceptable in atherosclerosis of the cerebral and coronary arteries.

They are not available without a prescription and are dangerous. not only for health, but also for human life, if the dosage is not observed or a combination of some of them with alcohol. They also have a criminal record.

Methyldopa- fast action when administered intravenously, the effect lasts up to 2 days. The action is based on a decrease in peripheral resistance without a change in cardiac output.

Side effect: drowsiness, drying of the mouth, impaired coordination, possibly a negative effect on the immune system and cause complications in the form of hepatitis or myocarditis.

Contraindicated during pregnancy and liver disease. Drugs belonging to the clonidine subgroup have a similar effect, with the difference that the hypotensive effect does not manifest itself immediately: after the administration of the drug, a sharp jump in pressure is observed, then a gradual decrease and the effect persists for up to 3 days.

These drugs used for immediate response in case of a possible stroke or other complications associated with hypertension. When taking tablets, the improvement of the condition appears after 30 minutes, intravenously - up to 5 minutes. Side effects are the same as from methyldopa.

Caution must be shown with clonidine, because when it is canceled, an abstinence syndrome is often observed, manifesting itself in tachycardia, agitation and anxiety. Cancellation is made gradually over several days. Clonidine leads to death in combination with alcohol.

Contraindications: depression, acute heart failure, alcoholism and atherosclerosis of the coronary and cerebral vessels.

• Peripheral alpha receptor blockers reduce the total peripheral resistance, increase the venous bed, relax the walls of blood vessels, reducing hypertension. Therapy is prescribed for at least 2 weeks, since their hypotensive effect begins to appear no earlier than 7-8 days.

The advantage over other drugs that lower blood pressure is a meager list of side effects: dizziness, headaches.

• Beta blockers- drugs that specialize not only in lowering blood pressure, but also in cardiovascular pathologies: angina pectoris, arrhythmia, etc.

Their similarity to endogenous catecholamines allows them to neutralize their negative impact on the cardiovascular system. Hypotensive effect, prevention of tachycardia, prevention of hypertension due to stress or excessive physical exertion. Also used to prevent myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias due to hypertension.

Beta blockers are categorized into non-selective (propranolol, obzidan) and selective (cordanum, talinolol). Applicable for long-term use, subject to the correct dosage, which is prescribed after careful examination.

Side effects: sleep disorders, weakness and decreased performance, the appearance of atrioventricular blockade, withdrawal syndrome, accompanied by tachycardia, cardialgia, stress and headaches with a sharp discontinuation of the drug.

Contraindications: sinus bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, gastric ulcer, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure.

• Blockers of α- and β-adrenergic receptors.
  They reduce peripheral resistance, reduce renin resistance in the blood, and normalize cardiac output.

characteristic preparations subgroups are considered as follows: labetolol, trandate, albetol.

Quick Action: when administered intravenously, the effect appears after 2 minutes. Contraindications: pregnancy, atrioventricular block and lung disease.

Peripheral vasodilators

Such drugs are divided into 3 types:

1. Arteriolar peripheral vasodilators (PV): hydralazine, apressin, diazoxide, hyperstat. They help to reduce the total peripheral resistance, but cause a homeostasis reaction, which partially neutralizes the effect of the drug. The sympathoadrenal system begins to activate renin.
2. Mixed vasodilators: isosorbide dinitrate, sodium nitroprusside. They act by dilating blood vessels. The negative effect is the additional expansion of the veins, reducing the volume of blood returning to the heart, leading to stagnation of blood.
3. PV soft action: papazol, dibazol, papaverine,. Until recently, it was used in emergency care in cases of hypertensive crises and was included in the list of necessary drugs in ambulances. Drugs cope with isolated cases of hypertension, but do not cure it.

Let's take a closer look at the drugs, their side effects and contraindications:

• Hydralazine has side effects in the form of headaches, tachycardia, angina pectoris may develop. Contraindications: SLE, hepatitis, stomach ulcer.
• Diazoxide has the property of lowering the pressure within 2 minutes, but has the form of release only in ampoules.
• Nitroprusside sodium increases stroke volume, lowers pre- and afterload. Rapid action is used to eliminate hypertensive crises or acute left ventricular failure.

calcium antagonists

The hypotensive effect of these drugs is based on their ability to block the flow of calcium ions into the muscles of the heart and arteries, due to which they relax. They also serve as prophylactic agents for blood circulation disorders.

Side effects: dizziness, weakness, headache, swelling of the extremities.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Drugs specializing in the suppression of the production of renin by the kidneys, which contributes to an increase in pressure.

Their ability to improve peripheral circulation and dilate coronary vessels makes them effective in the treatment of concomitant cardiac disorders.

They are prescribed for heart failure and past heart attacks. Contraindicated in renal failure, hyperkalemia.

You will find a big one here.

Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (ARBs)

Due to the similarity in their effect on blood vessels with the effect that ACE inhibitors have, these drugs are often prescribed instead of the latter, with individual intolerance to their constituents by the patient.

Possible combinations of different classes of pressure tablets

Antihypertensive drugs have different effects on the body and have different side effects.

For greater efficiency, and sometimes in order to reduce the negative impact on the patient's health, such funds are prescribed in the following permissible complexes:

Pills for pressure during pregnancy

Despite the fact that high blood pressure- a phenomenon common in women during pregnancy, and complications are dangerous not only for the expectant mother, but also for the fetus.

The appointment of antihypertensive drugs is approached with extreme caution and only after attempts to lower arterial parameters in all sorts of other ways: diet and adherence to the regimen, folk remedies.

If all the means are exhausted, and they did not give a hypotensive effect, drugs from the following list are carefully administered, but mainly intravenously, and not in the form of tablets:

• Nifedipine applied for rapid pressure relief in emergency situations.
  It is used only intravenously, since resorption of the tablet can drastically lower arterial parameters, which will inevitably lead to disturbances in placental blood flow. The hypotensive effect occurs in 30-40 minutes.
• Clonidine preparations are prescribed in dosages not exceeding 0.6 mg per day.
• Diazoxide is dangerous possible side effects: increased blood sugar, fluid retention in the body and inhibition of labor.
  Therefore, the drug is administered intravenously only in cases of hypertensive crises in a small dosage - 15-45 mg. The effect comes in 5 minutes.
• Sodium nitroprusside dangerous by possible intoxication of the fetus with cyanide products, therefore it is used extremely rarely as an emergency drug, only in cases of ineffectiveness of all other means. Assign intravenously through a dropper. The effect occurs within 2-3 minutes. Dosage: per 250 ml of glucose 0.25 mcg.
• labetalol intravenously. There have been cases of distress in the fetus, as well as bradycardia in the newborn. Contraindications: bronchial asthma, heart failure. 25-50 grams are given as a bolus.
• Hydralazine is more harmful than labetalol and nifedipine. It is dangerous with possible heartbeat disorders in the fetus and an excessive drop in pressure in the mother. There is also a risk of developing eclampsia.

Prices for drugs

• Clonidine (active ingredient - clonidine) - 26.2-32.4 r.
• Moxonidine - 136–161.08 r.
• Moxonitex - 290–391.8 r.
• Physiotens - 245.6–304.9 p.
• Albarel (active substance - rilmenidine) - 161.35-271 rubles.

A short list of antihypertensive drugs in alphabetical order

• Acridilol;
• bisoprolol;
• Valsartan;
• Hydrochlorothiazide;
• Quadropril;
• Lotensin;
• metoprolol;
• Niperten;
• Prestarium;
• Trandolapril;
• Furosemide;
• Hortil;
• Eprosartan.

Folk remedies for pressure

Along with the above drugs, there are a number of folk remedies that help keep blood pressure normal. Their action extends only to the early stages of the disease or its mild forms.