Why eyesight is falling and what to do to improve it. Vision has fallen sharply: causes, symptoms, necessary diagnostics Poor vision has become what to do

Today, more and more people turn to ophthalmologists with complaints of visual impairment. This problem is becoming more acute every day and does not lose its relevance. Vision deteriorates not only in the elderly, but also in young people, and even in children. Every year there is a tendency to more and more rejuvenation of this vice. Patients are getting younger every year.

Not surprising, because in this digital age, the workload is increasing. Tension at work, stress only grows, and the time for proper rest is reduced. Hygiene of vision today is completely ignored. A person works at a computer all day, and in the evening he relaxes watching a movie or favorite program in front of a TV or at a computer.

It is possible to recognize the pathology in a timely manner, and take the necessary measures, only if you know the main symptoms that may manifest as a decrease in vision.

ICD-10 code

H53 Visual disturbances

The risk group includes primarily people whose professional activities are related to working at a computer. In second place are people whose work requires a high concentration of attention, as well as a high level of concentration of vision. These are people who work with small objects, with magnifiers, microscopes. The third group includes people working in enterprises. Where there is a large load on the eyes, where there are a large number of irritating factors. For example, people working with flashes, bright lights, sudden changes in light, welding. People who are forced to deal with poisonous and toxic chemicals, dust, and fumes are also at risk.

The risk group includes people who once underwent surgery on the eyes, suffering from diabetes, cervical osteochondrosis. People who constantly take certain medications, as well as those suffering from nervousness, mental illness, and brain pathologies. For example, people taking isoniazid are at risk of losing their sight quickly.

Read about other common causes of visual impairment in this article.

Signs of impaired vision

The first and main symptom is hard to miss. A person cannot see the image that he needs, or the object. When reading, the letters merge, they cannot be disassembled. If earlier a person saw objects clearly and distinctly, then in case of violation, the image will be blurry, fuzzy, blurry. On distant objects, only silhouettes, common features can be seen.

In this case, it should be noted what type of change is taking place. In some cases, a person sees only those objects that are located far from him, but cannot clearly see those objects that are located near. For others, it may be exactly the opposite: a person sees only those objects that are located next to him, but cannot consider distant objects.

In some cases, a person sees well at night, but cannot see a single object in the daytime. For others, it's the other way around.

Often there are cases when a person does not complain at all about vision when he looks in a straight direction, but is not able to see anything when he looks away, changes position, turns his head. Color perception may be impaired. Sometimes there is poor vision only in bright light, or its lack.

Also, one of the symptoms is tearing and pain that occurs with prolonged fixation, and when a person simply focuses on a certain object for a long time.

The first manifestations should be recognized as a decrease in acuity. A person cannot see the object, the image blurs, becomes fuzzy. Sometimes pain and pain in the eyes can be felt. There may be circles, spots before the eyes. The appearance of such symptoms should immediately alert and become a reason for contacting an ophthalmologist.

A sharp deterioration in vision

Sharply worsen with trauma, damage to the retina, inflammation and swelling of the optic nerve. There are many reasons for acute visual impairment, therefore, when the first signs appear, it is necessary to find out the cause of the pathology as soon as possible and carry out the necessary treatment. Sometimes surgery is required. Only early diagnosis guarantees the success of therapy and a favorable prognosis.

Age-related visual impairment

With age, the eye undergoes age-related changes. The number of light-perceiving cells, enzymes responsible for normal vision, is reduced. Both the retina and the optic nerve undergo degenerative processes.

Decreased vision may occur as a result of the fact that the nerve loses sensitivity, or distorts the signal that comes from the brain. There may be changes in the corresponding part of the brain, which regulates visual processes, is responsible for processing the sound signal and its transformation into a visual image.

Degenerative processes, sclerosis, can also develop against the background of impaired cerebral circulation, as a result of which the retina experiences a lack of oxygen and nutrients, an excess of carbon dioxide of harmful metabolic products.

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Loss of vision in one eye

Age-related changes almost always begin with a decrease in vision in one eye. Only then, after some time, the pathological process extends to the second eye. Also, the reason that the condition of only one eye worsens is an injury, a disease. Often, such pathologies manifest themselves with retinal detachment, damage to the cornea or lens, as well as ambiolipy, strabismus, and vascular thrombus. Similarly, diabetic reticulopathy, which is a complication of diabetes mellitus, can manifest itself.

The deterioration begins with one eye, gradually the pathology spreads to the second eye. When the pathology is not associated with age, the cause may be cerebrovascular accident, trauma, disease. In this case, which eye will be affected depends on the localization of the pathological process. So, if the right vessel of the brain is affected and there is a violation of the blood circulation of the right lobe of the brain, then vision will decrease in the right eye.

Temporary and short-term visual impairment

Often this is not a sign of a permanent disease, but a temporary, short-term pathology.

The main reason is overwork resulting from prolonged exposure to irrational loads. In medicine, they use the term asthenopia. It is observed in people who are forced to work at a computer for a long time, drive a car. Especially if it happens at night.

Many hours of watching TV, reading in low light, in transport when moving, in the wrong position leads to overwork of the muscle. What causes pain and tearing. Gradually, changes occur in the muscle, it weakens. The image becomes blurry, a veil appears before the eyes, clouding. All this happens along with dizziness.

Eye fatigue and blurred vision

Overexertion and fatigue occur during prolonged work at the computer. Chronic eye fatigue is an occupational disease of people who have to spend a lot of time working at a computer. Their blinking frequency first decreases, then the eye ceases to be properly moistened. First, a feeling of eye fatigue appears, then vision worsens, first in one eye. Gradually, the pathology spreads to the second eye.

The best treatment and prevention of fatigue is rest, during which you need to perform eye exercises, light eye massage (palping). It is necessary to regularly use moisturizing eye drops, use protective computer glasses, take vitamins.

The main elements that support normal vision are blueberries and lutein. These measures should become daily for people engaged in intellectual activities. Against the background of eye fatigue, headaches can develop, a drop in the level of general well-being.

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Memory and vision impairment

Memory usually deteriorates with degenerative and sclerotic processes in the brain. Various departments may suffer, including the department responsible for normal vision and the functioning of the eye analyzer.

Visual impairment after 40-45 years

After 40 years, senile degenerative processes begin to develop in the eyes. With senile vision loss, the lens is no longer able to change the curvature at the required level, it loses its natural elasticity. There are several stages.

The first stage is presbolia (a temporary phenomenon, mainly in people aged 30 to 40 years). They experience periodic drops in visual acuity, which occur mainly with overwork, stress, against the background of exacerbation of chronic diseases. These recessions may not last long. Vision is restored to normal after the impact of cutting-in factors is eliminated. This stage is characterized by the fact that partial loss of vision can be easily compensated for with bright lighting. The first sign of such a pathology is the inability of a person to read a standard font from a comfortable distance for him. Also, when looking from a distant object to a close one, the image blurs.

The second stage is typical for people aged 40 to 50 years. These people develop permanent, sustained visual impairment. There is a gradual decrease in visual acuity. At first, a person can only see objects at a short distance. Then he clearly sees only silhouettes until the object approaches at a fairly close distance.

After 65 years, a violation of the accommodation of the eye develops. The ability of the lens to adjust the curvature of the lens lens to the needs of the human eye practically disappears. This is due to the fact that the lens gradually loses its elasticity and changes its curvature. It also indicates a loss of tone. The muscle is unable to control the curvature of the lens.

Pain in the eyes blurred vision

It develops with various inflammatory and infectious processes of the cornea, mucous membrane of the eye. This often happens with conjunctivitis, damage, trauma, eye burns.

Hearing and vision impairment

With pinched nerves, osteochondrosis, inflammation and infections, congenital pathologies of the brain, a decrease in hearing and vision develops. Often, recovery requires special therapy aimed at normalizing brain function.

Decreased near vision

If a person sees poorly near, but has good vision at a distance, this makes it possible to diagnose his farsightedness. This disease refers to the inability of the eye to normal adaptation at close range.

In medical practice, the official diagnosis sounds like hypermetropia. The disease implies that the image will be formed outside the retina.

This is an unnatural condition of the eye. Acquired farsightedness is considered as a pathological process, which is formed as a result of exposure to various adverse factors, with non-observance of visual hygiene.

An increase in intraocular pressure is often a complication of pathological farsightedness.

Intermittent blurred vision

Vision may periodically deteriorate with fatigue, against the background of chronic stress, nervous strain. Periodic visual impairment is observed in people who suffer from neuropsychiatric diseases, neurosis, as well as in those whose professional activities are related to working at a computer, eye strain. As a rule, after proper rest, stress relief, vision is restored. Also, a noticeable improvement in vision is observed after performing gymnastics for the eyes, breathing and relaxing exercises.

In some cases, intermittent blurred vision may indicate the onset of a serious eye, brain, or nervous system disorder. Therefore, it is necessary to undergo an examination as soon as possible and determine the cause of the pathology. This will make it possible to prescribe the necessary treatment in a timely manner, to prevent the further development of the pathology.

Also, periodic visual impairment can be a sign of approaching senile degenerative processes in the retina. Typically, this periodic decline begins at the age of 30-40 years. This is the first stage of senile transformations. The first sign is the inability to read at the usual distance and the blurring of objects.

Visual impairment in the morning

Vision may worsen in the morning in people suffering from hypotension. Low pressure reduces vascular tone and disrupts the normal supply of oxygen and nutrients to the retina. Vision may fall in the morning in a pregnant woman with a pathology of the organ of vision, which indicates reduced pressure and a change in the level of hormones in the blood. A similar condition can also develop with cervical osteochondrosis and other pathologies of the spine, especially with pinched blood vessels and nerves.

Convulsions and blurred vision

Seizures are a powerful spasm during which blood vessels and nerves are pinched. This leads to circulatory disorders, hypoxia and impaired nervous regulation. Changes in vascular tone. As a result, there may be a violation of the activity of the analyzers, including a decrease in vision.

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Visual impairment during pregnancy

An ophthalmologist's consultation is one of the mandatory consultations for a pregnant woman. If a problem is found, the doctor prescribes the necessary treatment. It is especially dangerous if dystrophic processes occur in the eye, the retina is broken, there are ruptures or detachments. Pathology can be eliminated by the procedure of laser coagulation. When a retinal detachment occurs, surgery is required.

Consultations are held due to the fact that pregnancy is often accompanied by the appearance of flies, circles, light, blurred vision occurs, silhouettes are distorted, they become blurry. Strabismus is often observed. Ophthalmologists advise resorting to caesarean section for myopia with more than 6 diopters. Below this threshold, natural delivery is quite acceptable. However, the number of indications for caesarean section includes pathological processes that occur with myopia. This includes retinal detachment. A caesarean section is performed if a woman has only one sighted eye, and with a previously operated retinal detachment.

Visual impairment in children

In children, vision often deteriorates as a result of a weakening of the eye muscle. Today, more and more students with reduced vision. Violations are observed even at preschool age. Two-thirds of children leave school with vision loss. At the stage of receiving post-secondary education, every second student has a visual impairment.

Today, there are many ways to correct vision. Laser vision correction opens up huge prospects for children. But the operation is contraindicated before the age of 16. But besides surgical methods of correction, there are many ways to maintain and restore. It is necessary to perform special exercises aimed at training the eye muscle, relaxing tense areas. This contributes to the restoration of vision, prevents further deterioration.

It is also important to observe the rules of eye hygiene. The child should study only at the desktop, must maintain the correct distance between the eyes and the book or notebook. Timely correction is very important for a child, since the development of vision pathology in childhood entails serious mental problems. The child may develop an inferiority complex, the child becomes withdrawn, stops communicating with peers, is shy. This is reflected in the further development and performance of the child.

It is also important to eat right, observe the regime of work and rest. The diet should include the required amount of nutrients, vitamins and trace elements.

Stages and types

Visual impairment occurs in three stages. The first is presbolia, during which a periodic, temporary decrease in vision develops. Usually this happens with overwork, stress. If you have a good rest, perform gymnastics for the eyes, vision can be restored. Also, with exacerbations of various diseases, vision loss is possible.

At the second stage, there is a periodic decrease in vision, which becomes relatively stable, occurs on an ongoing basis. At the same time, a person does not see well at certain times of the day, blurring of the image develops. A person sees only silhouettes, but cannot see a detailed image. Sometimes double vision develops. Usually this condition occurs during the day, during work, constant workload. During rest, holidays, the condition improves markedly.

In the third stage, permanent visual impairment occurs. The accommodation of the eye is disturbed, the muscle becomes atonic, the curvature of the lens and its elasticity change markedly. Vision during rest n changes, remains still low. It is almost impossible to recover without special therapy.

Deterioration of lateral vision

Peripheral vision refers to its type, in the formation of which the peripheral structures of the brain are directly involved. It gives a person the opportunity to navigate in space, to perceive white light well. Provides visibility within an angle of 120 degrees. Allows you to consider an object when reflective light from it hits the peripheral parts of the eye. The development of pathological phenomena leads primarily to the appearance of non-functioning areas. The patient perceives black spots in front of him, or certain areas simply fall out of sight. A narrowing of the visual fields is quite a common phenomenon. This is one of the main signs of a violation of the lateral structures.

Often a small island appears before the eyes. A person gets the impression that he cannot see the whole world, but we look at it through a telescope. Observing only those areas that are directly in front of the eyes. This phenomenon is known to science under the concept of tunnel vision. Often, peripheral vision is impaired as a result of injuries to the vessels of the eye, inflammation, stratification, which has rather serious consequences. Often, peripheral vision is impaired as a result of a neoplasm, mechanical or chemical damage, disease, inflammation, in which areas of the brain responsible for innervation are damaged.

Deterioration of peripheral vision

This is a type of vision in which perception occurs with the help of peripheral structures of the eye - the most important components of the eye. Represented by fixed indicators for each person. Quite often there is a partial loss of visual fields. Such areas are called scotomas. There are physiological (natural) scotomas and pathological ones that occur with visual impairment. With this form of pathology, a person, for example, can read normally, but is not capable of orientation in space. If peripheral vision is impaired, it is important to diagnose the disease as soon as possible and start treatment, otherwise it will progress, up to loss of vision. For diagnostics, you need to visit an ophthalmologist, or a neurologist. Basically, the conclusion of both specialists is required.

To detect deviations, the perimetry method is used. There are 2 varieties of this method: kinetic and static. Despite the fact that these methods are used quite widely, they are still considered obsolete. For research today, the method of computer perimetry is increasingly being used, which allows for the most accurate diagnosis of pathology using special programs.

Diagnostics

In order to diagnose changes in the visual organ, it is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist. He will conduct an examination, check visual acuity, prescribe the necessary laboratory and instrumental studies. The goal is to determine the cause that provoked the decrease in vision. If several diseases have similar manifestations, and it is impossible to determine the exact cause, differential diagnosis is carried out. Only then can the necessary treatment be prescribed, aimed at eliminating the cause and correcting the damage that has occurred.

Analyzes

To determine the overall picture of what is happening in the body, a clinical analysis of blood and urine is required. Clarifying results can be obtained using a biochemical blood test. A special diagnostic is also carried out, aimed at examining the organ of vision.

If a bacterial infection is suspected, a bacteriological culture of the lacrimal fluid, the contents of the conjunctival sac, can be performed. If necessary, biomicroscopy is performed.

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Instrumental diagnostics

The basis for the diagnosis of visual impairment are instrumental technologies. A complete picture of what is happening can be obtained by measuring the productivity of the lacrimal glands. For this, the methods of computerized keratotopography and echobiometry are most often used. Pachymetry measures the angle of curvature and thickness of the cornea.

An almost universal method that provides basic diagnostic information is the study of the fundus. In parallel, examine the optic nerve head. According to the indications, the value of intraocular pressure is measured. The determination of the refractive capabilities of the eye, the measurement of visual acuity, and ultrasound examination of the eye can be carried out.

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Vision correction methods

With the help of spectacle correction, various complex vision pathologies can be corrected, such as astigmatism, hypermetropia, myopia. Also, glasses can eliminate farsightedness, prevent strabismus and reduce its severity. Glasses are very effective, but have certain disadvantages. They significantly limit the field of view, create obstacles for some types of work, and are the cause of many inconveniences when playing sports.

Lenses are preferred by people for whom their appearance is important. The method is also quite effective, but has many side effects and contraindications. So, lenses can not be worn with the development of inflammatory and infectious diseases in the eye, with a tendency to conjunctivitis. Contact lenses increase the risk of bacterial, protozoal, and fungal infections. A big disadvantage is the violation of the normal air circulation in the eye, respectively, the gas and material exchange is disturbed. Modern ophthalmology can offer a new generation of lenses that are breathable.

In the early stages, massages are performed, gymnastics for the eyes, which allow you to normalize blood circulation, increase the contractile activity of the eye muscle.

Hardware techniques allow you to practice on special installations that train your eyes. Exercises are performed under the supervision of an instructor. Can be done with or without glasses.

In many cases, the problem can be corrected only if the underlying disease that causes the decrease in vision is eliminated. For example, if a tumor is the cause of vision loss, it must be urgently removed, then special antitumor therapy should be carried out. If the cause is inflammation of the optic nerve, it is necessary first of all to remove the inflammatory process.

Complications

If visual impairment is not treated, the situation will only get worse. Vision does not recover on its own. The disease may progress to complete blindness. Also, visual impairment can be a sign of serious diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, tumors and inflammation of the eye. They may aggravate to the point where treatment is not possible.

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Prevention

For the prevention of visual impairment, hygiene requirements must be observed when working at a computer, during hard work. There are special computer glasses that prevent visual impairment. Designed for those who have to spend a lot of time at the computer.

Every 2 hours you need to take mandatory breaks of 10-15 minutes. At this time, it is advisable to perform general physical exercises or gymnastics for the eyes. You can simply look out the window for a while in order to switch your eye to far vision.

Green is good for the eyes. It helps to relax tense eye muscles. Therefore, it is necessary to keep green plants in the workplace, to which you should periodically switch your eyes. You can put a green card in front of you, which you need to periodically look at without taking your eyes off for 5-10 minutes.

It is necessary to ensure that the food is complete, contains a sufficient amount of vitamin and carotenoids, see Useful and harmful foods for vision. Good sleep is important. The optimal duration of sleep ranges from 6-8 hours. Both excessive sleep and its lack negatively affect not only the quality of vision, but also the state of the body as a whole. Also, for prevention, it is necessary to take special vitamin complexes designed to restore vision and maintain the normal functioning of the eye.

Forecast

Visual impairment is a serious problem, the resolution of which requires considerable effort. Need therapy, observance of hygiene of vision. You need to exercise regularly, do exercises for the eyes. This is the only way to achieve positive results. If no measures are taken, the prognosis will be unfavorable, since vision does not recover on its own. The disease can only progress.

We receive more than 80% of information about the world around us through the eyes. Therefore, when vision deteriorates, many people start to panic. It will be possible to answer the question of why vision is falling only after a thorough diagnosis by an ophthalmologist. In this article, we will only consider the most common causes of visual impairment.

How to understand that vision is falling?

Presbyopia.

So called age-related farsightedness, which develops in people over 45 years old. Its main cause is the loss of the lens of its elasticity and ability to change shape. As a result, the refractive power decreases, and it becomes difficult for a person to distinguish small print, to see objects located nearby. As changes in the lens progress, visual acuity without proper correction may decrease from year to year.

Astigmatism.

With this refractive error, the light rays are collected not in one, but in several foci, due to which the image doubles or becomes blurry. The cause of astigmatism is the broken sphericity of the cornea or the curved shape of the lens. This ailment can be aggravated by myopia or farsightedness, in which case visual impairment becomes even more obvious. To correct astigmatism, special toric lenses are needed.

Is your vision reduced due to eye disease?

Various ophthalmic diseases can be the reason why vision deteriorates.

Cataract.

One of the most dangerous diseases that without adequate treatment leads to blindness. It is an irreversible clouding of the lens that most often occurs in older people. If your central vision deteriorates and you look at the surrounding objects as if through a veil, this is a serious symptom indicating a cataract. The danger of the disease is that early symptoms may not be noticeable, because clouding begins with the peripheral regions of the lens and does not affect the optical zone for some time. However, the disease is constantly progressing and without treatment, vision will inevitably deteriorate.

Retinal detachment.

Another serious disease, dangerous complete loss of visual function. If vision has deteriorated in only one eye, flashes or sparks flash before the eyes, a veil effect has appeared, these may be symptoms of retinal detachment.

Diabetic retinopathy.

In diabetes, the functioning of the eyes is impaired and so-called diabetic retinopathy occurs. With this disease, the capillaries of the retina are affected, and the eye tissues do not receive the necessary blood supply. A sharp drop in visual acuity or its complete loss in one eye indicates irreversible changes in the functioning of the visual system.

Keratitis.

This is an inflammatory disease of the cornea that causes it to become cloudy and can result in loss of the eye if not treated appropriately. With keratitis, vision deteriorates as a result of a decrease in the transparency of the cornea. With early diagnosis, keratitis can be effectively treated, and then the visual function will be fully restored. If therapy is started late, an eyesore may remain.

Glaucoma.

The most dangerous disease leading to the destruction of the optic nerve and ending in blindness. Vivid symptoms of progressive glaucoma are a decrease in peripheral vision, a gradual expansion of the affected area and limited visibility. At risk for the development of glaucoma are people over 60 years of age; those who have increased intraocular pressure; patients with diabetes mellitus, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular diseases. Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness in the world, so if you notice a deterioration in peripheral vision or other symptoms, you should immediately contact an ophthalmologist.

Macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration of the retina is a lesion of the macula - the central zone of the retina, which leads to a gradual loss of vision. With this pathology, a person's perception of the shape, size, color of surrounding objects is disturbed. For example, a table leg may have an uncharacteristic shape and differ from the other three. When viewed from a different angle, one distortion disappears, but another appears. Also, for macular degeneration, the perception of objects in a reduced form is characteristic, flashing dots or luminous dashes may appear before the eyes. Sometimes visual acuity with such distortions may remain normal. With wet macular degeneration, retinal detachment can occur, and then vision deteriorates sharply, and a veil appears before the eyes.

This is not a complete list of dangerous eye diseases that affect vision. However, it is dangerous to make diagnoses without having a medical education. Only an experienced doctor can accurately answer the question why you began to see worse.

Bad eyesight is a reason to see a doctor

In addition to refractive errors, ophthalmic diseases, there are many other reasons why vision deteriorates. In any case, when the first symptoms appear, you should definitely consult an ophthalmologist.

The specialist will carry out diagnostic measures, establish the exact cause of vision problems and prescribe adequate treatment. In many cases, early diagnosis helps to save the situation, stop the progression of dangerous diseases, and correct existing disorders.

What to do if vision falls? The objects will be blurry, the inscriptions are not legible, this causes great inconvenience.
In order not to lose sight at all and restore the lost one, it is necessary to determine the reason why it suffers.

Is there any problem? Enter in the form "Symptom" or "Name of the disease" press Enter and you will find out all the treatment of this problem or disease.

The site provides background information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious physician. All drugs have contraindications. You need to consult a specialist, as well as a detailed study of the instructions! .

What to do

Treatment and preventive measures

If a decrease in visual acuity is detected, it is necessary to start treatment in time. In the absence of diseases, prevention of visual impairment is necessary.

Otherwise, irreversible processes may begin, and visual ability can be completely lost.

At the initial deterioration, you should consult a doctor. He will examine you and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Medicines prescribed by a doctor must be taken on time. It will be eye drops, different vitamins or a change in diet.

In addition to taking medication, you must follow the rules:

Give rest to your eyes more often, do not sit in front of the computer for a long time;
Read only while sitting, instead you can listen to audio books;
Do exercises for the eyes, it will take no more than 10 minutes a day;
Reconsider your lifestyle, walk more and eat only healthy food;
Sleep at least 7 hours a day, during which time the eye muscles will recover from overstrain;
Drink vitamins A, B2 and E;
Fight bad habits: smoking and alcohol.

Observing simple rules, visual function can be preserved for a long time.

Simple and effective gymnastics

To improve the sharpness of vision, eye gymnastics is performed every day.

It is important to do it with eye fatigue: after reading books or working at a computer.

Close your eyes tightly and then open them wide. Repeat 5 times with an interval of 30 seconds.
Work with eyeballs up, down, right, left. Repeat 3 times every 2 minutes. Repeat the same with closed eyelids.
Make circular movements with the eyeballs, first with open eyelids. Then repeat with closed. Exercise to do 3 times with an interval of 2 minutes.
Blink quickly for a few minutes a day.
Close your eyelids tightly for a few seconds, then open. Repeat at least 5 times.
It is good to have a bright picture or a large photograph on the wall opposite your computer. From time to time you need to be distracted from the monitor and look into the distance a bright spot in the form of a picture.

Types of visual impairment in adults

Loss of vision can be a medical, social problem.

It falls in the elderly, recently and in very young people. Many people suffer from farsightedness, nearsightedness, cataracts and glaucoma.

Types of visual disorders:

Myopia is poor vision of objects at a distance. The greater the degree of the disease, the worse the person distinguishes objects that are in the distance. More often, this type of deterioration occurs in people who spend a long time near computer screens.
Farsightedness - objects are blurred near, at a distance.
Astigmatism - with this violation, objects look blurry. Often accompanied by farsightedness or nearsightedness. A complication will be strabismus.
Presbyopia - close objects will be blurry. More often suffer people older than 40-45 years, otherwise presbyopia is called "age-related farsightedness."
There is no need to start worsening, as eye fatigue and headaches may appear.
Amblyopia - with this form, a one-sided drop in vision can be observed, which can turn into strabismus. The cause will be a congenital defect of the eyeball.

The negative impact of the computer

There are a number of reasons that affect visual function, based on them, it is necessary to select a treatment method.

One of the main reasons for the decrease in visual acuity is the constant presence near computer monitors and TV.

The computer affects the ability to see:

With a constant presence near the monitors, the eye muscles stop working. If you constantly look at the screen, the muscles that regulate the work of the lens weaken and become sluggish. This happens with any muscle, even if there is no weak load.
Being near computer screens, too bright light hits the retina, usually there is complete darkness around. You should work at the computer at least in low light.
The eyeball is always in moisture, and because of the constant presence near the monitor, the eyes blink less often, becoming dry.

Unilateral visual impairment

A decrease in visual acuity is fraught with its complete loss. It can decrease due to various diseases. For example, in connection with diseases of the optic nerve.

With obstruction of the retinal vessels, which often occurs in people with high blood pressure and heart disease, one-sided partial or complete loss of vision can occur.

With trauma to the psyche and increased nervous excitability, there is also a risk of visual disturbances.

Another cause of a unilateral decrease in acuity is a hemorrhage in this eye. This can happen due to trauma or pathology of the vessels of the eyeball, for example, in diabetes mellitus.

With optic neuritis caused by infection, retinal detachment occurs, leading to unilateral visual impairment.

Diet affects eye health. Each type of pathology has its own approach to nutrition.

Vitamin A. For example, with "night blindness" the eyes are prone to the appearance of barley or inflammation of the cornea. For treatment, you need to eat foods rich in vitamin A, such as carrots. It can be consumed fresh, grated and seasoned with sour cream, or stewed with onion and cream.
Calcium. Eat foods high in calcium, such as cottage cheese, herbs, and cheese.
Vitamin B1 and C. The vitamin is found in blueberries. If you eat a handful of berries a day, it will help restore visual acuity. You can use fresh or frozen berries, it is useful to eat blueberry jam.
Bitter chocolate. This product contains flavonoids that help strengthen the cornea and protect blood vessels. But chocolate with additives is not suitable for treatment.
lutein. It is found in large quantities in spinach. Its use will reduce the risk of cataracts.

At any age, you need to take care of eye health, because if you skip treatment and do not start prevention, you can completely forget about clear images around you. Following simple rules, doing exercises, changing your lifestyle, against the background of treatment, you can save your vision for a long time.

Why vision may deteriorate after laser correction

In connection with the emergence of new technologies, it became possible to get rid of visual problems with the help of laser correction. But, as with every innovation, there are both opponents and fans of this technology. Many complain that after the operation the ability to see again falls. But you should blame yourself for this. Since doctors, on the contrary, are interested in maintaining their reputation.

Before the operation, a series of examinations are carried out to determine whether it is possible or not for a person to make a correction. There are a number of diseases in which there is no point in performing an operation, there will be no effect from it. These are glaucoma, cataracts, arthritis, retinal detachment and corneal thinning.

After the correction, a temporary deterioration is acceptable, but still it disappears after rehabilitation.

If patients complain of impaired vision some time after correction, the reasons will be:

There are serious reasons that were not eliminated by the operation. Correction is aimed at improving vision, but not at all to eliminate these causes.
Before the operation, you must correctly follow all the recommendations of the doctor. It is necessary to give up contact lenses, alcohol and cosmetics for a week before the operation.
After the operation, you must follow the recommendations of the doctor. During rehabilitation, eye loads, physical activity are prohibited - it is forbidden to visit pools, saunas, baths. During sleep, lie only on your back.
With a successful operation, worsening is possible, but this is a temporary phenomenon, and it quickly passes.
Of course, a medical error is not excluded, you must immediately consult a doctor and report all your complaints.

Constantly falling vision, how to prevent it

There are several reasons for the constant loss of vision. The ability to see depends on the state of the lens, retina, and eye muscles.

The reason may be that people spend a lot of time in front of a computer monitor or reading books. From a long focusing of the gaze on the written texts, the eye muscles get tired and weaken. From what the lens loses the ability to adapt to changes in the distance to the image. To prevent this from happening, you need to take short breaks and do eye exercises. For example, alternately focusing your eyes on near and distant objects.
The second reason is the aging of the retina. The retina contains visual pigments. Over time, these pigments are destroyed, and then vision deteriorates. You need to eat foods high in vitamin A. These foods include: carrots, meat, milk, eggs, blueberries.
The next cause of visual disturbances is poor blood circulation in the retina. Since the retina is responsible for the quality of vision, it requires constant blood circulation. To prevent any deviations in the retina, it is necessary to contact an ophthalmologist at the first ailment. For good blood circulation, the doctor will prescribe you a special diet and drugs that help keep the retina in good shape. Steam rooms, saunas and other things that raise eye pressure should not be abused.
Eye-strain. For them, bright lighting is dangerous, staying in dark rooms also significantly impairs vision. In bright light, protect your eyes with dark glasses and do not read in a darkened room. It is impossible to read in transport, because when moving, it is impossible to fully focus on the text.
The mucous membrane plays an important role. If there are problems with the lacrimal glands, then this also affects visual acuity. If a person has dry eyes, then you need to use special drops.

If you experience symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The image of familiar objects became blurry and not clear. These will be: a shop sign, a regular bus number.
The faces of people are blurred, and it seems that they are in a fog.
Flies or black dots appear in the visual field.
Pain in the eyes.

When working with a computer, you must adhere to the rules:

Organize your workspace properly. Place the monitor so that the lighting falls on it from the left side, the distance from the eyes to the monitor is from 60 to 70 cm.
The size of the text should be such that it is comfortable to read without straining your eyes.
Take breaks every 20 minutes. Try to relax or take a walk.

Decreased vision after 40 years

There is an opinion among people that after 40 years the body begins to show diseases that only exist. But these are all myths. If a person takes care of his health, then even after 70 years he will feel good. What can not be said about vision.

Everyone is well aware that its sharpness depends on the retina and the ability of the lens to refraction. Over time, he loses his property and can no longer instantly focus on a particular subject. The eye muscles lose their elasticity and can no longer hold the lens well in the desired position.

A person has farsightedness, which is called age-related. And those who suffer from myopia hope that thanks to this, after 40 years they will be cured of their disease on their own. But in this they are greatly mistaken. Nearsighted people, on the contrary, have even more problems than before. One of these problems can be a retinal tear, which can be stitched with a laser. But to prevent this from happening, it is better to regularly come to the examination to the ophthalmologist.

In order to stop the deterioration of vision at least a little, you need to consider a few rules:

Wear eyeglasses prescribed by an ophthalmologist.
Correct with lenses. To do this, a lens is put on one eye. And it turns out: one eye for range, the other for close range.
And take vitamins.

Effective eye vitamins

Many vitamins are found in fruits, vegetables and other foods. But there are times when products are not always available. Pharmacies sell vitamins in tablets:

Vitamins "Lutein Complex" is a product of Ecomir. They are taken 3 times a day for a long time.
Vitamins Optics is a product of the company with the same name. The course of taking vitamins is not less than 3 months.
Vitamins for the eyes Dopelherz Active is a product of Dopelhertz, these vitamins must be used consistently.

In addition to these vitamins, there are many more similar drugs. These drugs can be taken at a time when vision has deteriorated, for the prevention of health.

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Decreased vision can occur due to age, due to infectious diseases or hereditary factors. With a decrease in visual acuity, wearing corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses) is indicated, as well as treatment using various conservative and surgical methods. If you suspect that your vision is deteriorating, it is important to see a doctor in time.

Steps

How to identify symptoms of decreased visual acuity

Notice if you are squinting. You may be squinting your eyes to get a better look at something. People with poor eyesight often have various pathologies of the shape of the eyeballs, the structure of the lens or cornea is disturbed. These disturbances block the light beam from reaching the retina properly, resulting in a fuzzy image. When a person squints, he narrows the beam of light, which increases the clarity of vision.

Pay attention to headaches. Headaches can be caused by eye strain, which in turn is caused by stress and high visual load. Increased eye strain often occurs while driving a car, working at a computer, watching TV for a long time, reading and other activities.

Look out for double vision (diplopia). Diplopia is two images of the same object. Double vision can occur in one eye or both. Diplopia may be due to an irregular shape of the cornea or diseases such as cataracts and astigmatism.

Note the appearance of halos. A halo is a bright circle surrounding a light source (most often a car headlight). Usually such halos appear in the dark (for example, at night or in a dark room). Halos can be caused by nearsightedness, farsightedness, cataracts, astigmatism, and presbyopia.

Pay attention to different highlights. Glare is caused by a light source directed into the eyes, which spoils the perception of the image. Glare usually occurs during the daytime and can be due to nearsightedness, farsightedness, cataracts, astigmatism, or presbyopia.

Notice blurry and blurry vision. Blurring and loss of visual acuity affects the clarity of vision. Blurred vision can occur in one eye or both. This is the main symptom of myopia.

Note night blindness (gameralopia). Gameralopia is a disturbance of vision at night or in a dark room. This condition is usually aggravated when a person leaves a bright street light and enters a dark room. Night blindness can be caused by cataracts, nearsightedness, exposure to various medications, vitamin A deficiency, retinal defects, and congenital anomalies.

Find out if you are farsighted. Farsightedness is the blurry vision of objects at close range. The cause of farsightedness is a shortening of the eyeball or insufficient curvature of the cornea.

Identify the symptoms of astigmatism. Astigmatism occurs when the light beam does not hit the retina properly. Astigmatism causes objects to become blurry and elongated. The reason is the wrong shape of the cornea.

Look out for signs of presbyopia (senile vision). Usually this disease develops at an older age (after 35 years). With this disease, it is difficult to focus on an object and see it clearly and clearly. Presbyopia is caused by the loss of flexibility of the lens and its thickening.

See a doctor

Get tested. Visual impairment can be diagnosed with several tests and a complete eye examination. This study includes several aspects:

Ophthalmic tests are designed to determine visual acuity. One of them goes as follows: the patient is placed at a distance of several meters in front of a special tablet in which letters are written in rows. In each line, the letters are different in size. The largest letters are located on the top line, and the smallest - on the last. With the help of such a test, the doctor checks your distance vision (depending on the line that you see and can read correctly)
Another part of the survey is determining the color spectrum that you see.
Take a cover test to assess your binocular vision. This test measures how well you see with both eyes. Your doctor will ask you to focus on a small object with one eye while covering the other eye. With this test, the doctor will be able to understand whether the eye has to reorient its gaze in order to see the object. If you really have to change focus in order to see the subject, you may have lazy eye syndrome, that is, the eye is very tired.
Test to check the condition of the eyeball. To determine the condition of the eyes, the doctor will conduct a special test with light. You will be asked to place your chin on a special stand and look through a small hole in the apparatus through which the light will go. This test is necessary to examine the outer part of the eye (conjunctiva, cornea, iris), as well as the internal structure of the eye (retina and optic nerve).

Get tested for glaucoma. Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure and can lead to complete loss of vision. Glaucoma is tested by injecting a small amount of air into the eye and measuring intraocular pressure.

For examination, you need to expand the pupils. This is required for many tests. To dilate the pupils, you need to put special drops in your eyes. This is done when screening for diabetes, high blood pressure, macular degeneration, and glaucoma.

Wait for the test results. A comprehensive eye examination takes about 1-2 hours. The results of most tests are reported immediately after the examination, but the doctor may prescribe additional studies. If you are scheduled for an additional examination, ask your doctor about the time of the examination.

Find out if you need glasses. Testing is carried out by determining refraction. The doctor will offer several options for lenses, and you will need to choose those in which you see objects most clearly. This test measures the severity of nearsightedness, farsightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism.

Treatment

Wear glasses. Vision problems are primarily associated with the inability of the eye to focus beams of light on the retina. The lenses are able to redirect the beam of light so that it properly hits the retina.

Wear contact lenses. Contact lenses are small lenses that are placed directly in front of your eyes. They "float" on the surface of the cornea.

There are many options available today. For example, for many, daily lenses (that is, disposables) are the best option, while others prefer to wear reusable lenses.
Many manufacturers produce contact lenses in different shades, designed for different types of eyes. Please consult with your ophthalmologist to choose the right lenses for you.

Vision can be corrected with the help of surgical methods of treatment. Glasses and contact lenses are a conservative method of vision correction, but today surgical methods have become very popular and widespread. There are several types of surgery, but the most common are laser correction LASIK (LASIK) and PRK.

Find out if you need drug therapy. In most cases, farsightedness, myopia, presbyopia and astigmatism are not treated with medication. If you have been diagnosed with a more serious condition, your doctor will prescribe medication (eye drops or tablets). If you still decide to resort to surgical methods of treatment, contact an ophthalmologist for more detailed information.

If you feel that your vision is deteriorating, do not delay - consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Stick to your doctor's advice.
Learn as much as you can about your condition.
If surgery is the best option, ask your doctor about the timing and recovery period.
If your doctor recommends conservative treatments, learn about the side effects of medications.
Check your eyes regularly. It is recommended that you have your eyes checked every 2-3 years if you are under 50. If you are over 50, you should have your eyes checked every year.
It is important to learn about your genetic predisposition. The sooner you can detect signs of vision loss, the better.
Stick to a healthy diet. Include in your diet foods that contain nutrients that are essential for eye health. For example, foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins C and E. In addition, foods such as cabbage and spinach have a positive effect on eye health.
Take care of your eyes. Always carry sunglasses with you. Umbrellas will also help protect your eyes from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Warnings

Take into account any health problems you have. In some cases, decreased vision is associated with other medical problems.
Find out if you have more serious diseases that affect vision: neurological disorders, diabetes, autoimmune diseases (myasthenia gravis, and so on).
Do not drive or operate any mechanical devices if you suspect you have vision problems.

What will you need, Portugues: Perceber se Sua Visao Está Desgastada, Deutsch: Feststellen, ob deine Sehkraft nachlässt, Francais: savoir si votre vue baisse Bahasa Indonesia: Mengetahui jika Mata Anda Memburuk

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If a person's vision deteriorates, then there are two groups of visual impairments that can cause such an effect.

The first group is refractive errors. That is, there are problems with the fact that the light rays, having passed through the lens, are focused on the desired area of the retina. This group includes:

Myopia is true nearsightedness. It turns out when the eyeball grows unevenly and is too long. As a result, the rays of light cannot converge normally at one point, and vision begins to fall. Primary myopia is observed in children, progressing no longer than up to twenty years. If the deterioration is observed (or manifests itself for the first time) later, it can be caused by hormonal failure, infection or spasm of the eye muscles, due to which the eyeball, again, is deformed.
Children's farsightedness. In this case, the problem is that the eyeball is too compressed, short, and the focal point of the light is, as it were, behind the retina. It is observed in children, as a variant of the norm - gradually their eyes grow and the problem goes away.
Age-related farsightedness. It is caused by problems with the lens - it loses its elasticity and cannot focus the rays. It is observed in people over forty-five - either due to an abundance of work that requires eye strain, or due to illness.
Astigmatism. The reason for this pathology is in violation of the shape of the eyeball. Because of this, the rays of light entering the eye are focused at several points at once, and as a result, a person does not see either far or near.

The second group of disorders is a variety of eye diseases:

Glaucoma. One of the most dangerous diseases, which often develops rapidly and ends in blindness. The reason for it is increased eye pressure, due to which the vessels are compressed and oxygen starvation begins, followed by tissue degradation.
Cataract. Opacification of the lens, which begins imperceptibly, but gradually worsens and can lead to complete blindness. It is most often observed in older people due to changes in the structure of eye tissues, but it can also be congenital.
Retinal detachment. It is the result of a lack of oxygen, develops quickly and can lead to loss of vision. Among the specific symptoms are flashes of light that the eye perceives, but which are not in reality.
Diabetic retinopathy. Due to problems with the circulatory system, the eyes do not receive enough oxygen and the tissues in them begin to degrade.
Keratitis. Inflammation of the cornea, which is accompanied by the appearance of ulcers on it. Gradually leads to blindness, accompanied by pain.

With most eye disorders, the loss of vision goes unnoticed by the patient, as it progresses gradually. The best way to identify them at an early stage is to undergo preventive examinations by an optometrist every year.

Causes of vision loss

Diseases cause a drop in vision - it changes due to the degradation of blood vessels, due to problems with the lens, due to deformation of the eyeball. However, no disease develops on its own - they all have factors predisposing to development.

In the case of eye disorders, these are:

Lack of activity of the eye muscles. Light passes through the lens, the rays fall on the retina, which sends signals to the brain - and the person reads the image. But in order for the rays to be focused, the lens must move, becoming either flatter or more convex. And for this, the eye muscles must work. If they do not work (a person is used to looking at a monitor or a phone screen for hours), then they gradually lose their tone and ability to change the position of the lens. This is how farsightedness often develops.
Deterioration of blood circulation. Oxygen enters the tissues with blood, and the tissues of the eye are very sensitive to its lack. Therefore, if a person has problems with the circulatory system, sooner or later he will have problems with his eyes. The reason may be diabetes, bad habits, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure or thrombosis - the effect is always the same.
Eye-strain. Severe fatigue can provoke muscle spasm, due to which the lens will “jam” in one position. Plus, the retina suffers from stress and the blood vessels are partially compressed.
Dryness of the mucous membrane. Occurs due to fatigue, the eye seems to be “blurred”. As a result, vision temporarily falls, and if this is repeated often, then keratitis may develop.

The cause of the disease may be hereditary diseases or genetic predisposition. It is because of them that vision usually falls in children.

Interestingly, even before a full-fledged disease develops in a person, his vision will fall temporarily. This can be noticed, for example, after working at a computer all day - in the evening, when the eyes are dry and tense, vision usually falls, and returns to normal in the morning. But if nothing is done, one day the problem will become really serious.

Visual impairment during pregnancy

Visual impairment often occurs during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. And in some cases, women simply cannot adequately assess their own condition due to concomitant anxiety.

The best way to make sure that your vision is not falling due to pregnancy is to go to the doctor.

Modern recovery methods

In the modern world, a huge number of ways to restore vision have been invented, even if the problem is serious enough and has already developed into a full-fledged disease. For example:

myopia, farsightedness and astigmatism, depending on the causes, are corrected either surgically or with the help of glasses and lenses, if a person does not have enough funds, has contraindications, or is simply afraid of surgery;
cataracts are also treated surgically - the clouded lens is cut out, and a thin plastic lens is inserted in its place, which, although not able to focus depending on the level of illumination, still stops the fall in vision and compensates for the problem at least partially;
glaucoma is treated either conservatively or surgically - in the first case, if the pressure in the eye can be reduced by simple methods, in the second, if the pressure grows rapidly, uncontrollably and there are no other ways to contain it;
retinal detachment is also treated surgically;
but diabetic retinopathy is compensated as conservatively as possible, since the cause predisposing to its development cannot be removed;
keratitis is treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, and quite successfully.

The most dangerous are glaucoma and retinopathy - it is not always possible to remove their causes, therefore, even surgery does not always help. Everything else is either treated or compensated quite successfully, especially if you do not delay going to the doctor.

Of course, there are many more reasons why a person can lose sight than in this short list, but the rest are less common - and are also treated quite successfully.

But if the problem is not yet in the disease, but in the fact that the eyes get tired, dry up and move too little (and this is the problem of most modern people who are used to spending most of their time at the computer), surgical correction and medication will not be required. It will be enough to make a certain amount of effort: do exercises for the eyes, drip moisturizing drops into them and include foods that are good for vision in the diet.

The simplest set of exercises for the eyes looks like this:

close your eyes tightly, and then open your eyes wide;
blink quickly;
look up, down and to the sides without turning your head, close your eyes and repeat;
rotate the eyeballs - first with open eyelids, then with closed ones;
stretch out your hand and look at the index finger, and then look at something in the distance;
stand at the window - look first at a dot on the glass, and then at something far away;
stretch out your hand, look at your index finger, move your hand from side to side, then lower it without changing the direction of your gaze.

Charging should take about five minutes and be repeated several times a day. Its main purpose is to increase muscle tone and improve blood circulation. If discomfort begins to appear during the process, you should consult a doctor.

Eye drops

An optometrist should prescribe eye drops. Usually their purpose is to moisten the mucous membrane so that it does not dry out and, accordingly, vision does not fall.

Folk remedies for oral administration

The best remedies that traditional medicine advises to correct falling eyesight are a variety of juices and decoctions full of vitamins and nutrients. For example:

juices from pumpkin, carrots, blueberries - preferably freshly squeezed;
nettle and apple juice - freshly squeezed, mixed in a ratio of 1: 1;
drink from chicory, parsley, carrots and celery - squeeze everything, mix in equal proportions and drink half a standard glass once a day;
decoction of parsley - take parsley root, pass through a meat grinder, add honey and a little lemon juice, mix and take a teaspoon before meals.

Additionally, traditional medicine advises to drip blueberry juice into the eyes (but this is a dubious remedy), as well as to make contrasting lotions, for which you need to dip cotton swabs in turn into hot and cold water, and apply to the eyes.

Healthy foods

And, of course, it will be useful to include in your diet foods that are rich in vitamins and can improve blood circulation. It:

blueberries - you can eat it just like that, and in the form of jam, and in the form of juice, and even drink concentrated tablets;
carrots - rich in vitamin A, you can eat it raw, grate it with sugar, drink juice or make jam;
pumpkin is an excellent healthy ingredient from which you can make soups, cereals, desserts, jams and even candied fruits;
broccoli, onion, garlic, spinach, fruits, fish, cottage cheese, real dark chocolate.

It is important to remember that if the decrease in vision is really serious, you need to see a doctor, and not self-medicate with a diet.

Prevention

To prevent serious vision problems, you need to:

exercise without allowing the muscles to relax and the eyes to get too tired - this is especially true for people who work at a computer or watch TV for a long time;
there are products useful for vision - in any form;
avoid dry eyes and use moisturizing drops;
visiting an optometrist once a year for a preventive examination is the best way to notice a drop in vision at the very beginning and quickly deal with the cause.

It is necessary to treat diseases in time, maintain chronic diseases, if possible, in remission, monitor your condition, know why vision can deteriorate at all, and refrain from bad habits. And, of course, if something goes wrong, immediately consult a doctor, and not hope that the problem will go away somehow by itself.