Preparations with antiseptic action. The best antiseptic. What is an antiseptic

In medical practice, the most relevant and common measure is the disinfection of rooms, surgical instruments and directly individual parts of the human body. This involves the use of special tools. In this article, we will provide detailed information about what an antiseptic is.

Definition of measures with the use of antimicrobial agents

Methods of sterilization and disinfection play a fundamental role in the performance of various medical manipulations. Knowledge about this constitutes the main sections in training in obtaining a medical education. To understand what an antiseptic is, you first need to understand what an antiseptic and asepsis are.

Asepsis is a set of preventive measures that prevent the appearance of pathogenic microorganisms. Thanks to them, the patient receives reliable protection from the introduction of infectious pathogens into open wounds, as well as organs, tissues and other cavities of the body. Asepsis is mandatory for diagnosis, surgery and microbiological studies.
Antisepsis is a complex suppression or destruction of organisms that pose a potential hazard to the patient's health on mucous membranes, damaged skin and cavities.

There are two sources of infection:

Exogenous. The reason for the penetration of microbes are external factors. When pathogens enter from the outside, medical workers resort to asepsis.
Endogenous. The infection is in the human body. In this case, the main role is given to antiseptics.

Antiseptics

Since we are going to dwell on the means by which the treatment is carried out aimed at the destruction of bacteria, it will be appropriate to learn about the types of antiseptics.

Preventive. It consists in the implementation of the following actions:

Treatment of fresh open wounds.
Hygienic processing of hands.
Disinfection of the operating surface.
Preventive measures in newborns, for example, treatment of an umbilical wound.
Processing the hands of surgeons before surgery.
Antiseptic of mucous membranes and skin infections.

Therapeutic. Antiseptics in medicine are used for their intended purpose. Each type of treatment has its own means. Here is their list:

Biological (tools developed on the basis of antagonist bacteria and bacteriophages).
Chemical antiseptics (bacteriostatic and bactericidal preparations).
Mechanical antiseptics (the use of solutions for the initial treatment of wounds and after removal of infected tissue areas).
Physical method (sorption, drainage, surgical treatment).
Combined.

The type of antiseptic, which is mentioned last, is most often used in medical practice for the reason that one method of treatment is not enough. What is an antiseptic in the aggregate? Let's see how this happens, using the example of treating a fresh wound.

Along with surgical techniques (chemical and mechanical), biological antiseptics are carried out. To have a direct effect on the pathogen, tetanus toxoid or antibiotics are administered. After first aid, a physical antiseptic is immediately prescribed, which implies physiotherapy procedures.

The role of bactericidal agents

It is logical that in order to carry out antibacterial treatments, substances capable of defeating harmful bacteria should be found. An antiseptic is a means that prevents decomposition processes and destroys putrefactive microorganisms. Preparations developed for this purpose are classified according to therapeutic actions:

Bacteriostatic inhibit the growth of infectious pathogens.
Germicidal destroy pathogens.
Microbicides contribute to the destruction of viral particles.
Antibacterial agents prevent the growth of bacteria.

The action of antimicrobial agents

Such substances penetrate the walls of bacterial cells, affect their cell membranes. This either inhibits the metabolic processes of microorganisms, or changes the permeability of their cell walls. Antiseptics are designed to inhibit or correct the growth of pathogenic microbes in living tissue areas. Thanks to them, the risk of infection and the development of infection in humans and animals is reduced.

When prescribing an antimicrobial drug, the patient is sampling the causative agent of the disease and checking its sensitivity to the agent. When choosing an external antiseptic, the natural reaction of microbes at the site of application of the antibacterial liquid is recognized.

Belonging of antiseptics to a chemical group

Inorganic substances include alkalis, acids, peroxides. Separate elements are also used here: chlorine, silver, copper, iodine, zinc, bromine, mercury.

The organic group of synthetic substances includes derivatives of phenols and alcohols, quinolines, alkalis, aldegins, acids, nitrofurans and dyes.

Bioorganic antiseptics are products obtained from natural objects. Lichens, fungi and some plants can serve as biological raw materials.

Petroleum products, essential oils, tar and natural salts have also proven to be effective antiseptics.

All of the above chemical and biological substances act as medicines and can be used at home.

Chemicals popular in medicine

Phenol is the most common agent used to treat the hands of surgeons before surgery. It is part of other antibacterial drugs. The tool is able to defeat viruses and is prescribed for rinsing the mouth and throat. Phenol in powder form is used to treat navels in babies. In addition, it has an analgesic effect.
metal-containing compounds. A distinctive feature of these substances is their selective and specific action. They have a toxic effect on bacteria, and are gentle on the human body. Because of these properties, they are used to treat sensitive organs. Mercury oxycyanide serves as a disinfectant. Optical instruments are treated with its solution. Wash the eyes and mucous membranes with silver nitrate.
Halides. Alcohol tincture of iodine is used as an antiseptic for the skin before surgery and venipuncture. Iodopyrone and iodonate are also widely used. Chloramine is an effective wound antiseptic because it contains active chlorine. A solution of sodium hypochlorite is irrigated and washed with contaminated open foci.
alkalis. From this group, ammonia solution (10%), sodium borate and ammonia are used for external treatment.
Oxidizers. Purulent wounds are washed with hydrogen peroxide during dressing, and lotions and rinses are also made. The solution does not penetrate the tissues, it is used for decaying cancerous tumors and bleeding of the mucous membranes.
Dyes. Brilliant green has a pronounced antimicrobial effect. In medicine, an antiseptic is used to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. Zelenka well cleanses purulent skin lesions, abrasions, oral mucosa, superficial wounds.
aldehyde compounds. An aqueous solution of formalin (40%) is used to disinfect medical instruments, gloves, and drains. A weak solution (4%), treat items for patient care. Dry formaldehyde powder is used to sterilize optical instruments. It is able to destroy bacteria and their spores within 5 hours.
Acids. The boric acid solution prevents the growth and reproduction of many types of bacteria. It is used to treat ulcers, wounds and rinses in the mouth.

The best remedy

During the discussion, we found that doctors and their patients have many drugs at their disposal, each of which has a specific effect on bacteria. It is not possible to say that any of them is the most effective. We will try to highlight several criteria by which the best antiseptic is determined, according to its qualities. Firstly, a worthy remedy has either a good bactericidal effect, aimed at the death of microorganisms, or bacteriostatic, contributing to the cessation of their reproduction. Secondly, it must be environmentally friendly and not have side effects on the human body. Thirdly, the drug is considered to be of high quality if it has a wide range of positive therapeutic effects. It is also necessary to take into account whether the antiseptic will dissolve in lipids. The antimicrobial activity of the drug should not decrease during the period of resistance of the body, for example, in the presence of physiological and pathological substrates.

Important factors when choosing a product is the price and a guarantee for the safety of its antibacterial properties.

Preparations

Sprays are very easy to use. Antiseptics of this type do not create unnecessary difficulties when applied. Some preparations are commercially available in large containers that allow the use of a spray bottle. The most common medicines include the following: "Chemetic", "Panthenol", "Eco Breeze", "Octenisept", "BioLong", "Desisprey", "Combi Liquid", "Medonika".

Antiseptics in the form of an ointment are represented by the following preparations: Hexicon, Rescuer, Betadine, Levomikol. As well as ointments: salicylic-zinc, boric, tetracycline and ichthyol.

It is important to know that many external antiseptics contain antibiotics that can provoke allergies. This must be taken into account when choosing a drug.

Natural antiseptics

Many medicinal herbs have a disinfecting effect. Succession, tangerine oil, aloe vera, knotweed, lime, thyme are distinguished by good bactericidal properties. They are used in folk medicine, as well as in the development of pharmaceuticals.

Pharmacy tinctures: calendula, chamomile, eucalyptus leaves.
Oils: juniper, frankincense, eucalyptus, lime and tea tree.

A decoction of buckthorn helps in the treatment of boils and eczema. Flax seeds are used for sores in the mouth.

Other applications

It was found that recently the bacteria have adopted traditional methods of disinfection, and their reproduction has accelerated significantly. To prevent infection with fungal and viral infections, high-quality chemicals are used in hairdressing salons. Below is a brief description of some of them.

Antiseptic spray "Bacillon AF" is active against standard viruses. It is used for express processing of surfaces and tools. Use this remedy with caution, as it dries out the skin and causes peeling. Ingredients: ethanol (4.7%), propanol-1 (45%), glutoronic aldehyde (45%), propanol-2 (25%).

"Aerodesin". The alcohol-containing spray is intended for an accelerated processing method. After irrigating objects, the product is left on the surface for about 30 seconds. With prolonged use, a gray coating appears on the instruments. Ingredients: didecyldimethylammonium chloride (0.25%), protanol-1 (32.5%), ethanol (18%). According to the instructions, the antiseptics mentioned above are not used for processing medical instruments.

The latest innovation is sprayable hand sanitizers. They can be used in any public places and on the street. As a rule, they are available in bottles with a dispenser that is easy to carry around.

Widespread use of antiseptics is observed in construction. They protect wooden structures from the appearance of blue, cracks, insects, and serve as the main layer for painting. Antiseptic agents penetrate the wood and form a film on the surface that protects against future damage.

antiseptic- This is a substance that is used in medicine and everyday life with the aim of completely destroying pathogenic microflora or delaying its reproduction. There are a lot of such drugs on the pharmacological market. They are systematized according to various criteria, ranging from the strength of the impact on microorganisms and ending with the scope. So what are antiseptics, what are their types and applications? Are antiseptics in medicine and everyday life the same thing, or is there a significant difference? Let's figure it out.

What is an antiseptic for?

The word "antiseptic" is Greek in origin and in direct translation means "against putrefaction". In medicine, an antiseptic is one of the methods of disinfection, which involves the impact on pathogenic microorganisms by various influences: physical, chemical, mechanical or biological. The action of such a substance should lead to the complete destruction or cessation of the development of bacterial, fungal, microbial microflora.

In order for a pathogenic microorganism to develop and multiply, it needs a special environment and conditions. For example, the presence of oxygen and moisture, as well as stable temperature indicators, are important for the bacterial flora. Antiseptics in medicine is a common name for all disinfecting tools that give the desired result. They are classified according to different indicators.

Types of antiseptics

Mechanical, allowing you to clean the wounded surface and non-viable tissues. This means washing the surface with a purulent formation, cleaning the bottom of the wound, excising its edges.
Chemical antiseptic techniques are used to treat wound infection, as well as for preventive purposes. Such antiseptic solutions are considered detrimental to microorganisms.
Biological - this is the largest group of drugs. This includes, for example, vaccinations. Their action also extends to microbial cells, affecting its toxins. Such disinfection further enhances the protective functions of the body.

In a separate species, the simultaneous use of several drugs as an antiseptic is distinguished. This group is also quite common. So, for treating a wound, doctors use several methods of antiseptics - mechanical (external surface treatment) and biological (keeping tetanus toxoid).

Each species under itself implies a huge number of different ones. They are used:

for the treatment or prevention of infectious suppuration;
for disinfection of the premises and tools;
dual application.

Antiseptics are used in medicine, depending on what effect they are designed for - internal or external. For external use, preparations are usually in the form of ointments, sprays, lotions, rinses, etc. Antiseptics for oral administration (in most cases, these are antibiotics) are available in the form of tablets, powders, sometimes rectal suppositories.

Each antiseptic has instructions for use, which clearly indicates how it should be used. If the package says "For external use", then this drug should never be swallowed. Even if it is used to rinse the oral mucosa, it should be spit out.

Classification of antiseptics

Classification of antiseptics. Photo: acs-nnov.ru

At its core, an antiseptic and disinfectants, as well as agents that have a bactericidal effect, are one and the same. They are detrimental to pathogenic microflora or create conditions for the impossibility of its development and existence. It has already been said that the systematization of such drugs can be carried out according to different criteria. Consider some of the main classes into which antiseptics are divided in medicine, and dwell on their types in more detail.

According to the direction of action, antiseptics are distinguished:

antiviral;
antibacterial;
antifungal.

From this classification, it becomes clear which pathogenic microflora the agent has an effect on. The antiseptic by its action is directed to a living cell. Depending on the mechanism of the negative impact of the drug on its structure, they are classified:

on drugs of direct action, in which the antiseptic effect occurs on the destruction of any of the structural components of the cell or on its vital processes;
on means of indirect influence, in which more attention is paid to the immune response of the human body to infection.

The effectiveness of such funds also depends on many factors:

on what concentration the solution;
from the duration of the influence of the antiseptic on the affected area;
on how sensitive the pathogenic microflora is to the drug used as an antiseptic;
from temperature indicators, as well as the chemical components of the environment in which the processing takes place.

As you can see, there are quite a few classifications. All disinfectants may fall under one of them, but in medical practice, grouping by chemical composition is most often used. According to this classification, an antiseptic by its combination of chemical elements can fall into one of the following groups:

halides;
acid;
oxidizers;
alcohols;
alkalis;
salt;
resins, tar, oil products;
plant substances.

The most famous for a simple layman are such antiseptics as (brilliant solution), methylene blue. This is a separate group - dyes. Disinfection with them is usually associated with the skin for the treatment of wounds. Let's look at some other groups in more detail.

Halogen group

Classification of antiseptics. Photo: molaviajar.com

Chloramine, iodine solution, Pantocid act as an antiseptic of this chemical class.

Chloramine is a product that contains up to 20% active chlorine. This antiseptic looks like a powder (yellowish in color) that exhibits a subtle smell of chlorine. A solution is prepared from it, which can be used to wash wounds, apply moistened wipes on them. They also disinfect hands and medical instruments.
The iodine preparation is obtained from seaweed. These are well-known antiseptics in medicine: and, as well as potassium and sodium iodite,. The first drugs are used as an effective antimicrobial agent for mucous membranes and wound treatment.
Pantocid are tablets containing 3 mg of active chlorine. They are most often used in a diluted form for the treatment of hands and medical instruments, a 0.15% solution is used to treat wounds, and 0.72 liters of water are disinfected with 2 tablets.

acids

Classification of antiseptics. Photo: pinterest.es

The list of antiseptics of this group is also very impressive. The most common is easily soluble in alcohol and hot water. In a percentage of up to 5%, it is used as an external antiseptic, in a more concentrated form (up to 10%) it can be used in ointments or pastes. Salicylic alcohol is considered a powerful bactericidal and anti-inflammatory agent. It is recommended to use it for rubbing if the skin suffers from rashes. On sale there are a large number of powders, pastes containing salicylic acid.

It is also very often used as an antiseptic. You can meet her in the form of an additive to petroleum jelly, in Taimurov's paste, an alcohol solution.

Oxidizers

is the brightest representative of this group. It occurs in two preparations: a water-based solution and a concentrated substance. Both of them have a transparent appearance and a slight specific smell. Its action is based on such a chemical effect, in which gaseous oxygen is produced under the influence of peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is used in the treatment of wounds and mucous membranes.

Hydroperit is an antiseptic in the form of tablets, which contains urea in its composition. They dissolve in water. The drug is used for the same purpose as the first indicated drug from the group of oxidizing agents.

Potassium permanganate or potassium permanganate are dark-colored crystals that dissolve in water. It is used as an antiseptic treatment in douching, gastric lavages in case of poisoning, for rinsing the mucous membranes.

Other groups

Classification of antiseptics. Photo: www.uhs.ae

Ethanol, propyl and isopropyl alcohol in concentrations from 60 to 90% are alcohols in terms of their chemical composition. They are used as an effective antiseptic for the skin. Most often used in medical practice for the treatment of the epithelium before infusion and other interventions. What applies to antiseptics of the alkali group? This is the well-known ammonia, sodium borate, bicarbamint. The first two preparations use hand treatments in surgery. Bicarbamint, like boric potassium, can be used for rinsing mucous membranes, washing wounds as an antiseptic.

A preparation containing salts of heavy metals can also be used for disinfection. The antiseptic of this group is dangerous enough to treat a wound or skin. When working with it, you should follow the rules of caution. Most often, it is used to disinfect linen, room walls, etc.

mercury dichlorite;
mercury monochloride;
copper sulfate;
zinc oxide, etc.

Many have heard that ointments and creams are made from tar and refined products, which act as disinfectants. These drugs include: ASD, naphthalene ointment, Sulsen, etc.

Use of antiseptics

The use of antiseptics. Photo: grouplimas.eu

Under the concept of "antiseptic" lies not only the medical part of this issue. Disinfection and antiseptic effects of certain substances are also used in various industries. In the food industry, they are often used in the form of preservatives that help the product stay fresh longer and not spoil. Everyone knows acetic acid, which is the main antiseptic in canning. She is also included in the list of antiseptics.

Disinfectants are actively used in the construction industry. They are found in large quantities in varnishes and paints. Their action is aimed at the destruction of saprophytic bacteria. There is also a wood preservative, which shows a powerful fight against mold, rot and other processes, increasing the life of wood.

Use disinfectants and housewives in everyday life. Antiseptic solutions can be found in products for washing bathroom accessories, dishes, floors, etc. If you bought a household cleaning product with the inscription “has a bactericidal effect”, this means that some kind of antiseptic is included in its composition. The skin of the hands when working with such products must be protected. Some of them require mandatory ventilation of the room or careful removal after use. All precautions are indicated on the packages and must be followed.

Some popular antiseptics in medicine can be used in everyday life. For example, well-known solutions for the treatment of hands. They are used as emergency hygiene - as a way to stop the transmission of pathogens in society. Also, everyone in the house has iodine or brilliant green, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, which we use as antiseptics in case of a minor injury to the skin.

Antiseptics are also used as a means of preventing the transmission of diseases of the genital area. Their reception significantly reduces or minimizes infection.

Very large. And x use in the treatment of infected wounds, microorganism lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, for the treatment of water and food, for the disinfection of medical instruments, linens, etc.

Antiseptics and disinfectants should have a wide spectrum of action against microorganisms, protozoa and fungi, be characterized by a short latent period of action, high activity, including in the presence of biological substrates. It is important that the preparations are chemically stable and affordable in terms of their production and cost.

For example, before surgery, biopsies, injections, punctures, circulation and bladder catheterization. Active ingredients: polyvidone iodine, iodine. This article is only a pharmacy. For risks and side effects, read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Christian Mayr and a.o. Markus Nagl from the Section of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, recognized by the German Rudolf Schülke Foundation. Every two years, the Rudolf Schulke Foundation in Hamburg awards the Hygiene Prize to scientists who have achieved special problem solutions in the fields of hygiene, microbiology and preventive medicine.

Important requirements for antiseptics are the absence of a local negative (for example, irritating) effect on tissues, minimal absorption from the site of their application, the absence of an allergenic effect, and low toxicity.

Disinfectants should not damage the treated objects (change color, cause corrosion of metals, etc.). It is desirable that they do not have an unpleasant odor.

This is the conclusion of the Innsbruck working group led by Professor Nagl, who excelled at the university. Section of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology. Honey is one of the oldest foods known to mankind, there are records of its consumption by the Greek mathematician Pythagoras in 585 BC. Brazil is the 9th largest food exporter in the world.

Honey is also one of the most studied herbal substances in the world and is extremely rich in medicinal properties. Its best known functions are anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and mucolytic - it dissolves mucus in the airways, helping with phlegm.

A common criterion for evaluating the activity of antiseptics is the so-called phenol coefficient(the ratio of the concentrations of phenol and the test antiseptic, in which the substances have the same antimicrobial effect).

The mechanism of action of different antiseptics and disinfectants is not the same and may be associated with protein denaturation, impaired plasma membrane permeability, inhibition of enzymes important for the life of microorganisms.

In addition to being delicious food, it has antiseptic properties, heals and also invigorates. Its minerals are easily assimilated and contribute to the maintenance of the skeleton - with calcium - and the regeneration of the blood - with iron, says native Maximo Asinelli.

Check out some interesting facts about honey. During honey production, bees add an enzyme called glucose oxidase, ensuring that a small amount of hydrogen peroxide is constantly being formed in the sugar in the food. Thus, honey acts as a kind of disinfectant, preventing inflammation and favoring the restoration of new tissue in place.

Classification of antiseptics and disinfectants (by chemical structure)
1. Detergents Tserigel, Rokkal and others.

2. Nitrofuran derivatives Furacilin (furazolidone)

3. The phenol group and its derivatives Pure phenol Resorcinol Birch tar

4. Dyes Brilliant green Methylene blue Ethacridine lactate

Those with lazy guts can bet on this food to help the body. Honey contains soluble fibers that increase involuntary bowel movement, functioning as a bowel regulator and aiding in digestion. Fifty years ago, it was not uncommon for women to take care of their beauty with homemade products. Honey, which has strong moisturizing and healing properties, was among the favorites. Today, it is still a great ally of beauty, whether in homemade masks or as a staple in cosmetics.

5. Halogen compounds Chlorhexidine Chloramine B Alcoholic iodine solution, etc.

6. Metal compounds Mercury dichloride Mercury yellow oxide Silver nitrate Copper sulfate
Zinc oxide Zinc sulfate
7. Oxidizers Hydrogen peroxide solution Potassium permanganate

8. Aldehydes and alcohols Formaldehyde solution Ethyl alcohol

According to professor of cosmetology Mauricio Pupo, honey has a great ability to fight the dryness of the upper layer of the skin and has a long-lasting effect. The hydration is so intense that it improves the appearance of wrinkles, and the enzymes it contains make it a powerful antioxidant that helps reduce collagen degradation in the skin, he says. Honey, which can be found in markets and pharmacies, is easy to buy and great for making a homemade mask once a week.

Here's the basic recipe: After exfoliating your skin lightly with soap, apply a layer of pure honey on your face and let it act for an hour. After this period, remove the product. Contraindicated for children under the age of one year. In search of a more natural way to sweeten juices and teas, mothers choose honey, unaware that consumption of the product is contraindicated for infants who have not yet reached one year of age. The recommendation comes from the National Sanitary Inspection Agency. Maisa Helena de Aguiar Toloni, a researcher at the Federal University of São Paulo with almost 300 parents, found that 73% of them offered honey to their children at this stage.

9. Acids and alkalis Boric acid Ammonia solution

Detergents , or cationic soaps, have detergent and antiseptic properties. They affect many bacteria and fungi. One of these drugs is cerigel. It contains a cationic detergent - monoquaternary ammonium salt of cetylpyridinium chloride, as well as polyvinyl butyral and ethyl alcohol. Rokkal, which has a pronounced surface activity, also belongs to this group. It is a monoquaternary ammonium salt. Detergents are used to treat the surgeon's hands, sterilize instruments and equipment. At normal concentrations, they do not cause tissue irritation.

The danger lies in the microorganisms that may be present in the food. "Before the first year of life, the child's immune system is not mature enough," says the nutritionist. She also warned that including sweet tastes at this age will lead a child to develop poor eating habits, which can lead to obesity and diabetes.

There is no need to sweeten baby food. It is recommended to avoid sugar to the maximum, as its introduction into the small diet can predict the rejection of breast milk, the development of cavities and other diseases such as hypertension, he says. Pregnant women and infants should also avoid substance use, as pathogens can pass from mother to child through the umbilical cord or breastfeeding.

Detergents should not be combined with anionic soaps, as this reduces their antimicrobial activity. The action of detergents is also reduced in the presence of organic substances.

An important group of antiseptics are nitrofuran derivatives . These include furatsilin (nitrofural, nitrofurazon). Nitrofurans have a wide spectrum of action. They have a detrimental effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, protozoa.

Against hospital and skin infections. A particular type of honey called Manuka, produced in New Zealand, contains a substance that is toxic to bacteria, making it effective in fighting hospital and skin infections. The study was led by Professor and Researcher Dee Carter of the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney in Australia. The idea is that this variety can replace antibacterial products for sterilization, cuts, insect bites and other skin problems.

Although it is more natural, honey is just as bad for diabetic health as regular sugar. It contains a high amount of carbohydrates, about 12 g for each tablespoon. "It's the same amount of fruit, but absorption is slower in fruits because of the fibers," says Denise Duarte Iezzi, an endocrinologist at Sirio Libane Hospital. "Replacing sugar with honey is of dubious benefit, both are long-chain carbohydrates, absorb quickly," he says.

Furacilin is used mainly externally for the treatment of wounds, skin, mucous membranes, for washing serous and articular cloves. Furacilin is usually well tolerated. Sometimes it causes sensitization, dermatitis.

Phenol group and its derivatives includes many well-known aromatic antiseptics. These include hydroxybenzenes ( pure phenol) and dioxybenzenes ( resorcinol and etc.). Phenol acts mainly on vegetative forms of bacteria and fungi. Phenol solutions are used for disinfection of tools, household items.

It should be borne in mind that toxic phenol, which has a high lipophilicity, is easily absorbed from the skin and mucous membranes. and causes poisoning!

Resorcinol inferior to phenol in antiseptic action. In low concentrations, resorcinol has a keratoplastic property, in high concentrations it is irritating and keratolytic. It is used for some skin diseases (for example, for eczema, seborrhea, etc.), for conjunctivitis.

The goal, as well as the pioneering museum in this action, is to collect honey and sell it or donate it to workers. In the Grand Palace Museum, production is about 50 kilograms. In addition to promoting pollination and the subsequent diversification of local flora, French experts found honey from the rooftops of Paris to be tastier and with fewer impurities. The reason would be the absence of pesticides in the colors of the cities, other than the colors of the fields.

If you have no familiarity with medical terms, or if this is your first time in a pharmacy to take a drug with this property, you may be a little rocky before the antiseptic word. Of course, this seems to seem very difficult, but don't worry about what you think: it is a word derived from the Greek language, or rather from the union of two terms in that language, which are antiseptics, which means against and putrefaction. Briefly, an antiseptic drug, when taken, destroys the bacteria that are responsible for the pathology, or prevents the affected person from decomposing or decomposing.

Part birch tar includes phenol and its derivatives, resins and other compounds. Get the drug by dry distillation of birch bark. Birch tar has antimicrobial, keratoplastic, keratolytic and irritant effects. It is used in the treatment of a number skin diseases and scabies.

Birch tar is one of the components of the balsamic liniment according to A.V. Vishnevsky (Vishnevsky ointment), used in the treatment of wounds, as well as Wilkinson's ointment, prescribed for scabies and fungal skin lesions.

There are also some medicines that, in addition to killing bacteria and germs, are able to prevent them from reforming or preventing their growth. The antiseptic drug, in addition to killing and preventing the proliferation of bacteria in the affected organs, is able to counteract or effectively slow down the action of smaller and more harmful organisms, such as viruses and other microorganisms. An antiseptic property, in addition to bacteria and antivirals, can be found, for example, for many disinfectants that are used by parents to treat childhood injuries when they are badly damaged, or parts of the body - knees and elbows. it's only in the pharmaceutical field: some cleaning products commonly used by housewives are actually antiseptic, so they are able to sterilize surfaces and kill all bacteria found on them, thus avoiding the spread of many diseases dangerously.

To the group of dyes includes a number of compounds with different chemical structures. The most widely used derivative of triphenylmethane brilliant green. Sometimes a phenothiazine derivative is used methylene blue and an acridine derivative ethacridine lactate.

Particularly sensitive to dyes gram positive cocci.

Antiseptics, preparations in which we find

There are many medicines on the market that have antiseptic properties and it is very difficult to make an exhaustive list as every year they hit the pharmacy again. However, among them, five groups can be found that are most commonly used and that are the most common, such as alcohols, biguanides, halogenated compositions, peroxides and boric acids. Alcohols, which are also widely used in surgery, are concerned with the disinfection of the skin without injury, and are primarily composed of ethyl alcohol. Biguanides are also used to treat skin integrity, but are more effective against certain types of bacteria and fungi and are not particularly toxic.

brilliant green is a highly active and relatively fast antiseptic. AT the presence of proteins reduces its effectiveness. Mainly used externally with purulent skin lesions (pyoderma).

methylene blue(methylthionium chloride, methylene blue) is inferior in activity to brilliant green. Apply it externally as an antiseptic, orally for urinary tract infections, and intravenously for cyanide poisoning. The effectiveness in the latter case is explained by the fact that methylene blue (in large doses) converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which binds with cyanides, forming non-toxic cyanmethemoglobin.

Instead, halogenated compositions, which are also found in many hygiene products, while having a low degree of toxicity, are less effective than other antiseptics. Peroxides, being very effective in the treatment of skin diseases, especially in the case of escorts and injuries, it is a fear of children and adults, because they always cause slight pain.

An antiseptic drug can affect the human body in different ways. In general, looking at most of the products that we find in the pharmacy, and many of which can be bought without a prescription, the antiseptic acts on the cell membrane and microscopic organisms that are sensitive to this chemical agent.

Ethacridine lactate (rivanol) dyed yellow. His activity is quite high, but the action develops slowly. Apply it externally and for washing infected cavities (pleura, peritoneum), bladder, uterus.

Halogen-containing antiseptics presented with preparations containing chlorine and iodine. The most active antiseptics contain elemental halogens or release them. One of the drugs that split off chlorine is chloramine B, with antiseptic and deodorizing properties. It is used for disinfection of secretions of patients (for example, with typhoid fever, cholera, tuberculosis, etc.), household items, non-metallic instruments, as well as for treating hands and infected wound surfaces.

Among the effective chlorine-containing antiseptics is a biguanide derivative chlorhexidine(khibitan). He renders antibacterial and fungicidal action. It is applied for treatment of the surgeon's hands, the operating field, wounds, bladder, as well as for the sterilization of instruments. When processing the hands of a surgeon, dry skin and dermatitis are possible.

More specifically, however, an antiseptic can alter the structure of microbial cells, causing them to die or preventing growth, or destroying the permeability of their cell membranes. In the case of ethyl alcohol and other disinfectants, denaturation of proteins can occur within the microorganism, i.e. the loss of the original characteristics and function of the molecule, leading to the neutralization of the pathogen and its death.

Treatment of children in children, adolescents and adults

Superficial disinfection of the skin before small performances. Treatment of severe caries. Tumor removal treatment. In dentures, it is advisable to use Iodisol solution for immersing fingerprints by immersing it in a dilute solution of Iodisol.

In addition, preparations containing elemental iodine include Lugol's solution(consists of 1 part of iodine, 2 parts of potassium iodide and 17 parts of water), used to lubricate the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx in inflammatory processes.

A significant number of antiseptics presented compounds (salts) of metals.

Non-medical use in children, adolescents and adults

Hand disinfection; treatment of minor skin lesions; haze treatment; treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa; treatment after insect bites. Iodizol is a highly effective disinfectant. It is a 3% complex compound solution with a wide range of uses. It has a wide range of effects on proliferating forms of microorganisms, i.e. bacteria, fungi and viruses. Iodine bound in the complex is released in a concentration sufficient for disinfection, but does not damage the skin or mucous membranes.

Mechanism antimicrobial action of metal salts associated with low concentrations blocking sulfhydryl groups of enzymes of microorganisms. At high concentrations, depending on the nature of the metal and the acid residue, the salt concentration, the degree of its dissociation and solubility, various local effects may occur: astringent, irritant, cauterizing (necrotizing).

Local action of metal salts associated with protein denaturation. The resulting albuminates can be dense and loose. In the first case, a film forms on the surface of the tissue, the tissue thickens, inflammation decreases, this picture is typical for an astringent action. With deeper penetration of the substance, irritation of cells and nerve endings occurs. An extreme manifestation is the cauterizing effect of metal salts. The latter is the more pronounced, the more soluble albuminates.

According to the solubility of the resulting albuminates in water and biological fluids, metals can be arranged in the following row: Pb, ... A1, Zn, Cu, Ag, ... Hg.

Lead salts have the most pronounced astringent effect (they form dense albuminates), and mercury salts have a cauterizing effect. At the same time, antimicrobial activity increases in this series from lead to mercury.

As antiseptics, salts of metals located on the right side of the row are of the greatest interest, especially mercury and silver.

From mercury salts The following drugs are used as antiseptics:

a) highly soluble in water mercury dichloride (mercuric chloride)- HgCl 2 ;

b) water-insoluble mercury amidochloride (sedimentary white mercury) and yellow mercury oxide(sedimentary yellow mercury).

Highly soluble and dissociable mercury dichloride has high antimicrobial activity. The drug is used for processing the skin of hands, dishes, rooms, etc. It is not suitable for disinfection of metal objects, as it causes corrosion of metals. AT in the presence of proteins, the activity of mercury dichloride decreases, therefore, the drug is not used to disinfect the secretions of patients containing protein components. It has a pronounced irritant effect, and therefore it can only be used occasionally for treating the skin of the hands. It should also be taken into account that mercury dichloride is very toxic. A complicating point is the ability of the substance to penetrate the skin and mucous membranes.

Mercury oxide yellow most often used with eye infections(with conjunctivitis, keratitis). Mercury amidochloride is usually prescribed with skin diseases such as pyoderma.

Acute mercury poisoning usually associated with accidental or intentional ingestion of mercury dichloride. It is manifested by pain in the abdomen, vomiting, diarrhea (the result of a cauterizing effect on the mucous membrane of the digestive tract), as well as changes in the central nervous system (excitation, followed by depression) and the cardiovascular system (acute heart failure, collapse). After 2-4 days, the symptoms associated with necrotic changes in the kidneys ("sublimate kidney") and the digestive tract (stomatitis, ulcerative colitis) increase. Such localization of lesions is explained by the fact that the main route of excretion of mercury compounds is through the kidneys, as well as the large intestine and salivary glands.

Treatment of acute mercury dichloride poisoning is primarily to prevent the absorption of the drug. For this purpose, the stomach is washed, a solution of the antidote of unithiol mercury compounds (contains sulfhydryl groups that bind mercury) is injected into it. Sometimes activated charcoal, small volumes of solutions of binders, milk, egg white are introduced. Gastric lavage should be carried out with great care, since mercury dichloride damages the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach. Then laxatives are prescribed, as well as siphon enemas with a solution of unitiol. To inactivate the absorbed drug, unithiol is administered intravenously. With mild to moderate severity of poisoning, forced diuresis is effective. In case of severe poisoning, especially in case of impaired renal function, it is necessary to resort to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, carried out against the background of intravenous administration of unithiol and tetacine-calcium (CaNa 2 EDTA).

In case of chronic mercury poisoning (so-called mercurialism ) the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (stomatitis), as well as the central nervous system, hematopoiesis, etc. are affected. Most often this is the result of occupational poisoning associated with work with mercury preparations. In this regard, the first and main measure is to eliminate the source of poisoning. Used as antidotes unitiol, as well as tetacin-calcium, sodium thiosulfate. In addition, measures are taken to accelerate the excretion of the substance from the body, and symptomatic therapy is also carried out.

From silver preparations use silver nitrate (lapis; AgNO 3), protargol ( silver proteinate) and collargol(colloidal silver). They have antimicrobial, astringent and anti-inflammatory effects. They are used in ophthalmology(with conjunctivitis, blennorrhea), for irrigation of wounds, washing the urethra and bladder. In addition, silver nitrate in high concentrations and in sticks is used externally as a cauterizing agent for erosions, ulcers, excessive granulation, and also for trachoma.

They are also used as antiseptics and astringents in ophthalmology. copper sulfate(copper sulfate; CuSO 4 ∙ 5H 2 O), zinc sulfate(ZnSO4). Trachoma uses special eye pencils containing copper sulfate, potassium nitrate, alum and camphor. Soluble salts (copper sulfate and zinc sulfate) can be used to douche the urethra and bladder.

To the group of oxidizers relate hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate; KMnO 4). They have antiseptic and deodorizing effects. The principle of action of both drugs is in the release of oxygen.
When applied to tissues in the presence of proteins, hydrogen peroxide is decomposed under the influence of catalases with the release of molecular oxygen.

H 2 O 2 → 2H + O 2.

However, the oxidizing and therefore antimicrobial activity of molecular oxygen is negligible. More important in this case mechanical cleansing of wounds, ulcers, cavities, which is associated with the release of oxygen bubbles and the formation of foam. Hydrogen peroxide also has deodorizing properties. The drug works for a short time. In addition, hydrogen peroxide helps stop bleeding.

Potassium permanganate in the presence of organic substances splits off atomic oxygen.

2KMnO 4 + H 2 O → 2KOH + 2MnO 2 + ZO.

The antiseptic effect of atomic oxygen is expressed to a greater extent eni than molecular. It provides antimicrobial and deodorizing effects, and the resulting manganese oxide (MnO 2) - astringent. AT high concentrations of potassium permanganate irritant and cauterizing effect.
Apply drug in solutions for rinsing, douching, irrigation of wounds, treatment of burn surfaces, gastric lavage in case of poisoning with morphine, phosphorus, etc.

Some compounds are also antiseptics. from the group of aldehydes and alcohols. One of the representatives of aldehydes is a solution formaldehyde (formalin; contains 36.5-37.5% formaldehyde - HCHO). He possesses strong antimicrobial and deodorant properties. It is used as disinfectant as well as for leather processing with sweating. Under the influence of a formaldehyde solution, the epidermis thickens (due to protein denaturation), as a result of which sweating decreases. The drug has a pronounced annoying action.
This group may include hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine). It is sometimes used as an antiseptic. with urinary tract infection. The bacteriostatic effect of hexamethylenetetramine is associated with its breakdown in an acidic environment and the formation of formaldehyde (if necessary, shifting the urine reaction to the acid side, you can use ammonium chloride). Assign hexamethylenetetramine orally and intravenously. In the stomach, it is partially destroyed. From side effects should be borne in mind the possibility of an irritating effect on the kidneys, which is the basis for its cancellation.

Has strong antimicrobial properties ethanol. It is used for disinfection of instruments, treatment of the hands of the surgeon, the operating field. The antimicrobial activity of ethyl alcohol increases with an increase in its concentration. However, for For skin disinfection, it is better to use 70% ethyl alcohol, which penetrates into the deeper layers of the epidermis than 95%.

Can be used as an antiseptic series of acids and bases. So, for washing the mucous membranes and rinsing the mouth, it is sometimes prescribed boric acid solution (H 3 BO 3). It can also be used topically in ointments and powders. However, the antimicrobial activity of boric acid is low.
To antiseptics from the group of alkalis is a solution of ammonia (ammonia); NH4OH; contains 9.5-10.5% ammonia). Its 0.5% solution used to treat the surgeon's hands. Moreover, it can be used inhalation for reflex stimulation of the respiratory center.

Control questions (feedback)

1. What is the difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

2. What is the phenol ratio?

3. What do you understand by the spectrum of antimicrobial action?

4. What is the difference between a bacteriostatic effect and a bactericidal effect?

5. Classification of antiseptic and disinfectants.

6. Main mechanisms of action of antimicrobial agents.

7. determining antimicrobial activity.

8. Comparative evaluation of antiseptics from different groups.

9. Poisoning, measures of assistance, principles of antidote therapy.

Until the 19th century, most surgical operations ended in the death of the patient from infections introduced by healthcare workers. Fortunately, such an achievement in medicine as antiseptics has reduced the percentage of deaths from septicopyemia to a minimum. Modern surgery successfully uses various types of antiseptics, which we will discuss in this article.

What is an antiseptic and why is it needed?

The relationship of pathogenic microbes with purulent inflammation of wounds was suspected even by ancient healers, who unknowingly used natural components with anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, the real fight against surgical infections began in the second half of the 19th century, when the English physician J. Lister published an article in which he described his method of treating an open fracture with a 5% solution of carbolic acid. Since then, a new era in surgery has begun, where, with the development of medicine, more and more new types of antiseptics have appeared.

Antiseptics in modern terminology means a set of measures and manipulations, the purpose of which is the destruction of microorganisms, as well as their spores and toxins in tissues and macroorganisms. Along with this, the term "asepsis" is of great importance in surgery, which means a set of measures to prevent the development of pathogenic microbes in wounds. Asepsis techniques also include the sterilization of surgical instruments and supplies. As well as the discovery of anesthesia and blood groups, the types of aseptic and antiseptic surgery that opened up in the 19th century became one of the fundamental medical achievements of that time. It was from that period that surgeons began to actively practice the previously considered risky (almost 100% fatal) operations on the chest and abdominal cavity.

The main types of antiseptics in modern medicine

Asepsis, of course, is of great importance in surgery and often does not require additional measures, however, as practice has shown, a complete rejection of antiseptic manipulations is impossible. Types of antiseptics in medicine can be conditionally divided according to the nature of the methods used and the method of application. In the first case, the types of antiseptics include:

Mechanical antiseptic.
Physical.
Chemical.
Biological.
Mixed.

According to the method of application, chemical and antiseptics are divided into:

Local in the form of treatment of some separate part of the body. Local antiseptics can be superficial and deep. Superficial means the toilet of wounds and injuries (washing with solutions, treatment with powders, ointments, compresses), and deep antiseptics is the introduction of chemical and biological anti-infective drugs into the body by injection.
General, implying infusion saturation of the body through the blood and lymph with antiseptic drugs (infusion of droppers).

Mechanical antiseptic

Mechanical antiseptic is carried out using surgical instruments and includes:

Physical antiseptic

Physical antiseptics include a set of measures to prevent the reproduction of pathogenic microbes and the absorption of their metabolic products by the patient's tissues. Physical types of wound antisepsis include the following:

Chemical antiseptic

Chemical antiseptics include measures to destroy pathogenic microbes in a wound or the patient's body with the help of chemical agents, among which are:

Biological antiseptic

Biological antiseptics include agents of biological origin that can act both directly on microorganisms and indirectly. Biological antiseptics include:

Mixed antiseptic

Combined antiseptic uses methods and means of all types of antiseptics in the aggregate. As a combined means are used:

Inorganic antiseptics.
Synthetic analogues of biological agents.
Synthetically produced organic substances.

Types of antiseptics for wood and other building materials

Various bacteria can cause rotting and decomposition processes not only in human and animal organisms, but also in building materials, such as wood. To protect wooden products in the interior and exterior from damage by insects and house fungi, various types of wood preservatives are used in construction. They can be.

What is an antiseptic and why is it needed?

The main types of antiseptics in modern medicine

Mechanical antiseptic.
Physical.
Chemical.
Biological.
Mixed.

According to the method of application, chemical and antiseptics are divided into:

Local in the form of treatment of some separate part of the body. Local antiseptics can be superficial and deep. Superficial means the toilet of wounds and injuries (washing with solutions, treatment with powders, ointments, compresses), and deep antiseptics is the introduction of chemical and biological anti-infective drugs into the body by injection.
General, implying infusion saturation of the body through the blood and lymph with antiseptic drugs (infusion of droppers).

Mechanical antiseptic

Mechanical antiseptic is carried out using surgical instruments and includes:

Physical antiseptic

Chemical antiseptic

Chemical antiseptics include measures to destroy pathogenic microbes in a wound or the patient's body with the help of chemical agents, among which are:

Biological antiseptic

Biological antiseptics include agents of biological origin that can act both directly on microorganisms and indirectly. Biological antiseptics include:

Mixed antiseptic

Combined antiseptic uses methods and means of all types of antiseptics in the aggregate. As a combined means are used:

Inorganic antiseptics.
Synthetic analogues of biological agents.
Synthetically produced organic substances.

Types of antiseptics for wood and other building materials

Antiseptics for the treatment of wounds are in every home first aid kit. But do people always choose the right way to treat a wound? After all, it is not without reason that there are several different solutions, each of which should be used to treat certain wounds and sores. Today we will find out why we need an antiseptic? Consider the 9 most popular and inexpensive tools and understand their differences.

What is an antiseptic?

Let us immediately turn to the Greek translation of the term: anti - against, septikos - putrid. And an antiseptic is really called any remedy that is able to fight bacteria caused by decomposition processes, and also serves as a prevention of their reproduction.

Antiseptics have been known since ancient times. The embalming of corpses was carried out with means that prevented the processes of decay, otherwise some of the finds would not have survived to their contemporaries. But antiseptics began to be popularized only from the middle of the 19th century, when the first trials of surgical operations using carbolic acid began.

By the way! Antiseptics are not used for wound healing, but for their disinfection, i.e. to kill infection and prevent inflammation.

Antiseptics are now used not only in medicine, but also in other areas. For example, in the woodworking industry for impregnation of wood in order to avoid the development of putrefactive processes. Logs for a bath, which will constantly be in a humid environment, will definitely need pre-treatment with antiseptic impregnations. So, what are antiseptics?

9 best antiseptics

Carbolic acid, which was first used as a body antiseptic, is not used today because of its danger. In fact, it is a harmful phenol, which in large quantities can cause poisoning. But over 150 years, many different antiseptics have been invented that meet all the necessary requirements, namely:

All these requirements are met to varying degrees by at least 9 antiseptics, which are considered the most effective and affordable.

The antiseptic effect of ethyl alcohol does not last long. As soon as the alcohol evaporates (30-40 seconds), the action stops. But usually it is enough to destroy the most active microbes. Ethanol is primarily treated for small, fresh wounds and cuts, but should not be used continuously. Alcohol dries out the skin and, if used frequently, can cause microtrauma. The cost of one bottle of ethanol (100 ml) is small: about 30 rubles.

Aqueous solution of Furacilin

Furacilin is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. It is used more often in the form of an aqueous solution, although it is possible to prepare it with alcohol. An aqueous solution of Furacilin is good to use for the treatment of wounds and sores on the mucous membrane: in the oral cavity, nose, vagina. But it also works great as a skin antiseptic (ulcers, burns).

Furacilin is sold in the form of ready-made solutions (60-70 rubles per 100 ml), tablets that need to be ground into powder before dissolving (80-90 rubles for 10 pcs.), As well as effervescent self-dissolving tablets (110-120 rubles for 10 pcs. ).

It is a so-called antiseptic-antioxidant, which, upon contact with the skin, releases oxygen. This is indicated by the bubbles that appear when peroxide is applied to the wound. The more bubbles, the more pollution. Treatment of the wound with hydrogen peroxide is very effective on postoperative sutures, as the resulting foam automatically washes away dirt without requiring wiping the wound.

Despite the apparent aggressiveness of hydrogen peroxide, it is a fairly mild antiseptic that can also be used for mucous membranes. For example, they can moisten a cotton swab and insert it into the nostril to stop bleeding and treat the damaged vessel. At the same time, it is an excellent drying agent. The cost of a bottle of peroxide (10 ml) is approximately 40 rubles.

Potassium permanganate solution

It has an antimicrobial and disinfectant effect due to the oxidizing ability of manganese. Potassium permanganate is used to treat wounds, sores, burns. But it is important to prepare a weak solution, because a highly concentrated one can cause a chemical burn to the skin.

At home, it is not recommended to use potassium permanganate precisely because of ignorance of the exact concentration for certain wounds and non-compliance with the technique of its preparation. But pink water is suitable, for example, for wetting a dried bandage. In a pharmacy, potassium permanganate is sold in the form of burgundy crystals and is called Potassium permanganate. The cost of a five-gram vial is 60-70 rubles.

Good old antiseptic, which is in almost every home. For the treatment of wounds, a 5% solution is used, although in some cases it is necessary to dilute it to a less concentrated one. Iodine is good for treating fresh cuts and shallow wounds.

It is not recommended to use iodine solution for the treatment of wounds received more than 5 days ago, as well as acne, bedsores and thermal burns. Also, iodine should be used with caution in people suffering from endocrine diseases. 10 ml of iodine costs only 10-15 rubles.

Or simply brilliant green, which is so disliked in the USA, believing that it is toxic. But in Russia, this antiseptic is the most popular. Perhaps there is no person who would never come across a brilliant green. It has an excellent antimicrobial effect, but it does not damage tissues and does not cause burns, such as iodine. The content of ethyl alcohol in brilliant green makes the antiseptic even more effective in use for both fresh and old wounds.

A solution of brilliant green is able to fight not only gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but also dangerous Staphylococcus aureus and diphtheria bacillus. Another plus of brilliant green: the ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. And this is the cheapest antiseptic: the cost of a bottle (10 ml) is 10 rubles. Against the background of all the pluses, only one minus is distinguished: a rich green color that is washed off for a very long time. And in order not to stain yourself and everything around with brilliant green, you can use not a standard bottle, but a special pencil. It costs 50-60 rubles.

Otherwise, it is called "red brilliant green", although its properties are somewhat different from those of a solution of brilliant green. Fukortsin also contains ethyl alcohol, as well as boric acid and phenol. Therefore, it must be used with caution.

Fukortsin is used to disinfect wounds, prevent their suppuration and stop the process that has already begun. Suitable for the treatment of purulent and fungal skin diseases. It is used for abrasions, erosive wounds, acne on the face. The cost of a bottle of Fukortsin (25 ml) is approximately 40 rubles.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate

An antiseptic that is rarely found in a home first aid kit because it is not universal. Chlorhexidine bigluconate (or as it is called more simply - Chlorhexidine) is prescribed by a doctor, and in a certain concentration.

For example, 0.05% is used to rinse the throat and wash the nose, and a more concentrated solution is needed to treat wounds on the skin: from 0.1 to 0.5%. Chlorhexidine is good for festering wounds and burns. It is suitable for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (genital organs can be treated with a 0.1% solution).

Important! For open wounds and mucous membranes, an aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine is used. Alcohol is also used by surgeons for rubbing hands before operations, processing tools and instruments.

Depending on the concentration of Chlorhexidine, it is able to fight certain types of bacteria and infections. The cost of a bottle of an aqueous solution of 0.05% costs less than 10 rubles per 100 ml. Alcohol will cost 10-15 rubles more.

A universal antiseptic that appeared relatively recently and immediately became popular. Its basis is a complex monohydrate. Those who have tried Miramistin once rarely return to other means. It has a very wide spectrum of action, it perfectly fights infections of the throat, nose, and genital tract, and is suitable for suture treatment. Another plus is that it is absolutely tasteless and does not sting, even if you treat severe and deep wounds.

The minus of Miramistin is its price. This is the most expensive antiseptic presented earlier. A bottle of 150 ml costs 340-350 rubles. But it is economically used, thanks to the spray nozzle.

There are also antiseptic ointments that also work effectively (Ichthyol ointment, Vishnevsky ointment, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Levomekol, etc.) and antibacterial powders for wounds (Gentaxan, Baneocin, Streptocid, Xeroform, Galagran).

How to properly treat an open wound

Antiseptic treatment requires any, even a minor wound. The cat scratched, the burr came off, they were damaged during shaving - it is necessary to treat the wound in order to avoid its infection and the development of gangrene. There are cases when a negligent attitude towards oneself led to serious consequences, and, for example, an infection got into the body due to a squeezed and untreated pimple.

Having received a wound (any damage to the skin that provoked bleeding), you must immediately exclude any contact with it. Then take an antiseptic and apply it to the wound with a piece of cotton wool or a bandage, or simply by spraying it. Then, if the damage is serious, you should consult a doctor. If it’s not serious, you can stick a patch on top or bandage it.

Attention! Before treating a deep wound with an antiseptic, you need to stop heavy bleeding. This is done with a pressure bandage or pulling the vessel with a tourniquet according to all the rules of first aid.

It turns out that out of the nine antiseptics listed, it is optimal to use Miramistin, brilliant green or hydrogen peroxide. These are the three most versatile tools that meet the maximum number of requirements. They perfectly disinfect wounds, do not cause pain in the victim, do not cause irritation and toxic poisoning of the body.