Biology test nervous system. Tests on the topic: “Nervous system. A7. Voluntary human movements provide
The human nervous system.
Questions with a choice of one correct answer.
A1. Nervous regulation of functions in the human body is carried out with the help of:
- electrical impulses
- mechanical irritation,
- hormones
- enzymes.
A2. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is considered:
- neuron,
- nerve tissue
- nerve nodes,
- nerves.
A3. The basis of the nervous activity of humans and animals is:
- thinking,
- intellectual activity,
- excitation,
- reflex.
A4. Receptors are sensitive formations that:
- transmit impulses to the central nervous system
- transmit nerve impulses from the intercalary neurons to the executive,
- perceive stimuli and convert the energy of stimuli into a process of nervous excitation,
- receive nerve impulses from sensory neurons.
A5. Cells most sensitive to lack of oxygen:
- spinal cord,
- brain,
- liver and kidneys,
- stomach and intestines.
A6. Bundles of long processes of neurons, covered with a connective tissue sheath and located outside the central nervous system, form:
- nerves,
- cerebellum,
- spinal cord,
- the cerebral cortex.
A7. Voluntary human movements provide:
- cerebellum and diencephalon,
- mid and spinal cord
- medulla oblongata and pons,
- cerebral hemispheres.
A8. The regulation and coordination of physiological processes occurring in the internal organs is ensured by:
- diencephalon,
- midbrain,
- spinal cord,
- cerebellum.
A9. The somatic nervous system, unlike the autonomic nervous system, controls the work of:
- skeletal muscles,
- heart and blood vessels,
- intestines,
- kidneys.
A10. Nerve impulses are transmitted to the brain through neurons:
- motor,
- intercalary,
- sensitive
- executive.
A11. The centers of swallowing, respiratory, cardiovascular and other vital reflexes are located in:
- cerebellum
- midbrain,
- medulla oblongata,
- intermediate brain.
A12. The autonomic nervous system is involved in:
- performing voluntary movements
- perception of visual, auditory and taste stimuli,
- regulation of metabolism and the work of internal organs,
- formation of speech sounds.
A13. A nerve impulse is called:
- electrical wave traveling along a nerve fiber
- transfer of information from one neuron to the next,
- transferring information from cell to cell
- a process that provides inhibition of the target cell.
A14. Excitation is directed along the sensitive neuron:
- into the central nervous system
- to the executive body
- to the receptors
- to the muscles.
A15. Nerve impulses are transmitted from the sense organs to the brain via:
- motor neurons,
- intercalary neurons,
- sensitive neurons,
- short processes of motor neurons.
A16. External stimuli are converted into nerve impulses in:
- nerve fibers,
- bodies of neurons in the central nervous system
- receptors
- bodies of intercalary neurons.
A17. In humans, pupil dilation is responsible for:
- sympathetic part of the nervous system
- parasympathetic part of the nervous system
- somatic nervous system,
- central nervous system.
A18. The short extension of a nerve cell is called:
- axon,
- neuron,
- dendrite,
- synapse.
A19. The long extension of a nerve cell is called:
- axon,
- neuron,
- dendrite,
- synapse.
A20. The point where two nerve cells meet each other is called:
- axon,
- neuron,
- dendrite,
- synapse.
A21. Nerves are:
- neural circuit,
- accumulation of bodies of neurons,
- bundles of axons extending outside the brain,
- receptors.
A22. The hemispheres of the brain are connected to each other:
- bridge,
- corpus callosum,
- middle brain,
- intermediate brain.
A23. The influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on cardiac activity is expressed in:
- slow heartbeat,
- increased heart rate,
- cardiac arrest,
- arrhythmias.
A24. The nervous system is:
- organ,
- the cloth,
- organ system,
- organoid.
A25. The human nervous system, in contrast to the endocrine:
- responds to external rather than internal influences,
- completely subservient to consciousness,
- works faster
- does not work during sleep.
A26. Reflexes that cannot be enhanced or inhibited by the will of a person are carried out through the nervous system:
- central,
- vegetative,
- somatic,
- peripheral.
A27. Axons - processes of nerve cells that extend beyond the central nervous system, gather into bundles and form:
- subcortical nuclei,
- nerve nodes,
- cerebellar cortex,
- nerves.
A28. Neuron is:
- multinucleated cell with processes,
- mononuclear cell with processes,
- non-nuclear cell with processes,
- multinucleated cell with cilia.
A29. In the adaptive reactions of the body to changes in environmental conditions, the leading role is played by:
- brain,
- autonomic nervous system,
- somatic nervous system,
- sense organs.
A30. Nerve cells differ from others by having:
- nuclei with chromosomes
- shoots of different lengths,
- multi-core,
- contractility.
A31. The transmission of excitation along a nerve or muscle is explained by:
- the difference between the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside and outside the cell,
- breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules
- change in the concentration of hydrogen ions,
- thermal conductivity of water.
A32. Reflex, the nerve center of which lies outside the medulla oblongata:
- cough,
- swallowing,
- salivation,
- knee.
A33. The diencephalon regulates:
- metabolism,
- consumption of food and water,
- maintaining a constant body temperature,
- all answers are correct.
A34. The center of the reflex is located in the medulla oblongata:
- sneezing,
- urination,
- defecation,
- knee.
A35. Cough and sneeze centers are located in:
- spinal cord,
- medulla oblongata,
- midbrain,
- anterior brain.
A36. The parasympathetic nervous system reduces:
- heart rate,
- force of heart contractions,
- plasma glucose level,
- all of the above options.
Questions with the choice of several correct answers.
IN 1. White matter of the forebrain:
A) forms its bark,
B) located under the bark,
B) is made up of nerve fibers
D) forms subcortical nuclei,
D) connects the cerebral cortex with other parts of the brain and with the spinal cord,
E) performs the function of a higher analyzer of signals from all receptors of the body.
IN 2. What organs are regulated by the human autonomic nervous system?
A) muscles of the upper and lower extremities,
B) heart and blood vessels
B) digestive organs
D) mimic muscles,
D) kidneys and bladder
E) diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
AT 3. The peripheral nervous system includes:
B) cerebellum
B) nerve nodes
D) spinal cord
D) sensory nerves
E) motor nerves.
AT 4. In the cerebellum are the centers of regulation:
A) muscle tone
B) vascular tone,
C) posture and balance of the body,
D) coordination of movements,
D) emotions
E) inhale and exhale.
Compliance tasks.
AT 5. Establish a correspondence between a particular function of a neuron and the type of neuron that performs this function.
FUNCTIONS OF NEURONS TYPES OF NEURONS
1) transmit from one neuron A) sensitive,
on the other in the brain, B) intercalary,
2) transmit nerve impulses from organs B) motor.
feelings in the brain
3) transmit nerve impulses to muscles,
4) transmit nerve impulses from internal organs to the brain,
5) transmit nerve impulses to the glands.
AT 6. Establish a correspondence between the parts of the nervous system and their functions.
FUNCTIONS DEPARTMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1) constricts blood vessels, A) sympathetic,
2) slows down the rhythm of the heart, B) parasympathetic.
3) narrows the bronchi,
4) dilates the pupil.
AT 7. Establish a correspondence between the structure and functions of a neuron and its processes.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF A NEURON PROCESS
1) conducts a signal to the body of the neuron, A) axon,
2) outside covered with myelin sheath, B) dendrite.
3) short and strongly branched,
4) participates in the formation of nerve fibers,
5) conducts a signal from the body of the neuron.
AT 8. Establish a correspondence between the properties of the nervous system and its types that have these properties.
PROPERTIES TYPE OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
1) innervates the skin and skeletal muscles, A) somatic,
2) innervates all internal organs, B) vegetative.
3) contributes to maintaining the connection of the body
with the external environment
4) regulates metabolic processes, body growth,
5) actions are controlled by consciousness (arbitrary),
6) actions are not subject to consciousness (autonomous).
AT 9. Establish a correspondence between examples of human nervous activity and the functions of the spinal cord.
EXAMPLES OF NERVOUS ACTIVITY OF THE FUNCTION OF THE SPINAL
1) knee jerk, A) reflex,
2) transmission of a nerve impulse from the spinal b) conduction.
brain in the head,
3) extension of the limbs,
4) withdrawing the hand from a hot object,
5) transmission of a nerve impulse from the brain
to the muscles of the limbs.
AT 10 O'CLOCK. Establish a correspondence between the structural features and functions of the brain and its department.
FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE DEPARTMENTS OF THE HEAD
AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS
1) contains the respiratory center, A) the medulla oblongata,
2) the surface is divided into lobes, B) the forebrain.
3) perceives and processes information from
sense organs,
4) regulates the activity of the cardiovascular system,
5) contains the centers of the body's defense reactions - cough
and sneezing.
Tasks for determining the sequence.
AT 11. Establish the correct sequence of the location of the parts of the brain stem, in the direction from the spinal cord.
A) diencephalon
B) medulla oblongata
B) midbrain
Free Answer Tasks
C1. Find errors in the given text. Indicate the numbers of sentences that made mistakes, explain them.
1. The cerebral cortex is formed by gray matter.
2. Gray matter consists of processes of neurons.
3. Each hemisphere is divided into frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes.
4. The visual zone is located in the frontal lobe.
5. The auditory zone is located in the parietal lobe.
C2. Find errors in the given text. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which errors were made, explain them.
1. The nervous system is divided into central and somatic.
2. The somatic nervous system is divided into peripheral and autonomic.
3. The central section of the somatic nervous system consists of the spinal cord and the brain.
4. The autonomic nervous system coordinates the activity of skeletal muscles and provides sensitivity.
Answers to the tasks of part A
Answers to the tasks of part B
1. The white matter of the brain performs the following function:
a) reflex
b) conductive
c) nutritious
d) motor
2. Areas of nerve cells, the accumulations of which are the main component of the so-called white matter of the spinal cord, are:
a) axons
b) nuclei of nerve cells
c) bodies of neurons
d) dendrites
3. ____ pairs of cranial nerves depart from the brain
4. Different parts of the body, depending on their functional significance for the body, are unevenly represented in the motor area of the cerebral cortex. The smallest surface area of the cortex of the motor zone falls on this part of the body:
a) torso
5. On average, the diameter of the human spinal cord is:
6. The hollow structure located in the center of the spinal cord is designated by the following term:
a) ventricles of the brain
b) spinal canal
d) spinal canal
7. One nerve cell can have the following number of axons:
a) only one
b) no more than ten
c) 10 or more
d) set
8. The part of the brain that has a cortex formed by numerous bodies of neurons and their short processes - dendrites - is:
a) telencephalon
b) diencephalon
c) medulla oblongata
d) midbrain
9. Directly connected with the spinal cord are structures representing numerous processes of motor neurons covered with a connective tissue sheath. This structure is called:
a) front spine
b) back spine
c) lateral spine
d) bottom spine
10. The cerebrospinal fluid in the human body is located in a structure called:
a) spinal canal
b) the space between the dura mater and the wall of the spinal canal
c) blood vessels that feed the brain
d) the lymphatic system
11. In the spinal cord, the white matter is located:
a) in the middle
b) on the periphery
c) disorderly
d) in the form of nuclei
12. One neuron can have the following number of dendrites:
b) no more than 10
c) 1-100 or more
d) more than 1000
13. Department of the brain, in which sensitive and motor zones are distinguished:
a) medulla oblongata
b) midbrain
c) cerebellum
d) cerebral cortex
14. The proportion of the cerebral cortex that has received the greatest development in humans in the process of evolution:
a) frontal
b) parietal
c) temporal
d) occipital
15. The folds of the cerebral cortex are called the following term:
a) twists
b) furrows
d) bumps
16. The ______ zone is located in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
a) motor
b) visual
c) auditory
d) musculoskeletal
17. Areas of nerve cells, the accumulations of which are the main component of the gray matter of the spinal cord, are:
a) axons
b) dendrites
c) bodies of neurons
18. Directly connected with the spinal cord are structures representing numerous processes of sensitive neurons covered with a connective tissue sheath. This structure is referred to as:
a) front spine
b) back spine
c) bottom spine
d) top spine
19. The part of the brain in which the nuclei of the vagus nerve are located is:
a) diencephalon
b) midbrain
c) medulla oblongata
d) cerebral cortex
20. Accumulations of the gray matter of the brain are called:
a) tangles
b) nuclei
c) ganglia
d) neurons
21. The part of the brain that is located directly above the spinal cord is:
b) cerebellum
c) hemispheres
d) medulla oblongata
22. Glial cells perform various functions. At the same time, they do not have the following function:
a) base
b) nutritious
c) motor
d) protective
23. The parts of the brain that are united by the term "brain stem" are:
a) bridge, diencephalon and medulla oblongata
b) pons, midbrain and medulla oblongata
c) pons, cerebellum, midbrain and diencephalon
d) middle, diencephalon and telencephalon.
24. The _______ zone is located in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
a) motor
b) visual
c) auditory
d) skin-muscle sensitivity.
25. The following number of pairs of nerves depart from the spinal cord:
26. The furrow separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe is:
a) central (Roland)
b) lateral (sylvian)
c) intraparietal
d) back.
27. From the listed zones in the temporal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres there is:
a) visual
b) auditory
c) motor
d) musculoskeletal
28. Structures related to the peripheral nervous system are:
a) only nerves
b) nerves and ganglions
c) spinal cord, nerves and ganglions
d) spinal cord and brain.
29. On a transverse section of the spinal cord in gray matter, anterior and posterior horns are distinguished. Motor neurons are located in ______ horns.
a) anterior horns
b) rear horns
30. The thickness of the gray matter of the cerebral cortex is:
a) 0.15-0.5 mm
31. In the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord there is one of the sections of the autonomic nervous system, the peripheral parts of which are represented by nerves and nodes (ganglia), usually located far from the regulated organs. This department is called:
a) sympathetic
b) parasympathetic
c) metasympathetic
32. Specify the neurons located outside the central nervous system:
a) sensitive
b) motor
c) insert
d) different
33. The department of the brain, which is the material basis of human mental activity, is:
a) medulla oblongata
b) midbrain
c) diencephalon
d) cerebral cortex
34. Deepenings of the cerebral cortex are designated by the term:
a) twists
b) furrows
d) potholes
35. The central sections of one of the sections of the autonomic nervous system are located in the middle, medulla oblongata and in the sacral section of the spinal cord, and the peripheral sections of this section are represented by nerves and nerve nodes located in the internal organs or next to them. This part of the autonomic nervous system is called:
a) sympathetic
b) parasympathetic
c) metasympathetic
36. The scientist who called the analyzer system that directly interacts with the stimulus, conducts a signal, and forms a sensation is:
a) I.M. Sechenov
b) I.P. Pavlov
c) A.A. Ukhtomsky
d) P.F. Lesgaft
37. This structure is not part of the analyzer system of the brain:
a) sensory receptors
b) sensitive neurons
c) neurons of sensitive areas of the cerebral cortex
d) motor neurons
38. The department of the organ of hearing, to which the tympanic membrane belongs, is:
a) outer ear
b) middle ear
c) inner ear
d) auricle
39. Photoreceptors with greater sensitivity to light are:
a) sticks
b) cones
c) papillae
d) mushrooms
40. There are three main shells in the eyeball. Of the above, the average is:
a) vascular
b) fibrous
c) retina
41. The outer layer of retinal cells adjacent to the choroid is called:
a) a layer of rods and cones
b) pigment layer
c) layer of bipolar cells
d) ganglion cell layer
42. The place of exit of the nerve fibers of the optic nerve from the retina of the eye is called:
a) corpus luteum
b) blind spot
c) vitreous body
d) yellow spot.
43. Receptor cells of the taste analyzer perceive _______ simple tastes.
d) four.
44. Of the listed receptors in the skin, the following are found in the largest amount:
a) thermal
b) cold
c) painful
d) pressure receptors
45. All parts of the inner ear have hair cells. These cells are pressed by tiny calcareous crystals in the following section:
a) semicircular canals
b) snail
c) a vestibule
d) bones (auditory).
46. ______ receptors are "free nerve endings":
a) taste
b) painful
c) olfactory
47. Skin sense - touch - is formed as a result of the influence of many factors that specifically affect skin receptors of different types. A factor whose effect is not specific to skin receptors is:
a) touching the hair
b) pressure on the skin
c) exposure to cold or heat
d) painful irritation
e) exposure to water-soluble chemicals
48. Muscular feeling occurs when special receptors are excited. ____________ lacks muscle receptors:
a) skeletal muscles
b) tendons
c) smooth muscles
d) joints
49. These retinal photoreceptors function only in bright light:
a) sticks
b) cones
50. Of the ossicles of the middle ear, the following is connected with the tympanic membrane:
a) stirrup
b) anvil
1-option
1. The peripheral nervous system includes:
1) 31 pairs of spinal nerves 2) 12 pairs of cranial nerves 3) medulla oblongata 4) nerve nodes around the spine 5) segmental section of the central system 6) cerebellum 7) nerve nodes of internal organs 8) pons varolii
window. google_render_ad(); A) 1.3.5 B) 2.4.6 C) 6.7.8 E) 1.2.4.7 E) 3.5.6.8
2. "Pale nucleus" and "striated body" - what is it?
A) components of the gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres
B) gray matter of the cerebellum
C) subcortical region of the brain (hypothalamus)
D) the inner layer of the medulla oblongata
E) pons
3. In which answer option is the structure of the gray matter of the spinal cord correctly named?
1-pair of anterior horns 2-pair of posterior horns 3-pair of lateral horns
a) motor neurons b) sensitive neurons c) autonomic neurons
A) 1a, 2b, 3c C) 1b, 2a, 3c C) 1c, 2b, 3a E) 1a, 2c, 3b E) 1b, 2c, 3a
4. Extend your right arm forward. Touch the tip of your nose with your index finger. What part of the brain was involved in the implementation of this movement, coordinating the activity of the muscles of the hand and determining the trajectory of movement?
A) spinal cord B) medulla oblongata C) cerebellum D) midbrain
E) cerebral cortex
5. The main center of speech is located: 1) in the occipital 2) parietal 3) temporal 4) frontal lobe
A) left hemisphere a) right hemisphere of the brain
A)3-A B)1-A C)2-a E)4-A E)4-a
6. Inflammation of sensitive nerve fibers is ...
A) ganglite B) neuritis C) neuralgia D) sciatica E) myelitis
7. Sensitive and motor function of which human organs is provided by the nerve centers of the thoracic segment of the spinal cord?
A) skin and muscles, starting from the 5th rib of the chest to the bladder, internal
hand surface
C) skin and muscles of the head, neck, chest, outer surface of the hands
C) skin and muscles of the palm and fingers
D) tissues and organs of the abdominal cavity
E) skin and muscles of the legs and toes
8. Highlight the physical processes that regulate the thalamus and hypothalamus of the brain:
1) perception of external and internal stimuli through the sense organs 2) conduction of nerve
impulses to the medulla oblongata and spinal cord 3) regulation of respiration and cardiac activity
4) constancy of body temperature 5) ensuring normal metabolism 6) reaction to hunger
and saturation 7) protective reflexes - blinking, sneezing, coughing 8) juice - and salivation
9) regulation of the activity of the pituitary gland
A) 1,4,5,6,9 B) 2,3,5,8 C) 1,3,5,7 E) 2,4,6,8 E) 6,7,8
9. Location of the sensitive center of the skin ...
A) the occipital part of the cerebral cortex B) the lower internal part of the frontal part
C) temporal part of the cerebral cortex D) anterior central gyrus of the crown
E) in the posterior central gyrus of the crown
10. What develops when the nerve cells of the spinal cord are damaged and the sensory and motor functions of tissues and organs are impaired?
A) hematoma B) neurosis C) paralysis D) aneurysm E) stroke
11. Damage to which nerve centers disrupts the perception of external and internal stimuli?
A) midbrain B) pons C) thalamus D) hypothalamus E) C, D
12. Impulses of what receptors are perceived by the associative zone of the cerebral cortex?
A) sense organs B) muscles and tendons C) has no connection with tissues and organs of the body
D) skin E) joints and bones
13. In which part and which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is the center that gives melody to human speech?
A) temporal right hemisphere B) temporal left hemisphere
C) parietal right hemisphere D) frontal right hemisphere
E) frontal left hemisphere
14. What parts of the nervous system regulate the lower functions of the body?
A) spinal cord, pons B) medulla oblongata, cerebellum
C) midbrain, diencephalon D) A, B, C
E) cerebral cortex
15. What part of the brain is associated with the formation of biologically active substances, the implementation of humoral regulation? Name that department.
A) intermediate B) middle C) oblong D) cerebellum E) forebrain
16. How many parts does a reflex arc consist of?
A) two B) five C) three D) four E) six
17. In which answer are the reflexes of the spinal cord correctly indicated?
A) smell, digestion, respiration B) urination, pupil dilation
C) chewing, coughing, salivation D) movement, reading, speech, learning
E) crying, smell, coordination of movement
18. Determine which organs are controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
A) heart, intestines, endocrine glands, chest muscle metabolism
B) heart and neck muscles
C) kidneys, lungs, eye muscles
D) pancreas, chest muscles
E) salivary glands, liver, back muscles
19. Encephalitis is an inflammation…
A) membranes surrounding the brain B) brain tissue
C) the membrane surrounding the spinal cord D) tissue of the spinal cord
E) nerve cells of the spinal cord
20. In what part of the brain is the nerve center that sets the eye in motion
A) medulla oblongata B) diencephalon C) midbrain
D) cerebellum E) bridge
TESTS ON THE TOPIC: "NERVOUS SYSTEM" Option 2
window. google_render_ad(); 1. What reflexes are provided by the diencephalon: 1) sensation of cold 2) overheating of the body 3) desire to sleep 4) increase in blood sugar 5) blinking 6) cough 7) inhalation and exhalation 8) increase in thyroxine 9) thirst
A) 1,2,4,5 B) 3,4,5,6 C) 4,5,6,7 E) 6,7,8,9 E) 1,2,3,4,8,9
2. The structure of the gray matter of the spinal cord in a cross section has the shape of a butterfly and consists of nerve cells. Specify how many horns the gray matter has and what nerve cells are in them.
A) one pair of anterior horns - motor neurons, one pair of posterior horns - sensory neurons
C) one pair of anterior horns are sensory neurons, one pair of posterior horns are motor neurons
C) one pair of anterior horns - motor neurons, one pair of posterior horns - intercalary neurons, one pair of lateral horns - sensory neurons
E) one pair of anterior horns - all types of neurons, one pair of posterior horns - all types of neurons
E) one pair of anterior horns - motor neurons, one pair of posterior horns - which includes processes of sensory neurons, one pair of lateral horns - motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system
3. What does the gray matter consist of in the thickness of the white matter of the brain?
A) serotonin B) fats, proteins, carbohydrates C) pale nucleus, striatum
D) white matter E) axons and dendrites
4. Where is the main center of speech located?
A) in the occipital part B) in the hemispheres C) in the temporal part of the left hemisphere
D) in the midbrain E) in the temporal part of the right hemisphere
5. Inflammation of motor nerve fibers is ...
6. The centers of the autonomic nervous system are located ...
A) in the spinal cord between 1 thoracic and 3 lumbar segments
C) in the medulla oblongata C) in the midbrain D) A, B, C
E) in the hypothalamus
7. The somatic nervous system in humans controls ...
A) movements B) sensory organs C) the work of the heart D) higher nervous activity
E) the work of the stomach
8. What is the sequence of the excitation pathway in case of a hand burn? 1) receptor 2) centrifugal neuron
3) centripetal neuron 4) intercalary neuron 5) gray matter of the spinal cord
6) cerebral cortex 7) muscle
A) 1,3,4,6 B) 1,2,5,6,3 C) 2,4,3 E) 1,3,4,2,7 E) 3,4,2
9. The influence of what nerves causes an increase in heart rate, vasoconstriction?
A) cranial B) sympathetic C) spinal cord
D) parasympathetic E) somatic
10. Regulation of chewing, swallowing, sneezing, coughing, as well as protective digestive reflexes are associated with ...
A) the diencephalon B) the nuclei of the medulla oblongata and the bridge
C) midbrain D) large hemispheres of the forebrain
E) cerebellum
11. What is a reflex?
A) response of the body to impulses sent and controlled by the central nervous system
C) regulation of the activity of the nervous system
C) nervous and humoral activity of the body
D) the influence of the external environment on the nervous system
E) there is no correct answer
12. Where are the centers of digestion and what nerves increase the work of the digestive organs?
A) intermediate, parasympathetic B) cerebral cortex, sympathetic
C) brain stem, sympathetic E) brain stem, parasympathetic
E) oblong, intermediate, parasympathetic
13. Where are the sensory and motor functions of the fingers provided?
A) the brain B) the cervical segment of the spinal cord
C) only in the right hemisphere E) in the elbow joint E) A, C
14. What does human mental activity depend on?
2. What forms the gray matter of the brain?
A) pale nucleus and striatum B) pale body and striatum
C) hypothalamic cells D) gray body, white nucleus
E) stem cells
3. What is the mass of the human medulla oblongata?
A) 100 gr B) 10 gr C) 70 gr D) 7 gr E) 1 gr
4. Inflammation of neuromuscular fibers is ...
A) ganglite B) neuritis C) neuralgia D) sciatica E) myositis
5. Why does a spinal cord injury lead to paralysis?
A) ascending pathways are destroyed
C) descending pathways are destroyed
C) the posterior roots of the spinal nerves are damaged
D) the anterior roots of the spinal nerves are damaged
E) the connection between the spinal cord and the brain is interrupted
6. Where is the visual zone?
A) in the occipital lobe B) in the parietal lobe C) in the temporal lobe
D) in the frontal lobe E) anterior central sulcus
7. What is the path of the reflex arc of the knee jerk?
A) muscle-receptor-nerve cell-intercalary cell-motor nerve cell
C) receptor-sensitive cell-intercalary cell-motor cell
C) receptor-sensitive nerve fiber - sensitive nerve cell -
intercalary neuron - motor neuron - motor nerve fiber - muscle
E) sensitive neuron-intercalary neuron - motor cell - sensitive
cell - muscle - receptor
E) muscle - receptor - intercalary neuron - motor neuron - sensitive cell -
motor nerve fiber - muscle
8. Specify the main properties of the nervous tissue.
A) excitability, contractility B) elasticity, contractility
C) excitability, conductivity D) automaticity, conductivity
E) automaticity, excitability
9. Motor nerves are ...
A) nerves made up of dendrites B) nerves made up of axons and dendrites
C) nerves consisting of axons D) nerves consisting of axons of motor neurons
E) all answers are correct
10. Regulation of chewing, swallowing, sucking, as well as protective digestive reflexes are associated with ...
A) diencephalon B) midbrain
C) nuclei of the medulla oblongata D) cerebellum
E) large hemispheres of the forebrain
11. Neuroglia is…
A) a disease of the human nervous system
B) part of the spinal cord
C) cells with processes that are not part of the nervous tissue
D) cells that make up the nervous tissue and are located around the neurons of the brain
and spinal cord
E) cells that are not related to the nervous system
12. What part of the brain is associated with the higher nervous activity of higher mammals?
A) middle B) dorsal C) oblong D) intermediate E) large hemispheres
13. What is the segmental part of the central nervous system represented by?
A) spinal cord and lower parts of the brain
C) higher nerve centers and the cortical part of the brain
C) hemispheres of the brain
D) the brain and spinal cord E) the spinal cord and hemispheres
14. What nervous system regulates the activity of the endocrine glands?
A) somatic B) vegetative C) peripheral D) central E) suprasegmental
15. What is the function of the white matter of the spinal cord?
A) transmission of impulses of the spinal cord and brain B) motor function
C) regulation of the activity of internal organs D) humoral function
E) regulation of respiratory function
16. Specify diseases of the central nervous system.
A) otitis, paratitis B) hepatitis, osteochondrosis C) myelitis, encephalitis
D) heart attack, ischemia E) gastritis, colitis
17. How is chorea disease characterized?
A) involuntary sharp movements of the limbs, blinking of the eyes
C) a change in handwriting, a shaky gait D) a decrease in pain, thermal sensitivity
C) depressed mood, weight loss E) mood swings, decreased muscle tone
18. What zones is the surface of the human cerebral cortex divided into, depending on the functions,
carried out by cortical cells?
A) sensory, auditory, visual B) motor, sensory, olfactory
C) frontal, parietal, temporal, motor E) sensitive, motor, associative
E) sensory, visual, muscular
19. What characterizes paralysis resulting from brain tissue damage?
A) the muscle tone of the limb increases and the limb stiffens
C) there is pain in the limb, then paralyzes and hangs like a whip
C) the sensitivity and movement of the limb is reduced
D) pain in the skin and muscles, trembling of the hands and feet
E) all answers are correct
20. Where are the centers of the somatic nervous system located?
window. google_render_ad(); A) evenly in all parts of the spinal cord and brain
B) in the lower parts of the brain
C) from the first thoracic to the third lumbar segments of the spinal cord
D) in the sacral region of the spinal cord
Explanatory note
The test work is designed to test the assimilation of knowledge of 8th grade students on the topic "Human Nervous System". Compiled in accordance with the programI.N. Ponomareva.Textbook: Biology, Grade 8 A.G. Dragomilov, R.D. Mash, Moscow, Publishing Center "Ventana - Graf", 2016. Time to complete the work - 45 minutes.
Standard requirements
:
Meaning, structure and function of the nervous system.
Parts and divisions of the nervous system. Central and peripheral nervous system. Somatic and vegetative departments. Direct and reverse links.Autonomic division of the nervous system.
Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic division of the nervous system.
Spinal cord.The structure of the spinal cord. Reflex function of the spinal cord. Conductive function of the spinal cord.Brain.Gray and white matter of the brain. The structure and functions of the brain regions. Location and functions of the areas of the cerebral cortex.
When compiling the work, the following literature was used:
A.I. Nikishov, V.S. Rokhlov. Dilactic material on the course "Man and his health"
Moscow. "RAUB" 1995.
G.M. Murtazin Active forms and methods of teaching biology. Man and his health. Moscow, Education, 1989
A.A. Kirilenko. Biology. Man and his health. Preparation for the exam and GIA - 9. Legion, Rostov - on - Don, 2013
Test work on the topic "Nervous system"
ExerciseI. Write down the numbers of the correct judgments:
1 - 12 pairs of cranial nerves depart from the brain stem
2 - increased heart rate is associated with the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
3 - receptors are specialized cells
4 - cerebrospinal fluid provides exchange between blood and brain tissues
5 - the white matter of the spinal cord consists of pathways formed by long processes of neurons
6 - on the inner surface of the temporal lobe of each hemisphere there are gustatory and olfactory zones
7 - muscles and glands are receptors
8- dendrites can branch
9- bodies of sensitive neurons are located in thickenings of the posterior roots
10- functional unit of the nervous system - reflex
11- the vagus nerve is one of the sensory neurons
12- neuron receives basic information from dendrites
13- the cerebellum is a part of the hindbrain
14- bodies of intercalary neurons are located in the posterior horns of the spinal cord
15- the center of the tendon reflex is located in the brain
16- bodies of motor neurons are located in thickenings of the posterior roots of the spinal cord
17- the forebrain consists of two sections: the diencephalon and the medulla oblongata
18- the brain is usually divided into three sections: anterior, middle and posterior.
ExerciseII. Classify the following functions according to the parts of the brain.
| Sections of the brain | functions |
| A - medulla oblongata B - cerebellum B - midbrain G - diencephalon D - cerebral hemispheres | 1 - mental, speech activity and memory 2 - coordination of movement, maintaining posture and balance 3 - regulation of protective reflexes (sneezing, coughing, vomiting) 4 - perception and analysis of information coming through the senses 5 - regulation of temperature, feelings of thirst, hunger and satiety 6 - regulation of the activity of the main body systems (digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular) 7 - maintaining skeletal muscles in good shape (tension) 8 - regulation of digestion (centers of sucking, chewing, salivation) 9 - emotional behavior 10- orienting reflexes 11- regulation of endocrine glands |
ExerciseIII. Determine and write down in the form of a code, with the defeat of which neurons and parts of the human nervous system, the following movement disorders occur:
| Parts of the nervous system | Traffic violations |
| A - motor neurons B - sensitive neurons B - anterior root of the spinal nerve G - posterior root of the spinal nerve D - spinal cord | 1 - the leg moves, but does not feel pain 2 - the leg does not move (paralysis), but feels irritation, pain 3 - the leg has lost sensation and is paralyzed 4 - loss of sensation and complete paralysis of the body below the waist |
ExerciseIV. Specify the features characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system. Choose three correct answers from the six offered and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1 - nerve centers are located in the brain stem and sacral spinal cord
2 - nerve centers are located in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
3 - main nerve - vagus
4 - main nerves - solar, pulmonary and cardiac plexus
5- nodes are located in the innervated organ or near it
6 - nodes are located in pairs along the spinal cord
Key to test work:
I. 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 18.
II. A (medulla oblongata) - 3,6,8
B (cerebellum) - 2
B (midbrain) - 7, 10
G (midbrain) - 5.11
D (large hemispheres) - 1.4.9
III. 1 - B, G 2 - A, C 3 - A, B, C, D 4 - D
IV. 135
A) conditional
B) unconditional
The sequence of the nerve impulse during the implementation of the reflex.
Working body 2. Motor neuron
Nerve center
The structure of the human nervous system.
Final knowledge test on the topic "Nervous system"
Option number 2.
1. Nervous regulation of functions in the human body is carried out with the help of:
electrical impulses; 2. Mechanical irritations;
2. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is considered
1. Neuron; 2. Nervous tissue; 3. Nerve knots; 4. Nerves.
3. The process of excitation in the central nervous system is associated with:
A. an increase in the permeability of the nerve cell membrane for Na +
B. an increase in the permeability of the nerve cell membrane for Ca 2+
B. a decrease in the permeability of the nerve cell membrane for K +
G. a decrease in the permeability of the nerve cell membrane for CI -
D. an increase in the permeability of the nerve cell membrane for CI -
E. an increase in the permeability of the nerve cell membrane for K +
4. Anatomical and physiological features of the parasympathetic nervous system:
A. the bodies of the first neurons lie in the thoracic and two upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord;
B. autonomic ganglia are located in the innervated organ;
B. increases the energy metabolism of the body due to increased oxidative processes in the tissues;
A) new bark;
B) Ancient and old cortex (olfactory and visceral brain);
C) Midbrain (quadrigemina, cerebral peduncles);
D) medulla oblongata;
D) diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus);
E) corpus callosum, connecting the right hemisphere with the left;
G) Varolii bridge and cerebellum.
Part 5. Task with a free answer.
What departments are represented by the CNS? What surrounds the CNS? What is meningitis?
Option number 4.
Part 1. Task with the choice of one correct answer:
1. Arbitrary human movements provide:
1. Cerebellum and diencephalon; 2. Middle and spinal cord;
3. Medulla oblongata and bridge; 4. Large hemispheres of the forebrain.
2. The regulation and coordination of physiological processes occurring in the internal organs is ensured by:
1. diencephalon; 2. midbrain; 3. spinal cord; 4. cerebellum.
Part 2. Multiple choice task:
3. Excitation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:
A. strengthening the work of the heart
B. inhibition of the motor activity of the digestive apparatus
B. an increase in the lumen of the bronchi
G. constriction of the pupil.
4. What parts does a neuron consist of?
A) body with cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles;
B) one axon; C) several dendrites; D) several axons; D) one dendrite.
5. Establish a correspondence between the structures of the brain and the functions they perform:
|
brain structure |
Function |
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D. In the lateral horns of the lumbar segments of the spinal cord E. In the sacral spinal cord. 4. Where are the bodies of the first neurons of the sympathetic nervous system: A. In the midbrain B. In the bridge B. In the lateral horns of the thoracic segments of the spinal cord G. In the medulla oblongata. D. In the lateral horns of the lumbar segments of the spinal cord E. In the sacral spinal cord. Part 3. Tasks for establishing compliance.
Part 4. Tasks for determining the sequence.
B) The enzyme decomposes the mediator molecules; C) Permeability for charged particles (ions) increases; D) The nerve impulse comes to the synaptic ending; E) The mediator crosses the synaptic cleft; E) The mediator is released from the vesicles. Part 5. Task with a free answer. 7. List the parts of the brain and the main functions they perform. Final knowledge test on the topic "Nervous system" Option number 6. Part 1. Task with the choice of one correct answer: 1. How many pairs of cranial nerves depart from the human brain: 1. 10 pairs 2. 12 pairs; 3. 14 pairs; 4. 15 pairs 2. How many pairs of mixed spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord? 1. 31 pairs; 2. 33 pairs; 3. 35 pairs; 4. 36 pairs Part 2. Multiple choice task: 3. In the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex is: A. Respiratory center B. Centers regulating the work of the digestive and circulatory organs C. Motor zone D. Zone of musculoskeletal sensitivity. E. Auditory zone E. Visual zone. G. Olfactory zone H. Taste zone 4. What effect does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system have on the functioning of the human body: A. Constriction of the pupil of the eye B. Dilation of the pupil of the eye C. Strengthening and quickening of the work of the heart D. Weakening of the work of the heart E. Increased pulmonary ventilation E. Decreased pulmonary ventilation G. Weakened bowel function H. Increased bowel function I. Decreased urination K. Increased urination K. Increased sweating M. Decreased sweating H. Increasing the amount of sugar in the blood O. Decreasing the amount of sugar in blood P. Vascular vasoconstriction of skeletal muscles R. Vascular dilatation of skeletal muscles Part 3. Tasks for establishing compliance. 5. Match the cranial nerve pair number - its name, type of nerve fibers, location of nuclei in the brain and functions.
Part 5. Task with a free answer.
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