Ural Historical Encyclopedia What is a Ballad, what does it mean and how to spell it correctly. What is a ballad

The term “ballad” comes from a Provençal word and means “dance song.” Ballads arose in the Middle Ages. By origin, ballads are associated with traditions, folk legends, and combine the features of a story and a song. Many ballads about a folk hero named Robin Hood existed in England in the 14th and 15th centuries.

The ballad is one of the main genres in the poetry of sentimentalism and romanticism. The world in ballads appears mysterious and enigmatic. They feature bright heroes with clearly defined characters.

Creator of the genre literary ballad became Robert Burns (1759-1796). The basis of his poetry was oral folk art.

A person is always at the center of literary ballads, but the poets of the 19th century who chose this genre knew that human powers do not always provide the opportunity to answer all questions and become the absolute master of one’s destiny. Therefore, often literary ballads are a plot poem about fate, for example, the ballad “The Forest King” by the German poet Johann Wolfgang Goethe.

The Russian ballad tradition was created by Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky, who wrote both original ballads ("Svetlana", "Aeolian Harp", "Achilles" and others), and translated Burger, Schiller, Goethe, Uhland, Southey, Walter Scott. In total, Zhukovsky wrote more than 40 ballads.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created such ballads as “The Song of the Prophetic Oleg”, “The Groom”, “The Drowned Man”, “The Raven Flies to the Raven”, “Once upon a time there lived a poor knight...”. His cycle of “Songs of the Western Slavs” can also be classified as a ballad genre.

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov has some ballads. This is the "Airship" from Seydlitz, "The Sea Princess".

Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy also used the ballad genre in his work. He calls his ballads on themes from his native antiquity epics ("Alyosha Popovich", "Ilya Muromets", "Sadko" and others).

Entire sections of their poems were called ballads, using this term more freely by A.A. Fet, K.K. Sluchevsky, V.Ya. Bryusov. In his “Experiments,” Bryusov, speaking about the ballad, points to only two of his ballads of the traditional lyric-epic type: “The Abduction of Bertha” and “Divination.”

A number of comic ballad parodies were left by Vl. Soloviev (“The Mysterious Sexton”, “The Autumn Walk of Knight Ralph” and others)

The events of the turbulent 20th century once again brought to life the genre of literary ballads. E. Bagritsky's ballad "Watermelon", although it does not tell the story of the turbulent events of the revolution, was born precisely of the revolution, the romance of that time.

Features of the ballad as a genre:

presence of a plot (there is a climax, beginning and denouement)

combination of the real and the fantastic

romantic (unusual) landscape

mystery motive

the plot can be replaced by dialogue

brevity

combination of lyrical and epic principles

The meaning of the word BALLAD in the Dictionary of Literary Terms

BALLAD

- (from the French ballade - dance song) - a genre of lyric-epic (see lyric-epic genre) poetry: a narrative song or poem of a relatively small volume, with a dynamic development of the plot, the basis of which is an extraordinary incident. Often in B. there is an element of the mysterious, fantastic, inexplicable, unspoken, even tragically insoluble. By origin, B. are associated with legends (see tradition), folk legends, and combine the features of stories and songs. B. - one of the main genres in poetry is sentimentalism and romanticism. For example: ballads by V.A. Zhukovsky, M.Yu. Lermontov. See also ballad stanza

Dictionary of literary terms. 2012

View value BALLAD in other dictionaries

Ballad- ballad lyrical poetic narrative based on legend. Balladic, pertaining to a ballad; balladeer m. writer of ballads that were sung for example. in Scotland,........
Dictionary Dahl

Ballad- ballads, w. (Italian ballata). 1. A poem with a narrative plot on a legendary or fairy-tale theme (lit.). 2. A poem of three couplets of eight lines and a fourth........
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Ballad J.— 1. The genre of lyric poetry with a narrative plot on a legendary, historical, fairy-tale or everyday theme. 2. A separate work of this genre. 3. Vocal or......
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

Ballad- -s; and. [French ballade].
1. The genre of lyric poetry with a narrative plot on a legendary, historical, fairy-tale or everyday theme; work in this genre.
2. Vocal........
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary

Ballad- (French ballade - from late Latin ballo - dancing), in French literature of the 14th-15th centuries. lyric genre of solid form (F. Villon). Lyroepic genre of English folk poetry and similar......
Big encyclopedic Dictionary

Ballad- (French ballade, from Latin ballo, I dance), a folklore genre among the peoples of Europe, originally a round dance song with a refrain (among the Romance peoples) or a lyric epic song with a choral......
Historical Dictionary

Ballad— You’ve probably read this poem by Lermontov: Along the blue waves of the ocean, Only the stars will sparkle in the sky, A lonely ship rushes, It rushes with all sails. Don't bend.......
Musical dictionary

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Meaning of the word ballad

ballad in the crossword dictionary

ballad

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Dal Vladimir

ballad

ballad lyrical poetic narrative based on legend. Balladic, pertaining to a ballad; balladeer m. writer of ballads that were sung for example. in Scotland, like in our Little Russia Duma.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

ballad

ballads, w. (Italian ballata).

A poem with a narrative plot on a legendary or fairy-tale theme (lit.).

A poem of three verses of eight lines and a fourth, called the premise, of four lines, and the rhymes, as well as the last line (chorus) in all four verses are the same (lit.).

A type of vocal or instrumental piece of music (music). Finn's ballad from the opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila". French ballad (lit.) - ballad in 2 meanings.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

ballad

A lyrical or lyric-epic poem of a special form on a historical, usually legendary, theme.

A solo musical work of a narrative or heroic-epic nature.

adj. ballad, -aya, -oe.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

ballad

A genre of lyric poetry with a narrative plot on a legendary, historical, fairy-tale or everyday theme.

A separate work of this genre.

A vocal or instrumental work of a narrative nature.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

ballad

BALLAD (French ballade, from late Latin ballo - dancing) in French literature of the 14th-15th centuries. lyrical genre of solid form (F. Villon). The lyroepic genre of English folk poetry and the similar genre of romanticism poetry (R. Burns, G. Burger, I. V. Goethe, V. A. Zhukovsky). Romantic ballads are a plot poem built on fantastic, folklore, legendary-historical, everyday material, with a dark, mysterious flavor. In the 20th century the ballad loses its genre rigor (certain poems by B. Brecht, N. S. Tikhonov). Ballads were embodied in music in the form of solo vocal compositions accompanied by piano (F. Schubert, R. Schumann, F. Liszt, H. Wolf); instrumental ballads were also created (mainly piano ballads: F. Chopin, F. Liszt, E. Grieg). 3) In music - a song genre found among many peoples, originating from ancient round dance songs and dances. Typical features of a ballad are a combination of epic storytelling and lyricism, and a slow or moderate tempo. In the folk music of American blacks, a distinctive type of ballad has developed, which has some commonality with the blues and has retained connections with African traditions. In jazz, the lyrical ballad style of instrumental playing and singing became widespread.

Ballad

(French ballade, Provence balada, from Late Latin ballo ≈ dancing), the name of several very different poetic and musical genres. Initially, the Romance peoples of the Middle Ages had a lyrical round dance song with an obligatory refrain. By the 13th century, changing, B. became a popular genre of French and Italian professional poetry (especially troubadours and trouvères). Classical French B. 14≈15th centuries. ≈ a plotless lyric poem of canonical form: three stanzas with continuous rhymes (ababbcbc), “premise” (address to the person to whom the poem is dedicated), refrain (repeated last line of each stanza and “premise”). Sample ≈ B. “On the Women of Bygone Times” by F. Villon. In medieval England, a folk song of dramatic content with a choral chorus, usually on a historical, legendary, or fantastic theme (for example, the cycle about Robin Hood). B., close to English and Scottish folk B., became a favorite genre of poetry of sentimentalism, romanticism, and neo-romanticism (R. Burns, S. Coleridge, W. Blake, R. Kipling in England, G. Burger, F. Schiller, G. Heine ≈ in Germany). The founder of B. in Russian poetry was V. A. Zhukovsky. B. was written by A. S. Pushkin (“Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “Groom”), M. Yu. Lermontov (“Airship”), A. K. Tolstoy (mainly on topics of Russian history). Soviet poets N. S. Tikhonov and E. G. Bagritsky are authors of literature with heroic themes. In Soviet poetry, narrative poetry, dramatic in content, and lyro-epic “tonality” predominates (A. A. Surkov, P. G. Tychina, E. Charents, etc.).

The flourishing of vocal poetry (mainly for solo singing with piano accompaniment) is associated with the revival of poetry in professional poetry in the 2nd half of the 18th century. B. is represented in the romantic music of Germany and Austria - in the works of F. Schubert, R. Schumann, J. Brahms, and G. Wolf. The first Russian ballads are associated with romantic poetry - “Svetlana” by A. A. Pleshcheev to the words of V. A. Zhukovsky, ballads by A. N. Verstovsky, A. E. Varlamov, M. I. Glinka. The genre of B. received a unique implementation from A. P. Borodin, M. P. Mussorgsky, and N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.

Instrumental music is a genre characteristic of romantic music. Epic narrative is combined in it with dramatic development, lyrical emotion ≈ with picturesqueness (B. for piano by F. Liszt, J. Brahms, E. Grieg and especially F. Chopin, B. and A. Vietun’s polonaise for violin and piano, B for piano and orchestra by G. Fauré). In modern music there are different kinds vocal and instrumental B. Contribution to the development of vocal B. were B. on the words of B. Brecht, created by H. Eisler. In Soviet music, the genre of B. often receives a heroic, heroic-epic interpretation (“The Ballad of the Knight” from Yu. A. Shaporin’s symphony-cantata “On the Kulikovo Field”, “The Ballad of the Boy Who Wished to Remain Unknown” by S. S. Prokofiev, “ Heroic Ballad" for piano and orchestra by A. Babajanyan).

Lit.: Zhirmunsky V.M., English folk ballad, “Northern Notes”, 1916, ╧ 10; Russian ballad. Entry article by N. P. Andreev, M.≈L., 1936; Pankratova V., Ballada, M., 1963; Entwistie J., European balladry, Oxf., 1939; Northcote S., The ballad in music, Oxf., 1944.

V. A. Nikonov, E. M. Tsareva.

Wikipedia

Ballad (disambiguation)

Ballad - (1) medieval poetic and text-musical form; (2) the lyric-epic genre of Anglo-Scottish folk poetry of the 14th-16th centuries; (3) poetic and musical genre of the Romantic era
Rock ballad - a type of song in rock music

Works of art:

The Ballad of Aotru and Itrun
The Ballad of the Flexible Bullet
Automatic ballad

Hussar ballad
Ballad of a Soldier
Alpine ballad
The Ballad of Old Weapons

Ballad of Violins

Examples of the use of the word ballad in literature.

Program: traditional music Western Europe and Russia - dancing, ballads, ritual songs, instrumental tunes Hall of the Central House of Scientists In the program: Tchaikovsky, Glinka, Diniku, Saint-Saens, Grieg, Alyabyev, Liszt Subscription 85 The Great Romantic Piano.

It was then that she began to wonder if the new harpist had complained to him that the children had played it wrong. ballads and legends?

The new harpist brought songs that I had never even heard - for example, that ballad what he sang on the day of his arrival.

Maybe it’s for the best - the new harpist endlessly pestered Janus with questions: take it out and put it down, who was learning the obligatory songs with the children and ballads!

Scott addresses the debates that folklorists had in his time, such as the question of authorship ballads, O social status ancient minstrel, about the advantages and disadvantages of various sources ballads a lot of creativity, etc.

Antique ballad too often suffers from insignificance of thought and poverty of expression also because the apparent simplicity of the ballad stanza gave rise to a strong temptation to careless and trivial writing.

There are well-done battle scenes, there are humorous folk scenes, there is a wonderfully idyllic picture of the life of the persecuted Llewellen in the forest, inspired by ballads about Robin Hood.

Antique ballad The enemy began a furious attack on the bridge a little before Morton and Burley joined the rebels defending it.

In the rock 'n' rolls of Elvis and ballads We discovered more meaning in the Beatles than in all those articles by Lenin that I took notes in the 9th and 10th grades of school and in the 3rd year of college.

Since Mikl, an excellent versifier, also knew how to give his poems greater melodiousness - here much more famous bards could envy him - then ballads These were very successful for him, if, of course, we consider them as clearly modern works.

After the events in Dinas Brenin, Killara and Amesbury, my fame increased enormously, sung in ballads and songs.

The music of this ballads composed by Henry's friend, Paul Dresser, brother of the novelist Theodore Dreiser.

Everything here was foggy and imbued with an atmosphere of love, like a German ballad, - it was a true refuge for the passion of one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven, with rare flowers fragrant in the jardinieres.

Now she started singing an excerpt from an old ballads: My dream is dreary, Lord Archibald, My bed is like ice, My unfaithful beloved, Tomorrow is your turn!

Gibor, shaking his head negatively, tears a blackened silver almond from his neck, in two steps. ballads about King Rodrigo, a melodic medallion opens, red powder is poured onto back side palms, a tongue of intoxicating length picks up the poison in one sapphic ict and the cimitarra in Magoma’s pupils thins out, flares up, burns out - it is not needed.

This is a ballad lyric-epic folklore and literary genre.

In French poetry, a poetic form of three stanzas with the same rhyme scheme and a refrain at the end;
A song or instrumental piece with a dramatic plot.

The plot of the ballad, which often involves tragic events, is based on folklore: associated with legends, folk beliefs, fairy tales and legends; The genre combines the characteristics of a story and a song, which determines the spread of musical ballads. During the period of sentimentalism and romanticism, the ballad is one of the main genres of poetry.

The emergence and development of the ballad

The ballad appeared in medieval France at the end of the 13th century., her term is first applied to Provençal poetry. Originally a ballad in the Middle Ages, it was a folk dance song popularized by troubadours and trouvères; later in the culture of Western Europe - a narrative song or poem of a social, historical, mythical or heroic nature with an element of fantasy.

The classical literary form of the ballad is determined towards the end of the French Middle Ages and is a lyric poem of three stanzas, each of which consists of eight 8-syllable or ten 10-syllable verses, with the same three or four rhymes in a certain sequence, repeated from stanza to stanza. Examples of the ballad genre in the 14th century. left by the French poet and composer, author of about two hundred ballads, Guillaume de Machaut.

Example of a ballad

In the 15th century The French poet Francois Villon significantly expanded the theme of ballads, often touching on historical, political and patriotic themes:
Prince, may the mighty Aeolus take away
The one who betrays his native land,
Dishonors the sanctity of friendly alliances,
And forever be cursed the one
Who will encroach on the homeland of the French!
(excerpt from “The Ballad of Curses on the Enemies of France”, translation by F. Mendelssohn)

In the sixteenth century. The French ballad is used less and less; in the 17th century, simple and witty ballads were written by the famous French fabulist La Fontaine, but the ballad genre finally returned to French poetry in the 17th-19th centuries. thanks to the romantic poets J. de Nerval, V. Hugo and others, it established itself as one of the main genres of poetry of romanticism and sentimentalism.

Ballad in Italy

The medieval ballad entered Italy and served as a lyric poem in the 13th–14th centuries. Unlike the original French ballad, the Italian ballad was not associated with a folk dance song; its form was somewhat modified, including a change in stanza and the elimination of the refrain. Such ballads take place in the works of D. Alighieri, F. Petrarch and others.

Ballad in England, Scotland

In the 18th century, recordings of ballads from the peoples of England and Scotland first appeared. The ballad emerged as a special lyrical genre of Anglo-Scottish poetry in the 14th–16th centuries. The whole cycle folk ballads more than forty works have developed around the kind and brave defender, the national hero Robin Hood, who embodied the strength and invincibility of the English people, their love of freedom and determination, their readiness to always come to the rescue, and sympathy for the grief of others. Eg:
– I remember you and your sons.
I have been in their debt for a long time.
I swear on my head, said Robin Hood,
I will help you in trouble!
(excerpt from the ballad “Robin Hood and the Sheriff”, translation by S. Marshak)

During the period of romanticism, the Anglo-Scottish literary tradition of the ballad, reproducing old legends, was continued by R. Burns, W. Scott, T. Campbell and others. Lyric-epic poems written in the ballad genre were published in the poetry collection “Monuments of Ancient English Poetry” (1765) by the English writer and priest T. Percy and represent a valuable Anglo-Scottish cultural heritage.

Ballad in Germany

The meaning of the ballad in Germany corresponded to its origin: a poem written in the spirit of old English and Scottish folk songs.
The development of the ballad in German literature occurred in the 18th-19th centuries, the heyday of romanticism, when ballads by F. Schiller, G. A. Burger, L. Uland, J. V. Goethe, G. Heine and others were written, one of the most famous among which is the tragic ballad of J. V. Goethe “The Forest King” (1782).

Ballad in Russia

Due to the influence of German romanticism in early XIX century, the ballad genre began its development in Russia. Its main representative was the outstanding Russian poet, “ballad writer” V. A. Zhukovsky, whose translations included ballads by Austro-German, Scottish and English authors. The most famous ballad by V. A. Zhukovsky “Svetlana” (1813) is a free adaptation of the ballad “Lenora” by G. Burger. The work is written in the form of a dream, tragic motives predominate in it:
ABOUT! don't know these people scary dreams
You, my Svetlana...
Be the creator, protect her!
No sadness or wound
(excerpt from the ballad “Svetlana”)

In Russian poetry, the ballad genre is also represented by A. S. Pushkin (“Song of the Prophetic Oleg”), M. Yu. Lermontov (“Airship”), A. K. Tolstoy (“Ilya Muromets”), A. A. Fetom (“Hero and Leander”), etc.

The word ballad comes from French ballade, and from Provençal balada, which means dance song.

Ural Historical Encyclopedia What is a Ballad, what does it mean and how to spell it correctly. What is a ballad

The meaning of the word BALLAD in the Dictionary of Literary Terms

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what BALLAD is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

View value BALLAD in other dictionaries

Meaning of the word ballad

ballad in the crossword dictionary

ballad

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Dal Vladimir

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

Wikipedia

Examples of the use of the word ballad in literature.

The emergence and development of the ballad

Example of a ballad

Ballad in Italy

Ballad in England, Scotland

Ballad in Germany

Ballad in Russia