The blood serum contains the maximum amount of immunoglobulin. Immunoglobulin A (IgA): what is it, interpretation of the results. What is immunoglobulin A

Head presentation of the fetus is the most favorable position of the child in the uterus for natural childbirth. All mothers-to-be know this. But few people know that even a head-down baby in some cases will not be able to be born on its own. The success of childbirth will depend on the size of the baby, the activity of labor, as well as the nuances of the position of the fetus in the uterus.

Few people know, but a big role is played by the direction in which the child's face is turned, its back, which part of the head is located directly above the cervix, whether the neck is extended or not. Let's talk a little more about these obstetric nuances.

There are 3 fetal location characteristics that play a role.

1. Type of fruit. The child can be located with his back either to the abdominal wall of the mother, or to her spine.

2. Position of the fetus. The baby can be slightly turned to the right or left. When doctors say - head presentation of the fetus 1 position, it means the back is turned to the right. As you might guess, a child cannot have an exact look.

3. The position of the fetus - longitudinal, oblique, transverse. Childbirth in a natural way is possible only if the head presentation of the fetus is longitudinal (the child is located vertically, along the mother's spine), and not oblique or transverse. In the last two cases, the woman is undergoing a planned C-section.

4. Head presentation of the fetus can be facial, frontal, parietal and occipital, depending on which part of the head the child will move through the birth canal.

The position of the child in the uterus begins to be determined quite early, from the second half of pregnancy on ultrasound. Gynecologists, on the other hand, probe the limbs of the fetus and specifically its presenting part from about the 28th week of pregnancy, when the head, located in the lower abdomen, is defined as a mobile formation (until the last days of pregnancy, until it sinks into the pelvis). Until 33-34 weeks, babies are very active and can change their body positions frequently. After that, medical supervision is necessary. The most favorable thing is when the doctor determines the head presentation of the fetus 2 position in the longitudinal position, since most children occupy just such a position.

If the child has not turned his head to the exit before 33-34 weeks, they try to help him with special exercises that the expectant mother performs regularly. In some cases, a fetal flip can be performed using an external obstetric flip - a difficult medical manipulation.

unfavorable fetal position can lead to fetal hypoxia, weakness of labor, fetal injuries, rupture of the cervix and perineum of a woman. Low head presentation of the fetus is not dangerous and is in most cases a physiological phenomenon - shortly before childbirth, the child sinks deeper into the pelvis.

09.12.2019 19:05:00 5 ways to tune your brain to lose weight Have all the diets you tried failed? If there is always some obstacle between you and your desired weight, you should regularly apply some psychological tricks to get rid of extra pounds.
09.12.2019 18:15:00 These vegetables burn more calories than they contain Lose weight with food? If you think that in order to lose weight you need to starve or give up delicious meals, you are mistaken. After all, there are so many wonderful vegetables that can burn fat!
09.12.2019 17:43:00 "Bulletproof coffee" removes up to 2 kg per week Coffee - at least properly prepared - can have a positive effect on metabolism and fat burning. And we found out in which version it is most effective for weight loss.

09.12.2019 09:04:00

In any living organism there is an immune system that protects the body from the effects of foreign cells. The mechanism of immunity ensures the removal from the body of proteins that have been changed during illness, pathological process or life changes. The whole complex of immunological reactions supports individual homeostatic immunity in multicellular organisms. All cells of the immune system are divided into several types: antigen-recognizing, stromal and auxiliary.

The most important is the first type of cells, which consist of lymphocytes - they carry receptors on their surface, with the help of which they bind to antigens (substances foreign to our body). The molecules responsible for the recognition and binding of antigens are called immunoglobulins. They are made up of glycoproteins.

There is a classification of immunoglobulins with a specific designation: immunoglobulins -, IgD, where Ig means globulin, and the letter is the class of immunoglobulin. All of them differ in amino acid composition, structure and functions.

What is immunoglobulin A and when is an analysis prescribed?

One of the processes of the immune system is the protection of the mucous membranes of not only the respiratory tract, but also the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system. The secretory iga (immunoglobulin A) is responsible for the protective function, it is contained in the secretions of saliva, tears, colostrum, as well as in the secrets secreted by the genitourinary system. Serum iga is in the free state in the blood - its main function is to neutralize viruses.

In newborn children, iga is only 1%, while in an adult, IgA is present in the normal range of 15-20%.

In the first two months, it is not possible to isolate immunoglobulin A from the blood or from secretory secretions in a child; up to three months, iga enters the child's body with colostrum and mother's milk, after this period, immunoglobulins are already produced by the body of children. At the age of three months in children, it is already possible to determine the deficiency of immunoglobulin a. Like any body system, the immune system is also prone to pathological processes. They can be congenital (primary) and acquired (secondary):

immune deficiency(immunodeficiencies), including selective deficiency of immunoglobulin a (due to partial or complete absence of secretory iga in the body). It is genetically determined, most often the pathology is asymptomatic, as the body copes with the help of compensatory mechanisms. Such people are more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases of the respiratory tract. Most often it can manifest itself in a child of school age.
AIDS- the only independent form of secondary immunodeficiency, the virus destroys cells - lymphocytes, which are responsible for the immune system as a whole.
hypersensitivity, which is most often manifested by allergies or anaphylactic shock.
autoimmune pathology when antibodies perceive body cells as a foreign antigen.
tumors of the immune system, first of all, these are tumors of any part of the lymphatic system.

Most often, immunodeficiencies are secondary, that is, acquired during life and not associated with the genetic apparatus and associated with adverse external factors.

Blood tests for iga are required to determine autoimmune pathologies, neoplasms, to assess humoral immunity and diagnose immunodeficiency. To identify the causes of relapses in bacterial, viral, fungal diseases.

Reasons for ordering an analysis:

chronic bacterial, fungal, viral infections, especially if the infections appear on the mucous membranes of the body;
allergy, with manifestations of anaphylactic shock;
tumors;
chronic diarrhea;
chronic liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis);

The norm of immunoglobulin A and the reasons for deviation from it

In any study, there is a norm and deviations from the norm upwards or downwards, in this case iga.
IgA norm table.

In the pathological process, the level of iga is increased in the following cases:

liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis);
tumor diseases;
bacterial, viral, fungal infections;
inflammation of the connective tissue of the body;
lymphomas;
cystic fibrosis;
autoimmune diseases;
increase in alcohol consumption.

The decrease in immunoglobulin A in the analyzes is due to several reasons:

nephropathy;
use in the treatment of immunosuppressants and cystostatics;
radiation;
pernicious anemia;
HIV and AIDS;
during pregnancy, there is a slight decrease in immunoglobulin A.

Treatment of immunoglobulin deficiency is prescribed according to the results of studies. Treatment of primary immunoglobulin A immunodeficiency has not yet been developed. If primary immunodeficiency is detected in a child and the level of immunoglobulin A is not critical, then symptomatic drug treatment is prescribed.

Immunoglobulin A- this is one of the few immunoglobulins that are not synthesized in the blood or human serum. This immunoglobulin is mainly synthesized on the mucous membranes in the human body. Immunoglobulin is responsible for the immunity of the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary systems of the body from being affected by infections of various orders. Immunoglobulin itself lives and works only 6-7 days.

In the early stages of a child's life, immunoglobulin is not synthesized on the mucous membranes of the baby, it enters the body of the newborn only with milk or colostrum. That's why doctors advise breastfeeding your baby. As soon as this type of immunoglobulin enters the baby's body, the child's body can calmly begin to fight the bacteria that enter the intestines.

Lack of immunoglobulin in the body leads to autoimmune diseases and allergies to various foods.

What is the analysis for? Total IgA (immunoglobulin A)

Immunoglobulin A analysis carried out in order to find out what its amount is and what to expect if there is an acute deficiency in the human body.

A general analysis of IgA (immunoglobulin A) is carried out when they try to detect in the human body or, if there is a diagnosis, observe the level of immunoglobulin A in recurrent respiratory diseases, bronchial asthma, chronic diarrhea, cirrhosis of the liver, tumors of the lymphoid system.

Deciphering the general analysis of IgA (immunoglobulin A)

If in a blood test immunoglobulin A levels are elevated, this may mean or characterize the following diseases: autoimmune hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, enteropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, purulent infections in the chronic stage.

If low levels of immunoglobulin A this may mean signs of the following diseases: Bruton's syndrome, pernicious anemia, Louis Bar syndrome, neoplasms in the lymphoid system, atopic dermatitis.

All testimonies must be brought to the attending physician; in no case should you make a diagnosis yourself without having a medical education and experience in medical institutions.

Normal ranges for immunoglobulin A (IgA):

Adults 0.7-4.0
2-5 years 0.2-1.0
5-10 years old 0.27-1.95
10-16 years old 0.53-2.04

How are IgA total immunoglobulin tests performed?

Blood is given in the morning on an empty stomach; the day before, it is not advisable to eat fatty and fried foods.

The analysis is carried out using an immunochemiluminescent study.

It must be remembered that alcohol increases the readings of immunoglobulin A tests, and taking antidepressants significantly reduces the level of IgA.

The term of the analysis: 2 - 3 days.