Viral eye diseases. Infectious eye diseases: causes and treatment Infectious inflammation of the eyes

Among the many ophthalmological diseases, infectious lesions occupy a leading position. The infection can affect different parts of the eye and cause complications. At the moment, there are a sufficient number of effective ways to treat and prevent eye infections.

Causes of eye infections

The main causes of infectious eye diseases are staphylococci and streptococci. These bacteria are the causative agents of many diseases that can affect almost any organ. The problem is very widespread: for example, about a quarter of the planet's population is carriers of just one type of bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus.

Infection in the eyes can be caused by many reasons:

injury after impact;
entry of a foreign body;
surgical intervention;
decreased immunity;
allergies;
contact with an infected person;
disruption of the tear film;
taking immunosuppressive drugs;
wearing lenses without interruption;
constant eye strain;
dry air;
basic lack of hygiene.

Types of infectious eye diseases

Depending on the location of the process, eye infection can affect the conjunctiva, eyelid, cornea, or orbit. Infections of the conjunctiva are called conjunctivitis. Infection of the eyelid most often manifests itself in the form of stye, blepharitis or dacryoadenitis. Infectious lesions of the cornea are called keratitis. Each group of diseases has its own characteristics.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva in adults is more often caused by viral infections (adenovirus) and only in 15% of cases the disease is bacterial. The statistics in children are different - the frequency of bacterial and adenoviral lesions is the same.

Damage to the conjunctiva may also affect the eyelids or cornea. The diseases are called blepharoconjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis, respectively.

Adenovirus infection is transmitted by airborne droplets. Children's groups are susceptible to epidemic outbreaks.

There is also acute conjunctivitis. The cause may be staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus and a number of other bacteria.

Viral conjunctivitis usually occurs against the background of upper respiratory tract infections. The bacterial disease is caused by pyogenic bacteria that produce pus. In both cases, the infection is contagious.

Also watch a video that will help you recognize the main symptoms of conjunctivitis:

Barley

This disease is bacterial and, except for rare exceptions, is caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The disease is acute, and the hair follicle of the eyelash or the gland around its bulb (Zeiss gland) becomes inflamed.

A swelling occurs at the site of the eyelid lesion, causing pain. On the 3-4th day, a yellowish head forms on the swollen area - there is pus inside.

Styes may be internal. This infection is called meibomitis because the meibomian glands become inflamed. They are located on the edges of the eyelids.

In most cases, barley occurs against a background of reduced immunity. This eye infection is often a consequence of a cold.

With proper treatment and compliance with preventive measures, the disease proceeds without complications and goes away within a few days.

This visual video will help in diagnosing barley at home:

Blepharitis

This term refers to a whole group of diseases. They are characterized by chronic inflammation of the edges of the eyelids. This infection is difficult to treat. In most cases, it is caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

According to the localization of the process, blepharitis is anterior marginal, posterior marginal and angular. In the first case, the infection affects the ciliary edge of the eyelid, in the second - the meibomian glands, in the third - the corners of the eyes.

According to external signs and reasons for the appearance of blepharitis, there are:

ulcerative;
scaly;
meibomian;
Rosacea.

When treating blepharitis, therapy should be continued for another month after the symptoms disappear. An important step is to increase immunity.

This video will help you make sure that you have blepharitis and not another eye infection:

Dacryoadenitis

With this eye infection, part of the upper eyelid swells painfully. The affected area may turn red. Due to infection, the lacrimal glands become inflamed, so the main symptoms of the disease include excessive lacrimation.

Infection - viral or bacterial - can cause acute dacryoadenitis. The causes of chronic disease are usually non-infectious.

Keratitis

This disease can occur due to injury to the cornea, as a complication of severe conjunctivitis, or against the background of a severe infection, such as influenza or tuberculosis.

Keratitis can be superficial or deep. In the first case, the cornea is affected only from the outside, and in the second, the internal layers are also affected.

Symptoms of eye infections, diagnostic methods

The symptoms of eye infections depend on the specific disease. In each case, the clinical picture has its own characteristics. Common symptoms include:

redness of the whites of the eyes;
lacrimation;
white or yellow-green eye discharge;
crusts on the eyelids after sleep (often stick together);
swollen eyelids;
pain, itching and other unpleasant sensations.

You should consult a doctor if any symptoms occur if they do not go away within a few days. Some signs require special attention:

severe redness;
large swelling;
severe lacrimation;
pupils of different sizes;
blurred vision, partial loss of vision;
increased sensitivity to bright light.

Diagnosis of eye infections is carried out comprehensively. The following actions are almost always taken:

checking visual acuity using the Sivtsev table;
assessment of the condition of the cornea (using a slit lamp);
external examination of the eyeball;
fundus examination (ophthalmoscope).

There are many diagnostic methods in ophthalmology to detect infectious diseases. The choice of a specific set of studies depends on the clinical picture. Among the popular diagnostic methods:

microscopic diagnostics;
histological and histochemical analysis: a corneal biopsy is taken for study;
molecular research;
immunofluorescence reaction, the fastest diagnosis of viral infections;
the cultural method consists of plating on nutrient media and is effective against bacterial infections;
mycological examination: refers to the previous method and is used for fungal infections;
disk diffusion method: the most popular for identifying the causative bacteria;
polymerase chain reaction.

Treatment of eye infections

Treatment of infectious eye diseases is usually carried out comprehensively. The nature of treatment depends on the clinical picture.

Drug treatment

At bacterial infection antibacterial agents are required. At the initial stage of the disease and for preventive purposes, the use of Albucid or Vitabact is sufficient. These drugs are bacteriostatic and are not antibiotics.

As the disease develops, it is worth moving on to more serious means. In the form of drops, you can resort to Tobrex, Tsipromed, Dancil, Signicef, Fucithalmic, Sulfacyl-sodium, Maxitrol. In the form of ointments, Floxal, Erythromycin, and Tetracycline are effective.

It is important to remember that each drug has a specific active ingredient or group of such components. At best, self-prescription of medication will not bring results, and at worst, it will aggravate the situation.

At viral infection eye drops are often used as treatment - Ophthalmoferon, Actipol, Anandin, Tobrex. Ointments are no less effective: Acyclovir, Zovirax, Virolex, Bonafton.

At fungal infections also resort to drops and ointments. The first group of drugs includes Amphotericin, Natamycin, Akromycin, Okomistin, Fluconazole. Effective ointments include Miconazole, Levorin, Nystatin.

Together with eye drops or ointment, it is worth taking vitamins to strengthen the immune system - zinc in combination with ascorbic acid. For these purposes, Interferon is often prescribed.

Traditional medicine

Traditional medicine also occupies its niche in the treatment of infectious eye diseases. It contains an unlimited number of recipes. It should be noted that traditional methods are effective only for mild symptoms of eye infections, and in advanced cases they can only be used as part of complex therapy (together with drops and ointments).

One of the most famous remedies is strong tea leaves. It is enough to brew black tea strongly, strain and make lotions. It is best to use cotton pads or gauze pads - separately for each eye and each time.

For eye infections, rinsing helps a lot. To do this, you can use an infusion of eyebright, dill or. The product must be filtered thoroughly. If chamomile infusion is made from phyto-packages, then they can be used for compresses.

A decoction of oak bark is effective for washing. You need to boil 2 tablespoons of raw material in half a liter of water for half an hour, then strain. You can also make compresses with this decoction. Treatment takes no more than 5 days.

For any problems with the eyes, it is necessary to focus on carrots and blueberries in the diet. These products not only improve vision, but also strengthen capillaries. The berries are seasonal, so they can be used dried. You need to fill them with cold water at night, and eat them on an empty stomach in the morning.

You can also make eye drops at home. For this you will need cumin, cornflower petals and leaves. The components are needed in proportions 2:1:1. They need to be ground and brewed in a glass of boiling water. The product must be carefully strained and used for 5 days, 3 drops each.

Another effective product is celery seeds. They need to be crushed and soaked for 4 hours in cold water. The strained product can be used as drops.

Preventing eye infections

The dogma of preventing eye infections is hygiene. This means not using other people’s eye products (cosmetics, creams, handkerchiefs), not touching your eyes with your hands, washing your hands with soap more often, and handling contact lenses.

It is important to protect your eyes from the influence of the external environment - negative factors make them vulnerable. Do not neglect glasses or protective equipment for certain jobs.

When wearing contact lenses, you must strictly follow all the rules for wearing and handling them, and take breaks from use. At the first symptoms of an eye infection, you should change your lenses to glasses.

An important point in the prevention of eye diseases is. When it is weakened, the entire body is more susceptible to infections. You need proper nutrition, moderate exercise, walks in the fresh air, and taking vitamins (with food in season).

Date: 12/13/2015

Comments: 0

Viral eye infections often cause vision loss. 10-30% of people lose their vision from improper treatment. You can avoid unpleasant consequences thanks to proper and timely treatment.

Many inflammatory eye diseases are caused by infections. Almost 50% of patients are people with the syndrome. And approximately 80% of patients suffer from eye infections, which can be of different nature, but always manifest themselves with similar symptoms.

Causes and symptoms of eye infections

Bacteria often enter the eyes from the external environment. Burns, allergies, and injuries can cause eye infections. Another reason may be continuous eye strain. Nowadays, many people work at computers every day and do not allow their eyes to rest.

Another eye infection can occur due to environmental exposure, continuous wearing of lenses, and dry indoor air.

The most common symptoms of eye infections are:

pain;
function failures;
Red eyes;
lacrimation;
foreign body sensation.

If you do not see a doctor in a timely manner and do not begin treatment, you may lose your vision. There have been situations when the most common infection became the cause of a pronounced inflammatory process. The effectiveness of treatment depends on the medicine that is prescribed for treatment.

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Eye infections in adults

From medical statistics it is known that the most common infectious disease is conjunctivitis. It is characterized by damage to the outer membrane covering the inner eyelid and part of the front apple of the eye. This membrane is called the conjunctiva, and the name of the disease comes from it.

The first signs of such a viral infection are pain in the eye, a sensation of a foreign body under the eyelids. Sometimes there is swelling of the eyelids and copious mucus secretion. Small, barely noticeable, but easily removable films appear on the conjunctiva.

The disease can be chronic.

In such a situation, it will develop slowly, and moments of exacerbation are often replaced by an improvement in the patient’s well-being. Therefore, many are in no hurry to go to the doctor for help and turn only if fatigue and photophobia interfere with life or work.

Bacterial conjunctivitis occurs unexpectedly and is caused by staphylococci and gonococci. Eye infections can occur in children. In adults, this disease may be associated with dry eye syndrome. Many people like to touch their eyes with unwashed hands. This allows bacterial conjunctivitis to develop.

There is one significant feature in the treatment of this disease. It may have various root causes (pathogenic agents). For this reason, the patterns of drug use will be different in each individual case. Only a doctor can choose them correctly, based on test results.
If you have conjunctivitis, you should not self-medicate. Without knowing the cause of inflammation, incorrect use of drugs can cause great complications when it is already necessary to save the eye itself.

Herpes eye infection needs to be highlighted. Often this virus is localized on the cornea, but it can also damage the eyelids. At first they itch, then blistering rashes form on them. Herpes usually appears after a cold or severe hypothermia. The largest number of cases of eye herpes occurs during the cold season. However, it can also happen in the summer due to overheating in the sun. Most often it appears due to a decrease in the body's resistance, hypovitaminosis, but it can also occur due to other diseases. In this case, you must first treat the virus.

Another common disease is blepharitis. This is a focus of inflammation, which is localized on the edge of the upper or lower eyelid. This disease can develop due to prolonged exposure to the eyes of a caustic substance, smoke, volatile liquid, or due to chronic infection in the body.

This disease has 3 forms: simple, scaly and ulcerative.

Simple blepharitis is characterized by redness of the edges of the eyelids, which does not spread to other tissues and is accompanied by slight swelling. Unpleasant sensations begin to appear in the eyes. Even if you wash your eyes with water, they do not disappear. The movements of the eyelids gradually begin to accelerate, and there may be purulent discharge from the corners of the eyes.

Scaly blepharitis is characterized by severe redness of the edges of the eyelids and swelling. If grayish or pale yellow scales that look like dandruff form on the eyelids, then this is a sign of scaly blepharitis. Usually there is severe itching in the eyes and pain when blinking.

Ulcerative blepharitis is the most severe form of eye infection. It begins with the usual symptoms described above. Then the condition begins to deteriorate sharply. If there is dried pus at the roots of the eyelashes, then this is a sign of ulcerative blepharitis. Because of the crusts, eyelashes begin to stick together. It is quite difficult to remove them, since it is very painful to touch the inflamed skin. After removing the crusts, small ulcers remain on the eyelids. If treatment was started late, they will heal very slowly, and eyelash growth will only be partially restored. Over time, complications may occur. The direction of eyelash growth may be disrupted and they may fall out.

Treatment of blepharitis in adults is a long process. You cannot treat eye infections on your own. This should be done by a doctor. The patient must carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene, eat properly, excluding spicy and fatty foods, and reduce daily eye strain. It is imperative to treat chronic infections.

21-11-2018, 14:35

Description

In this article we will look at eye diseases such as blepharitis, inflammation of the optic nerve, purulent eye infection, dacryocystitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, gonococcal conjunctivitis, retrobulbar neuritis, ocular orbital periostitis, scleritis, phlegmon, choroiditis (posterior uveitis) and stye .

Blepharitis

This disease is a focus of inflammation localized on the edge of the upper or lower eyelid (sometimes the inflammation affects the edges of both eyelids). The reasons for the development of blepharitis can be prolonged exposure to the eyes of caustic substances, volatile liquids, smoke (when working in hazardous industries), the presence of a chronic source of infection in the body, or infection after minor injury to the eyelids.

There are 3 forms of this disease- simple, ulcerative and scaly.

Simple blepharitis is a redness of the edges of the eyelids that does not spread to the surrounding tissues and is accompanied by slight swelling. The patient experiences unpleasant sensations in the eyes (“a speck has gotten into it,” “an eyelash has curled up”). After rinsing with cool water, these symptoms do not disappear. The frequency of eyelid movements gradually increases (the patient begins to blink frequently), and foamy or purulent discharge may be observed from the inner corners of the eye.
Squamous blepharitismanifested by noticeable swelling and pronounced redness of the edges of the eyelids. A characteristic sign of this form of the disease is the formation on the eyelids (at the roots of the eyelashes) of grayish or pale yellow scales, similar to dandruff. When they are mechanically removed with a cotton swab, the skin becomes thinner and bleeds slightly. The patient feels severe itching in the eyelids; there may be complaints about the presence of a foreign body in the eye and pain when blinking. In advanced cases, the pain in the eyelids intensifies, which forces the patient to spend most of the daylight hours in a darkened room. Visual acuity may decrease.
Ulcerative blepharitis- the most severe form of this disease. It begins with classic symptoms, which are described in detail above. Then the patient's condition noticeably worsens. A characteristic sign of ulcerative blepharitis is the presence of dried pus at the roots of the eyelashes. The resulting crusts cause eyelashes to stick together. It is very difficult to remove them, since touching the inflamed skin is quite painful. After the purulent crusts are eliminated, small ulcers remain on the eyelids. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, they heal very slowly, and eyelash growth is only partially restored. Later, unpleasant complications may occur - disturbances in the direction of eyelash growth, their loss, as well as other eye diseases (for example, conjunctivitis) caused by the further spread of infection.

Inflammation of the optic nerve

This disease is an inflammatory process, the focus of which is localized in the intraorbital region of the optic nerve. Most often, the cause of the disease is penetration of a descending infection into the organs of vision due to meningitis, severe forms of sinusitis or chronic otitis. Less commonly, inflammation of the optic nerve is non-infectious in nature and develops against the background of a general allergic reaction or chemical poisoning.

The severity of the patient’s condition and the nature of the development of the disease depend on the reasons that caused this pathology. For example, in case of poisoning with a fast-acting toxin, rapid damage to the optic nerve develops (within several hours after the toxic substance enters the body).

Usually the consequences of this pathology are irreversible. Infectious processes are characterized by the gradual development of symptoms of trouble - over several days or weeks.

The first signs of inflammation of the optic nerve are decreased visual acuity (for no apparent reason), changes in the boundaries of the visual field and impaired perception of certain colors of the spectrum. An ophthalmological examination reveals such characteristic changes in the visible part of the optic nerve head as hyperemia, swelling, blurred outlines, swelling of the ophthalmic arteries and an increase in the length of the veins.

If the primary focus of inflammation is not detected in a timely manner, the disease progresses. Hyperemia of the optic nerve disc intensifies, swelling increases.

After some time, it merges with the surrounding tissues. Sometimes microscopic hemorrhages inside the retina and opacification of the vitreous are diagnosed.

Mild forms of inflammation of the optic nerve can be completely cured(in case of timely initiation of therapy). After stimulation of the immune system and treatment with antibiotics, the optic nerve again takes on its natural shape, and its functioning is normalized. Severe disease leads to atrophic degeneration of the optic nerve and a persistent decrease in visual acuity.

Purulent eye infection

This disease is caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Usually this disease is a consequence of the penetration of streptococci or staphylococci into the eyeball. Often the cause of the development of a purulent infection is injury to the eye with a sharp object.

There are 3 stages of this disease- iridocyclitis, panophthalmitis and endophthalmitis.

The first symptoms of iridocyclitis occur 1-2 days after eye injury. Even light touches to the eyeball are impossible due to very severe pain. The iris turns grayish or yellowish (pus accumulates in it), and the pupil seems to be immersed in a gray haze.

Endophthalmitis- a more severe form of purulent inflammation of the eye than iridocyclitis. In the absence of timely treatment, the infection spreads to the retina, pain is felt by the patient even at rest or with the eye closed. Visual acuity very quickly drops to almost zero (only light perception is preserved). When examined by an ophthalmologist, characteristic signs of pathology are revealed - dilation of the conjunctival vessels, coloring of the fundus in a yellowish or greenish tint (pus accumulates there).

Panophthalmitis- a rather rare complication of endophthalmitis. Usually the disease does not reach this stage, since timely treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics can prevent further development of infectious pathology. However, the symptoms of panophthalmitis should be known in order to prevent vision loss and promptly seek help from a specialist. At this stage of the disease, purulent inflammation spreads to all tissues of the eyeball.

There is very severe pain in the eye, the eyelids swell, the mucous membrane turns red and swells. Accumulations of pus appear through the cornea, and the color of the white of the eye becomes yellowish or greenish. Touching the eyeball is impossible due to very intense painful sensations. The skin around the eye socket becomes red and swollen. An eye abscess may also occur. In the most severe cases, surgical intervention is performed. Even with the success of conservative therapy, visual acuity in the affected eye is noticeably reduced.

Dacryocystitis

This is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac of infectious origin. The cause of the development of this disease is the active proliferation of pathogenic microbes in the cavity of the lacrimal sac. Predisposing factors are the congenital structural feature of the lacrimal canal (obstruction, narrowed areas) and stagnation of fluid inside the lacrimal gland. In newborns, false obstruction of the lacrimal duct sometimes occurs, in which there is a membrane between the lacrimal sac and the nasolacrimal duct. This defect can be easily eliminated; it usually does not lead to the development of the disease.

Dacryocystitis has acute and chronic forms. In the first case, it develops very quickly, and the chronic form is characterized by periodic exacerbations.

The first symptoms of trouble are the appearance of liquid purulent discharge from the affected eye and excessive tearing. After some time, a tumor shaped like a bean develops near the inner corner of the eye (this is a swollen lacrimal gland). If you gently press on it, pus or liquid mucus is released from the lacrimal canal. Sometimes, as the disease progresses, hydrops of the lacrimal gland develops.

Dacryocystitis as an independent disease is not dangerous, it is easily and completely curable, if therapy was prescribed and carried out in a timely manner. If the diagnosis was made incorrectly or late, the infection spreads to surrounding tissues, causing keratitis and conjunctivitis, as a result of which visual acuity may decrease.

Keratitis

This is an infectious or post-traumatic inflammatory process localized in the tissues of the cornea. Depending on the predisposing factors acting on the eyeball, exogenous and endogenous forms of this disease are distinguished, as well as its specific varieties (for example, a creeping corneal ulcer).

Exogenous keratitis occurs after injury to the eye, chemical burn, infection of the cornea with viruses, microbes or fungi. And the endogenous form develops against the background of the progression of a creeping corneal ulcer, common infectious diseases of a fungal, microbial or viral nature (for example, syphilis, herpes, influenza). Sometimes the cause of the development of keratitis is certain metabolic abnormalities and hereditary predisposition.

Progressive keratitis in the absence of timely started therapy, it first causes tissue infiltration, then ulceration, and ends with regeneration.

The infiltrated area is formed due to the accumulation of cells transported into the cornea through blood vessels. Externally, the infiltrate is a fuzzy spot of yellowish or grayish color with blurry edges. The affected area can be either microscopic, pinpoint, or global, covering the entire area of the cornea. The formation of an infiltrate leads to the development of photophobia, decreased visual acuity, profuse lacrimation and spasms of the eyelid muscles (the so-called corneal syndrome). The further development of keratitis depends on various factors - both external and internal.

In rare cases, the disease goes away without treatment, but such an outcome is almost impossible.

If the diagnosis is not made on time, keratitis progresses. The infiltrate gradually disintegrates, focal necrosis of the cornea occurs, followed by its rejection. After some time, an ulcer with swollen edges and a rough structure forms on the surface of the infected eye. In the absence of appropriate therapy, it spreads across the cornea, simultaneously penetrating into the depths of the eyeball.

Healing of the defect described above is possible only if the causes of the disease are eliminated (prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics, treatment of the consequences of injury, normalization of metabolism, etc.).

Gradually, the ulcer heals - first, the swelling of its edges disappears, then the transparency of the corneal tissue is restored, and the regeneration process is normalized. Usually, after the defect heals, a scar consisting of connective tissue remains. If the area of the ulcer was insignificant, visual acuity is not impaired, however, with an extensive focus of inflammation, it may decrease until complete blindness.

A creeping corneal ulcer is one of the severe forms of infectious keratitis. Its causative agent is the pathogenic microorganism diplococcus. Infection occurs after mechanical damage to the cornea (trauma by a foreign body, development of erosions, abrasions, minor injuries). Less often, microbes enter it from the conjunctiva, from the cavity of the lacrimal sac or other foci of inflammation present in the body.

This disease is characterized by rapid development of the pathological process. 1 day after infection, you can already notice a gray infiltrate localized on the cornea, which after 2-3 days disintegrates and turns into a noticeable ulcer. Pus accumulates between the iris and cornea, which is a characteristic sign of the development of this form of keratitis, which is of great importance for diagnosis. Typically, one edge of the ulcer is noticeably raised and swollen, while the other is smoothed.

Another form of this disease is marginal keratitis- develops against the background of inflammation of the cornea. It is caused by conjunctivitis or an infection of the eyelids. It appears due to constant contact of the inflamed area of the eyelid with the cornea. Marginal keratitis is characterized by a long course and very slow healing of the resulting defect.

Entitled " keratomycosis“Keratitis is grouped together, the cause of which is the penetration of pathogenic fungi into the eyeball. The most common causative agent of keratomycosis is a fungus of the genus Candida, which also causes thrush. Its active reproduction occurs against the background of a violation of the natural microflora (after taking potent antibiotics or hormone therapy, due to specific metabolic disorders). The first symptom of keratomycosis is usually the appearance of a whitish spot with a loose surface on the cornea. It gradually increases in diameter and is limited by a yellowish stripe. As the pathogenic fungus spreads, necrosis of eye tissue develops. After the resulting corneal defect has healed, characteristic areas of scar tissue (the so-called cataract) remain. With keratomycosis, corneal perforation never occurs, but visual acuity may noticeably decrease.

Tuberculous keratitis is a secondary disease that develops due to the spread of mycobacteria throughout the body. This form is usually diagnosed in children, and there is severe damage to lung tissue. The onset of the pathological process is characterized by the appearance of light gray nodules - conflictens - along the edges of the cornea. At the same time, photophobia, excessive lacrimation and muscle spasms of both eyelids are observed. In the absence of timely treatment, the nodules increase in diameter, and blood vessels grow into the cornea, which is accompanied by very unpleasant sensations.

After appropriate therapy, most of the nodules resolve, leaving no marks on the cornea. The remaining conflicts transform into deep ulcers, the healing of which leads to the formation of scars. In severe cases, perforation of the cornea to the level of the vitreous body is possible. Since tuberculosis is a chronic disease, nodules can form repeatedly, spreading throughout the cornea. As a result, visual acuity is noticeably reduced. Syphilitic keratitis, as its name implies, develops against the background of congenital syphilis. This disease is an inflammatory process that spreads throughout the cornea. Often such keratitis is asymptomatic; the first signs of its development appear in patients only at the age of 10-11 years, simultaneously with other symptoms of syphilis. In this case, inflammation is associated with a specific allergic reaction, and its treatment is accompanied by certain difficulties and does not always lead to recovery.

Herpetic keratitis occurs during an exacerbation of herpes. The inflammatory process develops after the virus penetrates the cornea. Usually the disease progresses due to vitamin deficiency or a severe immune disorder. Sometimes this form of keratitis is observed after stress, long-term treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and hormonal drugs. Less commonly, the cause of the development of herpetic keratitis is hereditary predisposition and injury to the eye (in the presence of the herpes virus in the body).

The primary form of this disease is accompanied by severe conjunctivitis. The cornea gradually becomes cloudy, and after a while an infiltrate forms, which quickly disintegrates. An ulcer appears in its place. In the absence of promptly started therapy, the cornea completely loses its transparency, and visual acuity is significantly reduced (up to complete blindness).

For the secondary form of herpetic keratitis The formation of small infiltrates and vesicles in the surface layer of the cornea is characteristic. The disease is accompanied by photophobia and profuse lacrimation. After some time, the epithelial cells of the cornea begin to slough off, and multiple erosions appear on the surface, limited by a cloudy border. If left untreated, they can degenerate into deep ulcers with uneven outlines. In this case, visual acuity is irreversibly reduced, since after the ulcers heal, scar changes in the corneal tissue remain.

Keratoconjunctivitis

This disease, caused by an adenovirus, usually develops against the background of simultaneous damage to the conjunctiva and cornea.

Keratoconjunctivitis is characterized by rapid spread. It is transmitted by contact and through personal belongings.

It takes about 7-8 days from the moment of infection before the first signs of the disease appear. First, a headache occurs, which is accompanied by chills, appetite disappears, and the patient complains of weakness and apathy. After some time, pain appears in the eyeballs, characteristic redness of the sclera is observed, and complaints about the presence of a foreign body in the eye are noted. Then very profuse lacrimation occurs, accompanied by the release of mucus from the lacrimal canal.

The upper and lower eyelids swell, the conjunctiva turns red, and very small blisters filled with clear liquid appear on it. The last symptom is a characteristic manifestation of adenovirus infection.

If treatment was not started on time, after 5-7 days the above signs of the disease gradually disappear, leaving only steadily increasing photophobia. Cloudy foci appear in the cornea - small, slightly transparent spots. Provided that appropriate therapy is carried out, complete healing occurs after 2-2.5 months.

Viral conjunctivitis

As the name suggests, the cause of this disease is the penetration of viruses into the cells of the mucous membrane of the eye. There are several forms of viral conjunctivitis, each of which is characterized by a specific course of the pathological process.

Herpetic conjunctivitis. It usually develops in young children due to the immaturity of the body's immune system. The inflammatory process can spread beyond the mucous membrane into the surrounding tissue. Depending on the nature of the pathological process, catarrhal, follicular and vesicular-ulcerative forms of herpetic conjunctivitis are distinguished.
At catarrhal form of the disease There is profuse lacrimation, a feeling of a foreign body in the eye and mucous discharge from the lacrimal canal. An ophthalmological examination reveals noticeable redness of the conjunctiva. The follicular form is characterized by the appearance of lymphoid follicles (elevations) on the entire surface of the mucous membrane of the eye.
The most severe form of herpetic conjunctivitis is vesicular-ulcerative. In this case, small transparent bubbles filled with liquid appear on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye. As these tumors spontaneously open, very painful ulcers form on the mucous membrane. Gradually, erosion progresses, moving to the edge of the cornea. The patient complains of severe photophobia and muscle spasms of the upper and lower eyelids.

Like the herpes virus, the adenovirus affects the entire body. The penetration of adenoviral infection into the body is accompanied by general symptoms: fever, chills, pharyngitis and follicular conjunctivitis. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets and contact.

Catarrhal conjunctivitis. It is seen most often. The upper and lower eyelids swell greatly, the mucous membrane becomes bright red. Then purulent or mucous discharge appears from the lacrimal canal. After 5-7 days, the above symptoms of the disease disappear spontaneously without additional therapy. In this case, visual acuity does not change, and no traces remain on the cornea.

Follicular adenoviral conjunctivitis. This form of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of small whitish blisters on the bud of the third eyelid and the mucous membrane of the eye. The rash causes virtually no discomfort to the patient.

Membranous form of conjunctivitis. It is diagnosed only in rare cases. As the disease progresses, a thin film of grayish or whitish color forms on the mucous membrane of the eye, which can be easily removed with damp cotton wool or gauze. In severe cases, it thickens, and when it separates, injury to the mucous membrane of the eye is possible. With timely administration of intensive therapy, this disease is completely cured, and visual acuity is not impaired.

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

This disease is a special type of conjunctivitis. In medical literature it is sometimes called "gonoblenorrhea". Gonococcal conjunctivitis is an intense inflammatory process localized in the mucous membrane of the eye. It develops after gonococcal infection penetrates into tissues. The disease is transmitted exclusively through contact (during sexual intercourse, during childbirth - from mother to child, as well as through careless adherence to personal hygiene rules).

In children, the first symptoms of gonococcal conjunctivitis appear 3-4 days after birth. The eyelids become swollen and dense, acquiring a purplish-red or bluish color. At the same time, bloody discharge appears from the lacrimal canal. The roughened edges of the eyelids constantly injure the surface of the cornea, damaging the epithelium. Certain areas of the eye become cloudy and ulcerate. In advanced cases, the disease progresses and panophthalmitis develops, which leads to loss of vision and atrophy of the eyeball. Often, after therapy, rough scars remain on damaged areas of the cornea.

At older ages, severe corneal damage, slow regeneration and a significant decrease in visual acuity are observed.

In adults, gonococcal conjunctivitis is accompanied by general malaise, fever and pain in the joints and muscles.

Retrobulbar neuritis

This is an inflammatory process, the primary focus of which is localized in the optic nerve. Typically, this disease develops against the background of a general infection, such as meningitis (including tuberculosis) or meningoencephalitis, or as a result of a non-infectious pathology - multiple sclerosis. There are acute and chronic forms of retrobulbar neuritis.

In the first case, severe pain appears in the affected eye, the source of which is located behind the eyeball. Other symptoms gradually develop: visual acuity decreases, color perception is distorted. During an ophthalmological examination, pathological pallor of the optic disc is revealed.

The chronic form of neuritis is characterized by the slow development of pathology. Vision gradually decreases to a minimum; in the absence of timely treatment, inflammation spreads to the blood vessels and tissues of the eye surrounding the nerve.

Periostitis of the eye orbit

This is a serious disease, which is an inflammatory process localized in the bones of the orbit. The cause of the development of periostitis is usually the penetration of pathogenic microbes (streptococcus, mycobacteria, staphylococcus or spirochetes) into bone tissue. Sometimes the inflammatory process occurs against the background of untreated chronic sinusitis.

The disease begins acutely. Within 3 days after infection, body temperature rises sharply, symptoms of fever increase, and the patient complains of headaches in the temporal and frontal regions.

Depending on the location of the primary inflammation, so-called primary signs of periostitis may be observed. When the anterior part of the eye orbit becomes infected, swelling occurs around the eye, the skin becomes hyperemic and hot, and the upper and lower eyelids swell.

If intensive therapy was not started in a timely manner, an abscess forms in the soft tissues surrounding the eyeball - a localized focus of purulent infection. It matures and then opens out through the skin (a relatively favorable outcome) or spreads into the postorbital cavity, forming new foci of inflammation. In this case, the patient's condition worsens significantly.

In some cases, periostitis develops in the depths of the orbit. In this case, the disease is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, as well as characteristic signs of acute respiratory infections. Movement of the eyeball on the affected side is usually limited. After treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, the abscess gradually decreases in size and is then replaced by connective tissue.

Without treatment, further spread of infection is possible.

Scleritis

This disease is an acute inflammatory process that develops in the sclera. Depending on the size of the lesion and its location, deep and superficial scleritis are distinguished. Most often, this disease develops against the background of general infectious pathologies (viral, bacterial or fungal) and is a manifestation of ascending infection.

Superficial scleritis (episcleritis) affects only the upper layer of the sclera. The affected eye becomes red, and movements of the eyeball become characteristically painful. Profuse lacrimation is not observed, which is a characteristic sign of scleritis; photophobia very rarely develops, and visual acuity does not change. In the absence of timely treatment, the disease progresses. An infected area visible to the naked eye appears on the sclera, colored purple or red. This spot rises slightly above the surface of the sclera.

Deep scleritis spreads to all layers of the eye shell. In advanced cases, inflammation spreads to the tissues surrounding the sclera, affecting the ciliary body and iris. The pathological symptoms described above become more pronounced. Sometimes multiple foci of infection develop. Against the background of a general decrease in immunity, a severe purulent complication may occur, in which photophobia, severe swelling of the eyelids and pain in the affected eye are observed.

Purulent episcleritis- one of the forms of scleritis caused by the pathogenic microbe staphylococcus. The disease progresses rapidly, usually spreading to both eyes. In the absence of timely treatment, episcleritis can continue for years, periodically subsiding and becoming more active against the background of general weakening of the body. At the site of infection, the sclera becomes thinner, and visual acuity noticeably decreases. If the inflammatory process spreads to the iris, a serious complication may develop - glaucoma.

Phlegmon

This disease, also known as phlegmonous inflammation, is a purulent inflammatory process that is not delimited from the surrounding tissues. Most often localized in the orbit and lacrimal sac.

Cellulitis of the orbit occurs due to the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms - staphylococci or streptococci - into the area of the eyeball. The infection develops in the tissue of the eye orbit. Sometimes phlegmon appears against the background of acute purulent sinusitis or as a complication of barley or a boil.

This disease develops very quickly. A few hours after infection, there is a significant increase in body temperature, severe headache, chills, muscle pain and fever. The eyelids become swollen and red, and their movements are greatly hampered. Visual acuity decreases to the point of almost complete blindness. Sometimes, in parallel with phlegmon, optic neuritis and thrombosis of the blood vessels of the eye develop. If intensive treatment is not started in a timely manner, the infection spreads to surrounding tissues and affects the brain.

Cellulitis of the lacrimal sac usually develops as a complication of untreated dacryocystitis. During the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, purulent melting of the tissues of the lacrimal sac occurs, after which the infection spreads to the tissues of the eye orbit. The first symptoms of this disease are severe swelling over the lacrimal sac, engorgement of the eyelids and the inability to open the affected eye. After some time, the body temperature rises, weakness and migraine-like headache occur.

Choroiditis (posterior uveitis)

Choroiditis (posterior uveitis) is an inflammatory process localized behind the uvea of the eye. The cause of the development of this disease is the introduction of pathogenic microbes into the capillaries against the background of a general infection.

Choroiditis is characterized by an initial absence of symptoms. Inflammation is usually discovered during an ophthalmologic examination performed for another reason. This examination reveals specific changes in the structure of the retina. If the focus of the pathology is in the center of the choroid, characteristic signs of the disease may be observed, such as distortion of the contours of objects, light flashes and flickering before the eyes. When examining the fundus, round defects are found located on the retina. Fresh traces of foci of inflammation are colored gray or yellow, the scars gradually fade. If therapy is not started in a timely manner, retinal edema may develop, accompanied by microscopic hemorrhages.

Barley

This disease is an inflammatory process localized in the sebaceous gland or ciliary hair follicles. Barley is widespread. The cause of the development of this pathology is usually the penetration of pathogenic microbes (staphylococci and streptococci) into the ducts of the sebaceous glands against the background of a general weakening of the body and immune disorders.

The first sign of the disease is redness of the upper or lower eyelid, which then turns into infiltration and swelling. Redness gradually spreads to the surrounding tissues, swelling of the conjunctiva increases. 2-3 days after the first symptoms of barley appear, the infiltrate swells even more, a cavity filled with pus forms inside it, and the upper part of the edema becomes yellowish. After 1-2 days, this abscess breaks through the eyelid, the pus comes out, the pain and swelling gradually subside. With multiple purulent foci, body temperature rises, chills and severe pain in the eyeball are observed. In severe cases, inflammation spreads to surrounding tissues.

Eye diseases caused by bacterial, fungal or viral infections are called infectious. They can have different localization, cause and symptoms. Any eye infections of the eyes require mandatory treatment under the supervision of a doctor.

Major infectious diseases and eye disorders: causes and treatment

The main types of eye infectious diseases are different types of conjunctivitis, blepharitis, inflammation of the optic nerve, dacryocystitis, keratitis, purulent lesions, barley. They can be caused by viruses, fungal pathogens, or bacteria that get inside the eye. They are the causative agents of diseases and the main cause of their development.

A person has a natural defense mechanism against the penetration of infections into the visual organs. The eyelids play the role of a natural barrier, the blinking reflex ensures hydration and cleansing of the conjunctiva, and the composition of the tear fluid neutralizes many pathogens. And yet, people often develop infectious eye diseases. Why is this happening?

Infection can easily get into the eyes due to a number of factors:

poor hygiene (hands, face, contact lenses);
eye injury of any nature;
pathological conditions that lead to disruption of the composition and integrity of the tear film;
poor immunity, as well as diseases that weaken the functions of the immune system.

Treatment of infectious eye diseases is always prescribed taking into account the cause of inflammation. If the infection is caused by bacteria, the ophthalmologist will prescribe antibacterial drops, ointments or gels. For viral etiologies of the disease, antiviral and immunostimulating drugs are prescribed, respectively. Also, depending on the accompanying symptoms, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and other medications can be used in treatment.

The effectiveness of treatment is directly related to early diagnosis. Infectious eye diseases in an advanced stage are much more difficult to treat than at an early stage. Also, during treatment of any eye infection, it is important to strictly adhere to the doctor’s recommendations, not to use contact lenses and maintain hygiene.

Characteristic symptoms of infectious eye diseases

There are many types of infectious diseases, and each has specific symptoms that make it possible to accurately diagnose it.
But there are a number of common signs that most often indicate an eye infection. These include:

redness of the eyes;
discharge of pus;
dry crusts in the corners of the eyes after waking up;
feeling of “sand” or “specks” in the eyes;
swelling of the eyelids and peeling of the skin in the eye area;
pain and discomfort;
increased sensitivity to light and photophobia;
lacrimation;
reduced visual acuity.

It should be noted that these signs can also accompany other non-infectious diseases. Therefore, you cannot diagnose yourself based on these symptoms and self-medicate. If you experience redness, pain or purulent discharge in your eyes, first consult an ophthalmologist and only then begin treatment.

Infectious conjunctivitis of the eyes: types, symptoms, treatment

Infectious conjunctivitis is a pathology in which the outer layer of the eyeball becomes inflamed. It is one of the most common eye diseases and can occur in people of any age - from newborns to the elderly. There are two main types of infectious conjunctivitis - bacterial and viral. The bacterial variety of the disease can be caused by streptococci, staphylococci, gonococci and other types of bacteria. Characteristic symptoms include yellow or gray purulent discharge from the eyes in the morning, which can cause the eyelids to stick together, as well as dryness of the eyeball and surrounding tissues. Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotics in the form of ophthalmic ointments or drops; in addition, the eyes must be cleansed of purulent accumulations.

With viral conjunctivitis, the discharge from the eyes does not contain pus and is therefore clear and watery. The disease is often accompanied by enlarged lymph nodes in the ear area and pain in this area. Viral conjunctivitis often develops against the background of nasopharyngeal infections and a general decrease in immune defense. Antiviral drops based on interferon and antiherpetic drugs can be used in treatment. To prevent a bacterial infection from occurring, your doctor may prescribe antibacterial ointment or drops.

The main danger of untreated infectious conjunctivitis is the high likelihood of complications, in particular the appearance of scars on the conjunctiva and disruption of the tear film. Also, an untreated infection affects the eyes in the cornea area, which can result in serious visual impairment.

Types of blepharitis - symptoms and features

Chronic infectious eye diseases include blepharitis, an inflammatory process that is concentrated on the edge of one or both eyelids. Most often, blepharitis develops after injury or as a result of prolonged exposure to caustic substances or gases.
There are different types of blepharitis, with varying symptoms. The simple form of the disease is characterized by redness of the eyelids, slight swelling, and a feeling of “mote” in the eye that does not go away after washing. With scaly blepharitis, swelling and redness of the eyelid margins are more pronounced. In addition, gray or yellowish scales appear along the edge of the eyelash growth. The patient may experience itching and pain when blinking.

The most severe form of blepharitis is ulcerative. It is characterized by the same signs, only even more pronounced. A characteristic symptom is the formation of painful ulcers along the edges of eyelash growth.

Treatment for blepharitis is aimed at combating symptoms and eliminating the cause of inflammation. It is also important for the success of therapy to carefully maintain eyelid hygiene.

Briefly about other infectious eye diseases

Neuritis of the optic nerve.

The pathology is intraocular inflammation and affects the optic nerve. Its first symptoms are a decrease in visual acuity for no apparent reason, a violation of color perception and the boundaries of the visual field. The consequences of the disease in the absence of adequate treatment can be severe (even irreversible deterioration of vision). If therapy was started on time, the optic nerve usually recovers completely.

Purulent infections.

There are several types of purulent eye infections, in particular iridocyclitis, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis. They differ in severity and clinical symptoms, but all these pathologies are usually caused by bacterial pathogens such as streptococci and staphylococci entering the eyes. Most often, purulent infections develop as a result of penetrating trauma to the eyeball.

An inflammatory disease, the focus of which is located in the eye sclera. Taking into account the location of sclerites, they are divided into superficial and deep. Usually the disease develops against the background of a general infection of a viral or bacterial type.

Infectious keratitis.

This is the name for inflammation of the cornea, which is often caused by viruses. Keratitis may be indicated by red and cloudy eyes, sore eyeballs, lacrimation, rashes in the form of small blisters, ulcers, a sharp deterioration in visual acuity and itching. Lack of proper treatment for keratitis can lead to blindness, so you should consult a doctor at the first sign of infection.

An inflammatory eye disease that is familiar to many from childhood. With this pathology, inflammation is localized in the sebaceous gland or hair follicle of the eyelash, where pathogenic microorganisms enter. In the affected area, redness first appears, then swelling and accumulation of infiltrate. As a result, an abscess similar to barley grain is formed. With proper treatment, the abscess opens on its own after a few days, after which the pain, redness and other symptoms gradually disappear.

Dacryocystitis.

With this disease, the lacrimal sac becomes inflamed. Risk factors are congenital features of the visual apparatus - narrowing or complete obstruction of the lacrimal canal, fluid stagnation. Pathology can occur in an acute form or become chronic. Often accompanied by purulent discharge, lacrimation, swelling in the area of the outer corner of the eye.

General rules for the prevention of infectious eye diseases

Most infectious ophthalmological diseases can be transmitted by contact. Simple preventive measures will help reduce the risk of disease as much as possible:

Carefully maintain facial and hand hygiene, never touch your eyes with your palms.
Do not wear lenses during acute respiratory viral infections and other infectious diseases.
Clean your scheduled replacement contact lenses thoroughly to prevent pathogenic microorganisms from entering your eyes.

Do not allow other people to use your contact lenses.
Try to avoid contact with infected people; if possible, do not visit crowded places during cold periods.
Strengthen your immune system through hardening, a balanced diet, and physical activity.
After consulting with your doctor, use moisturizing and cleansing eye drops.

It is difficult to cover all infectious eye diseases, causes and treatment in one article. The main thing to remember is that any infection must be treated, otherwise it can lead to complications. Therefore, if you notice the first signs of an eye infection, immediately seek qualified ophthalmological help.

Timely consultation and diagnosis with a doctor will help avoid complications, cure the infection in a short time and preserve vision.

Infectious eye diseases occupy one of the first places in ophthalmological practice. The inflammatory process can invade different areas of the visual analyzers, and in the absence of adequate therapy, provoke complications. Modern medicine offers a sufficient number of means of control and prevention to solve the problem of eye infection.

Sources of the disease

Eye infections are caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal pathogens. The spread of pathogenic microflora can be provoked by various reasons:

traumatization;
decreased functionality of the autoimmune system;
introduction of foreign bodies;
violation of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during surgical interventions;
allergies;
communication with the carrier;
therapy with immunosuppressive drugs;
overstrain of the visual organs;
increased dry air;
violation of the rules for wearing contact lenses and personal hygiene.

Disease Variants

Each infectious eye disease has its own characteristics and symptomatic manifestations. The main ailments are presented:

– the inflammatory process is often provoked by the penetration of viruses; in 10–15%, bacteria become the source of the disease. In childhood, according to average statistics, the percentage of bacterial and viral sources of eye infection is in the same positions.

With secondary damage to the eyelids and cornea, along with the conjunctiva, the pathologies are called “blepharoconjunctivitis”, “keratoconjunctivitis”. The adenovirus enters the body through airborne droplets; outbreaks of epidemic eye infections are often recorded in preschool and school institutions.

The acute form of conjunctivitis is formed by the penetration of staphylococcal, streptococcal, pneumococcal and other bacterial microflora. Viral variants of this eye infection develop in diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Bacterial - due to a pathogen prone to producing purulent secretion.

Both types of eye infections are contagious.

- the inflammatory process is provoked by bacteria; in cases of exception, Staphylococcus aureus becomes the cause of the disease. The acute form of the disease affects the hair follicles of the eyelashes and the glands around them.

A swelling forms in the penetration area, causing discomfort and pain. On the third day, a head forms on it, under which purulent secretion accumulates. The internal form of an infectious eye disease affects the meibomian glands located at the edges of the eyelids - meibomitis.

The cause of an eye infection is a decrease in the performance of the autoimmune system, as a consequence of a passing cold. Properly selected therapy can solve the problem in a few days, without developing complications.

– pathology refers to a group of eye infections. The main feature of the disease is an inflammatory reaction that affects the edges of the eyelids and is difficult to treat. The cause of their development is Staphylococcus aureus.

Based on the location of inflammation, blepharitis is divided into:

on the anterior margins - with damage to the ciliary edge of the eyelids;
posterior marginal – with the capture of the meibomian gland;
angular - the infection is localized in the corners of the eyes.

Experts identify the following types of blepharitis:

ulcerative;
scaly;
meibomian;
Rosacea.

Therapy for the affected eye takes a month - after the disappearance of the main symptomatic signs. The basis of treatment is to increase the functionality of the autoimmune system.

- this eye infection leads to swelling of the upper eyelid, with hyperemia of the skin. The invading pathogen causes an inflammatory process in the lacrimal glands; the main clinical sign of the disease is increased lacrimation.

Acute dacryoadenitis occurs with bacterial and viral damage. The chronic course is characterized by non-infectious causes.

– the disease occurs when the cornea is injured, as a complication of neglected conjunctiva, in severe forms of influenza or in tuberculosis. Superficial keratitis affects the upper layers of the cornea, deep - the internal areas.

The infectious type of keratitis occurs under the influence of the following sources:

Clinical signs of the inflammatory process depend on the type of eye disease. Common symptomatic manifestations include:

redness of the protein membranes;
increased secretion of tear secretion;
discharge from the organs of vision of a whitish or yellowish-greenish tint;
the appearance of crusts on the eyelids and eyelashes, preventing patients from opening their eyes in the morning;
swelling of the eyelids;
obsessive itching;
pain;
discomfort and pain.

Patients should seek professional help if negative symptoms do not disappear within several days. The following clinical features should attract attention:

severe eye hyperemia;
significant swelling;
constant lacrimation;
different pupil diameters;
decreased visual acuity;
fear of the light.

Diagnostic tests

When seeking professional help, the patient is referred to an ophthalmologist for consultation. The doctor performs primary diagnostics:

visual acuity testing;
assessment of the general condition of the cornea using a slit lamp;
general examination of the visual organs;
The fundus of the eye must be examined.

To identify infections of the eyeballs, a large number of diagnostic techniques are used:

microscopic examination;
corneal biopsy - to obtain information from histological and histochemical analysis;
immunofluorescence reaction is used for accelerated detection of viruses;
for bacterial and mycotic factors, bacteriological analysis of secretions is used;
the disk-diffusion technique allows you to determine the type of microflora that has penetrated;
PCR reaction accurately determines the type of eye infection pathogen.

The data obtained is processed and a treatment regimen is determined.

Therapy methods

Treatment tactics depend on the type of infection.

For bacterial - the initial stages of the development of the disease are stopped with bacteriostatic drugs - Albucid, Vitabact. Further damage to the organs of vision requires the use of antibacterial medications.

Therapy with eyeball instillations is carried out with Tobrex, Tsipromed, Dancil, Signicefa, Fucithalmic, Sulfacyl-sodium, Maxitrol. Treatment with ointments is carried out on the basis of Floxal, Erythromycin, Tetracycline.

With a viral - the main method of treating eye infections is the use of medications in the form of drops and ointments. Instillation is carried out by Oftalmoferon, Actipol, Anandin, Tobrex. Ointments - Acyclovir, Zovirax, Virolex, Bonafton.

For fungal - antimycotic treatment also requires the use of drops and ointments. The first group of medicinal substances is represented by Amphotericin, Natamycin, Akromycin, Okomistin, Fluconazole. Therapy with ointments - Miconazole, Nystatin, Levorin.

In parallel with medications, patients are recommended to take multivitamin complexes to increase the efficiency of the protective barriers of the immune system.

Each pharmacological subgroup of drugs has its own, narrowly targeted spectrum of action. Attempts at self-medication, without visiting a local ophthalmologist, can provoke a number of serious complications. At best, they will not have the necessary impact.

Preventive actions

To prevent the formation of eye infections, doctors recommend adhering to the following provisions:

Comply with personal hygiene requirements - it is prohibited to use other people's towels, handkerchiefs, care products, and decorative cosmetics. Do not touch the visual area with dirty hands.

For certain types of work, one should not forget about the importance of eye protection - specialized glasses will prevent accidental injuries and the entry of foreign bodies. The problem often occurs among workers in sawmills, factories, and mechanics.

Constant use of contact lenses requires compliance with the processing rules. It is forbidden to violate the manufacturer’s recommendations on terms of use or ignore the need for rinsing in specialized solutions. The first symptomatic signs of an eye infection require switching to wearing glasses.

The basis for preventing diseases of the organs of vision is to increase the functionality of the autoimmune system. Experts recommend using multivitamin complexes, walking in the fresh air, increasing motor and physical activity, and switching to a balanced diet.

Timely treatment of any colds will reduce the risk of developing eye diseases. Clinical signs of inflammatory processes lead to the need to visit a local ophthalmologist. The doctor will determine the nature of the disease and prescribe the most appropriate course of treatment.

Compliance with the requirements of prevention will allow you to avoid many ophthalmological diseases, subsequent complications and the need for long-term treatment.