Folic acid: a Russian phenomenon. So, we will talk about how to correctly calculate the dose of the drug for a child.
Folic acid is one of the vital vitamins. As a rule, there is not so much of it in the usual diet, so vitamin B9 deficiency is far from uncommon. To balance you need to know correct dosage folic acid and be able to properly consume additional folates.
Vitamin B9 ( medical name – folic acid), this is one of the most important nutrients for humans, which is needed for many processes in the body. Folic acid helps cells grow, maintain the integrity of DNA, so the vitamin prevents the development oncological diseases.
In addition, folic acid is involved in hematopoiesis, helps the heart and blood vessels. By improving blood circulation, acid has a beneficial effect on immunity, improves work nervous system and general state organism.
BY THE WAY
Our intestines can produce folic acid on its own, but in very small amounts, so the bulk of this vitamin must come from food.
Reception features
Like any other drug, folic acid should be taken regularly. At the same time, consider its interaction with other drugs. For example, acid reduces the effect of phenytoin, therefore, its dose must be increased.
A number of substances reduce the absorption of folic acid by the body:
- Antacids
- cholestyramine,
- some antibiotics (sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, neomycin, polymyxin)
Reduce the effect of the action can also:
- cytotoxic drugs ( Methotrexate),
- antibacterial agents (pyrimethamine),
- diuretics (Triamterene).
With this option, doctors prescribe calcium folinate instead of folic acid.
How to take for prevention
For prophylaxis, small daily doses of B9 are used: 400 mcg for adult.
Teenagers this dosage may be prescribed for the prevention of anemia, immunodeficiency, and physical retardation.
Women planning a pregnancy, it is recommended to consume 1 mg of acid per day once a day. medicinal purposes within six months to reduce all kinds of fetal malformations.
When is the best time to take
"Folk" must be taken orally after meal, as indicated in all instructions for the drug.
The fact is that taking vitamins on an empty stomach can lead to irritation of the gastric mucosa: like other acids, folic acid increases its acidity. This provokes diseases of the stomach - gastritis, ulcers, etc.
If you take a vitamin while eating, food will be more difficult to digest, since the acid forms an insoluble complex with zinc.
Important: if you miss a pill, you do not need to take a double dose
Admission courses
For supporting optimal level folic acid in the body requires a daily intake.
ADVICE:
It is better to drink any vitamins in the morning during breakfast, drinking plenty of fluids. So unabsorbed vitamin surpluses can be easily removed by the body
How many folic acid tablets per day should I take
The number of tablets depends on the mass in it. active substance, since folic acid is now sold in different dosages.
Most often, pharmacies sell folic acid in a dosage of 1 mg. For medicinal purposes, you need to use 1-2 tablets. per day. Pregnant women - 1 tablet per day for prevention.
Folic acid and vitamin E: regimen
Vitamin E and folic acid - pair useful elements that complement each other. Most often, gynecologists prescribe this combination of vitamins to girls from the first stages of pregnancy or to those who are just planning it.
Vitamin E and B9 guarantee the full development internal organs child and CNS development. Vitamin E is directly responsible for reproductive system, increases the fertility of the girl, reduces the threat of miscarriage in the short term, does not allow the placenta to exfoliate.
When used with folic acid, the intestinal wall is strengthened, the mother's condition improves: working capacity increases, immunity increases, the nervous system is restored.
Optimal dosage:
- Vitamin B9 (folic acid) - 0.8 mg per day.;
- Vitamin E (tocopherol) - 0.3 mg per day..
Is it possible to drink folic acid without a prescription
Any pharmacy will tell you that this medicine is available without a doctor's prescription.
If you find yourself deficient in folic acid, then the smallest daily dose will not harm you, since the excess is excreted by the body on its own.
The best option is dietary supplements, where the composition already contains folic acid. Like vitamin complexes, Dietary supplements contain many other useful substances.
ADVICE
:
The daily volume of folic acid is determined by various factors: gender, age, lifestyle and body condition; Only a doctor can help you choose.
Despite the widespread belief that folate is easily excreted from the body and its overdose is impossible, it should be borne in mind that the vitamin has a number of contraindications:
- hypersensitivity to B9,
- malignant anemia,
- oncology,
- vitamin B12 deficiency.
Release forms
Folic acids in pharmacies can be found in the form of powders or tablets (usually 1 mg, 25 and 50 pieces per pack).
However, there are other forms of release:
100 mcg
- the minimum dosage may be prescribed by a doctor for prevention;
- 100 mcg is how many mg: 0.1 mg
400 mcg
- dosage in tablets 400 mcg:
1 tab. per day (if there is no deficiency), or half a tablet (1/2 tablet of acid) at a dosage of 1 mg per day - for children over 4 years old and adults as maintenance treatment; pregnant women to prevent fetal defects - 400 mcg is how many mg: 0.4 mg;
- folic acid 400 mcg how many tablets:
1 tab. a dosage of 400 mcg or a quarter of a tablet with a dosage of 1 mg is the recommended daily dose for women of childbearing age and during pregnancy.
800 mcg
- dosage in tablets 800 mcg:
1 tab. or slightly less than 1 tab. a dosage of 1 mg is prescribed during pregnancy and lactation. - 800 mcg is how many mg: 0.8 mg
1 mg
- dosage in tablets 1 mg:
1 tab. for the treatment of anemia, pregnant women - from 1.2 to 2.5 tab. per day in the first trimester. - 1 mg is how many mcg: 1000 mcg
4 mg
- dosage in 4 mg tablets:
attributed when planning pregnancy. There is no need to be afraid of such doses: if the doctor has prescribed this volume for you, then you or your baby do not have enough B9
5 mg
- dosage in tablets 5 mg:
adults 1 tab. per day for the treatment of beriberi, children - in smaller doses depending on age - 5 mg is how many grams: 0.005 g
Dosage of folic acid for children
Folic acid is essential for growth and proper development organism, because directly in childhood the body's immunity is developed, the main life-supporting systems are formed, so it is important to give the child everything essential vitamins for its construction.
baby
Infants are recommended 25 micrograms of folic acid each day. With normal development, the baby receives all the nutrients from mother's milk, but if the doctor has identified a lack of nutrients in the newborn, B9 is prescribed additionally. Often, folic acid is required for premature babies.
Teenager
In adolescence, B9 is necessary for children for the normal course of sexual development: vitamin B9 helps the young body to establish hormonal balance. AT transitional age many face skin problems of the face and body: acne, pimples, redness. With the help of folic acid, you can fight redness and irritation of the skin.
For the prevention of vitamin deficiency, children at this age are recommended to use 150-200 mcg, this is half a tablet with a dosage of 400 mcg. But we must remember that if the body needs to be restored, then the therapeutic dose of acid is determined by the doctor.
schoolboy
Folic acid for school-age children from 6 to 10 years old is prescribed at a dosage of 100 mcg per day; from 10 to 14 years - 150 mcg.
Schoolchildren need vitamin B9 for regulation brain activity to help children cope with the academic load and relieve emotional overstrain.
How much folic acid do children need: summarizing
Daily Value for Women
To maintain the balance of vitamins in the body adult woman you need to take at least 400 micrograms of folate per day.
In addition to the fact that vitamin B9 strengthens the body, normalizes internal processes and improves the general condition, folic acid (folka, as mothers like to call it) is of particular importance for women:
- beneficial effect on the reproductive organs,
- stops hair loss, rejuvenates and tones the skin;
- normalizes the hormonal background;
- reduces the symptoms of menopause;
How many times to take per day
Doctors advise taking folic acid (vitamin B9) like all other vitamins according to the scheme: 1 time per day, preferably in the morning, with meals. Drink a small amount of water.
Daily allowance for pregnancy planning
Pregnant doctors necessarily attribute folates. Normally, a woman should receive 400-600 micrograms of acid per day, this is half a 1 mg tablet.
Daily allowance for pregnant women
How many weeks to take folic acid?
Due to the fact that folates do not accumulate in the body, acid is needed already in the first weeks of pregnancy, doctors recommend taking it even at the planning stage of the baby.
IMPORTANT!A woman's body needs vitamin B9 the most in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Daily allowance for breastfeeding mothers
When breastfeeding, a young mother should drink this medicine with a dosage of at least 500-800 micrograms of "folk" per day. It is better to take it as part of dietary supplements or multivitamins, since not only the mother's body, but also the baby needs nutrients at this moment.
Daily Value for Men
If a male body will receive at least 700 micrograms of folic acid daily, then the risk of sperm formation with different types anomalies in chromosomes by 25-30%.
To avoid infertility in men, B9 is advised to be taken in conjunction with vitamin E.
When a couple is planning a pregnancy, a man needs to drink folic acid 2-3 months in advance.
Conclusion
- Vitamin B9 ( in other words folic acid) participates in the formation circulatory system and immunity.
- Folic acid is essential women who decided get pregnant, as it participates in the normalization of the process of formation and development of the fetus.
- folic acid for men necessary for the good functioning of the digestive tract, improving memory, as well as increasing fertility.
- Folic acid is prescribed children to improve appetite, brain function and boost immunity.
In contact with
Folic acid is produced in tablet form. Tablets may contain 1 and 5 mg of acid. Pills for pregnant women with FC are produced with a dosage of 1 mg or 400 mcg. The dosage of 400 mcg has the drug Folic acid for 9 months. It is specially designed for pregnant women. One folic acid tablet (1 mg) contains 1 mg of the substance. 1/2 tablet at a dose of 1 mg contains 500 mcg.
Folic acid is involved in the formation of blood cells. Against the background of normal FA concentration, normal amount erythrocytes, hemoglobin. With an insufficient amount of a microelement, megaloblastic anemia is formed. This disease is accompanied by the formation of underdeveloped red blood cells. Blood cells cannot fully carry oxygen. Against the background of a lack of FA and a deficiency of vitamin B12, B12-deficiency anemia appears. It is also possible the appearance of iron deficiency anemia.
Folic acid improves the condition of the intestinal mucosa, improves digestive function. This is especially important for children in the neonatal period. In newborns, the intestines are just beginning to work, so a sufficient amount of folic acid is very important.
Folic acid is involved in the formation of cellular structures, DNA molecules, RNA. This property of the drug allows you to accelerate or maintain the normal development of placental tissue during gestation, as well as the growth of the fetus in utero. For a child from birth, folic acid also provides the constant cell division needed for growth.
A normal amount of a microelement helps to prevent the formation of oncological pathologies. FA deficiency increases the risk of cancer. According to the instructions, excessive intake pharmaceutical preparation FA can provoke the growth of tumor tissue.
Indications and restrictions for the appointment:
You need to take the vitamin at the prescribed dose 1 time per day. Course therapy is 30 days or more. Reception of a microelement is carried out after food.
Folic acid norms
During pregnancy, a woman needs 400 micrograms of FC per day in tablets. Together with food, the dose will be 800 micrograms of folic acid. For a healthy adult, it is enough to take folic acid at a dosage of 200 mcg. Men during planning a child need 400-800 mcg, depending on health.
Dosages for children:
How many micrograms are contained in 1 mg of FA
More often used tablets with a dosage of 1 mg (milligram). 1 mg is 1000 micrograms of folic acid. To obtain a dosage of 500 mcg, you need to divide the tablet in half.
Pregnant women are often prescribed 400 micrograms. A dosage of 400 micrograms of folic acid is slightly less than half a tablet. It is permissible for a woman to take half of the tablet form during gestation. With threats of abortion or premature birth, gynecologists prescribe even 2-3 tablets of FC. An overdose of the drug does not occur.
When planning a child, men are also shown a dosage of 400 mcg - this is 0.4 mg of FC. The dosage is not very convenient for taking, so it is permissible to drink 500 mcg (half a tablet).
For children, it is inconvenient to divide the tablet, since the dosages are very small. To do this, the tablet form of 1 mg is divided into 4 parts. One part is diluted in 25 ml of water. If the dose is 25 mcg, then you need to take 1 ml of the solution. If necessary, give the child 50 mcg gain 5 ml of the solution. If a child needs a dose of 75 mcg, take 7.5 ml. The solution must be made new each time the medication is taken. Used - poured out.
Children can be given a complex of vitamins. Dosages are adjusted according to age. Children are often prescribed Alphabet, Supradin, Complivit. Complexes are much more convenient. They have not only FC, but also other vitamins.
Conclusion
Folic acid is used in gynecology, urology, obstetrics, pediatrics, neurology. It is indicated for use with a lack of FC, pregnancy, planning a child (half a tablet - 500 mcg). In children, the drug is indicated for autism, delay in general and speech development, anemia. Before using FC, you need to consult a doctor to clarify the dosage and contraindications.
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Fearless and generous people live in our country. Oddly enough, an extremely alarming trend has emerged in the Russian Federation - excessive consumption of folic acid in the form of pharmacological preparations in doses of 5000 mcg in 1 tab, the appointment of folic acid 1 mg (1000 mcg) 3-6 tablets per day. Domestic folic acid in 1 mg packaging is universally prescribed 2 tabs x 2 times a day, 1 tab x 3 times a day, 1 tab per day.
I have a theory to explain this phenomenon. To the question: “What dose of folic acid should be recommended at the preconception stage and during pregnancy?” Most obstetricians and gynecologists confidently answer: “400-800 mcg / day”. There is probably some arithmetic gap in our education.
4 tablets of 1 mg per day, apparently, in some part of the experts associated with a dose of 400 micrograms. That's the whole compote.
Unfortunately, this is not all. In our country, there is a whole cohort of very reputable specialists who sincerely believe that a dose of 5 mg per day is necessary for the prevention of NTD. Some of them have entrenched themselves in MONIIAG and are dictating this norm to the entire Moscow region.
Indeed, such a point of view has a right to exist. Two directions should be distinguished: preventive (replenishment daily requirement) and high-dose vitamin therapy.
For high-dose folic acid therapy, there are certain testimony:
- Compensation for folate deficiency during chemotherapy with antifolic drugs (methotrexate, a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim), anticonvulsants (phenytoin, primidone, phenobarbital).
- Deep hypovitaminosis and avitaminosis of folic acid (Folic deficiency anemia - D 52 according to ICD X).
- Hyperhomocysteinemia.
- Alcoholism.
- Malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract (diseases small intestine, sprue, malabsorption syndrome, etc.).
- Genetic predisposition: polymorphism 677 C>T of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and other polymorphisms of folate metabolism genes.
It has been known for a very long time that people in our country “bruise their foreheads” in their zeal. Therefore, today there are masterpiece appointments:
Folacin 1 tab x 3 times a day = 15,000 mcg of folic acid
Angiovit 1 tab 2 times a day + folic acid 1 tab x 3 times a day = 13,000 mcg per day
(They also complain that there is not enough folic and suggest adding another tablet of Elevit. With Elevit, 13,800 mcg per day would be obtained).
Why doesn't "more" mean "better"? What
Measures of the volume of liquids
1 teaspoon = 5 ml.
1 dessert spoon = 2 teaspoons = 10 ml.
1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons = 15 ml.
Example: 1
Composition - 15 mg / 5 ml. (indicated on the package or in the instructions) This means that 1 teaspoon contains 15 mg. medicinal product.
If you are assigned single dose 15 mg, which means that for 1 dose you should take 1 teaspoon of syrup.
If you are prescribed a single dose of 30 mg, then you should take 2 teaspoons of syrup at a time.
Example: 2
The bottle contains 80 mg / 160 ml, where 80 mg is the active ingredient. In this case, the drug is recommended to take 1 teaspoon 2 times a day.
We calculate the dose in 1 ml: for this, the dose of the substance in the entire volume must be divided by the entire volume of the liquid:
80 mg divided by 160 ml = 0.5 mg in 1 ml.
Since a teaspoon holds 5 ml, we multiply the result by 5. That is: 0.5 mg X 5 \u003d 2.5 mg.
Therefore, 1 teaspoon (single dose) contains 2.5 mg. active substance.
Example: 3
The instructions indicate that 60 ml of the finished solution contains 3000 mg of the active substance.
And 60 ml is 12 teaspoons of 5 ml.
And now we are doing the calculations: the indicated dose of the substance is 3000 mg. divided by 12. That is: 3000 mg / 12 = 250 mg.
So 1 teaspoon of the finished solution is 250 mg.
Example: 4
100 mg. the active substance is contained in 5 ml.
In 1 ml. contains: 100 divided by 5 = 20 mg. active substance.
You need 150 mg.
We divide 150 mg by 20 mg - we get 7.5 ml.
DROPS
1 ml aqueous solution- 20 drops
1 ml alcohol solution- 40 drops
1 ml alcohol-ether solution - 60 drops
STANDARD DILUTION OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION
1 mg = 1000 mcg;
1 mcg = 1/1000 mg;
1000 mg = 1 g;
500 mg = 0.5 g;
100 mg = 0.1 g;
1% corresponds to 10 g/l and 10 mg/ml;
2% 20 g/l or 20 mg/ml;
1:1000 = 1 g/1000 ml = 1 mg/ml;
1:10,000 = 1 g/10,000 ml = 0.1 mg/ml or 100 µg/ml;
1:1,000,000 = 1 g/1,000,000 ml = 1 µg/ml
If the solvent is not provided in the package, then when diluting the antibiotic by 0.1 g (100,000 IU) of the powder, take 0.5 ml. solution.
So for breeding:
0.2 g. 1 ml is needed. solvent;
0.5 g. You need 2.5-3 ml. solvent;
1 g needs 5 ml. solvent;
Example: 1
The vial contains 0.5 g of dry drug. How much solvent should be taken to make 0.5 ml. the solution was 0.1 g of dry matter.
When diluting the antibiotic for 0.1 g of dry powder, take 0.5 ml. solvent, therefore:
0.1 g of dry matter - 0.5 ml. solvent
0.5 g of dry matter - X ml. solvent
Answer: to 0.5 ml. the solution was 0.1 g of dry matter, 2.5 ml should be taken. solvent.
Example: 2
The vial contains 1,000,000 units of dry medicine. How much solvent should be taken to make 0.5 ml. solution was 100,000 units of dry matter.
100,000 units of dry matter - 0.5 ml. dry matter
1 000 000 IU - X ml. solvent
Answer: so that in 0.5 ml of the solution there are 100,000 units. dry matter, you need to take 5 ml. solvent.
Example: 3
The vial contains 0.25 g of dry drug. How much solvent do you need to take in order to 1 ml. the solution was 0.1 g of dry matter.
1 ml solution - 0.1 g.
X ml. - 0.25 g.
Answer: so that in 1 ml. the solution was 0.1 g of dry matter, 2.5 ml should be taken. solvent.
Example: 4
The patient needs to enter 400,000 IU. penicillin. A bottle of 1,000,000 units. Dilute 1:1.
How many ml. solution must be taken.
When diluted 1:1 in 1 ml. solution contains 100,000 IU. 1 bottle of penicillin 1,000,000 IU. dilute 10 ml. solution.
If the patient needs to enter 400,000 units, then 4 ml must be taken. the resulting solution.
Attention! Before use medicines you need to consult a doctor. The information is provided for informational purposes only.