Emergency and assistance in case of acute poisoning. Emergency care for acute poisoning. Features of providing assistance in emergency situations. Help with acute allergic reactions. Poisoning with acids and alkalis

General events emergency care at acute poisoning are:

1. Stopping the entry of poison into the body;

2. Removal of unabsorbed toxicant from the gastrointestinal tract;

3. Use of antidotes;

4. Restoration and maintenance of impaired vital functions;

5. Elimination of individual intoxication syndromes.

Stopping the toxicant from entering the body

Activities are carried out directly at the site of the lesion of TCV and continue beyond it:

a) when exposed to a toxicant in the form of a gas, vapor or aerosol and there is a threat of inhalation injury - put on a gas mask (filter or insulating type) and immediately evacuate from the area of chemical contamination;

b) if there is a threat of damage by TCV with a pronounced skin-resorptive effect - put on skin protective equipment and evacuate from the affected area; if a toxicant gets on the skin, treat exposed areas with water, PPI liquid or other special solutions for 5-10 minutes, followed by complete sanitization;

c) if TCV gets into the eyes, immediately rinse the eyes with water or special solutions for 5-10 minutes.

Removal of unabsorbed toxicant from the gastrointestinal tract

Among the events held at prehospital stages providing assistance, relate:

a) inducing vomiting by pressing on the root of the tongue after drinking 3-5 glasses of water. The procedure is repeated 2-3 times (performed only in victims with preserved consciousness; Contraindicated in case of poisoning with cauterizing substances - concentrated acids, alkalis);

b) tube gastric lavage - 10-15 liters of water at room temperature (18-20 ° C) are carried out in portions of 300-500 ml using a thick probe with a bulb in its upper part, connected through a tee (for blowing the probe when it is clogged with food masses ). After inserting the tube into the stomach, it is necessary to perform active aspiration of the gastric contents. After the procedure is completed, it is advisable to introduce one of the enterosorbents (activated carbon, polysorb, carbolene, enterodes, polyphepan, carbolong, aerosil, etc.) or 150-200 g of petroleum jelly through the probe;

c) siphon enema.

Use of antidotes

Antidotes are prescribed according to With recommended regimens after identifying the cause of intoxication.

Restoration and maintenance of impaired vital functions

a) for breathing problems:

Restoring airway patency - eliminating tongue retraction; accumulation of mucus in the respiratory tract;

If the respiratory center is depressed, administer analeptics (cordiamine, caffeine, etimizol, bemegride, lobeline, cititon);

With increasing hypoxia - oxygen therapy;

Prevention toxic edema lungs.

b) in acute vascular insufficiency: intravenous sodium bicarbonate - 250-300 ml of 5% solution.

Elimination of individual intoxication syndromes

Activities are carried out after the affected person is removed from the chemical contamination zone:

A) convulsive syndrome- intramuscular or intravenous administration diazepam (seduxene) - 3-4 ml of 0.5% solution; intravenously, slowly sodium thiopental or hexenal - up to 20 ml of a 2.5% solution; administration (intramuscular or intravenous) lytic mixture(10 ml of 25% magnesium sulfate solution, 2 ml of 1% diphenhydramine solution, 1 ml of 2.5% chlorpromazine solution);

b) intoxication psychosis - intramuscular aminazine - 2 ml of a 2.5% solution and magnesium sulfate - 10 ml of a 25% solution; intramuscular tizercin (levomepromazine) - 2-3 ml of 2.5% solution; intravenously fentanyl - 2 ml of 0.005% solution, droperidol - 1-2 ml of 0.25% solution; orally sodium hydroxybutyrate - 3.0-5.0 ml;

c) hyperthermic syndrome - intramuscular analgin - 2 ml of 50% solution; intramuscular reopirin - 5 ml; intravenous or intramuscular lytic mixture.

Poisoning – painful condition caused by the introduction of toxic substances into the body.

Poisoning should be suspected in cases where there is complete healthy man suddenly feel ill immediately or after a short time after eating or drinking, taking medication, as well as cleaning clothes, dishes and plumbing fixtures with various chemicals, treating the room with substances that kill insects or rodents, etc. It may suddenly appear general weakness, up to loss of consciousness, vomiting, convulsions, shortness of breath, the skin of the face may suddenly turn pale or blue. The suspicion of poisoning is strengthened if one of the described symptoms or a combination of them appears in a group of people after eating or working together.

The causes of poisoning may be: medicines, food products, household chemicals, plant and animal poisons.

A toxic substance can enter the body in various ways: through gastrointestinal tract, Airways, skin, conjunctiva, when administering poison by injection (subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously).

The damage caused by poison can be limited only to the place of first direct contact with the body ( local action), which happens very rarely. Most often, the poison is absorbed and affects the body general action(resorptive), manifested by predominant lesions individual organs and body systems.

General principles of first aid for poisoning

1. Call an ambulance.
3. Measures to remove unabsorbed poison from the body.
4. Methods for accelerating the elimination of already absorbed poison.
5. Use of specific antidotes (antidotes).

1. In case of any acute poisoning, you must immediately call " ambulance" To provide qualified assistance, it is necessary to determine the type of poison that caused the poisoning. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve for presentation to emergency medical personnel all the secretions of the victim, as well as the remains of the poison found near the victim (tablets with a label, an empty bottle with a characteristic odor, opened ampoules, etc.).

2. Resuscitation measures are necessary in case of cardiac and respiratory arrest. Start them only if there is no pulse at all. carotid artery, and after removing vomit from oral cavity. These measures include artificial ventilation (ALV) and chest compressions. But this is not possible for all poisonings. There are poisons that are released with exhaled air (FOS, chlorinated hydrocarbons) from the respiratory tract of the victim, so those performing resuscitation can be poisoned by them.

3. Removal from the body of poison that is not absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes.

a) When poison enters through skin and conjunctiva of the eye.

If poison gets on the conjunctiva, it is best to rinse the eye clean water or milk so that the washing water from the affected eye does not get into the healthy one.

If poison enters through the skin, the affected area should be washed with a stream of tap water for 15–20 minutes. If this is not possible, the poison should be removed mechanically using a cotton swab. It is not recommended to intensively treat the skin with alcohol or vodka, or rub it with a cotton swab or washcloth, as this leads to dilation of the skin capillaries and increased absorption of poisons through the skin.

b) When poison enters through the mouth it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance, and only if this is impossible, or if it is delayed, only then can we proceed gastric lavage with water without using a tube. The victim is given several glasses of warm water to drink and then vomiting is induced by irritating the root of the tongue and pharynx with a finger or spoon. The total volume of water should be large enough, at home - at least 3 liters, when washing the stomach with a tube, use at least 10 liters.

It is better to use only clean warm water to rinse the stomach.

Probeless gastric lavage (described above) is ineffective, and in case of poisoning with concentrated acids and alkalis it is dangerous. The fact is that the concentrated poison contained in the vomit and gastric lavage waters repeatedly comes into contact with the affected areas of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and esophagus, and this leads to more severe burns of these organs. It is especially dangerous to perform gastric lavage without a tube in young children, since there is a high probability of aspiration (inhalation) of vomit or water into the respiratory tract, which will cause suffocation.

Forbidden:

1) cause vomiting in a person unconscious;
2) induce vomiting in case of poisoning with strong acids, alkalis, as well as kerosene, turpentine, since these substances can cause additional burns of the pharynx;
3) rinse the stomach with an alkali solution ( baking soda) in case of acid poisoning.

This is due to the fact that when acids and alkalis interact, gas is released, which, accumulating in the stomach, can cause perforation of the stomach wall or pain shock.

In case of poisoning with acids, alkalis, salts of heavy metals, the victim is given a drink enveloping agents. This is jelly, an aqueous suspension of flour or starch, vegetable oil, whipped in boiled cold water egg whites(2-3 proteins per 1 liter of water). They partially neutralize alkalis and acids, and form insoluble compounds with salts. During subsequent gastric lavage through a tube, the same means are used.

Very good effect obtained by injecting activated charcoal into the stomach of a poisoned person. Activated carbon has a high sorption (absorbing) ability to many toxic substances. The victim is given it at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight, or a coal suspension is prepared at the rate of 1 tablespoon of coal powder per glass of water. But it must be remembered that sorption on carbon is not strong; if it remains in the stomach or intestines for a long time, a toxic substance can be released from the microscopic pores of activated carbon and begin to be absorbed into the blood. Therefore, after taking activated carbon, it is necessary to administer a laxative. Sometimes, when providing first aid, activated carbon is given before gastric lavage, and then after this procedure.

Despite gastric lavage, some of the poison may enter the small intestine and get sucked in there. To speed up the passage of poison through the gastrointestinal tract and thereby limit its absorption, saline laxatives (magnesium sulfate - magnesia) are used, which are best administered through a tube after gastric lavage. In case of poisoning with fat-soluble poisons (gasoline, kerosene) it is used for this purpose. Vaseline oil.

To remove poison from the large intestine, cleansing enemas are indicated in all cases. The main liquid for colon lavage is pure water.

4. The implementation of methods for accelerating the elimination of absorbed poison requires the use of special equipment and trained personnel, so they are used only in a specialized department of the hospital.

5. Antidotes are used medical personnel ambulance or toxicology department of a hospital only after determining the poison that poisoned the victim

Children get poisoned mostly at home; all adults should remember this!

Poisoning is a painful condition caused by the introduction of toxic substances into the body.

Poisoning should be suspected in cases where a completely healthy person suddenly feels unwell immediately or a short time after eating or drinking, taking medication, as well as cleaning clothes, dishes and plumbing with various chemicals, treating the room with substances that kill insects or rodents, etc. P. Suddenly, general weakness may appear, even to the point of loss of consciousness, vomiting, convulsions, shortness of breath, and the skin of the face may suddenly turn pale or blue. The suspicion of poisoning is strengthened if one of the described symptoms or a combination of them appears in a group of people after eating or working together.

The causes of poisoning can be: medicines, food products, household chemicals, plant and animal poisons. A toxic substance can enter the body in various ways: through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, skin, conjunctiva, or when the poison is injected (subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously). The damage caused by the poison can be limited only to the place of first direct contact with the body (local effect), which is very rare. Most often, the poison is absorbed and has a general effect on the body (resorptive), manifested by primary damage to individual organs and systems of the body.

General principles of first aid for poisoning

1. Call an ambulance.

2. Resuscitation measures.

3. Measures to remove unabsorbed poison from the body.

4. Methods for accelerating the elimination of already absorbed poison.

5. Use of specific antidotes (antidotes).

1. In case of any acute poisoning, you must immediately call an ambulance. To provide qualified assistance, it is necessary to determine the type of poison that caused the poisoning. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve for presentation to emergency medical personnel all the secretions of the victim, as well as the remains of the poison found near the victim (tablets with a label, an empty bottle with a characteristic odor, opened ampoules, etc.).

2. Resuscitation measures are necessary in case of cardiac and respiratory arrest. They begin only if there is no pulse in the carotid artery, and after removing vomit from the oral cavity. These activities include artificial ventilation lungs (ventilator) and indirect massage hearts. But this is not possible for all poisonings. There are poisons that are released with exhaled air (FOS, chlorinated hydrocarbons) from the respiratory tract of the victim, so those performing resuscitation can be poisoned by them.

3. Removal from the body of poison that is not absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes.

A) When poison enters through the skin and conjunctiva of the eye.

If poison gets on the conjunctiva, it is best to rinse the eye with clean water or milk so that the rinsing water from the affected eye does not enter the healthy eye.

B) If poison enters through the mouth, it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance, and only if this is impossible, or if it is delayed, only then can one begin to lavage the stomach with water without using a tube. The victim is given several glasses of warm water to drink and then vomiting is induced by irritating the root of the tongue and pharynx with a finger or spoon. The total volume of water should be large enough, at home - at least 3 liters, when washing the stomach with a tube, use at least 10 liters.

It is better to use only clean warm water to rinse the stomach.

It is prohibited: 1) to induce vomiting in an unconscious person; 2) induce vomiting in case of poisoning with strong acids, alkalis, as well as kerosene, turpentine, since these substances can cause additional burns of the pharynx; 3) rinse the stomach with an alkali solution (baking soda) in case of acid poisoning. This is due to the fact that the interaction of acids and alkalis releases gas, which, accumulating in the stomach, can cause perforation of the stomach wall or painful shock.

In case of poisoning with acids, alkalis, or salts of heavy metals, the victim is given enveloping agents to drink. This is jelly, a water suspension of flour or starch, vegetable oil, egg whites beaten in boiled cold water (2-3 whites per 1 liter of water). They partially neutralize alkalis and acids, and form insoluble compounds with salts. During subsequent gastric lavage through a tube, the same means are used.

A very good effect is obtained by introducing activated carbon into the stomach of a poisoned person. Activated carbon has a high sorption (absorbing) ability to many toxic substances. The victim is given it at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight, or a coal suspension is prepared at the rate of 1 tablespoon of coal powder per glass of water. But it must be remembered that sorption on carbon is not strong; if it remains in the stomach or intestines for a long time, a toxic substance can be released from the microscopic pores of activated carbon and begin to be absorbed into the blood. Therefore, after taking activated carbon, it is necessary to administer a laxative. Sometimes, when providing first aid, activated carbon is given before gastric lavage, and then after this procedure.

Despite gastric lavage, some of the poison may enter the small intestine and be absorbed there. To speed up the passage of poison through the gastrointestinal tract and thereby limit its absorption, saline laxatives (magnesium sulfate - magnesia) are used, which are best administered through a tube after gastric lavage. In case of poisoning with fat-soluble poisons (gasoline, kerosene), Vaseline oil is used for this purpose.

To remove poison from the large intestine, cleansing enemas are indicated in all cases. The main liquid for colon lavage is clean water.

5. Antidotes are used by emergency medical personnel or the toxicology department of a hospital only after determining the poison that poisoned the victim

Children get poisoned mostly at home; all adults should remember this!

7. Acute poisoning caused by bites of snakes and poisonous arthropods.

Snake bites.

Snake bites cause acute poisoning due to the specific action of snake venom - a product of the poisonous glands of snakes. The most dangerous venomous snakes for humans belong to the following 4 families:

1) sea snakes living in the coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans;

2) adders (Central Asian cobra, etc.);

3) pit snakes (copper snakes - Asian, eastern, rocky);

4) vipers (viper, sand viper, common viper, steppe viper, Radde viper, Caucasian viper, long-nosed viper)

The main active principles of poisons are toxic proteins, which account for more than 60% of the dry weight of the poison. The poison is injected into the victim's body using two teeth. Broken teeth are immediately replaced with spare ones, and therefore the removal of poisonous teeth does not neutralize the snake.

When providing first aid, the victim must be ensured complete rest in a horizontal position immediately after the bite. Opening the wounds with pressure and, starting in the first minutes, vigorous suctioning of the contents of the wounds with the mouth allows you to remove from 20 to 50% of the injected poison.

Suction by mouth is carried out for 15 minutes (it is not at all dangerous for the first aid provider), after which the wound is disinfected in the usual way and a sterile bandage is applied to it, which is periodically loosened as swelling develops so that it does not cut into the soft tissue.

Applying a tourniquet to the affected limb greatly aggravates both local and general manifestations of the disease, often leads to gangrene, and increases mortality. Incisions, cauterization, injection of potassium permanganate and other strong oxidizing agents into the bite area, and all traumatic local effects are contraindicated. The spread of poison in the body is significantly slowed down with early immobilization of the affected part of the body with splints, after which the victim should be transported on a stretcher to the nearest medical facility as quickly as possible. For asp bites, it is necessary to administer Anticobra serum in a dose of up to 300 ml or more.

Bites from poisonous arthropods.

Scorpion stings cause acute excruciating pain in the area where the venom hits. The severity of redness and swelling in the affected area varies widely. Sometimes superficial blisters with liquid appear in the bite area. Symptoms of general poisoning of the body are observed only in individual victims, mainly in preschool children. General malaise, headache, dizziness, chills, pain in the heart area, shortness of breath, and palpitations are observed.

Karakurt bites do not cause any significant local reaction to poison, but are accompanied by significant and peculiar poisoning of the body. Within 5-20 minutes, pronounced muscle weakness, gait disturbance develops, and sharp, excruciating pain appears in the limbs, lumbar region and abdomen.

Bites of other spiders and scolopendra are accompanied by a weak local reaction to the poison and do not require special treatment.

Wasp and bee stings are accompanied by a sharp local pain reaction and the appearance of moderate redness and swelling in the affected area. Severe general poisoning - convulsions, loss of consciousness, vomiting - are observed only with multiple stings (deaths have been recorded with several hundred stings).

Poisoning– a painful condition caused by the introduction of toxic substances into the body.

Causes of poisoning may be: medicines, food products, household chemicals, poisons of plants and animals. A toxic substance can enter the body in various ways: through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, skin, conjunctiva, or when the poison is injected (subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously). The damage caused by the poison can be limited only to the place of first direct contact with the body (local effect), which is very rare. Most often, the poison is absorbed and has a general effect on the body (resorptive), manifested by primary damage to individual organs and systems of the body.

General principles of first aid for poisoning

1. Call an ambulance.

2. Resuscitation measures.

3. Measures to remove unabsorbed poison from the body.

4. Methods for accelerating the elimination of already absorbed poison.

5. Use of specific antidotes (antidotes).

2. Resuscitation measures are necessary in case of cardiac and respiratory arrest. They begin only if there is no pulse in the carotid artery, and after removing vomit from the oral cavity. These measures include artificial ventilation (ALV) and chest compressions. But this is not possible for all poisonings. There are poisons that are released with exhaled air (FOS, chlorinated hydrocarbons) from the respiratory tract of the victim, so those performing resuscitation can be poisoned by them.

3. Removal from the body of poison that is not absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes.

a) When poison enters through the skin and conjunctiva of the eye.

If poison gets on the conjunctiva, it is best to rinse the eye with clean water or milk so that the rinsing water from the affected eye does not enter the healthy eye.

It is better to use only clean warm water to rinse the stomach.

Forbidden: 1) induce vomiting in an unconscious person; 2) induce vomiting in case of poisoning with strong acids, alkalis, as well as kerosene, turpentine, since these substances can cause additional burns of the pharynx; 3) rinse the stomach with an alkali solution (baking soda) in case of acid poisoning. This is due to the fact that the interaction of acids and alkalis releases gas, which, accumulating in the stomach, can cause perforation of the stomach wall or painful shock.

A very good effect is obtained by introducing activated carbon into the stomach of a poisoned person. Activated carbon has a high sorption (absorbing) ability to many toxic substances. The victim is given it at the rate of 1 tablet
per 10 kg of body weight or prepare a coal suspension at the rate of 1 tablespoon of coal powder per glass of water. But it must be remembered that sorption on carbon is not strong; if it remains in the stomach or intestines for a long time, a toxic substance can be released from the microscopic pores of activated carbon and begin to be absorbed into the blood. Therefore, after taking activated carbon, it is necessary to administer a laxative. Sometimes, when providing first aid, activated carbon is given before gastric lavage, and then after this procedure.

To remove poison from the large intestine, cleansing enemas are indicated in all cases. The main liquid for colon lavage is clean water.

5. Antidotes are used by emergency medical personnel or the toxicology department of a hospital only after determining the poison that poisoned the victim

Children get poisoned mostly at home; all adults should remember this!

First aid for drug poisoning.

Drug poisoning is especially dangerous to human life when it is caused sleeping pills or sedatives means. For drug poisoning characterized by two phases.

Symptoms: in the first phase - excitement, loss of orientation, incoherent speech, chaotic movement, pale skin, rapid pulse, noisy, rapid breathing. In the second phase, sleep occurs, which can turn into an unconscious state.

Urgent Care: Before the doctor arrives, rinse the stomach and give strong tea or coffee, 100g of black crackers to drink, do not leave the patient alone, immediately call an ambulance.

Barbiturates

After 30-60 minutes. after taking toxic doses of barbiturates, symptoms similar to those observed during alcohol intoxication are observed. Nystagmus and constriction of the pupils may be observed. Gradually comes deep dream or (in severe poisoning) loss of consciousness. The depth of the coma depends on the concentration of the drug in the blood. In a deep coma - breathing is rare, shallow, the pulse is weak, cyanosis, a symptom of “play of the pupils” (alternating dilation and constriction of the pupils).

Urgent Care. If the patient is conscious, it is necessary to induce vomiting or rinse the stomach through a tube with salted water, introduce activated charcoal and a saline diuretic. In case of coma - gastric lavage after preliminary intubation. Repeated rinsing is indicated every 3-4 hours until consciousness is restored.

Neuroleptics

Shortly after taking toxic doses of chlorpromazine, general weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and dry mouth are observed. In case of poisoning medium degree After some time of heaviness, shallow sleep sets in, lasting a day or more. The skin is pale and dry. Body temperature is reduced. Coordination is impaired. Tremor and hyperkinesis are possible.

In severe poisoning, coma develops.

Reflexes are reduced or disappear. Paroxysms of general convulsions and respiratory depression may develop. Cardiac activity is weakened, the pulse is frequent, weak filling and tension, arrhythmias are possible. Blood pressure is reduced (up to the development of shock), the skin is pale, cyanosis. Death occurs from depression of the respiratory center and cardiovascular failure.

Urgent Care. Gastric lavage with water containing table salt or isotonic sodium chloride solution. Saline laxative and activated charcoal. Oxygen therapy. In case of respiratory depression - IV L; in case of collapse - intravenous administration of fluids and norepinephrine. For arrhythmia - lidocaine and diphenine. For convulsions - diazepam, 2 ml of 0.5% solution.

Tranquilizers

20 minutes - 1 hour after taking the drug, general weakness, dizziness, unsteadiness of gait, impaired coordination (staggering when sitting, walking, moving limbs) and speech (chanting) occur. Psychomotor agitation may develop. Sleep soon sets in, lasting 10-13 hours. In severe poisoning, a deep coma with muscle atony, areflexia, respiratory depression and cardiac activity may develop, which can lead to death.

Urgent Care. Repeated gastric lavage every 3-4 hours during the first day. Saline laxative and activated charcoal. In case of respiratory depression - mechanical ventilation.

Drug poisoning can be when taken orally, as well as when administering narcotic drugs by injection. Narcotic drugs are quickly absorbed in the stomach. Lethal dose, for example, when ingesting morphine 0.5-1 g.

Opiates

Clinical picture opioid intoxication: euphoria, severe miosis - pupils are constricted, their reaction to light is weakened, skin redness, increased muscle tone or cramps, dry mouth, dizziness, frequent urination.

Stunning gradually increases and coma develops. Breathing is depressed, slow, shallow. Death occurs due to paralysis of the respiratory center.

Urgent Care: turn the victim on his side or stomach, clear the airways of mucus and vomit; bring a cotton swab with ammonia to your nose; call an ambulance; Before the arrival of doctors, monitor the breathing pattern; if the breathing rate decreases less than 8-10 times per minute, begin artificial respiration.

Repeated gastric lavage with activated carbon or potassium permanganate (1:5000), forced diuresis, saline laxative. Oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation. Warming. The drug of choice is a morphine antagonist - naloxone, 1 ml IM (to restore breathing); in the absence - nalorphine, 3-5 ml of 0.5% solution i.v. For bradycardia - 0.5-1 ml of 0.1% atropine solution, for OL - 40 mg of Lasix.

Alcohol poisoning occurs as a result of taking large quantities of alcohol (more than 500 ml of vodka) and its surrogates. In sick, weakened, overtired people, and especially in children, even small doses of alcohol can cause poisoning.

Ethyl alcohol belongs to a number of narcotic drugs and has a depressant effect on the central nervous system. The lethal dose when taken orally for adults is about 1 liter of 40% solution, but in people who abuse alcohol or regularly use it, lethal dose may be significantly higher. The lethal blood alcohol concentration is about 3-4%.

Symptoms: mental disturbances (excitement or depression), increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, dizziness, nausea, vomiting.

IN medical care Patients who are unconscious or even comatose need it.

Reasons fatal outcome are breathing disorders (most often mechanical asphyxia), o. cardiovascular failure, collapse.

Urgent Care: turn the patient on his side and clear the airways of mucus and vomit; rinse the stomach; put cold on your head; bring a cotton swab with ammonia to your nose: call an ambulance.

Flushing the stomach through a thick tube with small portions of warm water with the addition of sodium bicarbonate or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. In case of sharp depression of consciousness, tracheal intubation is first performed to prevent aspiration of vomit; if intubation is impossible, gastric lavage is not recommended for patients in a coma. To restore impaired breathing, 2 ml of 10% caffeine benzoate solution, 1 ml of 0.1% atropine or cordiamine solution on glucose are administered intravenously. To accelerate the oxidation of alcohol in the blood, 500 ml of 20% glucose solution, 3-5 ml of 5% thiamine bromide solution, 3-5 ml of 5% pyridoxine hydrochloride solution, 5-10 ml of 5% solution are administered intravenously. -ra ascorbic acid.

Antihistamines

The severity of poisoning depends both on the dose of the drug taken and on the degree of individual sensitivity to it.

The first symptoms appear after 10-90 minutes. from the moment of taking the drug. Intoxication is manifested by lethargy, drowsiness, unsteady gait, incoherent slurred speech, and dilated pupils. Dry mouth occurs due to poisoning diphenhydramine- numbness of the oral cavity.

In case of poisoning moderate severity a short period of stunning is replaced by a state of psychomotor agitation, ending after 5-7 hours restless sleep. Throughout the entire period of intoxication, dry skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia and tachypnea persist.

Severe poisoning is accompanied by arterial hypotension, respiratory depression and ends in sleep or coma. In the initial period of intoxication, convulsive twitching of the muscles of the face and limbs is noted. Attacks of general tonic-clonic seizures are possible.

Urgent Care. Gastric lavage, administration of saline laxative, cleansing enema. To relieve seizures - Seduxen, 5-10 mg IV; when excited - aminazine or tizercin intramuscularly. Physostigmine (s.c.), or galantamine (s.c.), aminostigmine (i.v. or i.m.) is indicated.

Clonidine

The clinical picture of clonidine poisoning includes depression of the central nervous system up to coma, bradycardia, collapse, miosis, dry mouth, dizziness, and weakness.

Urgent Care. Gastric lavage, administration of adsorbents, forced diuresis. For bradycardia - atropine 1 mg IV with 20 ml of 40% glucose solution. For collapse - 30-60 mg prednisolone IV.

Emergency and assistance in case of acute poisoning. Emergency care for acute poisoning. Features of providing assistance in emergency situations. Help with acute allergic reactions. Poisoning with acids and alkalis

General principles of first aid for poisoning

More on the topic First aid for acute poisoning:

7. Acute poisoning caused by bites of snakes and poisonous arthropods.