The invisible enemy: which regions of Russia are the leaders in the spread of encephalitis ticks. The invisible enemy: which regions of Russia are the leaders in the spread of encephalitis ticks Encephalitis ticks

With the onset of the spring season, when the snow gradually begins to melt around and nature awakens, ticks appear from under the ground and leaves in order to profit from something. For this purpose, they can penetrate under the fur of hedgehogs, dogs, cats, hares, and even under human skin. Therefore, those who live in a country house should take care in advance to protect themselves from them as follows: throughout summer cottage it is necessary to carry out disinsection work and carefully remove dry, fallen vegetation.

This is due to the fact that dangerous ticks are usually found under leaves, in grass or near bird nests.

In parks, of course, they use preventive measures against encephalitis ticks, but this is not 100% sure that they will not be there at all, and they will not bring any harm to others. To protect yourself from them, it is also recommended to regularly use sprays and ointments. Prevent attack dangerous ticks You can treat your pets by purchasing special drops for them.

A tick is a type of blood-sucking insect. It looks like a spider because it has several legs. There are some varieties of mites, but they are not very different from each other. Being in their habitat areas, they can smell their prey a couple of meters away. Their only drawback is the lack of vision. After a tick bite, a person may develop an infectious disease. The two most dangerous are considered to be the encephalitis virus and Lyme disease. They damage the nervous system and can sometimes cause death.

In the event of a blood-sucking insect bite, it is necessary to provide medical care no later than 96 hours.

For a victim of a dangerous tick bite, the doctor injects immunoglobulin under the skin, which fights the infection and completely destroys it. But not all ticks carry it. To test yourself for infection, you need to take the tick that bit the person to the laboratory.

You should usually beware of encephalitis ticks when the weather is cloudy and damp. Their most active season is April. At this time, they begin to actively reproduce and look for new victims to feed on blood. There is an assumption that due to the presence of receptors on their paws, ticks are able to sense it at a long distance. They sit on the stems of the plant and wait to bite the victim and profit from the blood. Due to the fact that after a bite a substance such as a secret is released, this allows the tick to gain a good foothold on the skin and live for several days in a row.

Dangerous areas

Despite the fact that in the Moscow region there are this moment There have been no recorded cases of people becoming infected with encephalitis; in Yaroslavl, Tver and some other regions this happens every day. It is also known that in many areas of the Moscow region there are ticks that carry tularemia and Lyme disease. Therefore, those who plan to visit these areas of Russia are vaccinated in advance. More than 1,000 people had this procedure done last year.

According to statistics, 71.4% of incidents related to tick bites occurred precisely in those regions where a person lives. In 2017, encephalitis ticks were recorded on the map in all districts of the Moscow region. In Russia, the most dangerous ones to visit are: Taldomsky, Orekhovo-Zuevsky, Klinsky, Naro-Fominsky, Egoryevsky, Lukhovitsky, Mytishchi, Pavlovo-Posad and others.

To check where the tick has bitten, you need to see a doctor. Most often tick bites are found:

On the back of the head;
Near the navel;
In the armpits of the body.

In 2017 in Russia, the number of people who became infected from tick bites was equal to the number of those who were exposed to tick bites. Those who have never been vaccinated against tick bites undergo another procedure - revaccination. It should be remembered that ticks are found not only in those places marked on the map of Russia, but also in other areas. In 2017, the number of emerging diseases in dangerous areas on the tick map was analyzed. In 46 medical institutions in Moscow, 397 of them were recorded. Compared to previous years, this figure has increased significantly. It often happens that people are bitten by ticks that were transported from other areas. This happens to those who have not been vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis.

Let's take a closer look at the map

Making a forecast of what it will be like next year after warming and the appearance of ticks, this is done based on information from last year and weather conditions. What places will be the main places for dangerous ticks to stay this year? Due to the fact that these insects never radically change their location, the areas where most of them are located do not change on the map. In the Moscow region, ticks are most active in spring and early autumn. Therefore, before going there, you need to pay attention to what dangerous areas with ticks on the map.

Overwintered ticks can hide in dry leaves and grass. After hibernation, they need food, so the beginning of spring is the time to look for prey. Ticks cling to all warm-blooded creatures that they meet on their way, these are mice, hedgehogs, hares, cats, dogs, which spread ticks even more throughout the regions of Russia. If you are going to the country or live outside the city, be sure to carry out tick prevention in your area - remove dry branches, leaves and grass, and then do by special means, such as Cifox, Ram, Sipaz Super, Bytex, Acarocide, Breeze, Acaritox.

Wear a hat. Although ticks rarely rise to a height of more than one and a half meters and cannot fly, it is better to protect yourself, because you can bend over for the first flower and pick up a pest from a nearby branch right on your hair. Treat your clothes with anti-tick spray, since there is a very large selection of ticks in stores. Don't spray chemicals, intended for clothing, on the skin!

In which areas of the Moscow region are ticks most active in 2019?

The first tick bites in 2019 were recorded in March in Solnechnogorsk, Lukhovitsky, Shakhovsky and Zaraisky districts. There were no cases of encephalitis or borreliosis infection. Ticks in the Moscow region rarely transmit encephalitis; they mainly transmit Lyme disease and tularemia. If you are planning to travel to an area potentially susceptible to encephalitis, go through. Last year, more than a thousand people voluntarily underwent such a procedure and protected themselves in advance.

As of September 1 last year, vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis 5186 people, including children - 1350 .

In almost all areas of the Moscow region there is a threat of infection with borreliosis () from a bite. The infection map of the Moscow region warns that in 2018 the most dangerous areas are: Taldomsky, Dmitrovsky, Istrinsky, Voskresensky, Volokolamsky, Shatursky, Lukhovitsky, Egoryevsky, Domodedovo, Ramensky, Noginsky, Pavlovo-Posadsky, Ozersky, Orekhovo-Zeuvsky, Lyuberetsky, Ruzsky, Naro-Fominsk, Ruzsky, Pushkinsky, Kolomensky, Serpukhovsky, Stupinsky, Solnechnogorsk, Khimki, Lotoshinsky, Klinsky, Shchelkovsky, Mytishchi, Krasnogorsky.

As of September 1, 2018, medical organizations registered in Moscow and the region 9521 cases of tick bites, including on children - 2792 .

The most disadvantaged areas at the moment: Dmitrovsky, Taldomsky, Shatursky, Kolomensky, Noginsky, Orekhovo-Zuevsky, Pavlovo-Posadsky, Balashikha.

Although Moscow parks are treated against ticks, there remains a risk of encountering a tick in a city park or square. After your walk, check yourself and your pets. Ticks like to attach themselves to humans on the back of the head, neck, armpits and groin areas.

The number of people bitten is growing every day. Last year, the number of people infected with encephalitis in the Moscow region was about 400. In 2017, more than 500,000 people were officially reported to have been bitten by ticks.

At the end of August 2018, visits to emergency rooms and other medical institutions regarding tick bites were recorded in the following disadvantaged areas: tick-borne areas:

Ramensky district – 485
Dmitrovsky district – 465
Kolomna – 432
Lyubertsy – 424
Serpukhov district – 423
Balashikha – 412
Noginsk district – 368
Orekhovo-Zuevsky district – 310
Naro-Fominsk district – 299
Sergiev Posad district – 274
in other municipalities, between 20 and 200 cases were registered.

What should I do if bitten by a tick?

If you are bitten in the Moscow region or any other region, first of all, carefully remove it. If you have not been vaccinated, save the tick for later transfer for research. In Moscow this point is located at Grafsky Lane, building 4, building 2, 3, 4 - “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow”. In case of receiving positive result from the laboratory, immediately contact a specialized medical institution in your region for treatment.

If you are unable to take the tick for laboratory testing, or you did not save it, get tested for antibodies two to four weeks after the bite.

Risk of infection tick-borne encephalitis when located in the tick habitat area, the tick remains throughout the warm period of the year, but the likelihood of getting it is much higher in endemic regions. Let's find out which regions of the Russian Federation are endemic for tick-borne encephalitis, and which of them are the most dangerous during the period.

An area endemic for tick-borne encephalitis is an area in whose ecosystem the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis is constantly present, and almost every season there are cases of encephalitis in people bitten by ticks in this region.

The risk of getting bitten in the regions listed above varies. For example, in Crimea and the Volga region, cases of the disease are recorded once every few years, and in Siberia and Far East Dozens of people die every year from tick-borne encephalitis.

Specifics of endemic areas

Localization area natural source The virus is constant, but its boundaries change from time to time, and within the range itself, areas free from tick vectors sometimes form.

Ticks concentrate mainly in the forest zone, preferring shady, cool corners with tall, dense grass. But some forest areas are so isolated that ticks are not able to penetrate their territory. An example is the mountainous Caucasus. There are forests and living conditions suitable for ticks, but there are no encephalitis ticks here, since they have not reached this region.

There are more ticks in the east than in the west

The degree of danger of contracting tick-borne encephalitis within the main tick habitat increases from west to east. Cases of disease are recorded especially often in the southern regions of the Far East. Most likely, this is due to humid, warm summers and the presence of mixed forests.

The most dangerous regions of the Far East:

Amur region;
Sakhalin;
Khabarovsk region;
Jewish Autonomous Region;
Primorsky Krai.

What is characteristic: following warming, ticks move from east to west, and the peak of their numbers and activity in different regions varies throughout the season.

Incidence of encephalitis by region

If we compare the number of cases in different regions, the picture will also look heterogeneous.

Every year per 100 thousand people fall ill with:

Up to 4 people in North-West federal district(Leningrad, Arkhangelsk regions).
About 4-10 people in the Tver region and Khabarovsk region.
Approximately 10-20 people – Khanty-Mansiysk, Tyumen, Omsk and Irkutsk regions.
About 20-40 people - Chita, Ufa and Sverdlovsk regions.
Over 40 people – Krasnoyarsk and Altai territories.

In the Far East endemic areas have existed for hundreds of years, and situations in better side does not change. In contrast to this, in the European territory of the country, the number of people sick with tick-borne encephalitis is decreasing from year to year due to the anthropogenic factor (urbanization, land cultivation, landscape changes) and enhanced measures to combat the occurrence of the disease - vaccinations, the use of protective equipment.

Frightening statistics

Over the past week, the number of people visiting medical institutions due to tick bites increased from 31 to 58 thousand people. A year ago this figure was 1.6 times higher. Rospotrebnadzor reported this, writes TASS . In mid-March, the agency began weekly monitoring of the spread of viral encephalitis and other infections transmitted through tick bites. During the warm spring days, the number of Russians who consulted doctors about tick bites grew rapidly: on April 28, about 12.5 thousand people complained of bites, and by May 5 their number exceeded 30 thousand, and by May 12 - 58 thousand.

Rospotrebnadzor carries out treatment of the area aimed at eliminating ticks (so-called acaricidal). The department noted that to date more than 105 thousand hectares have been processed.

“More than 120 thousand hectares are planned for cultivation, which is 30 percent more than last year,” the department’s press service noted.

According to statistics, the first peak of tick activity in the capital region is attributed to April-June, however, in the spring of 2017, ticks “woke up” earlier, beginning to manifest themselves already in the second ten days of March, the site writes “ 360 Moscow region ". In Moscow, large parks, recreation areas and cemeteries are annually treated as part of prevention.

Treatment of areas against ticks is carried out in different regions of the country. For example, in Kemerovo this year it is planned to treat more than 1.5 million square meters of green areas with special means, and in Chelyabinsk - 80 public recreation facilities with a total area of 226 hectares. In Krasnoyarsk They plan to treat more than 200 hectares of land against ticks.

Danger

Ticks are carriers of dangerous infectious diseases: tick-borne borreliosis, tick-borne viral encephalitis, ehrlichiosis, Crimean hemorrhagic fever, tularemia, relapsing tick-borne typhus, Tsutsugamushi fever, Astrakhan spotted fever and many others. At the same time, encephalitis is the most famous, but far from the most common in central region Russia disease. Cases of tick-borne borreliosis or Lyme disease are much more common. The infection is very insidious; it may not appear for years. In severe cases, borreliosis can become chronic, leading to damage internal organs, nervous system, joints and heart. As of May 12, 2017in St. Petersburg Tick bites infected at least six people, including a child, with Lyme disease.

Ticks found in the Moscow region, as a rule, are not carriers of encephalitis; in this region they are carriers of borreliosis. Encephalitis is carried by ticks living in Altai, Western and Eastern Siberia. Meanwhile, on April 25, 2017, Russian scientists isolated strains of a new type of borreliosis. Alexander Platonov, head of the laboratory of natural focal infections of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, in an interview with the newspaper " News " said that the new kind Tick-borne borreliosis is similar in its symptoms to tick-borne encephalitis.

A new subtype of borreliosis is transmitted by the bacteria Borrelia Miyamotoi, which actively multiply in salivary glands tick. The symptoms are immediately visible and resemble acute respiratory infections, poisoning or the flu: heat at 40−41 degrees, nausea, vomiting, headaches and pain in muscles and joints. The disease can only be detected using PCR tests. As Platonov noted, in Russia, especially in Siberia, up to ten percent of all ticks are infected with the new pathogen of borreliosis.

The insidiousness of borreliosis is that there are no vaccinations against it. The only way to protect yourself is to minimize the risk of blood-sucking insects getting on the human body, which is especially important when traveling into nature, reportsTV channel "Moscow 24" .

Protect yourself and your loved ones

A number of simple rules will help you avoid becoming a victim of ticks. First, there are vaccines for viral encephalitis. Vaccinations can be done in clinics, medical centers and research institutes. U medical institution Where you plan to get vaccinated, there must be a license. In some of them, vaccinations are free. The list of institutions can be foundon the Rospotrebnadzor website . It is also necessary to remember that vaccinations must be done in advance, and to form stable immunity - over several years and at strictly defined intervals. For detailed instructions For vaccination, you should consult a doctor.