Tomilino news from the history of the native land of Tomilino. Tomilino. Ascent to the origins. Culture, social sphere

Tomilino. Ascent to the origins.

For some, Tomilino is a small speck on geographical map, for others - just a platform on the railway leading from the eastern regions of the country to Moscow, for others - a summer cottage.

For us, who were born, permanently live or work here, Tomilino is a part of our Motherland, a wonderful, unique corner of the Moscow region. And at the same time, this is our living history, rooted in the last decade of the 19th century. Surprisingly, until this time central part The area was completely untouched: continuous mixed forest. No streets, no houses - only surrounded by ancient villages and hamlets, where the countdown dates back to 1370. (Zhilino, lands of the Chudov Monastery), Kirillovka (Mikhailovskaya) has been known since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the village of Khlystovo - since 1650.

The connecting thread between the distant Old Believer village of Tokarevo and the other extreme village of Khlystovo was a country road, almost straight, worn for years and compacted by carts and sleighs. It crossed the old Ryazan road, passed through the forest (along the future Pushkin Street), crossed a railway crossing and ran straight into the Kasimovsky tract (now Yegoryevskoe highway), along left side which extended ancient land village of Khlystovo.

Where the railway passes, there is life. And it is not surprising that on both sides of this road from Moscow to Kolomna, the construction of country estates began in the most picturesque places. The “dacha boom” affected Kraskovo, Malakhovka, Bykovo, Ilyinka and, of course, our area.

One of the very first enterprising developers who bought land along the railway track from Prince Andrei Sergeevich Obolensky was Klavdiy Nikolaevich Tomilin - a member of the Moscow-Ryazan joint-stock company railway, trustee of the Volkov and Sons banking office. A. Obolensky also owned the village of Kraskovo with adjacent lands, a plot of pine forest with an admixture of spruce and birch trees between the villages of Kirillovka and Khlystovo, as well as the floodplains of the Pekhorka River.

The carpenter's axes began to knock, and in the summer of 1895 the first five dachas were erected according to right side present Pushkin Street. Dachas were rented out, and there were plenty of people who wanted to relax here in the summer: air, a river, mushrooms, berries, peasants brought meat, eggs, and various foods. Ringing silence... And at the same time - close to the capital. These summer cottages became the foundation of the future large holiday village, which received its name in honor of Claudius Tomilin.

Then other developers appeared: the restaurateur Testov, the fishmonger merchant Murysov, the merchant wife Sadomov, the manufacturer Ostroumov, the tea merchant Dubinin, whom we will talk about a little later.

Claudius Nikolaevich, being an energetic man and, of course, in control of the situation, turned to the Moscow-Ryazan Railway with a request to open a dacha platform near the settlement. At that time, there was a practice when, for a certain fee paid to the road ticket office, and if technically possible, a stopping point was set up. Thus, thanks to Tomilin’s efforts, the platform was opened in 1896. Here is how the “Moscow List” wrote on Tuesday, July 9, 1896: “The other day, 2 versts from Malakhovka, a new platform “Tomilovskaya” was built, at which railway trains now stop, because In this area, up to 10 dachas have already been built, already rented, and by next year their number will increase even more.” The correspondent, of course, misheard: not “Tomilovskaya”, but “Tomilinskaya”. But the rest is all true.

Among other things, the wise Tomilin, in order to attract Muscovites to their dachas, advised the peasants of neighboring villages to come here to the trains and sell milk, apples, and garden herbs. Everything worked for the development of the village.

Claudius Nikolaevich Tomilin lived great life- 96 years old. However, many Old Believers merchants differed good health and longevity.

The Tomilins trace their family back to the beginning of the 18th century - from the Tula merchant Dmitry Tomilin - our great-great-grandfather Claudius Tomilin. Great-grandfather Feoktist Dmitrievich appeared in Moscow in 1824 and was with the rank of merchant of the 3rd guild. Grandfather Ivan Feoktistovich and father Nikolai Ivanovich, as well as their sons Claudius and Dmitry, according to the Revizsky tales of merchants of the city of Moscow (Materials on the history of the Moscow merchants, Moscow, 1889) lived in own home beyond the Moscow River in the so-called town of “Golutvin” near “Babiy Gorodok” and “Yakimanka” in the parish of the Church of St. Nicholas the Pleasant.

In the “Reference book on persons who received trade certificates for the city of Moscow in 1869,” it is noted that the Tomilins merchants under the company “F and N Tomilins” were especially successful in trading needle goods in Needle Row.

Tomilino is the largest municipal formation among the villages of the Moscow region with a population of 31 thousand people, industrial enterprises, a developed system of trade and cultural and public services. The village is located 25 kilometers from Moscow. Its borders include the villages of Kirillovka, Zhilino, Chapel, Tokarevo. And it arose as a result of the opening of railway traffic along the Moscow - Ryazan line.

The road was consecrated near the village of Zhulebino (near the current Kosino platform). On January 21, 1862, a test flight was made. The train ran 45 miles to the station in the village of Ramenskoye with a single stop in Lyubertsy. Two Khlyst peasants, seeing the “miracle,” gasped and took off their hats.

In 1865, traffic opened to Ryazan. The “cast iron” was used by summer residents. A member of the joint-stock company of the Moscow-Ryazan Railway, a trustee of the Volkov and Sons banking office, Klavdiy Nikolaevich Tomilin (died in April 1947 at the age of 96), also chose a place in the green area for construction. He built 5 dachas. Others followed his example. And in 1896 there was already a train stop near the dachas. The name Tomilino was assigned to the village after the name of the first developer.
Houses and streets grew quickly on both sides of the stop. In 1904, the first plan of the village appeared. And the dacha owners decided to name the streets after the names of famous Russian writers. The first streets to appear were Pushkin, Gogol, Nikitin, and Garshin. In 1914, there were 350 dachas and other residential buildings here. A summer theater with a dance floor appeared. Opened in 1920 Primary School. An important event happened in 1925: kerosene lamps were replaced by electric ones.
And on June 6, 1968, a monument to A.S. was unveiled in Tomilin. Pushkin. The great poet's gaze is directed towards the street that bears his name.

Over time, industrial enterprises appeared here. In April 1928, the Charter of the Tomilino glove fishing artel was registered, which grew into a factory in the early fifties. On its basis, a large company “Trud” was then created, which included the corresponding production facilities in the cities of Ramenskoye, Bronnitsy, Zhukovsky and others. The company grew into the Spetsodezhda association, for which a specialized building was built in the village of Kraskovo.
More than two hundred years ago, on an island in the Pekhorka River, the Moscow merchant Vorontsov kept a grain mill.
In 1958, the Tomilino Abrasive Plant was created on this site. The goal is to establish the production of diamond wheels based on Yakut diamonds. This is how the well-known diamond tools factory came into being - the joint-stock company "MPO for the production of diamond tools." And downstream the river the Pekhorskaya spinning factory grew up.

Aviation enterprises brought fame to the village. First of all, the joint-stock company NPP Zvezda. At first, the enterprise was strictly classified. Now it has become world famous. Cosmonauts fly to the ISS in spacesuits from Zvezda.

The plant was born in accordance with the government decree of October 2, 1952 - for the production of safety equipment for crews of high-speed and high-altitude aircraft (ejection seats, etc.). And then they started working here on the space program. Initially, in Tomilin they sewed “clothes” for the dogs Belka and Strelka. The costume for the first cosmonaut was prepared with special love. Yuri Gagarin visited here several times and tried on a spacesuit. All subsequent space explorers also visited the enterprise. This summer the 80th anniversary of Zvezda’s permanent general designer G.I. was widely celebrated. Severina.
An important role in the economy of the village is played by the aviation industry base - JSC Lazur. Mil helicopters, which are also born on Tomilino soil, have gained worldwide fame. The village was also glorified by NPP Tomilinsky Electronic Plant LLC, the aviation scientific and technical complex named after A.N. Tupolev.
On a plot of 40 hectares in the summer of 1929, near the village of Chapel, they began to build a poultry farm of the Mospotrebkooperatsiya, designed to support 100 thousand birds. poultry. The farm grew into a large factory. In the second half of the 20th century, there was a powerful poultry production association here, which collapsed during the reforms of the late 90s. But today one of the branches is still operating - the Mirnaya poultry farm.
On the banks of the winding Pekhorka River lies the village of Kirillovka. It dates back to 1766. It was mentioned by journalist V. Gilyarovsky, who lived for some time in neighboring Kraskovo: “Kraskovo enjoyed a reputation for robbery, sharing it with neighboring Kirillovka... Both from Kirillovka and Kraskov many peasants were sent to Siberia for robbery...”

On the way from Moscow to Ryazan, the village of Chapel has stood for several centuries. At the end of the 19th century, they were manufacturing cartridges and casings for Moscow cigarette factories.
The village of Khlystovo passed from one owner to another. At the beginning of the 17th century, it was given by Tsar Boris Godunov to the nobleman and diplomat M.I. Tatishchev.

The village of Zhilino also left its mark on history. Commander M.I. stayed here. Kutuzov, making a roundabout maneuver with his army around Moscow in order to finish off Napoleonic troops. In September 1812, in Zilina, he outlined the plan for the famous Tarutino march-maneuver.

On August 22, 2004, a grand celebration took place in the village dedicated to the 250th anniversary of the Church of the Assumption Holy Mother of God, which is in Zilina.

Tomilin has three satellite villages. In 1932 allocated land plot between Tomilin and the Chapel for the People's Commissariat of Finance. The Construction Council was headed by V.N. Egorov. The village is named after him. In 1941, a microdistrict grew up near the highway on Lytkarino. Residents of Rostokino, Ostankino and others moved here, not wanting to move into new buildings. The village was named after the legendary pilot V.P. Chkalova. And in 1957, a plot of land was allocated outside Zhilino for the construction of housing for workers of the Tomilino poultry farm. The village was named Mirny.

In 2005, Tomilin turned 110 years old. These are some stages in the history of the municipal formation of the urban settlement of Tomilino. Today's Tomilino compares favorably with other villages in the improvement of its streets and courtyards. Behind last years 60 playgrounds have been installed in the courtyards, flower beds have been laid out, and fountains have been installed. The Tomilino Technology Center, which is currently being created, has a great future.

The village is located 25 kilometers from Moscow. Its borders include the villages of Kirillovka, Zhilino, Chapel, Tokarevo. And it arose as a result of the opening of railway traffic along the Moscow - Ryazan line.

Claudius Nikolaevich Tomilin. Years of life 1871 - 1947. Died in April 1947 at the age of 96 years. He was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.

He built 5 dachas. Others followed his example.

And in 1896 there was already a train stop near the dachas. The name Tomilino was assigned to the village after the name of the first developer.

Houses and streets grew quickly on both sides of the stop. In 1904, the first plan of the village appeared. And the dacha owners decided to name the streets after the names of famous Russian writers.

The first streets to appear were Pushkin, Gogol, Nikitin, and Garshin. In 1914, there were 350 dachas and other residential buildings here. A summer theater with a dance floor appeared. In 1920, an elementary school opened. An important event occurred in 1925: kerosene lamps were replaced by electric ones.

And on June 6, 1968, a monument to A.S. was unveiled in Tomilino. Pushkin. The great poet's gaze is directed towards the street that bears his name.

More than two hundred years ago, on an island in the Pekhorka River, the Moscow merchant Vorontsov kept a grain mill.

In 1958, the Tomilino Abrasive Plant was created on this site. The goal is to establish the production of diamond wheels based on Yakut diamonds. This is how the well-known diamond tools factory came into being - the joint-stock company "MPO for the production of diamond tools." And downstream the river the Pekhorskaya spinning factory grew up.

Aviation enterprises brought fame to the village. First of all, the joint-stock company NPP Zvezda.

At first, the enterprise was strictly classified. Now it has become world famous. Cosmonauts fly to the ISS in spacesuits from Zvezda.

Yuri Gagarin visited here several times and tried on a spacesuit. All subsequent space explorers also visited the enterprise. This summer the 80th anniversary of Zvezda’s permanent general designer G.I. was widely celebrated. Severina.

An important role in the economy of the village is played by the aviation industry base - JSC Lazur.

Mil helicopters, which are also born on Tomilino soil, have gained worldwide fame. The village was also glorified by NPP Tomilinsky Electronic Plant LLC, the aviation scientific and technical complex named after A.N. Tupolev.

On a plot of 40 hectares in the summer of 1929, near the village of Chapel, they began to build a poultry farm for the Mospotrebkooperatsiya, designed to support 100 thousand heads of poultry. The farm grew into a large factory.

In the second half of the 20th century, there was a powerful poultry production association here, which collapsed during the reforms of the late 90s. But today one of the branches is still operating - the Mirnaya poultry farm. On the banks of the winding Pekhorka River lies the village of Kirillovka. It dates back to 1766.

It was mentioned by journalist V. Gilyarovsky, who lived for some time in neighboring Kraskovo: “Kraskovo enjoyed a reputation for robbery, sharing it with neighboring Kirillovka... Both from Kirillovka and Kraskovo many peasants were sent to Siberia for robbery...”

On the way from Moscow to Ryazan, the village of Chapel has stood for several centuries. At the end of the 19th century, they were manufacturing cartridges and casings for Moscow cigarette factories.

The village of Khlystovo passed from one owner to another. At the beginning of the 17th century, it was given by Tsar Boris Godunov to the nobleman and diplomat M.I. Tatishchev.

The village of Zhilino also left its mark on history. Commander M.I. stayed here. Kutuzov, making a roundabout maneuver with his army around Moscow in order to finish off Napoleonic troops. In September 1812, in Zhilino, he outlined the plan for the famous Tarutino march-maneuver.

On August 22, 2004, a grand celebration took place in the village dedicated to the 250th anniversary of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Zhilino.

Tomilino has three satellite villages. In 1932, a plot of land between Tomilino and the Chapel was allocated for the People's Commissariat of Finance. The Construction Council was headed by V.N. Egorov. The village is named after him. In 1941, a microdistrict grew up near the highway on Lytkarino.

Residents of Rostokino, Ostankino and others moved here, not wanting to move into new buildings. The village was named after the legendary pilot V.P. Chkalova. And in 1957, a plot of land was allocated outside Zhilino for the construction of housing for workers of the Tomilino poultry farm. The village was named Mirny.

In 2005, Tomilino turned 110 years old. These are some stages in the history of the municipal formation of the urban settlement of Tomilino. Today's Tomilino compares favorably with other villages in the improvement of its streets and courtyards.

In recent years, 60 playgrounds have been installed in the courtyards, flower beds have been laid out, and fountains have been installed. The Tomilino Technology Center, which is currently being created, has a great future.

: 55°39′00″ n. w. 37°57′00″ E. d. / 55.65000° N. w. 37.95000° E. d. / 55.65000; 37.95000(G) (I)

Chapter

Dvornikov Igor Nikolaevich

Based Center height Population Timezone Telephone code Postcode Vehicle code

50, 90, 150, 190, 750

OKATO code Official site

K: Settlements founded in 1894

Geography

The urban-type settlement of Tomilino is located in the center of the Lyubertsy district on Egoryevskoe highway P105 on both sides of the Ryazan direction railway.

From the east, Tomilino borders on the urban settlements of Kraskovo, located on the other bank of the Pekhorka River, Malakhovka and Ramenskoye municipal district. The city of Lyubertsy adjoins Tomilin from the west, and the Moscow district of Nekrasovka from the north. To the south are the village of Egorovo and the village of Kirillovka, administratively subordinate to the urban-type settlement of Tomilino.

Story

Tomilino has had the status of an urban-type settlement since 1961.

Population

Population
1926	1970	1979	1989	2002	2006	2009	2010
1930	↗ 22 682	↗ 26 017	↗ 27 736	↗ 28 545	↘ 26 000	↗ 29 318	↗ 30 605
2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
↗ 30 979	↗ 31 130	→ 31 130	↗ 31 159	↗ 31 364

Economy

A number of large industrial enterprises are located in Tomilin, including the Zvezda plant, famous for the production of spacesuits for Soviet and Russian cosmonauts starting with Yuri Gagarin, some of the best ejection seats in the world, which have proven themselves in many emergency situations. Nearby is the Moscow Helicopter Plant named after. M. L. Mil (MVZ). A Russian-Italian joint venture HeliVert is being created to assemble AW-139 helicopters.

In the village of Kirillovka there is the “Moscow Production Association for the Production of Diamond Tools” (MPO VAI, formerly the Tomilinsky Diamond Tool Plant - TomAl), which grew out of the pre-revolutionary mill of the merchant Kalashnikov, the Soviet enterprises “Gornet” and “Kirillovsky Khimik” for the production of shoe polish. Later, the chemical enterprise grew into the Tomilino Abrasive Plant for the production of sandpaper for grinding. With the beginning of the development of natural diamond deposits in Yakutia, the plant began to produce diamond wheels for processing materials. Since 1963, the production of synthetic diamonds has been established. In 1977, some employees of the plant and VNIIALMAZ became laureates of the USSR State Prize for creating mass production of domestic diamond tools. After the collapse of the USSR, the plant began to experience difficulties in purchasing synthetic diamond powders and stopped production. The reorganized diamond synthesis workshop allowed the plant to reach a production capacity of 20 million carats per year..

Tomilinsky Semiconductor Devices Plant (TZPP, formerly TEVZ - Tomilinsky Electrovacuum Plant, now part of the NPO ITELMA group of companies under the name Research and Production Enterprise "Tomilinsky Electronic Plant" and OJSC "Tomilinsky Semiconductor Plant"), which began operating in 1958 and undergone the procedure bankruptcy - bankruptcy proceedings were completed in 2003. On May 8, 1971, a concert by Vladimir Vysotsky was held at the TZPP.

In addition, there is a textile factory.

The former Tomilinskaya poultry farm, founded in 1929 on the initiative of A. E. Badaev, became a large warehouse complex - TLK Tomilino. By 1941, egg production reached 11.6 million. per year, about 160 thousand poultry were kept. The enterprise also operated during the war. By 1950, egg production exceeded pre-war levels and amounted to 14.6 million eggs. in year. In 1975, a major merger of the Tomilino poultry farms took place - the Tomilino Poultry Production Association (TPPO) was created on the basis of the Tomilinskaya, Mirnaya, Chekhovskaya and Konstantinovskaya poultry farms, which became the largest poultry farm in the USSR. Production reached 11 million chickens and 450 million eggs per year (676 million in 1989). In the post-perestroika period, the enterprise experienced a decline, which led to bankruptcy in 2000. In 2001, after a change in the composition of the shareholders of Tomilinskaya Poultry Farm CJSC and the removal of external management, it was decided to abandon the production of eggs and poultry meat “due to environmental problems"due to its proximity to Moscow and Lyubertsy, lack of its own feed supply, unprofitability of production ..

The clothing base of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, subordinate to the clothing service of the Western Military District, is located in Tomilin.

Culture, social sphere

Sports school, children's art house, music school, boarding school "Our House", SOS Children's Village, sanatorium-forest school No. 11. The newspaper "Tomilinskaya Nov" has been published (since 2001). Since December (2009), broadcasting has been carried out by the Tomilino TV channel.

Attractions

Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (XVIII century), chapel of the Vladimir Mother of God.

Most of the streets in the village are named after famous poets and writers (Pushkin St., Fonvizin St., Gogol St., etc.), exceptions - st. Pionerskaya, Gmeiner, Kolkhoznaya.

Notable residents

Fursov Andrey Ilyich - Soviet and Russian scientist-historian, social philosopher, social scientist, publicist, candidate of historical sciences.

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Notes

www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
THE USSR. Administrative division union republics on January 1, 1980 / Compiled by V. A. Dudarev, N. A. Evseeva. - M.: Publishing house "Izvestia of the Soviets of People's Deputies of the USSR", 1980. - 702 p.- P. 175.
. - Moscow statistical department. - M., 1929. - 2000 copies.
(Russian) . Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. .
(Russian) . Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. .
. .
. .
(RTF+ZIP). Development of local self-government in the Moscow region. Retrieved February 4, 2013. .
. Retrieved January 2, 2014. .
(Russian) . Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved October 29, 2013. .
. Retrieved May 31, 2014. .
. Retrieved November 16, 2013. .
. Retrieved August 2, 2014. .
. Retrieved August 6, 2015. .
, The New Times Magazine, November 19, 2012
, Newspaper “Tomilinskaya Nov”, 07/30/2009
TLC Magazine Review No. 1 2008 (published by TLC Tomilino)
The children's village consists of 12 residential 2-story buildings, each designed to accommodate a family of 6-8 children and a mother-teacher. There is also a public administrative center and a utility block with a garage.

Excerpt characterizing Tomilino

“I should ask him!.. That’s what he is?.. Well, he asked!.. But then... He’ll point out...” was suddenly heard in the back rows of the crowd, and everyone’s attention turned to the droshky of the police chief, accompanied by two mounted dragoons.
The police chief, who had gone that morning by order of the count to burn the barges and, on the occasion of this order, had rescued a large sum of money that was in his pocket at that moment, seeing a crowd of people moving towards him, ordered the coachman to stop.
- What kind of people? - he shouted at the people, scattered and timidly approaching the droshky. - What kind of people? I'm asking you? - repeated the police chief, who did not receive an answer.
“They, your honor,” said the clerk in the frieze overcoat, “they, your highness, at the announcement of the most illustrious count, without sparing their lives, wanted to serve, and not like some kind of riot, as said from the most illustrious count...
“The Count has not left, he is here, and there will be orders about you,” said the police chief. - Let's go! - he said to the coachman. The crowd stopped, crowding around those who had heard what the authorities said, and looking at the droshky driving away.
At that time, the police chief looked around in fear and said something to the coachman, and his horses went faster.
- Cheating, guys! Lead to it yourself! - shouted the voice of a tall guy. - Don't let me go, guys! Let him submit the report! Hold it! - voices shouted, and people ran after the droshky.
The crowd behind the police chief, talking noisily, headed to the Lubyanka.
- Well, the gentlemen and the merchants have left, and that’s why we are lost? Well, we are dogs, or what! – was heard more often in the crowd.

On the evening of September 1, after his meeting with Kutuzov, Count Rastopchin, upset and offended by the fact that he was not invited to the military council, that Kutuzov did not pay any attention to his proposal to take part in the defense of the capital, and surprised by the new look that opened up to him in the camp , in which the question of the calm of the capital and its patriotic mood turned out to be not only secondary, but completely unnecessary and insignificant - upset, offended and surprised by all this, Count Rostopchin returned to Moscow. After dinner, the count, without undressing, lay down on the sofa and at one o'clock was awakened by a courier who brought him a letter from Kutuzov. The letter said that since the troops were retreating to the Ryazan road outside Moscow, would the count like to send police officials to lead the troops through the city. This news was not news to Rostopchin. Not only from yesterday’s meeting with Kutuzov on Poklonnaya Hill, but also from the Battle of Borodino itself, when all the generals who came to Moscow unanimously said that another battle could not be fought, and when, with the count’s permission, every night government property and residents were already removing up to half let's leave - Count Rastopchin knew that Moscow would be abandoned; but nevertheless, this news, communicated in the form of a simple note with an order from Kutuzov and received at night, during his first sleep, surprised and irritated the count.
Subsequently, explaining his activities during this time, Count Rastopchin wrote several times in his notes that he then had two important goals: De maintenir la tranquillite a Moscow et d "en faire partir les habitants. [Keep calm in Moscow and escort out her inhabitants.] If we assume this double goal, every action of Rostopchin turns out to be impeccable. Why were the Moscow shrine, weapons, cartridges, gunpowder, grain supplies not taken out, why were thousands of residents deceived by the fact that Moscow would not be surrendered, and ruined? - For this ", in order to maintain calm in the capital, Count Rostopchin's explanation answers. Why were piles of unnecessary papers removed from public places and Leppich's ball and other objects? - In order to leave the city empty, Count Rostopchin's explanation answers. One has only to assume that something threatened national tranquility, and every action becomes justified.
All the horrors of terror were based only on concern for public peace.
What was Count Rastopchin’s fear of public peace in Moscow based on in 1812? What reason was there for supposing there was a tendency towards indignation in the city? Residents left, troops, retreating, filled Moscow. Why should the people rebel as a result of this?
Not only in Moscow, but throughout Russia, upon the entry of the enemy, nothing resembling indignation occurred. On September 1st and 2nd, more than ten thousand people remained in Moscow, and, apart from the crowd that had gathered in the courtyard of the commander-in-chief and attracted by him, there was nothing. Obviously, it was even less necessary to expect unrest among the people if after the Battle of Borodino, when the abandonment of Moscow became obvious, or, at least, probably, if then, instead of agitating the people with the distribution of weapons and posters, Rostopchin took measures to the removal of all sacred objects, gunpowder, charges and money, and would directly announce to the people that the city was being abandoned.
Rastopchin, an ardent, sanguine man, who always moved in the highest circles of the administration, although with a patriotic feeling, had no the slightest idea about the people he thought of governing. From the very beginning of the enemy’s entry into Smolensk, Rostopchin imagined for himself the role of leader popular feeling- the hearts of Russia. It not only seemed to him (as it seems to every administrator) that he controlled the external actions of the inhabitants of Moscow, but it seemed to him that he controlled their mood through his proclamations and posters, written in that ironic language that the people in their midst despise and which they do not understands when he hears it from above. Rostopchin liked the beautiful role of the leader of popular feeling so much, he got used to it so much that the need to get out of this role, the need to leave Moscow without any heroic effect, took him by surprise, and he suddenly lost from under his feet the ground on which he stood, he absolutely did not know what should he do? Although he knew, he did not believe with all his soul until last minute to leave Moscow and did nothing for this purpose. Residents moved out against his wishes. If public places were removed, it was only at the request of officials, with whom the count reluctantly agreed. He himself was occupied only with the role that he made for himself. As often happens with people gifted with an ardent imagination, he knew for a long time that Moscow would be abandoned, but he knew only by reasoning, but with all his soul he did not believe in it, and was not transported by his imagination to this new situation.
All his activities, diligent and energetic (how useful it was and reflected on the people is another question), all his activities were aimed only at arousing in the residents the feeling that he himself experienced - patriotic hatred of the French and confidence in itself.
But when the event took on its real, historical dimensions, when it turned out to be insufficient to express one’s hatred of the French in words alone, when it was impossible even to express this hatred through battle, when self-confidence turned out to be useless in relation to one issue of Moscow, when the entire population, like one person, , abandoning their property, flowed out of Moscow, showing with this negative action the full strength of their national feeling - then the role chosen by Rostopchin suddenly turned out to be meaningless. He suddenly felt lonely, weak and ridiculous, without any ground under his feet.
Having received, awakened from sleep, a cold and commanding note from Kutuzov, Rastopchin felt the more irritated, the more guilty he felt. In Moscow there remained everything that had been entrusted to him, everything that was government property that he was supposed to take out. It was not possible to take everything out.
“Who is to blame for this, who allowed this to happen? - he thought. - Of course, not me. I had everything ready, I held Moscow like this! And this is what they have brought it to! Scoundrels, traitors! - he thought, not clearly defining who these scoundrels and traitors were, but feeling the need to hate these traitors who were to blame for the false and ridiculous situation in which he found himself.
All that night Count Rastopchin gave orders, for which people came to him from all sides of Moscow. Those close to him had never seen the count so gloomy and irritated.
“Your Excellency, they came from the patrimonial department, from the director for orders... From the consistory, from the Senate, from the university, from the orphanage, the vicar sent... asks... What do you order about the fire brigade? The warden from the prison... the warden from the yellow house..." - they reported to the count all night, without stopping.
To all these questions the count gave short and angry answers, showing that his orders were no longer needed, that all the work he had carefully prepared had now been ruined by someone, and that this someone would bear full responsibility for everything that would happen now.