Viburnum viburnum is an ornamental tree and shrub. Red viburnum. Useful properties of viburnum

Viburnum is not just a tree, but a real legend of Rus' and all Slavs. Having planted it near his window, the owner will enjoy the white color in the spring, the filling berries in the summer and the healthy harvest in the fall. Of course, a conscientious gardener will not limit his description to this. The rules of planting and caring for a tree are important to him. Planting common viburnum is not so easy. But all efforts will be justified and rewarded.

History and description of the tree

Viburnum is a tree with which many legends and fairy tales are associated. Our ancestors decorated wedding feasts with viburnum, ensuring happiness and continuation of the family for the young family. On weekdays, bunches of viburnum were laid out in the house, protecting it from evil spirits, damage and curses. The berries of this plant were depicted on towels, women's clothing and even on the shutters of houses. The culture is especially popular among residents of the southern regions.

Today there are at least 150 species of this tree. They all have their own characteristics. "Snow Globe" or "Boule de neige" boasts beautiful round inflorescences, "Compactum" has a dense crown, and "Xanthocarpum" has berries. yellow color. But the most common tree is the common viburnum, familiar to us since childhood.

Kalina Buldenezh

Viburnum is a small ornamental tree. Some even consider it a bush. Its trunk is thin and branched. The leaves are large, the inflorescences are white, sometimes they can have a slight pinkish tint. Viburnum begins to bloom in mid-May and flowering continues for a month and a half. The fruits of viburnum are blood-red in color with a small seed inside. They ripen by autumn, and can hang on the tree until winter. A light frost will even improve their taste and beneficial properties.

Reproduction and rooting

Viburnum can be propagated in different ways: by cuttings or seeds. The second method is very long and can take more than 2 years. Vegetative propagation can be carried out in several ways: by root shoots, vertical or horizontal layering. Vertical layering is the simplest method that does not require much work.

Seeds. They are placed in damp sawdust, tightly compacted into nylon stockings. So they are stored for 2 months at room temperature until they begin to sprout. The sprouted seeds are placed on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator for another month. After 30 days, the seeds are sown in a small box filled with soil. If the sprouts have gained strength over the winter and look healthy, they are planted in the garden in the spring, watered abundantly. If they are still weak, they should be left in the box for another year. But in the summer, take the box out into the sun.
Cuttings. Cuttings for planting are prepared while the tree is flowering. They should be springy, but not brittle. The cuttings are cut green - 10-12 cm with 2-3 nodes. In winter they are kept under a dome or in a greenhouse in special soil. And in the spring they are planted in the garden.
Vertical layers. In autumn, the lower branches of a young plant are shortened, leaving 2-4 buds. The trunk is hilled, covering these buds with soil. By spring, they will give rise to shoots, which are again covered with soil until they reach 30 cm. After this, they are dug up, trimmed and covered again with soil. In autumn, the shoots are separated from the tree and planted independently.
Horizontal layers. A two-year-old branch is cut off, leaving a shoot with 2-3 buds. When it sprouts in the spring, it is again shortened by 1/5, bent to the ground and lowered into the prepared hole. Leave it this way until shoots appear. By autumn, the mother branch is removed, the shoots are separated and planted separately.

Features of planting and care

The soil. Viburnum is unpretentious to soil conditions, although it feels better in slightly acidic or neutral soil. Viburnum will also grow in poor soil, but it will bear little fruit. Even close groundwater is suitable for it, because this tree loves moisture.

Advice. If there is a small pond or river in the garden at the end of the plot, then the shore of the reservoir will be best place for viburnum.

Landing. In warm regions, viburnum can be planted in the fall. But it’s better to do it in the spring. A hole is dug 50x50 cm. The dug soil is mixed with peat, compost, potash, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Immerse the seedling 3-5 cm.

Advice. Viburnum loves a lot of sunlight. Therefore, the tree must be planted in a suitable place.

Watering. Since viburnum loves moisture very much, this plant will have to be watered often. In order for moisture to linger longer near the root, the trunk must be mulched with sawdust or compost.
Fertilizer. In order for viburnum to bloom and bear fruit luxuriantly, it must be enriched twice a year with complex fertilizers. And in August you need to add phosphorus and potassium.

Young viburnum

Proper pruning of viburnum

Viburnum grows very quickly. In a year it can rise by 50 cm. And old branches often dry out and spoil the appearance of the tree. Therefore, viburnum needs to be rejuvenated annually. There are several rules for this:

Old, diseased, damaged and weak branches are removed from the viburnum.
Branches that are 6-8 years old are considered old.
You need to cut off not only old branches, but also thin out the crown so that the tree bears fruit better.
In the spring, an old tree can be cut down completely “under the stump”, then it will produce high-quality young shoots.

You need to decide whether it will be a bush or a tree in the first year. And depending on this, the crown is formed.

Disease and pest control

There are not many diseases and pests that can affect viburnum. However, every gardener needs to be prepared for them.

Viburnum fruits

Powdery mildew is a fungus that appears as a powdery coating on the leaves. This makes them brown. Because of this disease, viburnum ceases to bear fruit. Powdery mildew is controlled using a solution of potassium sulfur and various fungicides.
Frost burn is a consequence of low temperatures and manifests itself in cracked bark and “bare” wood. These “wounds” are watered with liquid clay in the spring. If the branch is severely affected, it is removed.
Ascochyta spotting of viburnum appears as gray spots with a brown border on the leaves. Fungus multiplies in these spots. Therefore, in the fall, the affected leaves are burned. And in the spring, a diseased tree is treated with Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride.
The viburnum leaf roller is an olive-colored caterpillar. She eats the buds and leaves of the tree. Before this, the insect wraps them in a web and rolls them into a tube. If the leaf roller is not dealt with, it will seriously damage the tree. Therefore, caterpillar nests must be removed and burned. The wood is also treated with Nitrafen.

Viburnum is also threatened by gray and fruit rot, leaf beetle, leaf-roll aphid, honeysuckle gall midge and lobed moth.

In addition to the beauty of the tree itself, viburnum gives the gardener a rich harvest of healthy berries. This is a real treasure trove of recipes. traditional medicine. They will cope with colds, sore throats, diseases of the heart, blood vessels and skin, overwork and many other problems. Therefore, viburnum is a must have for every personal plot.

Viburnum red: video

Growing viburnum: photo

Viburnum (lat. Viburnum) belongs to the genus of woody flowering plants of the Adoxaceae family, of which there are more than 160 species. Representatives of this genus are distributed in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, as well as in the Andes, the Antilles and Madagascar. The plant received the Slavic word “viburnum” presumably because of its red, seemingly red-hot berries. In Slavic culture, there are many legends, tales, sayings and proverbs about viburnum. In the middle zone you can most often find the species viburnum (Viburnum opulus), but for some time now this plant has appeared in our gardens.

Planting and caring for viburnum (in brief)

Landing: in spring or autumn.
Lighting: bright light, but partial shade is better.
The soil: any, except peat and podzolic. Acidity is preferably neutral or slightly acidic – pH 5.5-6.5.
Watering: weekly, water consumption - 3-4 buckets per adult bush. Young plants require less moisture, but they are watered in the same regime.
Feeding: dry ones are preferred: in the spring - two tablespoons of urea are scattered along the trunk circle of each bush, before flowering, a half-liter jar of ash and 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate are scattered along the root area, and after flowering - 2 tablespoons of Nitroammofoska. The last time is to add a solution of 2 tablespoons of superphosphate and potassium sulfate in 10 liters of water, but if you mulch the tree trunk circles with organic matter, you can do without the last fertilizing.
Trimming: in the spring, before the buds open, sanitary and formative pruning is carried out, and in the fall, if necessary, sanitary pruning is carried out.
Reproduction: seeds, cuttings, layering (horizontal and vertical), root shoots.
Pests: viburnum leaf beetles, black leaf rollers, viburnum leaf rollers, honeysuckle gall midges, green lobed moths.

Viburnum bushes - description

Viburnum is a deciduous shrub or small tree. Viburnum leaves are opposite, sometimes whorled, deciduous, simple, lobed, palmately lobed or entire, serrated or entire, petiolate. The apical simple or complex umbellate or umbellate-corymbose inflorescences consist of pink or white flowers. Flowering viburnum begins in late May or early June. The fruit is usually an edible drupe of red or blue-black color. The lifespan of viburnum is on average 50-60 years.

Today, viburnum is gaining popularity among amateur gardeners and is grown in personal plots along with such fruit trees as apple, pear, plum, cherry, etc. We offer you a detailed story about how to plant viburnum in your garden, how to care for viburnum from the moment of planting until completion. life cycle, how to propagate viburnum, how to feed viburnum to ensure a stable harvest of its most valuable berries, how to prune viburnum to extend its life - we have collected and systematized all this information in our article so that it is easy and convenient for you to use it.

Planting viburnum

When to plant viburnum

Planting and caring for viburnum does not involve any difficulties. Viburnum grows well on neutral and slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5-6.5), but peat, podzolic and sandy soils are not suitable for it. The depth of groundwater in the area where viburnum grows is desirable to be at least 1 m. In order for your viburnum to grow for a long time and be healthy, create conditions for it that are close to natural.

Viburnum loves good light, but grows best in partial shade. Some experts even claim that viburnum grown in shady places is less susceptible to attack by pests.

Viburnum is planted both in spring and autumn. Before planting, the area is dug up, freeing the soil from weeds. There is no need to add organic fertilizers to fertile soil, but if the soil is poor, fertilizers are applied directly into the hole during planting.

Planting viburnum in spring

So, in the spring, before the leaves bloom, dig a hole measuring 50x50x50 in the area. If you are planting more than one bush, then place the holes at a distance of 2.5-3.5 m from each other. Pour 2/3 of a thoroughly mixed soil mixture into the hole, consisting of the top layer of soil taken out of the hole, 1 bucket of humus or peat and 2 cups of Nitrophoska, pour out 4 buckets of water and leave for several days. After about a week, pour the remaining mixture into a heap into the hole so that it rises 10-12 cm above the surface, place the roots of a three-year-old seedling on the mound, straighten them, fill the hole with the remaining mixture, compact the surface of the area around the seedling, water it generously and mulch the tree trunk circle with compost , peat or humus. Try to place the viburnum seedlings so that their root collar is 5-6 cm underground.

Planting viburnum in autumn

Autumn planting of viburnum is no different from spring. Viburnum is planted in the time period between leaf fall and the first frost.

Viburnum care

Caring for viburnum in spring

At the end of March or beginning of April, last year's foliage is removed from under the bushes and the soil in the tree trunk is loosened. A little later, viburnum bushes are treated with fungicides from those that have overwintered in upper layers soil or in cracks of trunks and branches of pathogens and pests. You can treat the plant with a seven percent urea solution - both as a top dressing and as a preventive measure against diseases and pests, but before spraying the viburnum, make sure that the buds on it are not yet opening, otherwise you can burn them.

Towards mid-May, viburnum is fed with potassium fertilizer, and after flowering, complex fertilizer is applied to the soil around the tree trunk.

Caring for viburnum in summer

After flowering, viburnum is fed with complex fertilizer if necessary. Regularly inspect the plant for harmful insects and promptly treat viburnum for diseases. At the beginning of June, you can treat viburnum with tobacco infusion, or you can periodically spray the bushes with infusion from June until harvest potato tops, onion peels or garlic.

Otherwise, caring for viburnum in the summer consists of regular watering and loosening the soil in the tree trunk circle while simultaneously destroying emerging weeds.

Caring for viburnum in autumn

After the viburnum sheds its leaves, remove it along with the old mulch, carry out preventive treatment of the viburnum against pests and pathogens that have spent the winter in the bark and soil, add liquid fertilizer to the soil or mulch the tree trunk circles again with rotted organic matter.

When stable frosts occur, remove the clusters of berries from the bushes and place them in storage.

Viburnum processing

Viburnum, just like other garden trees and shrubs, can suffer from harmful insects and various kinds of diseases, so it is very advisable to protect it from them by preventive treatment in spring and autumn. Insecticides are used to kill insects, and fungicide sprays are effective against fungal diseases. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to cure viburnum from viral and bacterial diseases, but since their pathogens are most often carried by pests from the insect world, timely destruction of pests or their larvae will help avoid infection.

Watering viburnum

Growing viburnum is difficult without weekly watering, especially when it is hot and dry. Water consumption per watering is 3-4 buckets per fruit-bearing bush. A young shrub does not require much moisture, but the frequency of watering should remain constant. A rainy summer certainly makes adjustments, but you must remember that viburnum loves moisture, so do not leave it without water for a long time.

Fertilizing viburnum

Since you have to water viburnum often, it is advisable to apply fertilizer in dry form - scatter it around the tree trunk before watering. The first fertilizing is applied in the spring, when the leaves begin to bloom: 2 tablespoons of urea are scattered under each viburnum bush (this is if you did not spray the viburnum with urea on the dormant buds).

It is advisable to apply the second fertilizer, potash, before flowering: under each bush, scatter a half-liter jar of wood ash or 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate.

Viburnum will need a third feeding after flowering: 2 tablespoons of Nitroammofoska are scattered under each bush.

The last feeding is only needed if you do not mulch the viburnum tree trunk with organic matter for the winter, and it consists of two buckets of a solution of the following composition: 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate and 2 tablespoons of superphosphate, dissolved in 10 liters of water.

Pruning viburnum

When to prune viburnum

Like other garden trees and shrubs, it is better to prune viburnum in the spring, before the sap begins to flow. You can cut it in the fall, after the leaves fall, but since it is difficult to know for sure when the frosts will strike, it is better to carry out serious pruning (rejuvenating or formative) in the spring, and in the fall it is worth pruning the viburnum only for sanitary purposes.

Pruning viburnum in spring

In nature, viburnum grows as a tree or in the form of a bush, so it is formed as a bush or tree. In the spring, before the sap begins to flow, they carry out sanitary and then formative pruning of the viburnum: if you want the viburnum to grow as a tree, leave one vertical branch, cut the rest into a ring, and remove the buds in the lower part of the stem, where the trunk is planned. The trunk takes 2-3 years to grow, and when it reaches a height of 1.5-2 m, the growth point is pinched to stimulate branching. All this time you will have to remove root shoots, otherwise you will form a bush. Keep the trunk clean by removing any side shoots that form.

Whether you form a tree or allow the viburnum to grow as a bush, you need to prune the plant in any case, because with age its crown will thicken and grow, and it will become increasingly difficult for you to pick berries from it, and the quality of the fruit will begin to deteriorate over time, and the quantity will decrease. Remove competing branches and shoots, as well as those growing inside the bush or in the wrong direction. When the time comes to rejuvenate the bush, cut off a third of the old branches, and leave the most developed shoots from the basal shoots, which will eventually replace the old branches removed. On next year replace another third of the old branches, and in the third year replace the last third.

Rejuvenating pruning of viburnum, formed like a tree, is carried out according to the same scheme as similar pruning of fruit trees.

Pruning viburnum in autumn

After the end of leaf fall, when the viburnum has fallen into a dormant state, it is sanitary pruned - broken, dry branches and shoots affected by disease or pests are removed. Sections thicker than 7 mm are treated with garden varnish. Choose a dry, warm day for this procedure.

Viburnum propagation

How to propagate viburnum

Viburnum is propagated by seeds and vegetatively - by cuttings, horizontal and vertical layering and root shoots. Seed propagation complicated by the fact that the seeds take two years to germinate. The simplest and least labor-intensive way to propagate viburnum is by vertical layering.

Propagation of viburnum by seeds

In order to speed up the germination of viburnum seeds, they need to be subjected to pre-sowing treatment. Freshly collected seeds are placed in nylon stockings with wet sawdust and stored at room temperature for two months, and when they begin to germinate, they are placed in the bottom drawer of the refrigerator for a month, after which they are sown to a depth of 3-4 cm in boxes and wait for germination. In the spring, after the return frosts have passed, the seedlings are planted in open ground, watered abundantly and shaded from direct sunlight for the first time.

Propagation of viburnum by vertical layering

In the fall, the lower branches of young plants on viburnum are shortened, leaving only 2-4 buds on them, and the stem is spud high. When in the spring the shoots from these buds grow 8-10 cm, they are spud up again to a height of 4-5 cm. When the shoots stretch to 20-30 cm, they are dug up, tied at the base with copper wire and again spud up to a third of the height. After a couple of weeks, another hilling is carried out. By autumn, the shoots are dug up, separated and transplanted to a permanent place.

Propagation of viburnum by cuttings

Green cuttings take root best, and although cutting viburnum is not an easy process, in some cases it is the only possible way Viburnum propagation. Viburnum cuttings are harvested during the flowering period - in June or early July, when they spring back when bent and do not break. For cuttings you need middle part shoot 10-12 cm long, on which there will be 2-3 nodes. The lower cut should be oblique, the upper leaves should be shortened by half, and the lower ones should be removed.

Dust the lower sections of the cuttings with Kornevin or hold them for several 10-12 hours in a Heteroauxin solution, then plant the cuttings in a substrate consisting of equal parts of river sand and peat. The planting should be inclined, the cuttings are buried 1-2 cm into the substrate, maintaining a distance of 4-5 cm between specimens. After planting, the cuttings are covered with a transparent dome and kept at an air temperature of 27-30 ºC and a humidity of about 90%, moistening the cuttings 3-4 times a day with water from a spray bottle. After three weeks, the cuttings take root, and the dome begins to be removed for a while, accustoming the cuttings to a normal environment. When they get used to it, the cap is removed completely. The cuttings spend the winter indoors, and in the spring, after two weeks of hardening, they are planted in open ground according to the 50x15 pattern and grown. When the seedlings grow enough, they are transplanted to a permanent place.

Propagation of viburnum by horizontal layering

In the spring, a two- to three-year-old branch is cut off, leaving a part with 2-4 buds, and a year later, next spring, the regrown one-year-old shoot is shortened by one fifth, bent to the ground, placed in a groove 5-6 cm deep, secured with hooks, but not buried , but wait until shoots develop from the buds and reach a height of 10-15 cm, and only after that they fill the furrow with a mixture of peat and humus so that the tops of the branches remain on the surface. During the summer, growing shoots are hilled 2-3 times. In the fall, the branched viburnum branch is cut off from the mother bush, and the rooted shoots are separated from the layer and planted in a permanent place.

Reproduction of viburnum by basal shoots

This is a quick and easy solution to the problem of reproduction. At the end of spring or early summer, the basal shoots, which have reached a height of 20 cm, are spud to a height of 7-8 cm, having previously pulled them over at the base with soft wire. During the summer, 2-3 hillings of the shoots are carried out, eventually bringing the height of the mound to 20 cm, and next spring they are separated from the bush and replanted.

Viburnum diseases

Viburnum in the garden can be subject to troubles in the form of diseases and harmful insects. Diseases and pests of viburnum are not very numerous, and it is not so difficult to cope with them, but it is still better to prevent the occurrence of a problem than to deal with it later. Among the diseases that affect viburnum more often than others:

Powdery mildew – fungal disease, the symptoms of which look like a whitish coating on the leaves of the plant, with drops of liquid, which gradually turns brown. The infection rises from the bottom of the plant upward. In a diseased plant, the inflorescences do not form ovaries, and the viburnum does not bear fruit. The winter hardiness of the plant decreases. Decorative species are losing their attractiveness.

Control measures. Good effect treat viburnum with a solution of 50 g of colloidal sulfur in 10 liters of water or with fungicides such as Skor, Topsin, Tiovit Jet, Topaz, Quadris, Bayleton and other preparations of similar action;

Frost Burn– this disease is not caused by infection, but by exposure to low temperatures. This causes the bark to crack, the wood to become exposed and die. On the side shoots of frostbitten branches, the leaves are pale, chlorotic, they turn brown and dry quickly. By mid-summer the entire bush may dry out.

Control measures. Severely damaged stems are cut out at the beginning of spring, and those that are slightly damaged are covered with liquid clay in places of damage;

Ascochyta spot of viburnum– angular or round spots appear on diseased leaves gray with a purple or dark brown border. At the site of the spots, the tissue dies, the fruiting bodies of the fungus form on it, it cracks and falls out.

Control measures. Fallen leaves affected by the disease are collected and burned in the fall. In the spring, at the beginning of sap flow, viburnum is treated with copper oxychloride or Bordeaux mixture.

Gray rot– in cold and rainy summers, large brown spots of unclear outlines appear on the leaves of the viburnum, which grow quickly, and the tissue in the middle dries and cracks. Berries affected by rot become brown, and the mycelium grows through them.

Control measures. In autumn, be sure to collect and burn fallen leaves and berries. To stop the spreading disease, treatment with Vectra is carried out.

Fruit rot– this disease causes the flowers, leaves, young shoots and fruits of viburnum to dry out. The first sign is small, dense, gray pads, which turn black and dry out as the disease progresses.

Control measures. Mummified berries must be removed from the plant and from under the bush. When the first signs of disease are detected, viburnum is treated with Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride.

Viburnum Pests

Viburnum also has a lot of pests, and you need to know as much as possible about them, because they can cause serious trouble for viburnum. The most dangerous pests of viburnum are:

Viburnum leaf beetle- a light brown bug up to 6 mm long, the larvae of which, emerging from the ground in early May, eat viburnum leaves, leaving only veins. If there are many larvae and they do not have enough leaves, they attack young shoots. Viburnum fruits also suffer from leaf beetles. Female beetles lay eggs at the tops of shoots, gnawing holes in them for this purpose. The activity of the leaf beetle leads to a decrease in the winter hardiness of viburnum and loss of yield.

Control measures. If you find egg-laying on the tops of the shoots, cut off this part of the shoot and treat the bushes with Karbofos or Fufanon;

Black leafroll aphid– any aphid is a harmful insect, a carrier of incurable diseases, so it should not be allowed to appear in the garden. Aphids suck the juice from the leaves and curl them. The leaves turn brown, become deformed, dry out, and the shoots stop developing.

Control measures. When aphids appear, treat viburnum with Fufanon or Karbofos, cut off and burn aphid colonies at the ends of the shoots;

Viburnum leaf roller– this dark gray or olive caterpillar eats the buds, then the leaves, having first entangled them in a web and crumpled them up. With mass reproduction, the leaf roller can greatly affect the amount of harvest.

Control measures. Collect and burn caterpillar nests. Before the buds open, treat the viburnum with Nitrafen, dissolving 250 g of the drug paste in 10 liters of water, and between the beginning of the buds and the appearance of the bud, spray the plant with a ten percent solution of Karbofos;

Viburnum and honeysuckle gall midges– the larvae of these pests overwinter in the soil layer. Adults emerge when buds form on the viburnum and lay eggs in them. The larvae feed on the buds, causing them to become ugly, swollen, red and not open.

Control measures. Early spring and late autumn loosen the soil in the tree trunk circles, and before flowering, treat the viburnum with a ten percent Karbofos solution;

Green lobed moth– damages not only viburnum, but also plants such as buckthorn and lilac. This is a yellow-green caterpillar that chews out flower ovaries.

Control measures. You need to fight it in the same way as with gall midges.

Types and varieties of viburnum

As we wrote at the beginning of the article, there are many types of viburnum. Among them there are those that are grown in culture, and there are species that grow only in wildlife. We offer you an introduction to some of the most sought-after species.

Viburnum opulus (Viburnum opulus)

or Red viburnum - a plant that has long and firmly entered into culture as a fruit and ornamental plant. This is a shrub up to 4 m high, the stems of which are covered with fissured brown bark. The leaves of the plant are large, lobed, light green in spring, bright green in summer and reddish in autumn. Corymbose inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter consist of small white flowers. The fruits of Viburnum viburnum are red juicy edible drupes, round or elliptical in shape, with a large flat stone and red juice.

Red viburnum has several decorative forms: nanum (dwarf plants up to 1 m high), roseum (better known as Boule de neige), compactum (plants 1 to 2 m high), aureum (shrub with bright yellow flowers in spring leaves that turn light green by summer), variegata (a bush up to 4.5 m high with marble-white leaves) and xanthocarpum (a low bush with yellow leaves and orange fruits).

Of the fruit varieties of Viburnum, the following have proven themselves well:

Garnet bracelet – productive variety late date ripening, resistant to aphids, with dark burgundy oval berries with a dense shell, weighing up to 1 g, pleasant, slightly bitter taste. The bush is spreading, medium-height;
Shukshinskaya- named after the writer, director, actor Vasily Shukshin, a productive variety of medium ripening with bright red spherical fruits of good taste, weighing up to half a gram;
Maria– a disease-resistant variety with compact clusters of round, light red berries, sweet and sour fruits with slight astringency. The bush is vigorous, the leaves turn gold and crimson in autumn;
Taiga rubies– a very productive variety of medium ripening, unstable to leaf-eating pests, with dark red round fruits of a sweet and sour taste with a slight bitterness. The autumn foliage of plants of this variety is purple;
Zholobovskaya– a variety of universal use with a compact bush and slightly elongated fruits with juicy, slightly bitter, almost sweet pulp. The leaves turn burgundy in autumn;
Elixir– a slightly spreading bush up to 3 m high with bright burgundy round fruits weighing up to 1 g with a sweet and sour taste and moderate bitterness. The variety is productive, resistant to aphids;
Vigorovskaya– a bush up to 3 m high, the fruits are bright red, spherical, weighing up to half a gram. The taste of the fruit is bitter-sour. The variety is productive;

Such fruit varieties of viburnum as Ulgen, Uralskaya sweet, Souzga, Ryabinushka, Sunset, Zarnitsa, Red Bunch and others are also popular among gardeners.

Viburnum rhytidophyllum (Viburnum rhytidophyllum)

grows wild in Western and Central China. In culture, it is widely used in gardens and parks. middle zone due to high frost resistance. In addition, this plant is evergreen with original foliage. Viburnum reaches a height of 3 m, it has straight, densely felted shoots, thick, bare, shiny wrinkled leaves, netted and fleecy on the underside of the plate. The leaves are about 20 cm long. Yellowish-gray flowers are collected in apical corymbose inflorescences up to 20 cm in diameter. The fruits are small - up to 8 mm in diameter, ovoid, shiny, at first red, and as they ripen they become black. This type of viburnum is shade-tolerant, unpretentious to the soil, winter-hardy and drought-resistant. Looks great in small groups and in single plantings. The most famous variety of this species is Superb.

Viburnum laurel (Viburnum tinus)

or viburnum evergreen V natural conditions distributed in the Mediterranean. This is an evergreen shrub up to 3 m high with bare or raggedly pubescent young shoots and annual growths Brown. The leaves of this species attract attention: elliptical in shape, leathery, entire, bright green and shiny with top side, and from the bottom they are lighter and pubescent along the veins. White-pink fragrant flowers are collected in umbrella-shaped panicles with a diameter of up to 10 cm. The fruits are spherical, dryish, ovoid, blue-black. The species is heat-loving and drought-resistant, loves good lighting, is undemanding to the soil, and can withstand temperatures down to -15 ºC in winter. In ornamental gardening it is used for hedges and as solo plants. It has several decorative forms: shiny, purple, upright and variegated.

Viburnum lantana (Viburnum lantana)

- one of the most famous cultivated species of viburnum, which grows in the wild in the Middle and Southern Europe, North Africa, the North Caucasus and Asia Minor and is a light-loving mesophyte. This species is not at all similar to the common viburnum. Viburnum gordovina is a bush up to 5 m high with a dense, dense compact crown. Its leaves and shoots are densely covered with star-shaped white hairs. Beautiful wrinkled leaves up to 18 cm long are dense to the touch, wide, dark green on top and grayish-felt underneath. The corymbose inflorescences consist of small white-cream flowers up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The fruits of this species are red drupes, darkening as they ripen until they turn into completely black berries. Viburnum gourdovina is one of the most beautiful ornamental shrubs, while it is undemanding to the soil, frost-resistant, shade-tolerant, drought-resistant, does not suffer from urban pollution, and decorates the garden with red-pink leaves and black shiny berries until winter. The species has decorative forms, variegated and wrinkled. The most famous of the varieties is Aureum - viburnum with oval leaves of golden color on the upper side and silver-felt leaves on the bottom.

In addition to those described, the following types of viburnum are also known: David, forked, Buryat or black, serrated. Canadian, Carlsa, Mongolian, useful, recognized, Wright, Sargent, folded, plum-leaved, edible, three-lobed, bristly and others.

Properties of viburnum

Useful properties of viburnum

The taste of viburnum berries does not attract everyone, but their usefulness and even healing properties are so great that for the sake of this it is worth neglecting the taste of the fruit. As a healing agent, viburnum can compete with berries such as currants, raspberries, blueberries, blueberries and elderberries. Viburnum pulp contains a large number of vitamins C and P, organic acids, carotene, pectins and tannins.

Viburnum berries have a diuretic effect, so it is indicated for swelling caused by diseases urinary tract, kidneys and heart. The astringent and antiseptic substances contained in the fruits promote the healing of wounds and ulcers gastrointestinal tract. Viburnum berries are recommended to be consumed during the period when the patient is recovering from an illness - they help strengthen the immune system. In general, viburnum is successfully used:

for kidney and liver diseases;
for the treatment of tuberculosis;
for problems with the gastrointestinal tract (colitis, gastritis, ulcers);
with internal bleeding;
for sclerosis and atherosclerosis;
with diathesis;
with cough and vascular spasms;
for seizures and nervous disorders;
as a sedative and antispasmodic.

Fresh and dried berries viburnum, infusion and decoction of them, berries boiled with honey, juice from viburnum berries. For example, viburnum berries boiled in honey are good for relieving coughs and treating diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as edema of cardiac origin.

Viburnum berries are also used as a cosmetic product to make nourishing and cleansing face masks. An infusion or decoction of viburnum berries is used to treat carbuncles, boils and eczema.

But not only viburnum berries have healing properties, but also its leaves, flowers and bark. An infusion of viburnum flowers treats gastritis with low acidity and relieves painful sensations during menstruation. A decoction of flowers is good for gargling with sore throat and shrunken ligaments; it increases appetite, stops bleeding and increases sweating. A decoction of young shoots and buds of viburnum is used for diathesis, advanced scrofula, and also as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent.

In industry, viburnum is used to make jams, preserves, mousses and drinks, as well as shampoos, tinctures, tonics, creams and facial cosmetics.

Viburnum - contraindications

No matter how useful viburnum is, its use is not recommended for everyone. Since its juice contains an analogue female hormones, you should not eat viburnum berries during pregnancy, as this can cause the development of pathologies in the fetus and even provoke premature birth. At best, viburnum can cause an allergic reaction in pregnant women.

Viburnum is contraindicated for chronic kidney patients, as well as those suffering from increased acidity gastric juice.

Patients with thrombophlebitis, leukemia or other blood diseases should not eat viburnum. Viburnum is harmful to those suffering from gout, arthritis and urolithiasis.

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Viburnum opulus L.

Life form:	Shrub or tree
Dimensions (height), m:	2-4
Crown diameter, m:	2-3
Crown shape:	Widely spreading
Growth pattern:	Grows quickly when young, then slows down
Annual height gain:	25-40 cm
Annual increase in width:	25-40 cm
Durability:	50 years
Summer coloring:	Green above, slightly yellowish-grayish below
Autumn color:	Red, yellow, orange
Flowers (color):	Small, yellowish-white, collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter
Beginning and end of flowering:	In May-June
Decorative:	Decorative during the entire growing season: flowering, fruit ripening, autumn
Application:	Single plantings, groups, edges, hedges
Relation to light:	Photophilous, but can grow in the shade
Relation to moisture:	Does not tolerate stagnant moisture
Relation to soil:	Moderately demanding, prefers calcareous soils
Frost resistance:	Frost-resistant

Shrub or tree 2-4 m high. The bark is grayish-brown and fissured. The leaves are usually three-lobed or five-lobed and coarsely toothed. The leaf blades are 5-10 cm long, broadly ovate in outline, and pubescent on the underside.

The inflorescence is corymbose-paniculate, containing sterile and bisexual flowers. The sterile flowers are white, about 2 cm in diameter, with an irregular corolla. Located at the edges of the inflorescence. Bisexual (fertile) flowers are small, with 5 yellow stamens located in the center of the inflorescence, protruding from the bell-shaped corolla. ts blows in May.

The fruit is a red spherical drupe, about 1 cm in diameter. They have juicy yellowish pulp. The fruits ripen in August.

Distributed in forest and forest-steppe zones of Europe, Western Siberia, Kazakhstan, the south of Eastern Siberia, as well as in North Africa, Crimea, the Caucasus and Tien Shan. Prefers the edges and canopies of various forests, including floodplain forests. In conditions of strong shading, it has the appearance of a flattened bush or even a shrub. It bears almost no fruit and reproduces only vegetatively.

Used as decorative and medicinal plant. Widely grown in gardens and parks, the garden variety "Snow Globe" is especially beautiful, with large spherical inflorescences consisting of white sterile flowers. Its fruits are edible and become tasty after frost.

You can buy seedlings in Krasnoyarsk from us!

We suggest you familiarize yourself with what varieties of viburnum there are.

Common or red (Viburnum opulus)

Most often, this species is found on the edges, banks of rivers, lakes, and inhabits deciduous and mixed forests. It has large green leaves that form frills, similar to a ballerina's tutu.

It has many large inflorescences, their diameter is 10-12 cm. The edge is represented by large flowers with snow-white corollas, and in the center there are small and inconspicuous ones - thanks to them, flowers are tied on the bush. The first (large) ones attract pollinators.

Toothed (Viburnum dentatum)

It is represented by a deciduous bush, the height of which reaches 4.5 meters. It has erect branches painted ash-gray. The shoots are bare and have a smooth structure. The length of the leaves is 4-10 cm, they are characterized oval shape and a rounded or slightly heart-shaped base.

It has flowers of the same type, the diameter of which is 0.4 cm. They are painted white and collected in thick shields. The diameter of the fruit is 0.6 cm, the shape is round-ovoid, the color is blue-black. Blooms in May and June. has good frost resistance.

Canadian (Viburnum lentago)

This species is most often found in Canada, which explains its name. The best areas where this viburnum grows are hillsides, forest edges, river banks and swamps.

Did you know? In the old days they believed that viburnum protected the house from the evil eye and evil spirits. Therefore, they decorated the hut with clusters and laid out the berries on the table.

It is represented by a tall deciduous or small tree, height - no more than 6 meters. The crown has an ovoid shape, the leaves are wide, oval, pointed.

Their length is 10 cm. In summer they have a bright green color, and in autumn they become colored in red tones. The flowers are small, creamy white, concentrated in corymbose inflorescences with a diameter of 12 cm. Flowering lasts 2 weeks.
The berries are blue-black in color and are suitable for consumption. Growth is quite rapid, it can grow in the shade and is frost-resistant. Quickly adapts to urban conditions.

Laurel leaf or evergreen (Viburnum tinus)

Laurel viburnum begins to bloom in early spring. It is represented by an evergreen bush with a height of up to 3 meters. It has leathery leaves, drooping down and having a pointed oval shape. The color of the flowers is white, there may be a pinkish tint. The inflorescences have a diameter of 5-10 cm.

Viburnum berries are oval, have a pearlescent blue color, and there are a lot of them on the bush. In summer the shrub is very beautiful due to the abundance of unusual fruits.

Wrinkle-leaved (Viburnum rhytidophyllum)

This species is native to China. Presented high, up to 5 meters. The width of the tree can be up to 4 meters, the crown is loose and sparse. The leaves are large in size, their length is about 20 cm. They have an unusual wrinkled textured structure.

The flowers are small in size and creamy white. The diameter of the inflorescence is up to 20 cm. The buds begin to bloom in April. The berries are blackish-purple in color.

Wright's (Viburnum wrightii Miq)

It is represented by a straight-trunked, dense and branched shrub, the height of which is up to 2.5 meters. Crown diameter - up to 1 meter. The plant has smooth bark, long leaves up to 18 cm. Their shape is obovate.

The color of the upper part is green, the lower part is light green. It has fertile white flowers with a diameter of up to 0.7 cm. The berries are bright red, round and juicy. Ripening occurs in September

There are about 200 species of viburnum. All of them are very decorative, but not all are winter-hardy. Viburnums are usually shrubs or small trees 3-5 m high. Most varieties are shade-tolerant. Viburnums are spectacular in flowering, fruiting, and also in their variegated autumn attire.

How beautiful the viburnum bush looks, look at the photo below:

Viburnum common ( V. opulus) Since ancient times it has been known in Rus' as a healing plant.

We treat viburnum with respect; varieties have been bred whose fruits do not have a bitter taste:

"Taiga Rubies"

"Rowanushka"

"Shukshinskaya" and etc.

But we are primarily interested in the decorative qualities of viburnum. The Roseum variety with spherical inflorescences of sterile flowers has been widely known for a long time. There are other varieties, for example, Variegatum with variegated leaves and Nanum - a miniature form, no higher than 1 m.

Kalina Gordovina ( V. lantana) - a shrub of impressive size with an original appearance. This drought-resistant and shade-tolerant plant with pubescent leaves and a chic crown is decorative all season long. It blooms earlier than the common viburnum and is not as impressive.

As the fruits ripen, they change shade from green (through scarlet) to black. All these colors can be observed at the same time. Garden forms with golden and yellow-variegated leaves are bred. Common viburnum is in demand when decorating an estate in the Russian style. The pride is suitable for a lover of garden curiosities. Viburnum - cultivation and care: planted singly and in groups; it is better not to plant anything in close proximity, since the lower branches of the bush can take root and inhibit other plantings.

Description of the viburnum bush

In the wild, the plant is found in any forest or clearing. Viburnum is cultivated as an ornamental shrub and at home, planted near rural houses, in the territories of dachas and even city parks. The plant belongs to the Honeysuckle family; out of 200 known forms, about 60 are actively cultivated. Average duration The life of a tree is 40-60 years (subject to proper care).

The distinctive features of the plant are offered in a general description of viburnum - a shrub or slender tree:

Plants are very diverse in their appearance, parameters of flowers and fruits.
The arrangement of sheets is usually opposite, individual species– whorled. Stipules are entire.
The bush blooms with snow-white, occasionally pale pink shields. There are two types of inflorescences - sterile (with a massive perianth) and fruitful (inconspicuous, narrow-tubular).
The fruits are often bright scarlet, but not always. There are varieties whose berries have orange, black sides or even a bluish coating. The vast majority of varieties have edible fruits.

Every person in Rus' knew how to grow viburnum, because there are many things associated with the plant. folk beliefs, traditions, rituals. Viburnum has long been called the “wedding tree.” The girls presented their chosen ones with festive towels, expertly embroidered in red clusters. Bouquets of fruits, tied with a scarlet ribbon, were placed on the dishes with which the newlyweds treated their dear guests.

IN central regions Since ancient times, countries have been baking “kalinniki”: pureed berries were placed inside cabbage leaves, after which they were brought to condition in the oven. The finished pie looked like a black cake with a characteristic aroma. Viburnum has always been used in garden design, as well as in the household - comfortable wallets were made from its flexible branches, shoe nails and other necessary little things were made from lignified branches. Fleshy berries lose their astringency and bitterness after freezing, as well as during drying and thermal processing, when delicious fruit drinks, jams, and marmalade are prepared from them.

All folk healers know how to care for viburnum, since the fruits of this plant have an incredibly beneficial effect on the body:

strengthen the immune system;
reduce fever;
normalize blood pressure;
work as a diuretic;
harmonize the emotional state;
cleanse the blood;
eliminate constipation.

Viburnum vulgare is very effective against anemia, hypertension, and neurological disorders. It removes toxic substances and waste from the body. The fruits are safely stored all winter if they are frozen or ground with sugar.

Growing viburnum: planting, care and pruning in spring

Viburnum is propagated in several classical ways, which will be discussed below. When sowing freshly harvested seeds in autumn, seedlings will appear a year later. The first couple of years, seedlings grow very slowly, but from the 3rd year this process accelerates noticeably. How to plant viburnum correctly by sowing seeds, read on:

The grains are removed from the pulp and washed with running water. Dried seed is suitable for 2 years.
Stratified seeds are stored in room climate for 2 months. At this time the roots begin to peck.
Containers with seedlings are transported to the basement, where they are kept for 1 month.
Then they are picked into special containers, only the roots are buried, and sent to the greenhouse.

From February to March, the development of seedlings continues, they are freed from scales and turn into deciduous seedlings. They can be transferred to a suitable area, where young viburnum will always be located (planting and care in the future are carried out according to the general rules).

Vegetative propagation provides an opportunity to preserve the unique characteristics of the variety. For many decorative forms, vegetation is the only way of reproduction. To form daughter layers, the shoots are rooted without separating them from the mature bush. Annual healthy growths are bent to fluffy, nutritious, moist soil until the buds open. Fixed with strong metal staples.

When the young shoots developed from the buds reach a height of 10-12 cm, they are spudded. How to properly prune viburnum, or rather its cuttings: in the fall, after the cuttings have taken root well, they are cut off from the mature bush using pruning shears.
It is advisable to propagate decorative varieties by cuttings. Green cuttings taken from a 2-3 year old tree take root well. The material is harvested from June to July, cutting the stems into 10 cm pieces. They must have internodes (at least 2 pieces). The upper cut is made at a right angle, the lower one - obliquely. The cuttings are planted in a greenhouse or portable container under oilcloth. A soil mixture of equal parts of sand and peat is used.
How to prepare viburnum cuttings, plant and care for them, look at the photo:
Before planting viburnum, you need to decide on a place where the plant will live comfortably. Most varieties of viburnum exist without problems in conditions of moderate shade. Garden forms are recommended to be planted in open areas of the garden plot, otherwise the bushes will not demonstrate maximum beauty and fertility.

When choosing an area for planting ornamental viburnum, preference is given to areas with good moisture. If there is a body of water in the garden (an artificial pond, a natural lake), then you cannot find a better zone - the plant is not at all afraid of the surface occurrence of groundwater.
Although planting viburnum and caring for it in the open ground is not a labor-intensive activity, it is advisable to show diligence and care so that the plant does not feel discomfort, is pleasing to the eye and bears delicious berries.
Harvesting begins after the fruits ripen (approximately from the 10th to the 20th of September). Overripe berries partially lose their value as juice leaks out. In addition, the longer the fruits remain on the tree, the more birds will feast on them (birds can leave some of the trusses after harvesting). When collecting bunches, you should not break off branches or cut them off, since such actions cause enormous damage to the next year's harvest.
Types and varieties of viburnum: photos and descriptions
There are countless species and varieties of viburnum - below is a short description of only the most popular specimens of this wonderful representative of the plant world:
Viburnum Buryat
Grows on fertile soils. This is a shade-tolerant hygrophyte with a highly branched crown. The shrub reaches a height of up to 3 m. Sometimes it looks like a small tree with a spreading crown, a grayish trunk and bare, yellow-gray branches. The leaves are pointed at the apex. The berries are glossy, with black skin and sweet pulp.
Viburnum fork
It is found on Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, where it grows in the mountains and birch undergrowth. Forms dense thickets. This is an ornamental shrub with very attractive, massive leaves, showy white flowers and deep red berries.
After reading the description of the viburnum variety, look at the photo showing this plant.
Kalina Gordovina
Photophilous mesophyte. One of the most popular and beautiful species. Fruits with black, edible berries. It is distinguished by a marbled pattern on wrinkled foliage of a greenish-yellow hue.
Kalina David
Dwarf 1-meter shrub with symmetrical shoots. The crown is neat and grows slowly. This specimen is native to Western China. The variety is valued for its size of 15 x 8 cm, with deep veins. The inflorescences are white and pink, arranged in umbrellas up to 8 cm in diameter. Flowering begins in June. Blue fruits usually ripen by October.
Viburnum serrated
Comes from North America, where it grows near swamps. This is a massive shrub with a dense crown and gray bark. It has sinewy leaves of a round shape, jagged along the edges. The flowers are white, miniature, collected in panicles with a diameter of 6 cm. Flowering occurs in June-July. The fruits are dark blue, medium-sized, numerous, slightly bitter in taste.
Viburnum canadian
Its homeland is Eastern Canada, where it coexists peacefully with deciduous and coniferous trees. This is a tall shrub or slender tree up to 6 m tall, with an oval crown. It is distinguished by broadly oval, shiny leaves pointed at the tops. The milky white flowers are arranged in corymbose racemes. The fruits are bluish-black.
Rational care and cultivation, as well as pruning of viburnum are the key to its delicate beauty.
How original are they? different kinds viburnum, look at the photo:
How to grow viburnum "Buldenezh": planting and care in open ground
The variety “Buldenezh” (from the French “snowball, ball”) deserves special attention. This is a very decorative bush, which is famous for its attractive, rich flowering. The description of the viburnum variety "Buldenezh" fully corresponds to its name: light flowers, collected in large umbrellas with a diameter of 15-20 cm, really look incredibly similar to snow globes.