Who are you by temperament type: complete characteristics and features by age. Types of character and temperament test. Test: How to determine your temperament type
The content of the article:
Human temperament is a set of psycho-emotional characteristics of a person, a kind of litmus test with the help of which the character of any individual is determined. It should be remembered that the volitional qualities of people are not only an innate factor, they are also influenced by acquired reactions to external stimuli. In most cases, when determining temperament, it is necessary to understand the manifestations of acquired reactions.
What is human temperament
Temperament is, first of all, a certain trait of a person’s personality. During the formation of personality, specific processes occur that are reflected in the behavior of people in society.
The main criteria of temperament lie in the general activity of the person, who at the same time shows social mobility and formats her feelings and emotionality. This is a reaction to any circumstances, a manifestation of feelings or an expression of emotions.
general characteristics a person is easily identified only if he has a stable psychomotor system. However, in most situations, everyone can have several types of temperament, which characterize him as an extraordinary person.
Sometimes a critical set of circumstances or force majeure can turn a calm individual into a rather aggressive person. It is also worth remembering that powerful people can become flexible members of society if the appropriate approach is found to them.
Features of determining temperament according to different theories
Many research experts human souls created their own system of distinguishing people according to their personal qualities. In some aspects these theories are similar, but in certain details they are sometimes radically different from each other.
Definition of temperament according to Hippocrates and Galen
Physicians of Antiquity long observed the fact that many people could be classified into four types. Hippocrates made some assumptions on this issue, and Galen improved them:
- Sangwa. The doctors said that the saturation of the body with blood was good sign for people's communication skills. In their opinion, a person of this type is always active and has a cheerful disposition.
- Reflux. The predominance of lymph in the form of sputum in the human body was considered a manifestation of calmness and slowness. In this case, Hippocrates and Galen based their conclusions on the fact that a person's blood does not boil, which usually leads to a surge of energy towards the people around him.
- Hole. Yellow bile has always and at all times been characterized as a poison that poisons human body. In this case, the predominance of it in the blood characterized people as individuals who do not know how to control their emotions.
- Melanchole. The presence of black bile in a person’s body radically changed his behavior compared to a “chole” person. Hippocrates and Galen considered such people to be fearful individuals who often indulge in sad memories.
Jung's definition of temperament
The famous psychotherapist and student of Freud decided to improve the system that was offered to humanity by the great figures of ancient times. In his interpretation, the types of temperament became more specific and began to look like this:
- Extrovert. This type of personal characteristic of a person implies the focus of all his attention directly on objects. For such individuals, the priority is the opinion of the public, which determines their pattern of behavior. To some extent this is in a great way adapt to society, but excessive manifestation of extraventiveness often leads to the subordination of personal interests in the name of others and nervous exhaustion.
- Introvert. A subjective starting point when planning your life - distinguishing feature a person with a similar temperament. Such people give preference to personal experiences rather than the suffering of those closest to them. External reality is not an argument for introverts, because in all life situations they rely solely on their own opinion.
Designation of temperament according to Kant
The German philosopher also became interested in the theory developed by Hippocrates and Galen. As his contribution to this development, he detailed study The described issue proposed the following amendments:
- Das Leichtblutigen (cheerful disposition). Faith in a bright future, wit, simplicity and kindness - positive traits a person with such a temperament. However, at the same time, Kant emphasized that merry people often easily make promises that they are then unable to keep. In addition, they do not possess such qualities as patience and endurance.
- Das Schwerblutigen (dark disposition). Such people do not dream of new beginnings, because they are constantly subject to self-analysis in a rather negative way. Asking such a person for help can sometimes be very difficult, because he does not promise to take part in someone else's fate without good reasons for this.
- Das Warmblutigen (hot temper). You should not test the patience of such a person, because he instantly lights up like a match. However, with a competent approach to the problem that has arisen on the part of the instigator of the conflict, he quickly cools down and may even apologize. However, Kant argues that it is this type of temperament that is most predisposed to the perception of flattering speeches and compliments.
- Das Kaltbluti (cold-blooded man). Not a single muscle moves on the face of such a person, because she masterfully controls her emotions. However, people with a similar temperament are quite passive and do not want to challenge fate for their own realization.
Types of the nervous system according to I. P. Pavlov
The Russian scientist is known to a large group of people for his developments in the study of the reflex capabilities of dogs. At the same time, he devoted his time to the concept of differentiation of temperament, which is close to the theory of Hippocrates:
- Strong type (sanguine). According to the system of the scientist, the basis of the temperamental traits of such a person is the desire to resist life’s difficulties. Such people easily adapt to any changes, both physically and emotionally.
- Inert type (phlegmatic). The low mobility of a person with a similar character can be considered a positive factor, because he will never enter into conflict. Even an experienced provocateur will not be able to call negative emotions in a phlegmatic person.
- Unbalanced type (choleric). In this case, it is necessary to emphasize that such people are not able to control the balance of excitation and inhibition in their nervous system. Consequently, one cannot expect restraint and composure from such persons.
- Weak type (melancholic). Weakness in external manifestations vital activity and excessive sensitivity to all external stimuli are the basis of the behavior of a person with such a character. Pavlov argues that strong negative emotions can completely destroy the integrity of a melancholic person’s vision of reality.
Calculation of temperament according to E. Kretschmer
This scientist’s theory is based on the fact that a person is controlled by hormones, adjusting the behavior pattern of each individual:
- Picnic type. The definition of temperament in this case is based on the appearance of the person being analyzed. Such people have a stocky figure and excellent health. By nature, they are subject to a riot of passions and exceptional spontaneity. However, E. Kretschmer divides this subspecies into people with hyperactivity and calmer individuals.
- Asthenic type. With rather poorly developed muscles, such a person is quite attractive. appearance. In terms of his character, he resembles a contradictory nature, which can be accompanied by a rich collection of complexes. However, among such people there are often great friends who are ready to help their neighbor at any moment.
- Athletic type. It is such people who sometimes decide the destinies of entire nations. They do not focus on their own experiences, because they stubbornly pursue their goals in the most effective ways.
Classification of temperament according to A. E. Lichko
Famous psychiatrist for a long time studied character accentuation in humans. After some research, he proposed his differentiation of people by temperament:
- Hyperthymic type. With increased mental activity and optimism in all factors, such individuals have every chance of a successful life in the future. They usually realize their powers in politics or in big business.
- Cycloid type. A person with such a behavior pattern agrees with everything that happens in his life. He resembles the well-known pony from the cartoon film, who performed the same actions every day.
- Labile type. Typically, this pattern of behavior is characteristic of teenagers who are looking for their place in this life. An adult with a labile type becomes some kind of experimenter, but within a rather limited framework.
- Hysterical type. Some people only want to express their opinion through hysterics. The process of hand-wringing is important to them, and not its result. This is how melancholic people behave, who have manifestations of choleric temperament.
Classification of temperament from astrologers
Many people, if they want to determine the type of their temperament, turn to all kinds of horoscopes. Ultimately, after studying such sources, they receive the following data:
- Aries. Strong will, friendly character, internal energy are a distinctive character trait of people who were born under this zodiac sign. However, with all these advantages, Aries are always avid debaters on any issue. Such behavior can be characterized by a predisposition to such a type of temperament as sanguine people.
- Taurus. Such people are rather silent, but have their own firm position in life. They speak slowly and measuredly, but at the same time they evaluate every word spoken. By their type they are closest to phlegmatic people.
- Cancer. Pictures from a kaleidoscope make up the vision of the world of a person who was born in the summer. At the same time, Cancers love to joke both at others and at themselves. Remaining excellent family men, they can get carried away, but they will never betray their relatives. This type of character is most suitable for sanguine people.
- a lion. Such people love to rule in any society. There are no authorities for them, because their personality is inviolable. At their core, they are closest to sanguine people, but if you awaken the beast in them, you will have to watch the riot of the choleric person.
- Virgo. At first glance, this sign promises only peace and tranquility. However, in reality, these people often cannot be devoted to their significant other. They are thrifty and know how to make friends, which characterizes them as sanguine people. Although it is often among them that one comes across bright choleric people with hysterical habits.
- Scales. People born under this constellation are excellent listeners. They are energetic without ostentatious fussiness and are constantly in search of harmony. In all respects, their characteristics can be safely classified as sanguine. Melancholic people are also often found among those born in the second decade.
- Scorpion. People of this type should not be exposed to negative emotions. They have self-control, but not everyone dares to test their patience. All this indicates that when meeting a Scorpio, you can get acquainted with a choleric person with his insatiable thirst for justice.
- Sagittarius. Friendly and sociable people of this constellation can sometimes be quite tactless in their reasoning. At the same time, they are rarely traitors and slanderers, which characterizes them as sanguine people. However, among Sagittarius there are many phlegmatic and melancholic people, especially among those who were born almost at the intersection of dates with previous and subsequent astrological types.
- Capricorn. The so-called gray cardinals have great internal abilities. They usually act as advisers to their friends in their own analysis of problems, which in some way classifies them as melancholic.
- Aquarius. The most cheerful horoscope sign can be a friend to almost anyone. He is free as air from any circumstances, but if there are two patron planets in his star chart, he can be sanguine, melancholic and choleric in certain situations.
- Fish. Such a zodiac sign suggests regularity in actions and thinking. However, Pisces will find mutual language with any representative of the horoscope, which equates them in some way to phlegmatic people.
- Twins. Many people have heard about the hypocritical behavior of such persons. At the same time, Geminis, if they dislike routine work, are capable of becoming polyglots. In their temperament, they resemble sanguine people who are always ready to admit their mistakes. But since there are two personalities fighting within them, depending on the reactions acquired through life, they can also be creative melancholics or cholerics.
If you want to reveal the secret of how to determine a person’s temperament, you should review each section in detail. After all, every person has his own unique personality characteristics. And in some cases it is worth taking a closer look at the developments of famous specialists in order to create a description of the psychotype as completely as possible.
It is very good that the world is inhabited by people of different temperaments - that is the only reason we have not yet quarreled, like choleric people, have not let everything take its course, like sanguine people, have not become isolated in our own experiences, like phlegmatic people, and have not drowned in tears, like melancholic people.
True, people with pronounced signs of one or another temperament are rare. Most of them have a mixed temperament with a predominance of traits of one type, which makes it possible to define a person as sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic or melancholic.
Cholerics
Cholerics have many wonderful character traits. They are proactive, energetic, decisive and efficient. Choleric people are excellent inspirers and organizers who have a sharp mind, know what they want, and persistently move towards their goal. To achieve it, they are ready to do anything - even go over their heads.
They are confident that they know everything and will answer any question. Others also get this impression, which is why choleric people often turn to people for advice and help.
It is not surprising that choleric people are natural born. They strive to take this position even when they find themselves in an unfamiliar company or in a new team. They are not afraid to be in opposition - they like to enter into discussions and defend their point of view, even if deep down they understand that they are wrong. They will try to suppress their opponent or opponent at any cost.
Cholerics are optimists who do not despair of difficult situation, and enthusiastically begin to resolve it. They have great things.
This strengths individuals with a choleric temperament. But choleric people also have disadvantages, which makes communicating with them not so easy. They are also authoritarian. For them, their own opinion is above all, and they are always ready to ridicule someone else’s. They strive to make all decisions alone.
Cholerics can be rude, arrogant, sarcastic and even cruel. Compassion and empathy are not characteristic of them; other people's tears only irritate them. They are independent and easily break off relations with those who do not recognize their leadership.
Many choleric people are characterized by selfishness, cunning and resourcefulness.
Famous dictators and tyrants possessed precisely this type of temperament.
Sanguines
Sanguine people are energetic and friendly, welcoming and with any person they will always have a topic to talk about. They say about such people: “They don’t mince words.”
Any event that attracts the attention of a sanguine person evokes a lively response from him: he either laughs at the slightest reason or just as sincerely gets angry for some insignificant reason. sanguine people are bright and expressive - you can easily identify him by them. But if he wants, he can completely control his feelings and not show them.
Sanguine people are optimists, they are carefree and joyful, they live in the present, do not remember past failures and do not think about the future. They are active and efficient, they are alien to routine and monotony, they crave new bright impressions.
But sanguine people are often fickle, disorganized and have a tendency to use other people, make promises and not keep them. They easily admit their guilt and just as easily find excuses for themselves and ask for forgiveness, but they continue to behave as before. They can be on their own and impose their point of view; they like to dominate.
Phlegmatic people
Perhaps this is the most attractive type of all temperament types. Phlegmatic people are friendly and smiling, they are... faithful friends, husbands and wives, good parents. They are difficult to unbalance, they are diplomatic, they are called peacemakers because they avoid conflicts themselves and help other people find a common language.
Phlegmatic people are good people, they easily open their souls strangers, talking about their experiences, and they will find for everyone kind word. At the same time, phlegmatic people themselves are secretive and are in no hurry to open their souls.
They express their own opinion only when asked, and do not impose it on others, like choleric people.
Among the disadvantages are isolation, anxiety, pessimism. Phlegmatic people are often conservative, do not like innovation and change, are stubborn, stingy and somewhat selfish.
Melancholic people
Many philosophers, musicians, writers, art critics, designers, and people of other creative professions have a melancholic temperament. These are integral individuals with formed moral values. They are faithful, devoted, sacrificial, respond to other people's requests and are ready to help even at the expense of themselves.
Melancholic people are vulnerable and emotional, prone to philosophizing, analysis and introspection, they are thinkers. Often they are too zealous in introspection and soul-searching, as a result of which they fall, because they are rarely satisfied with themselves.
Among melancholic people there are many hypochondriacs who are overly concerned about their health and are constantly looking for some new “serious” disease. The majority of melancholic people are introverts.
Some character traits of melancholic people prevent them from building harmonious relationships with other people. They like to talk about someone in order to criticize, but they themselves are very much: for them it is extremely important what other people say about them. And in order to gain their approval, they may act contrary to their wishes. But they remember the insults inflicted for a long time.
Like phlegmatic people, melancholic people are pessimistic.
The German philosopher wrote about them: “A melancholic person will take for tragedy what a sanguine person will see only as an interesting incident, and a phlegmatic person will see as something not worthy of attention.”
“Every person is a victim of his temperament, unless temperament is sacrificed by a person, which is observed no less often,” - Alexander Rafailovich Kugel.
If we take into account the type of temperament of our colleagues, friends and acquaintances, it will be easier for us to predict their behavior and find our own approach to each. We will understand the motives of the choleric person when he tries to impose his opinion on us, we will be able to trust the phlegmatic person, knowing that he will not betray us, we will not sneer at the melancholic person so as not to hurt him, and we will not get bored with the sanguine person.
True, when determining someone else’s temperament, it’s easy to make a mistake, because it’s not for nothing that Hans Eysenck developed an entire technique with many questions, which is used by many psychologists and psychotherapists. It has two options, so that with the help of repeated research, the psychologist gets a more accurate result. The text of the questionnaire, the keys to two options A and B and instructions on how to use it can be found on the Internet by typing in the search “Eysenck EPI Method”.
Based on the immediate answers that must be given to the 57 questions proposed in the test, a person’s habitual way of behavior is revealed. his temperament, emotional stability, deceitfulness or sincerity are determined.
It is curious that the German physiologist Wilhelm Wundt identified the best characteristics of each temperament and advised people to take a little from each: perceive everyday joys and sorrows like a sanguine person; during important events behave like a melancholic when making decisions - like a phlegmatic; and in his aspirations, which deeply affect personal interests, to be like a choleric person.
This test will help you determine what type of temperament you are.
No temperament can be said to be “good” or “bad.” Therefore, your task is not to try to change your temperament (this is impossible), but to use it wisely positive sides and try to neutralize negative manifestations.
In addition, no person has any type of temperament in pure form. Usually it's a mixture various types, but one still prevails. Try to determine which type of temperament prevails in you.
We invite you to take a short test.
Mark next to each statement: + (corresponds to you) or - (does not correspond to you).
Questionnaire text
1. You are restless.
2. You are quick-tempered and impulsive.
3. You are usually impatient.
4. You are proactive and decisive.
5. You are persistent and even stubborn.
6. You are resourceful and quickly navigate an argument.
7. The rhythm of your activity is uneven and spasmodic.
8. You like to take risks.
9. You easily forgive insults.
10. Your speech is fast and emotional.
11. You often suffer from your imbalance.
12. You don't tolerate anyone's shortcomings.
13. You are attracted to everything new.
14. Your mood often changes.
15. You are a cheerful and cheerful person.
16. You are always collected, and your energy is in full swing.
17. You often quit something you started halfway through.
18. You don’t always correctly assess your strengths.
19. Your interests and hobbies change often.
20. You easily get used to new circumstances.
21. It is not difficult for you to be distracted from your own affairs, and you quickly deal with someone else’s problem.
22. Painstaking work that requires patience is not for you.
23. You are sociable and responsive.
24. Your speech is clear and loud.
25. You have excellent self-control and do not panic even in difficult situations.
26. You fall asleep easily and wake up quickly.
27. You find it difficult to concentrate and make thoughtful decisions.
28. You are absent-minded and inattentive.
29. You are reserved and cold-blooded.
30. You are consistent in your words.
31. You are careful and reasonable.
32. You are characterized by restraint, you know how to wait.
33. You are not too talkative and do not like empty chatter.
34. Your speech is measured and calm.
35. You distribute your strength correctly and never give your all.
36. You plan your affairs and adhere to a clear daily routine.
37. You take criticism calmly.
38. It is difficult for you to immediately switch to another activity.
39. You are even, a good relationship with people.
40. You are careful even in small things.
41. It is difficult for you to adapt to a new environment.
42. You are very slow.
43. You are shy.
44. The new environment leaves you confused.
45. You are not confident in yourself, in your abilities.
46. Loneliness does not bother you.
47. Failures and troubles unsettle you for a long time.
48. In complex life periods you withdraw into yourself.
49. You are not very resilient, you get tired quickly.
50. Your speech is quiet and sometimes slurred.
51. You automatically adopt the character traits of your interlocutor and his manner of speaking.
52. You are very impressionable and sensitive.
53. You have high demands on yourself and the world around you.
54. You are characterized by some suspiciousness and suspicion.
55. You are easily offended.
56. You are pleased when others empathize with you.
Well, did you answer the questions? Let's look at the test results then.
The test has 4 groups of questions, each group contains 14 statements. In the first group (from 1 to 14 statements) a description of a choleric person is given. In the second group (from 15 to 28 statements) - the characteristics of a sanguine person. In the third group (from 29 to 42 statements) there is a portrait of a phlegmatic person. In the fourth group (from 43 to 56 statements) there is a description of a melancholic person.
If in any of the groups you received more than 10 pluses, then this type of temperament prevails in you. If the number of pluses is 5-9, then these traits are expressed to a significant extent in you. And if there are less than 4 positive answers, then the traits of this type of temperament are weakly expressed.
Temperament comes from the Latin word “temperamentum,” which means “proper proportion of parts.” In modern psychology, temperament is understood as a characteristic of a person depending on the dynamic characteristics of his psyche. The main criteria by which a person’s temperament can be determined are: general personality activity, motor manifestations or motor skills, as well as emotionality and expression of feelings. There are four types of temperament - phlegmatic, melancholic, sanguine and choleric. Each type is characterized by certain features:
- A sanguine person has liveliness, mobility, rapid excitability, and easy changes of emotions.
- Choleric is characterized by speed of action, vivid and quickly arising feelings, which greatly influence facial expressions and speech.
- Melancholic people are characterized by increased excitability, but at the same time insignificant expression of their feelings.
- Phlegmatic people are easy to notice by their characteristic slowness, calmness and almost imperceptible manifestations of feelings and emotions.
You've probably already thought about how to determine your temperament.
First of all, it is worth saying that the most accurate results can only be obtained using psychological tests. Today, the Eysenck test for determining psychological type person. But besides this, you can use others, for example, the I.P. test. Pavlova, as well as almost any online test. It is also worth noting that although there are four different types of temperament, people with a pronounced “pure” type practically do not exist. Psychologists speak only about the dominant type in a person, as well as the ratio different types in one person. And as you yourself can observe, in different situations the same person can behave completely differently.
Another feature of temperament is that it practically does not change with age. But only the ratio of the expression of different types in one person changes.
External manifestations of temperament
How to determine the type of temperament based on external manifestations?
Psychologists agree that the type of temperament has a huge impact on human behavior. As stated earlier, temperament is based on dynamic personality characteristics. This means that, first of all, it is important the following characteristics– speed of movements and tempo of speech, the ability to quickly get involved in work, as well as changes in moods and emotions. The expressiveness of facial expressions and gestures is another indicator of the type of temperament. The best way determine temperament by external signs- observe a person in communication or at work. Here are some external features each of the temperaments:
- A sanguine person is a cheerful and good-natured person. People with this type of temperament have rich facial expressions and fast, clear speech. The movements are strong, confident and very flexible. As a rule, sanguine people are people with a wide face and a round body; one can observe a tendency to be overweight. The gait of such a person is fast, but smooth, without sudden movements.
- Cholerics can be distinguished by hasty speech, demonstrative facial expressions and sharp gestures. People with a choleric temperament are most often thin, with a lean physique. In addition, the limbs are highly developed, and there is no tendency to obesity.
- Melancholic is a very labile type. As soon as the interlocutor’s gestures and facial expressions change, the melancholic person changes along with him. People with this temperament have refined facial features, external thinness and even thinness. Protruding bones and weak muscles are another distinctive feature. In addition, the limbs are very pronounced, the arms and legs are long and thin. And also, a relatively wide pelvis and shoulders, with a rather narrow waist.
- Phlegmatic people are distinguished by slow movements and a calm gait. People with this temperament have a massive and dense figure and have angular shapes. The muscles are usually very pronounced. And the limbs are short and rounded or middle length. This type also has a tendency toward obesity, but strong muscles often predominate.
It is worth understanding that before you learn to determine temperament by behavior, you should carefully study the characteristics of each type.
I hope that now you know how to determine temperament. This skill is very useful when communicating with other people. After all, knowing the characteristics of your interlocutor, you can adjust your behavior and speech so as to sometimes avoid conflicts. It is also important to know your temperament to determine your best performance, style and demeanor.
A person is born with a certain genetic predisposition, on the basis of which he is able to form other personal characteristics. For example, if a person is not born with wings, then he will not be able to fly, no matter how much he wants to. However, he can learn the various manipulations that his hands can perform. Also with the type of temperament, which has certain characteristics and definitions that influence further development person. A special test can help identify it.
There is still debate about whether temperament is an innate quality. Many refer to the fact that temperament is already inherent in a person from birth, and on its basis certain character traits are formed. If there are stable features in temperament, then they should be classified as features nervous activity, which is already inherent in a person.
Thus, temperament is an innate property of a person, and character is acquired. A person can only influence his own character, which is formed on the basis of what temperament he has.
What are temperament types?
Types of temperament are understood as personality traits that are stable and characterized by the dynamism of their manifestation, rather than their content. This is a type of activity of the higher nervous system, which manifests itself in the emotional sphere.
In psychology, they are distinguished, which clearly distinguish people into certain reactions and behavioral patterns. However, we do not forget that a person’s actions and character traits are subject to his control, regardless of what temperament he has.
Each person has his own temperament and character. Many people confuse these concepts, thinking that they are the same thing. In fact, these are two different indicators of a person’s mental reaction. One is hereditary and practically unchangeable, and the second is acquired and depends only on the individual himself.
Temperament is a mental reaction and state that depends on the structure of the human nervous system. The individual’s nervous system is formed in the womb on the basis of the genetic program that is transmitted from both parents.
Temperament is a hereditary gift. This is why a child is often the same as his parents. The structure of the nervous system allows relatives to be the same, which helps strengthen them and support the family.
is a set of qualities that are developed by a person in the process of life. How does this happen? A certain situation arises. A person begins to react to it, think about it, draw conclusions, make decisions, take actions. Based on the experience, conclusions are drawn (beliefs are created). And subsequent situations in which a person begins to react in a similar way and perform similar actions form habits in him.
Habits in actions, thoughts and decisions force one to demonstrate certain qualities of character in certain situations. A person can develop any quality or trait in himself. But only that which corresponds to his actions, thoughts and decisions that he uses develops in him.
If you change your usual actions, your character will also change, since the manifestation of other qualities will be required and others previously used will be excluded.
Thus, temperament is passed on to people from their parents, and character is formed by the person himself in the process of life.
Types of human temperament
There are 4 types of human temperament today:
- The choleric type is unrestrained, unbalanced, hot-tempered, unbridled. Emotional experiences in this category of people flow very quickly and clearly manifest themselves. Thus, they are easy to remove because they flare up quickly, but they also calm down emotionally just as easily.
Choleric is a very passionate and emotional person. He cannot experience emotions dimly. If he experiences something, it is very deep and bright. Moreover, he may experience conflicting feelings at the same time. However, these experiences do not last long. Soon the choleric person quickly switches to other emotions.
Such a person hates monotonous work. At first he lights up with ideas and enthusiasm. However, over time, he cools down and begins to do the work, reluctantly, carelessly.
Choleric characteristics are speed and strength, harshness and impatience. The facial expressions and gestures of such a person are pronounced, sweeping, and active. Teenagers with this type of temperament are rebellious, often disobedient, getting into fights, disrupting lessons, etc. They are very mobile and active, and can involve other children in adventures.
- The melancholic type is unbalanced, the depth of experiences with an implicit and sluggish manifestation of them outward. Such people behave inconspicuously and slowly. Their movements are characterized by restraint, inexpressiveness, monotony, slowness and poverty.
A melancholic person is very sensitive and vulnerable. His voice is quiet and expressionless. Such a person is afraid of difficulties, therefore, before taking any action, he thinks for a long time about its necessity and plan for implementation. If the action does not require mental stress, then it is performed.
A melancholic person has an asthenic character, when emotions are very deep and stable, monotonous. Such a person is uncommunicative and reserved. He is almost always sad and lethargic, because he reacts painfully to external stimuli.
The melancholic person is weak, indecisive, constantly wanting to settle everything and hesitating. An absolute melancholic person is characterized by passivity, disinterest in affairs and lethargy. Such a person seems to live in his own world, practically unadapted to life.
Melancholic children are often offended and teased; they do not know how to fight against injustice. They find it difficult to get along in a team, but are easily influenced by others. Melancholic teenagers are whiny, timid and shy
- The sanguine type is characterized by speed, balance and moderate strength, but weak intensity mental processes. A sanguine person is able to quickly switch from one job to another. His activities are varied, he does not get tired, learns quickly and can work on something for a long time. His emotionality changes quickly and is therefore not deep.
Sanguine people display expressive and bright facial expressions, which can be accompanied by active movements. They are cheerful and active. It is very easy for such people to be distracted by any external stimuli, since their depth of experience is very low. They are quite impressionable.
A sanguine person is able to quickly solve problems, especially if they are not too difficult or serious. Their decisions are often hasty. They, like choleric people, quickly get excited about various ideas, but then quickly lose interest.
Sanguine people are sociable and sociable people. However, the relationship with him is quite superficial, since he quickly switches from one emotion to another. Today he loves, but tomorrow he may not love. There is a plus here, since a sanguine person quickly forgets insults, sorrows, troubles (as well as joys, pleasant moments, help).
A sanguine person likes to take a leading position, command and take responsibility, be in the center of attention, and be in front.
- The phlegmatic type is characterized by lethargy, low mobility, and slowness. Such a person has little wealth emotional sphere, therefore, is not able to be energetic and quickly move on to taking action. The balance of character is explained by the fact that the emotions of a phlegmatic person are even and constant. He is called measured, calm and calm. Affective manifestations, disorders, and impulsiveness are not typical for him, since such an individual is almost impossible to get angry.
Gestures and facial expressions of a phlegmatic person are inexpressive and monotonous. His speech is lifeless, slow, accompanied by gestures and expressiveness.
Before performing any action, the phlegmatic person thinks long and carefully about its future. However, if he decides to commit it, then he will gradually and purposefully implement it. It is difficult for such a person to change from one job to another, so he prefers to do what is familiar and familiar to him. Changes and changes are possible only when the phlegmatic person was warned about them, he was able to think about them in advance and get used to them. When a phlegmatic person mentally gets used to it, then changes happen easily.
One should not assume that a person belongs only to a certain type of temperament. Usually each contains characteristics of several types, which is called mixed type. One type is clearly expressed in it, and the other three, to one degree or another, complement the first.
Psychological types of temperament
Temperament types are divided according to the following psychological characteristics:
- Sensitivity - the number of smallest forces from outside world, which is necessary to cause a mental reaction.
- Reactivity is the level of reaction and its manifestation in the outside world.
- Activity is a person’s ability to overcome difficulties and influence the world around them.
- The ratio of reactivity and activity is the level of dependence of human activity on external stimuli.
- Rigidity and plasticity are the levels of a person’s adaptability to external stimuli (high or low, inertia).
- Rate of reactions - the speed of mental processes and reactions, motor activity.
- Introversion and extraversion are types of thinking and behavior that are aimed at the external or internal world of a person.
- Emotional excitability is the amount of the smallest stimulus that should cause an emotional reaction, as well as the speed of its occurrence.
Temperament type test
All readers are recommended to take a test to determine their temperament type. The main thing here is to quickly answer the questions posed, without really thinking about the answers. Answer as you would actually respond in real life.
Why identify your own and other people’s temperament type? This will allow you to more clearly know how to interact with others, what they are capable of, and not be offended if suddenly others do not behave as you would like.
There are many tests to identify a person’s temperament:
- Questionnaire by Rusalov.
- Belov's technique.
- Eysenck test questionnaire.
- Smisek Questionnaire.
It will be useful to know your own and other people’s temperament if you are aligned with a person long term relationship. To avoid some conflict situations, it is better to understand the characteristics of the other person.
Bottom line
A person is born with temperament, and character is formed over the years. A person himself can influence the manifestations of certain qualities and behavior. However, everything will be based on the nervous system and its characteristics with which the individual was born.