Pressure on the eyeballs during tachycardia. Why does the eye hurt when pressed: unexpected causes and treatment The eye hurts if you press on it

When you press hard on eyeball more picturesque phosphenes arise. If you attach index fingers to the eyeball at the nose and lightly press them towards the temples, the field of view is illuminated, and after a few seconds a flickering image appears in the form of a chessboard or a moving field of bright dots arranged in an elegant complex pattern around a luminous center. By gradually releasing your fingers, you can see how the chessboard disappears, while sometimes the center remains illuminated. If you now press on the eyes again, bright, broken lines will appear, resembling a system blood vessels, and if you remove your fingers, a beautiful filigree image appears again for a while. The checkerboard pattern, which shifts as you move your gaze, may to some extent reflect the location nervous system retina. On the other hand, filigree can arise during the further visual process, since it remains the same no matter where a person looks. Phosphenes produced under pressure, like external light, affect the “sequential image” (“afterimage”). An “afterimage” is the image that appears before the eyes after a person has gazed at a bright source of light for several seconds. The “afterimage” can be negative. It occurs when you move your gaze from bright light to dimly lit white wall. A dark image appears. A negative “afterimage” also occurs if you simply close your eyes and press on them. The “light” from the appeared phosphenes will serve as a background. The phosphenes formed when pressing on the eyes have their own negative images. When you lightly press on the eyeball, phosphenes appear in the form of dark circles, but only if the eye is slightly open and directed at a well-lit surface.

Phosphenes of various shapes are formed when the eyes move sharply in the dark. Waking up, for example, in a dark room, you can see the phosphenes characteristic of this case: a fan-shaped explosion of yellow sparkling arcs. At first they are clearly distinguishable, but when you try to call them, they become blurry again. The late Bernard Nebel of Argonne National Laboratory studied in detail the phosphenes produced by motion. He suggested that they could be caused by inertial resistance acting on the retina from the side vitreous- a transparent gel that fills the eyeball.

Phosphenes also arise under the influence of various chemical substances, in particular alcohol. A person in a state of delirium tremens sometimes sees a field of bright moving specks, which he sometimes mistakes for insects crawling on the wall. The same phosphenes are caused by scarlet fever toxins. Some drugs often cause phosphenes in abstract forms. Phosphenes appear to be important characteristic cerebral intoxication with psychotropic drugs.

The autonomic nervous system regulates the strength and frequency of heart contractions. An increase in heart rate is ensured by an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and a decrease in heart rate due to the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Providing oxygen flow

Loosen tight clothing, ventilate the room, or go outside Fresh air. This will help you not to lose consciousness during an attack of tachycardia.

Breathing exercises

Inhale with straining: take a deep breath and try to “push” the air down as if you were straining.

Exhale with effort: clasp your thumb with your lips and try to exhale with all your might.

Carotid artery massage

Gentle massage carotid sinus able to prevent an attack of tachycardia. Gently massage the artery as low as possible under the jaw. Your doctor can show you the correct pressure point.

Pressing on the eyeballs

Close your eyes completely and gently press your fingertips onto your eyeballs for 10 seconds. This procedure must be repeated several times.

Dive reflex

When marine mammals dive into deep water, their heart rate automatically slows down. To trigger the “immersion reflex”, fill the pelvis cold water and put your face in it for a few seconds.

Cold drink

Pour a full glass of cold water (the colder the better). Drink water while standing, and then lie down on the bed so that your legs and head are at the same level. Try to calm down and relax.

Massage of biologically active points (tachycardia and bradycardia)

Massage of biologically active points. Quite a pronounced improvement in cardiac activity during arrhythmia. Can be used for tachycardia and bradycardia.

a) Starting position, sitting with a straight back. Left hand located in front of the lower abdomen, with its palm facing upward. End of the phalanx thumb right hand press hard on biologically active point nei-guan. The point is located approximately 2 fingers above the bend line of the hand, in the center inner surface hands between tendons. First of all, you need to press downwards, then towards the heart, without moving your finger. Repeat the same pressure with your left hand on the Nei Guan point of your right hand.

b) Starting position, sitting with a straight back. The left hand, palm up, rests on the thigh. Use the index and middle fingers of your right hand to press on the Nei Gong point of your left hand. Then along inside press and rub your hands up and down 200 times.

Note: In patients with arrhythmia, the rhythm of the heart quickly returns to normal during a massage. In patients with tachycardia, massage should begin with light movements, gradually increasing the pressure. At the same time as applying pressure, it is necessary to vibrate and lightly knead the surface with your fingers. In patients with bradycardia, it is necessary to begin the massage immediately with strong irritating movements.

Location of the point: between the tendons of the palmaris longus muscle and the flexor carpi radialis, above the wrist fold by 2 proportional cun.

Topographic anatomy. The location of the point corresponds to the median nerve passing in depth; the interosseous artery of the palmar surface, the external and internal cutaneous nerves of the forearm are distributed in this area.

The depth of the zhen is 3-5 fen (1 -1.5 cm). The duration of the tszyu is 5-10 minutes.

Indications: myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis, palpitations, jaundice, conjunctival hemorrhage, pain in the area elbow joint and shoulders, stomach spasms, collapse after childbirth.

First aid for tachycardia

The most important thing to do when an attack begins paroxysmal tachycardia- is to call someone for help. The fact is that an attack of tachycardia can at any time transform into a life-threatening arrhythmia, including ventricular fibrillation. in which a person quickly loses consciousness and dies without outside help within literally a few minutes.

You can try to relieve the attack yourself - with reflex physiological exercises or taking appropriate antiarrhythmic drugs. The exercises consist of stimulating the vagal nerve and reducing reflex mechanism heart rate. Here are some of them:

Valsalva maneuver - you need to strain and at the same time try to take a deep breath; try to complete the test for at least 10 seconds;
Danini-Aschner reflex - pressing on the eyeballs through closed eyelids;
massage carotid artery, or more precisely, the carotid sinuses: with light circular movements, the point separating the upper and middle thirds of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is massaged;
inflating a balloon - you need to inflate the balloon until it bursts;
“diving reflex” - immersing the face in cold water for 10 or more seconds.

The techniques are repeated until the heart rate drops to the desired level. The most effective of them is the “diving reflex”; when used, normal sinus rhythm is restored in approximately 90% of cases.

Of the antiarrhythmic drugs, verapamil and adenosine (ATP) are considered the most effective.

It is worth remembering, however, that even a successfully stopped attack is an indication to see a doctor. And the first attack of tachycardia without physiological reasons (for example, during sleep or rest) is a direct reason to call an ambulance, preferably a specialized cardiology team.

The child is placed in horizontal position(without pillow). The assistant should firmly hold the child's head and arms. The doctor puts both thumbs palmar surface on the eyeballs of the child, who is asked to do 3 - 4 deep breaths and then hold your breath on the last breath.

Pressure is produced by the ends thumbs on closed eyes the patient directly under the superior supraorbital arches in a posterior direction.

The pressure is applied for 3 - 4 s and should cause unpleasant feeling in a child (to be strong enough). At the same time, the heart rate is monitored.

The test can be repeated after 2 - 3 minutes. Severe myopia is a contraindication to its use.

Carotid sinus massage (Chermak-Goering test)

The child is placed in a horizontal position with his head slightly turned to one side.

The carotid artery is probed directly at an angle lower jaw in front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The massage is carried out with fingers II - III for 10 - 20 s.

The direction of the massage is back and towards the spine. The pressure force should increase gradually. The massage usually begins on the right; when the tachycardia stops or a pause occurs, it is stopped immediately.

“Emergency care in pediatrics”, E.K. Tsybulkin

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Supraventricular tachycardia is one of the forms of arrhythmia, the cause of which is a violation electrical conductivity hearts. Often this form of arrhythmia is found in children.

Forms

Depending on the location of the source of tachycardia, there is atrial and atrioventricular tachycardia.

Atrial:
- focal, or focal, atrial tachycardia. The cause of development is pathological excitation of one section of the atrial conduction system;
- multiple, or multifocal, tachycardia. It is caused by the presence of several foci that cause an increase in contractile activity in the atria.
Atrioventricular or AV form:
- focal paroxysmal tachycardia comes from the cells of the atrioventricular junction;
- atrioventricular reciprocal tachycardia develops with the participation of additional pathways for electrical impulses.

Causes

Paroxysm (attack) is formed when the focus of the disease is located in the atria or atrioventricular junction. Arrhythmia attacks do not occur regularly, but only under the influence of external factors.

Reasons for the development of paroxysm:

activation of nervous system excitability after fear or stress;
heart defects;
ischemia, dystrophy and other myocardial diseases;
disorders caused by intoxication with drugs, alcohol and other substances.

The causes of the disease include extracardiac and cardiac.

Heart reasons:

congenital, i.e. appearing in utero. These are structural features of the conductive tissue of the heart;
cardiac ischemia;
heart defects;
myocarditis;
cardiomyopathy;
heart failure.

Extracardiac causes:

hyperthyroidism or other diseases of the endocrine system;
excessive alcohol consumption;
bronchopulmonary diseases;
imbalance of the nervous system.

There are risk factors that provoke the appearance and development of tachycardia:

nervous tension and constant stress;
drug addiction, alcoholism and smoking;
excessive coffee consumption.

Symptoms

Attacks of accelerated atrial contraction last from several seconds to several hours and are characterized by a fast and even heart rhythm. This pathology occurs in people of all ages, but children are more often susceptible to tachycardia. Supraventricular tachycardia appears suddenly and is characterized by the following symptoms:

increased heart rate;
a feeling of tightness in the neck and chest;
dizziness;
loss of consciousness;
feeling of anxiety, fear, discomfort.

With prolonged attacks, symptoms of heart failure appear:

swelling of the limbs;
the appearance of bluish areas on the lips and fingertips;
dyspnea;
a sharp drop in blood pressure.

Only with severe concomitant heart diseases does the patient’s life become dangerous. Given the suddenness and severity of the attacks, the patient’s quality of life decreases, increasing tension and fear of another attack appear.

Diagnostics

analysis of the course of the disease and patient complaints. Patients note sudden appearance and the end of rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, weakness, nausea, discomfort in chest, fainting;
life history analysis. The doctor identifies the presence of disorders in the patient’s relatives of cardio-vascular system, cases sudden death. The level is determined physical activity patient;
physical, or medical, examination. The presence of obesity is recorded and blood pressure is measured. When listening heart rate frequent rhythmic tones are noted;
blood test - necessary to identify concomitant diseases;
general urinalysis - also performed to determine additional disorders;
blood chemistry. It is used to determine cholesterol levels, sugar levels, potassium and other elements;
ECG is the main diagnostic method; it records abnormalities characteristic of tachycardia;
24-hour electrocardiogram monitoring records attacks of tachycardia that the patient does not feel. This method allows you to evaluate the beginning and end of paroxysms, identify the presence of arrhythmia and determine its nature;
electrophysiological examination of the heart. The method involves the use of additional equipment and electrodes. Identifies the mechanism of development of supraventricular tachycardia and determines the grounds for surgical intervention;
Echocardiography is performed to determine structural changes hearts.

First aid

Emergency care for an attack of supraventricular tachycardia consists of the following set of measures:

inducing vomiting;
massage of the right carotid node;
pressing on the eyeballs;
straining with pinched nose;
pressing on the stomach;
cold washing and wiping the face;
reception sedatives(tincture of valerian, valocordin).

If the effectiveness of these actions is low, antiarrhythmic drugs (Verapamil and others) are used in the form of intravenous injections. If ischemia or fainting occurs, hospitalization is urgently required.

Treatment

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia suggests several treatment options:

Conservative treatment:

aimed at preventing attacks of rapid heartbeat. For prevention, the cardiologist prescribes medications that restore normal heart rhythm;
used to stop an attack of tachycardia intravenous injections antiarrhythmic drugs or electropulse therapy.

Stopping an attack with medications begins with beta blockers. If effectiveness is low, a combination of beta blockers and other antiarrhythmic drugs is used.

Surgery

Based on the results of the ECG and TEE examination, indications for surgical treatment:

regular and prolonged attacks of tachycardia and poor tolerance;
continuation of rapid heartbeat after taking antiarrhythmic drugs;
occupation associated with a risk to life in case of fainting;
cases when prolonged drug therapy undesirable or poorly tolerated.

The radiofrequency ablation method is used as surgical treatment. During the operation in large vein an electrode is inserted, passed into the cavity of the heart, and the pathological focus in the conduction system of the heart is destroyed by high-frequency current. For multiple lesions, the procedure is repeated.

Radiofrequency ablation is an expensive procedure that has a number of complications. So, as a result unsuccessful operation There is a disorder in the functioning of the ventricles, so the installation of a pacemaker is required. A pacemaker can also be installed electively, when the conduction pathways between the atria and ventricles are completely cut to treat arrhythmia.

Prevention

It is important to prevent diseases that provoke the development of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia:
- cardiac ischemia. Requires stable moderate exercise stress, rational balanced diet and quitting smoking and alcohol;
- inflammation of the heart muscle. To prevent its occurrence, it is necessary to first treat colds at home, rather than going to work or school.
Eliminate psycho-emotional stress in the form of stress, conflicts, etc.
Stop using tobacco and alcohol.
Include moderate physical activity in your daily routine.
Maintain a rational and balanced diet.
Control your weight.
Monitor blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

Often supraventricular tachycardia is genetic in nature, so relatives of a patient who has been diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia are recommended to undergo a comprehensive examination:

ECG – recording of the bioelectric fields of the heart;
EchoCG – ultrasonography hearts;
24-hour electrocardiogram monitoring.

Forecast

The prognosis of paroxysmal tachycardia is made taking into account the root cause, frequency and duration of attacks, the development of complications, as well as the condition of the heart.

Often the disease allows patients to full life. Rare paroxysms go away on their own or after minor medical care. The worst prognosis is for persistently severe tachycardias that lead to disruption of the nervous system and internal organs, – disability.

The eye may hurt when pressure is applied due to fatigue of the visual apparatus or diseases of the body. You can detect the symptom while washing your face or rubbing your eyes in the morning.

There are several reasons why the eye hurts when pressed. Not all causes are dangerous to health.

Visual fatigue

Fatigue occurs due to working at a computer, wearing for a long time contact lenses, prolonged driving of a car. If there is pain from pressure, it is necessary to limit visual stress and perform eye exercises.

Damage to the organ of vision

Mechanical damage and pain when pressed are caused by:

foreign body;
tattoo;

It is necessary to remove the foreign body, bury eye drops"Albucid", "Levomycetin" to prevent infectious complications. In case of damage, drops “Hyphenlez” and “Artificial tear” will help.

If the eyeball hurts when pressed due to increased IOP, this is a sign of glaucoma. Therapy – reduction intraocular pressure Pilocarpine drops. If ineffective medications An operation is performed to form pathways for the outflow of aqueous humor.

Vascular problems

TO vascular disorders include: capillary atrophy, inflammation, vasospasm. The causes of problems with blood vessels can be inflammation, trauma, increased IOP, and somatic diseases. Treatment is the prescription of medications depending on the cause.

Inflammatory processes of the eyes

Bacterial and viral diseases(uveitis, scleritis, stye, herpes) are additionally accompanied by redness, swelling, and lacrimation. For the treatment of bacterial diseases, drops of "Levomycetin", "Albucid" are prescribed, and at night - ointments "Tetracycline", "Tobrex". Viral diseases treated with Oftalmoferon drops.

Dry eye syndrome

Dryness of the eye occurs due to tension in the organ of vision, lack of vitamins, autoimmune diseases. The eye may hurt when pressed, become watery and red. Treat with moisturizing drops "Vizin", "Artificial tear".

Strabismus therapy consists of wearing an occlusive bandage, selecting glasses, hardware and surgical treatment.

Inflammation of the trigeminal nerve

Defeat trigeminal nerve may arise due to infectious causes, compression, trauma. Characterized by shooting pain. Treatment is carried out by neurologists (anticonvulsants, painkillers, blockades).

Oncology

The eyeball may hurt when pressed due to a tumor in the orbital area. The tumor grows and compresses the structures of the visual organ. Treatment is carried out by oncologists: they remove the tumor, prescribe radiation and chemotherapy.

Infectious and viral diseases of the body

As a secondary symptom in infectious conditions (ARVI, sinusitis), the eyeball may hurt when pressed. Therapy consists of removing the infection from the body with antibacterial or antiviral drugs.

Headache

Pain in the head may occur due to fatigue, stress, or prolonged tension. Secondarily, the eyeball may hurt. Popular means for headaches: “Pentalgin”, “Mig”, “Citramon”.

High blood pressure

High blood pressure can cause headaches and eye pain. Selection of antihypertensive therapy is necessary.

First aid for a symptom depends on the cause. If your eyes hurt when pressed due to overstrain of the visual organ, then you need to give your body a rest. Inflammatory pain is relieved with anti-inflammatory drugs. In case of injury, apply cold water to closed eyelids.

Diagnostics

If you suspect that your eye hurts when pressed due to possible illness, then you need to contact an ophthalmologist.

At the initial consultation, the doctor will examine the visual apparatus, tonometry, biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. For a more in-depth diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe an ultrasound of the eyeballs, MRI and CT of the eye orbits.

If there are concomitant diseases, the ophthalmologist will refer specialized specialists for consultation.

If you find that your eye hurts from pressure, do not continue to apply pressure. This may make the condition worse.