A disease characterized by disorders of the hormonal system is lupus erythematosus. With this disease, the body's own completely healthy cells are attacked.

The disease affects all body systems, forcing the immune system to attack full-fledged cells and tissues, confusing them with harmful bacteria and viruses, trying to destroy them.

In dogs with lupus, a huge amount of immune complexes are formed, stored in the kidney section responsible for filtration, in the tissues lining the articular bags of the wrists, knees and other joints, in the skin, in blood vessels and other organs of the animal.

Predisposition of certain breeds of dogs to the disease

Today, the disease is considered quite rare, but some experts consider this rarity equal to poor-quality diagnostics. The fact is that it can be difficult to recognize this disease even for an experienced veterinarian. According to studies, lupus is most common in dogs of the following breeds:

• collie;
• English Shepherds;
• poodles;
• german shepherds;
• some types of hounds;
• Irish setters.

Most often, the disease manifests itself in German shepherds, and at the age of about 6 years. The gender of the animal and its physical characteristics do not matter.

Symptoms

The clinical picture depends on the part of the body where the immune complexes are localized and on the specification of the autoantibodies. Different body systems produce their own picture of the disease.

Lupus erythematosus in dogs in the photo

A photo. Lupus erythematosus in dogs

Musculoskeletal system

Symptoms from this side are most often the following:

• pain and inflammation of the joint bags;
• lameness;
• muscle weakness and soreness.

Leather

On the skin, signs of the disease are noticeable, such as:

• damage;
• ulcers at the junctions of the skin with mucous membranes (near the lips, nose, anus). Abundant, extensive ulcers lead to loss of appetite, a strong decrease in the weight of the animal;
• baldness, loss of coat color, ulcers, redness.

kidneys

Manifestations of the disease from the kidneys are of the most dangerous nature, affecting the entire body as a whole:

• enlargement of the liver and kidneys;
• autoantibodies fight cells responsible for blood clotting;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• when lymphocytes attack, other body systems are also affected.

Important! Most often, the very first sign indicating developing lupus is frequent bleeding from the nose. After that, reddening of the skin and ulceration of the mucocutaneous junctions appear.

Causes of the disease

Why lupus erythematosus occurs in dogs, veterinarians cannot yet say for sure.

To date, veterinarians are not ready to answer why dogs develop lupus erythematosus. Most experts are inclined to the version of a genetic predisposition, sometimes aggravated by inflammatory processes, infections, and a significant amount of ultraviolet rays.

For example, scientists have noticed that dogs living on the street get sick more often - this gives a reason to associate the disease with ultraviolet radiation. In addition, a shift in the immune system is provoked by leukemia, bacterial and fungal diseases.

The experiences of American doctors show that a long-term diet, which includes mold toxins, leads to the appearance of symptoms similar to lupus erythematosus. Such experiments prove that there can be many reasons for the manifestation of diseases. However, their detection in this case is not essential, since it does not have a significant impact on the treatment of the disease.

Diagnosis of the disease

Lupus, like other diseases of the autoimmune system, is difficult to diagnose. To identify it, it is necessary full analysis blood, biochemical research, urinalysis. The veterinarian needs to know how long the symptoms have been, what preceded them, how suddenly they appeared.

On a note! The diagnosis can only be made after a complete examination. To judge the presence of such a serious and specific disease on the basis of only external manifestations it is forbidden.

Treatment for lupus erythematosus in dogs

If, when contacting a doctor, the condition of the animal is severe, the blood cells are prone to decay, it must be hospitalized. If the lesions are not so severe, the doctor may prescribe outpatient treatment. The doctor, prescribing therapy, takes into account the form of the disease, the stage of development, the affected organs, the age of the animal and concomitant diseases.

Important! If the skin is slightly affected, it is treated with hormonal ointments. In more advanced cases, injections of glucocorticoids, mainly prednisol, are required. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often used. Even the most simple cases require months of treatment.

When sending a dog for treatment at home, the doctor strongly recommends that you provide her with maximum comfort and peace. This will help reduce the rate of progression of the disease by preventing joint destruction. In order to prevent the dog from moving around a lot, it is wise to put him in a cage.

Many doctors (not just veterinarians) believe that with this condition, sun exposure should be reduced as much as possible. It is advisable to walk the dog only in the early morning and after sunset. Since lupus affects the kidneys, it is worth switching the animal to a diet containing a minimum of protein so as not to overload the excretory system.

Many veterinarians advise less exposure to the sun with your dog.

To relieve pain, suppress the "enraged" immune system, you should use only those drugs that the doctor prescribes in a particular situation. The set of drugs depends on the degree of organ damage, on which specific systems have been attacked.

Prevention

As a preventive measure, you should try to prevent prolonged exposure to the sun in dogs of breeds most susceptible to lupus. In addition, you should monitor changes in the pet's body in order to catch the disease in time. early stage.

Knowing that the disease is hereditary, the reproduction of sick animals should not be allowed.

Observation

Lupus erythematosus is an unpredictable disease, its treatment requires long-term immune suppression. During treatment, side effects are not uncommon. At first, you need to visit the veterinarian every seven days, the doctor will draw up a further schedule based on the condition of the animal. Only a specialist should monitor the progress / regression of the disease - the disease cannot be left to chance.

Lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease in dogs. It is caused by disorders in the hormonal system. The disease affects all organs and systems of the body, forcing the immune system to attack healthy tissues and cells, which confuses them with harmful viruses and bacteria.

Predisposition

Today, the disease is considered quite rare. Many experts attribute this to poor quality diagnostics. The fact is that even the most competent veterinarian cannot recognize lupus in dogs. But according to the research results, the disease occurs mainly in the following breeds:

1. English and German Shepherds;
2. poodles;
3. Collie;
4. Irish Setters;
5. Some types of hounds.

The disease is most often diagnosed in German Shepherds, and in age period 5 years. The physical characteristics and gender of the animal do not matter.

The main types of the disease are systematic lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus. Moreover, discoid lupus in dogs is classified as an autoimmune disease, and systemic lupus is classified as hereditary. These two forms are characterized general symptoms and reasons.

Veterinarians still cannot say why lupus erythematosus appears in dogs. No expert can give a definitive answer to this question. Many adhere to the version hereditary predisposition, which is often aggravated by infections, inflammatory processes.

But scientists have also noticed that stray dogs get sick more often, so the disease is associated with ultraviolet rays. In addition, changes in the immune system provoke fungal and bacterial infections, leukemia.

Based on the results of the experiments, American veterinarians came to their conclusion - they believe that a long-term diet, which contained mold toxins, leads to the onset of symptoms of the disease.

Thus, all experiments prove that the etiology of the disease can be varied.

Symptoms

Symptoms of the disease depend on the placement of immune complexes and the characteristics of autoantibodies. Signs such as loss of appetite, lethargy, and fever can be influenced by climatic, genetic, infectious, and pharmacological factors. Miscellaneous systems animal organisms give out their "picture" of the disease.

Symptoms from the musculoskeletal system:

1. The concentration of immune complexes in the inner layer of the joint capsule (synovial membrane);
2. Pain, inflammation of the joints;
3. muscle weakness and pain;
4. Lameness.

The following signs of the disease are visible on the skin:

1. Immune complexes are concentrated in the skin;
2. Skin damage;
3. Central or symmetrical location of damaged skin (ulcers, redness, peeling, baldness or discoloration of the coat);
4. Ulcerative formations on the mucocutaneous junctions (near the nose, lips, anus).

Manifestations of kidney disease are very dangerous. They affect the entire body of the animal. To kidney symptoms relate:

1. Immune complexes are concentrated in the kidneys;
2. Enlargement of the liver and kidneys;
3. Autoantibodies come into conflict with leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets;
4. Inflammation of the lymph nodes;
5. When lymphocytes attack, other organs are affected.

Diagnosis and treatment

Like all autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus in dogs can be difficult to diagnose. To clarify the diagnosis, the veterinarian prescribes blood tests (certain tests). Treatment of the disease is very complex and success is not always guaranteed.

If the veterinarian assesses the condition of the dog as serious (the breakdown of blood cells), then the animal is urgently hospitalized. If the lesion is minor or mild, outpatient treatment is recommended. The veterinarian, prescribing treatment, takes into account the form and stage of the disease, the age of the dog and associated diseases.

With outpatient treatment, it is necessary to ensure peace and comfort for the pet. Proper care can slow down the rate at which the disease spreads, leading to a halt in joint destruction. In order to limit movement, doctors recommend putting the dog in a cage.

Many experts agree that in case of illness, it is necessary to minimize the exposure of the dog to the sun. If possible, walk the animal only early in the morning and late in the evening. In addition, since lupus erythematosus can affect the kidneys, it is worth switching the dog to a diet low in protein.

To relieve pain and immunity, only those drugs prescribed by a veterinarian should be used. The set of drugs depends on the degree of damage to the system and organs.

Preventive measures to prevent the development of lupus erythematosus:

1. Limitation long stay in the sun;
2. Careful monitoring of the health of the dog in order to recognize the disease at an early stage of development;
3. Predisposed (sick) dogs should not be allowed to breed.

Lupus erythematosus is an unpredictable disease, its therapy requires long-term immune suppression. Side effects may occur while taking the medication. Therefore, at the initial stages of treatment, it is necessary to visit the veterinarian once a week. Only an experienced specialist should observe regression or progress; in no case should the disease be allowed to take its course!

Attention, only TODAY!

№3-2014

Autoimmune diseases (continued)

Beginning in №2.2014

Discoid lupus erythematosus

General information

This disease is common in dogs. Lesions in the form of erythema, erosions, crusts spread on the nose and bridge of the nose, in the periorbital region, on the lips, on the auricles, on the genitals. In this case, the nose is usually depigmented. The general condition of dogs with this disease does not change. Among the predisposed breeds are the Scottish Shepherd, German Shepherd, Siberian Husky. Differential diagnoses include mucocutaneous pyoderma, pemphigus, erythema multiforme, lymphoma, nasal solar dermatitis, nasal depigmentation, drug reactions, uveodermatological syndrome, contact dermatitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. It is considered to be an extremely rare disease in cats, clinically manifested by lesions on the auricles and on the front of the head in the form of peeling, crusting and alopecia. The point of view of the authors in different sources is commonplace, since there are opinions that the diagnosis of discoid lupus erythematosus in the described cases in cats can be ambiguous.

Establishing diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination, response to proposed therapy, and histological findings. Characteristic histological changes in discoid lupus erythematosus were previously considered lymphocytic or lymphocytic plasma cell lichenoid superficial dermatitis with hydropic degeneration of basal keratinocytes. A very important aspect: according to relatively recent data reflected in publications, today it is believed that there are no clinical or histological differences between discoid lupus erythematosus and pyoderma of the mucocutaneous zones. In this regard, there is a recommendation according to which it is proposed to use the antibiotic of first choice in dermatological doses as a trial therapy. This, in turn, can make it possible to differentiate one problem from another.

Therapy

At the initial stage, cephalexin in doses of 22-30 mg / kg / 12 hours, for 30 days, can be chosen as therapy. In the event that there is no response to therapy, immunomodulators are used: Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, in addition to this - niacinamide and tetracycline. Then, in the absence of a response, after 60 days locally - glucocorticoids. And only then, after 60 days, if there is no effect from the prescribed therapy, prednisolone is prescribed in an anti-inflammatory dose, which is then slowly canceled over several months to the minimum effective dose.

Clinical case of discoid lupus erythematosus from our practice

A 7-year-old male mixed breed of dog was admitted to our clinic. From the anamnesis, it appeared that within a few weeks he developed lesions on his nose and prepuce (Figures 9-10). This was accompanied by itching of these areas and self-injury. Among differential diagnoses we considered mucocutaneous pyoderma, pemphigus, epitheliotropic lymphoma, discoid lupus erythematosus.

As an initial therapy, cephalexin in the accepted doses was proposed, but there was no effect after a few weeks of using the drug, moreover, we noted negative dynamics clinical manifestations. The choice of such therapy was due to the fact that cytological studies from under the crusts determined the microbial coccal flora. Antibiotic therapy was accompanied by culture, which confirmed the sensitivity of the microflora to this antibiotic. We have collected material for histological examination and until the results were available, topical therapy with 0.1% tacrolimus was prescribed. At the same time, a partial response to the proposed therapy was noted.

The histological results indicated that we were faced with mucocutaneous pyoderma. Nevertheless, we continued tacrolimus therapy and, given the trend towards the development of clinical signs, introduced cyclosporine at doses of 10 mg/kg/day into the regimen at the same time. This combination quickly brought the patient into remission (photos 11-12). To date, we are reducing the frequency of giving cyclosporine, conducting further monitoring of the patient.

Conclusions:

• The history, physical examination, primary dermatological tests, and especially biopsy are important for making a diagnosis in the presence of autoimmune diseases.
• The results of a biopsy may not always be useful for making a diagnosis: in some cases due to incorrect biopsy taking, in some cases due to objective reasons (features of the histopathological picture).
• Trial therapy, thought out and as safe as possible for the patient, can also be a good guide on the way to the final diagnostic choice.
• Literature:
• Muller & Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology 7th Edition 2012. P. 432-461.
• Nebraska Veterinary Medical Association. 2010 CONVENTION PROCEEDINGS. January 21–23, 2010. Holiday Inn & Convention Center Kearney, Nebraska. R. 3-7.
• Muller & Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology 6th Edition 2001. P. 678-713.

In the not so distant past, on all the screens of the country (and not only ours), one could see a series dedicated to one eccentric doctor ... Who was simply delighted with lupus! But what kind of disease is this, and does it affect our pets? Yes, dogs can get lupus. No, the dog does not turn into a wolf.

Basic information about the disease

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of antibodies against a wide variety of self antigens. Too unclear? In other words, it is a disease in which the body's immune system becomes "hyper-protective", attacking the cells, organs and tissues of its own body, mistaking them for harmful bacteria, viruses and fungi. Naturally, this does not lead to anything good.

High levels of antigen-antibody complexes form in the zona glomerulosa of the kidneys, the synovial membrane of the articular capsules, in the skin and blood vessels. In some cases, antibodies may appear that specifically attack certain blood cells. It happens somewhat less often that the attacked macrophages, leukocytes, basophils, etc., simultaneously pounce on vascular walls and other cells and tissues of the body.

Systemic lupus erythematosus in dogs is rare, but is thought to be largely due to poor diagnosis of the disease. It is believed that Collies, German Shepherds, English Shepherds, have a certain predisposition to it. afghan dogs, some hounds, Irish setters and poodles. Currently, many veterinarians tend to think that lupus can be called a hereditary disease of German Shepherds to a certain extent, since their population is especially susceptible to this pathology. As a rule, the disease develops at the age of six years. Gender and physiological state of the animal do not play a role.

Symptoms and affected systems

Thus, the symptoms of lupus in dogs depend both on the type of antibodies produced and on the location of the underlying lesions. However, genetic, environmental, pharmacological, and infectious factors can play a negative role. Consider the response of the musculoskeletal system:

• Deposition of immune complexes in the synovial membranes (soft tissue lining the inner surfaces in the joints).

• Swollen and/or painful joints are a major sign of lupus in many dogs.

• Lameness, unnatural position of the legs.

• Pain in the muscles, gradual exhaustion of the animal.

Less often you can see the response from the skin and the endocrine system of the body. Clinical signs in this case are as follows:

• Deposition of immune complexes in the skin.

• Defeats skin that have arisen for no apparent reason, suddenly. They are symmetrical or unilateral: redness, swelling, ulcers, depigmentation and / or hair loss. Unfortunately, not all breeders pay attention to these signs.

• A very characteristic symptom are ulcers both on the skin and on all visible mucous membranes. Lots of damage around the mouth, nose (pictured), anus. In some cases, the ulcers are so extensive and severe that the dog cannot defecate, eat, or drink normally.

All this is not good, but these symptoms do not pose a direct threat to the life of the animal. Another thing is the following clinical signs and processes:

• Deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys.

• Hepatonephromegaly, that is, a sharp increase in the volume of the kidneys and liver.

• Production of antibodies against red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

• Lymphadenopathy - swollen lymph nodes.

• A sudden lesion of other organs and tissues can be diagnosed, and this depends solely on what kind of “target” the lymphocytes choose for themselves.

Note that the classic symptom of this condition in dogs is frequent, sudden nosebleeds. Often they appear even before skin lesions.

What causes it and how is it diagnosed?

Until now, the cause of lupus erythematosus in dogs has not been unequivocally determined. Scientists suggest that in most cases this pathology is genetically determined, since in the same German shepherds (which we have already written about), lupus is very common throughout the entire population.

It was possible to establish that animals that spend all the time on the street get sick more often. Most likely, this is due to ultraviolet radiation. There is also evidence that some viral diseases, including infections of bacterial and fungal origin, can contribute to the inadequate behavior of the immune system.

In particular, American veterinarians were able to achieve something similar by keeping experimental animals on a diet with a small amount of mold toxins for a long time. So the possible causes of lupus are extremely diverse. In any case, identifying the exact predisposing factor is impractical (it will not help the treatment anyway, and you will waste time).

Immediately, we note that discoid lupus in dogs (like other autoimmune diseases) is difficult to diagnose. A complete blood count is required, a biochemical study is performed, and a urine test is done. You need to tell the veterinarian when the clinical signs began to appear, what preceded them, and how sudden the onset of the disease was. Joint pain, kidney problems, skin lesions, breakdown of red blood cells, low platelets, and general weakness, - these are the signs that allow you to suspect the presence of lupus.

But here it should be mentioned that the final diagnosis can only be made on the basis of a professional genetic examination. "By eye" the presence or absence of such a specific disease can never be judged.

Therapeutic methods

If the condition of the dog is severe, and there are already signs of hemolysis of the blood, it must be urgently hospitalized, since the treatment of lupus in dogs in this case is very difficult. However, in those situations where severe effects have not yet been identified, home therapy is acceptable. Of course, there is no specific treatment, and specific therapeutic methods depend on the systems that were affected in a particular case.

So, when the dog's joints hurt and collapse, he is prescribed painkillers, complete rest is recommended. This approach will help slow down the development of the disease and prevent further destruction of the articular tissue. Many veterinarians (and even "human" doctors) strongly advise limiting the time a dog spends in the sun. If you live in an area where the weather is often sunny, you should walk with your pet only in the early morning or late evening. Since the kidneys are almost always affected by lupus, a diet with a small amount of protein, which does not burden the excretory system, will not hurt.

There are many medications that can be used to treat lupus. Immunosuppressants are always used to reduce the response of the immune system and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation in the lymph nodes and other body tissues. Be that as it may, only a veterinarian should deal with their appointment.

Lupus erythematosus in dogs belongs to a group of diseases that are characterized by hormonal disorders, when the body begins to attack its own healthy cells.

Causes and symptoms

First of all, the disease affects the skin, causing specific forms of dermatitis. On the other hand, lupus is accompanied by impaired renal function and gradual destruction of connective tissue, including bone elements.

The first sign of lupus is frequent nosebleeds. In the future, redness appears on the skin. In the absence of timely treatment, the affected areas of the skin begin to become covered with ulcers that resemble small open wounds.

And since there is an active destruction of connective tissues, the joints are affected first of all - this is how polyarthritis appears. An increase in body temperature is often observed.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosing lupus erythematosus, like any other autoimmune disease, is quite difficult. The veterinarian should examine the dog's medical history, familiarize himself with all the symptoms and order the necessary tests.

The spleen and the rest of the immune system strive to rid the body of old, diseased, or damaged red blood cells, which is their normal function. If a large percentage of cells are affected and they are destroyed faster than they are replenished, AIHA develops and the animal shows outward signs of the disease.

The clinical signs of AIHA usually develop gradually and progress, but sometimes an apparently healthy animal has a sudden decline and an acute hemolytic crisis. Symptoms are usually associated with a lack of oxygen: weakness, severe lethargy, lack of appetite, increased heart rate and breathing. Heart murmurs and pallor of the mucous membranes (gums, eyelids, etc.) are possible. More severe cases develop fever and jaundice (icterus), which is a yellow discoloration of the gums, whites of the eyes, and skin. This is due to the accumulation of bilirubin, one of the breakdown products of hemoglobin.

Diagnosis is usually made by these clinical features and by the results of a clinical blood test indicating anemia; at the same time, erythrocytes of irregular shape or stuck together are often found. To confirm the diagnosis, a Coombs reaction can be performed. Corticosteroids are the primary treatment for any autoimmune disease. Initially, very high immunosuppressive doses are used to induce remission, and then the dose is slowly reduced over many weeks or months to a low maintenance dose. Most affected animals require lifelong steroid therapy, and the risk of relapse remains.

If steroids alone are not enough, more powerful immunosuppressive drugs such as Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) or Imuran (azathioprine) can be added. These are very effective chemotherapy drugs, so the dog must remain under close supervision due to the possibility of side effects, including the possibility of a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood.

In cases that do not respond to treatment, splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, can be recommended. The positive effect of this intervention is due to two mechanisms: the dog produces less antibodies against red blood cells and the main organ responsible for their destruction is removed. An animal without a spleen can live a perfectly normal life.

Blood transfusion is rarely used. The addition of a foreign protein can actually exacerbate the crisis by increasing the production of bilirubin and other waste products for the liver to process and by suppressing the bone marrow's normal response to anemia. At life threatening anemia, blood transfusion (after checking for compatibility with a cross-sectional test) in combination with immunosuppressive therapy is possible.

Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

Treatment is the same as for AIHA with high doses of corticosteroids and the addition of cyclophosphamide or vincristine if corticosteroids are ineffective. It is possible to remove the spleen; but surgical risk while higher due to worse blood clotting in IOT. In some cases, transfusion of fresh whole blood or platelet-rich plasma is effective.

The prognosis for AIHA is poor. At lightning-fast development Crisis animals often die before the start of active therapy, while in other cases it is not always possible to achieve or maintain remission. With IOT, the prognosis is usually good, although ovariohysterectomy is recommended after the platelet count has returned to normal. This reduces the risk of uterine bleeding in the event of a relapse. Affected dogs and bitches should not be bred due to the effects of steroids on offspring and the risk of hereditary transmission of susceptibility.

Autoimmune skin diseases

Autoimmune skin diseases are a group of infrequent or rare diseases. Diagnosis can be difficult, especially for a general practitioner who has seen no more than 1-2 cases in his entire career. Usually, skin biopsy and immunofluorescence staining are needed to diagnose such diseases, and the prognosis for recovery varies. Corticosteroids are considered the main treatment.

"The Pemphigus Complex"- a group of four autoimmune skin diseases characterized by the appearance of "vesicles" or "vesicles" (blisters), erosions and ulcers. At pemphigus vulgaris ("pemphigus vulgaris") lesions are usually located in the oral cavity and at the border of the skin and mucous membranes, that is, between the hairy skin and the mucous membrane. These areas include the eyelids, lips, nostrils, anus, prepuce, and vulva. Skin lesions in the groin or armpits also occur. The bubbles are thin, brittle and break easily. Skin lesions are described as red, weeping, ulcerated plaques.

And when "vegetative pemphigus" lesions are thick, irregular, and proliferate to form vegetative lesions with exudation and pustules. It is believed that this is a benign form of pemphigus vulgaris.

Pemphigus foliaceous ("Pemphigus foliaceous")- a rare disease that affects the oral cavity or areas on the border of the skin and mucous membranes. Bubbles form briefly; The most common symptoms are redness, crusting, peeling and hair loss. Pemphigus foliaceus usually begins on the face and ears and often spreads to the limbs, paw pads, and groin. Often there are secondary skin infections, in severe cases, fever, depression and refusal to feed are possible.

Erythematous pemphigus ("Pemphigus erythematosis") clinically appears as foliate and often develops on the nose. Ultraviolet radiation exacerbates this form of pemphigus and can lead to a misdiagnosis of nasal solar dermatitis ("collie nose"). This form is considered to be a benign form of pemphigus foliaceus. The term "bullous pemphingoid" is similar to the term "pemphigus" (pemphigus), and these diseases are also similar in clinical course. At the same time, in oral cavity, at the border of the skin and mucous membranes, in the armpits and in the groin, vesicles and ulcers of the same type can be found. Differentiation is possible only with the help of a biopsy. Evaluation of the vesicles is critical to making a diagnosis and, because they rupture soon after formation, the dog often has to be admitted to the hospital and examined every 2 hours until a biopsy can be obtained.

Left: Pemphigus in a dog.
On the right is Pemphigus in a cat.

Discoid lupus erythematosis (Discoid lupus erythematosis) is believed to be a benign form of systemic lupus and is an autoimmune dermatitis on the face. Most common in collies and shelties; more than 60% of affected dogs are females. Often the lesion is described as a "butterfly silhouette" on the bridge of the nose; it must be differentiated from nasal solar dermatitis and pemphigus erythematosus.

Finally, a syndrome similar to Vogt-Koyanagi-Garada (VCG) syndrome is an extremely rare disease, possibly of an autoimmune nature, leading to depigmentation and concomitant eye damage. The black pigments of the nose, lips, eyelids, paw pads, and anus turn pale to pink or white, and acute uveitis (eye inflammation) develops. If treated early, blindness can be prevented, but lost pigment usually does not come back. As you can see from the above descriptions, many autoimmune diseases have similar manifestations, except for discoid lupus, they do not have a breed, sex or age predisposition.

As with other autoimmune diseases discussed earlier, the main goal of treatment is to suppress the body's immune response. large doses systemic glucocorticoids. If steroids are ineffective, more powerful drugs are prescribed, such as cytoxin or imuran.

For the treatment of diseases from the group of pemphigus or pemphingoid, preparations of gold have been proposed. In the case of depigmentation of the nose, tattooing the affected areas helps prevent sunburn and the possible development of squamous cell carcinoma.

The prognosis for discoid lupus is usually good, but may vary for other disorders. Many dogs with VCH are euthanized due to blindness. Breeding sick dogs is not recommended. There is currently insufficient information on the heritability of autoimmune skin diseases.

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (or simply lupus) is a classic example of a multisystem autoimmune disease. Lupus is often referred to as the "great imitator" because it can present almost like any other disease. The symptoms of SLE can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic and are usually cyclical. Unsustainable fever refractory to antibiotics is one of the hallmark clinical features; another sign is a stiff gait or lameness, passing from one limb to another (polyarthritis, see below). Other possible signs include hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia, leukopenia (low white blood cells), or symmetrical dermatitis, especially on the back of the nose (butterfly-shaped).

In SLE, two other organ systems may be affected. Polymyositis (inflammation of many muscle groups) causes gait changes, muscle wasting, fever and pain, and behavioral changes that are common in dogs in pain. Inflammation of the glomeruli, the functional units of the kidneys, causes a condition called glomerulonephritis. It leads to the loss of protein in the urine and ultimately to kidney failure.

As in the diagnosis of other similar diseases, first of all, it is necessary to do a complete clinical blood test, a biochemical analysis of serum and a urine test. The method of definitive diagnosis of SLE is the determination of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). This method detects positive cases more consistently than older methods, and its results are less affected by time and steroid therapy. Only a few ml are required for analysis. serum, which must be sent to a veterinary laboratory specialized in the analysis of animal samples.

Therapy is based on the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action of corticosteroids or more powerful drugs - Cytoxan and Imuran. However, due to the wide variety of manifestations of lupus, individual therapy may be required in each case. If an infection develops due to a decrease in white blood cells and immunosuppressive therapy, antibiotics should be prescribed. A low-protein diet can also be used as maintenance treatment for a dog with kidney dysfunction.

The prognosis for SLE is cautious, especially when complicated by renal impairment. Severe generalized infections of the kidneys (pyelonephritis), joints (septic arthritis), or blood (septicemia) are usually incurable and develop late in the disease.

Polyarthritis

Immune-mediated polyarthritis occurs both in the SLE described above and independently. This classification includes several different specific diseaseshowever, all the main symptoms are similar. Typical signs include high fever, tenderness and swelling of the joints, and lameness that shifts from one limb to another. In some cases, there are enlarged The lymph nodes. In deforming (erosive) arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an X-ray of the joints is informative, but in non-deforming (non-erosive) types, it does not show changes. Blood test values ​​can be normal, high, or low.

In uncomplicated immune-mediated polyarthropathies, about half of the cases can be achieved with corticosteroids in remission. In the remaining cases, cytoxin or imuran is prescribed to induce remission, and then steroids are used to maintain it. The prognosis for these diseases, with the exception of rheumatoid arthritis, is generally good. RA is more common in small breeds.

Recently, researchers have begun to explore the possible role of the immune component in many well known diseases. Endocrine disorders (such as hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus) can be caused by the rejection of hormone-forming cells by the immune system. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCM or dry eye syndrome) due to the cessation of tear production is treatable with cyclosporine, which is used to suppress rejection. Chronic active hepatitis (liver disease) can also have an immune basis. These and many other areas of medicine are currently being researched for possible links to the complex world of autoimmune disease.

Lupus erythematosus is a dermatosis of autoimmune origin in dogs, is rare, manifests itself in the form of acute and chronic forms. Diagnosis is difficult; upon examination, the veterinarian reveals erythema and ulcers on the skin. Localization of damage is different, internal organs are involved in the pathological process.

The main signs of the manifestation of the disease

fibrinoid dystrophy connective tissue is considered the basis in the pathogenesis of the disease. Lupus erythematosus in dogs is a multisystem autoimmune pathology, characterized by the presence of "hyperprotection" - an abnormal reaction of the animal's immune system to its own body cells.

The disease is rare, but to a greater extent this is due to the poor level of diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Doctors of the DobroVet EC, based on practical observations, speak about the belonging of some dog breeds to SLE:

• German Shepherds.
• Afghan hounds.
• English Shepherds.
• Poodles.
• Collie.
• Irish Setters.

It is especially noted that German Shepherds have a genetic predisposition to lupus erythematosus, since it is in this breed of dogs that more cases of SLE. The sex and physiological state of the animal does not play a big role in the development of the disease; as a rule, the pathology is diagnosed after 6 years.

The main causes and methods of diagnosis

The causes of lupus erythematosus in dogs are not fully understood. There are observations indicating a genetic predisposition (German Shepherds), the manifestation of pathology with improper maintenance of animals (especially homeless ones), with strong exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Leukemia, fungal and bacterial infections can also cause SLE. All observations of veterinarians indicate the multifactorial nature of the pathology.

Discoid lupus erythematosus in dogs, like any autoimmune pathology, is difficult to diagnose, the basis of research includes:

1. Analysis of blood and urine.
2. Detailed history (first symptoms, how and when they appeared).
3. Study of the kidneys.
4. Inspection of the skin, etc.

The following symptoms suggest systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog: impaired kidney function, joint pain, breakdown of red blood cells, weakness, skin lesions, low platelet count.

It is important to remember that a definitive diagnosis can only be made with a genetic examination, until then SLE can act as a preliminary conclusion.

Symptoms of lupus erythematosus in dogs

Clinical manifestations depend on which antibodies are produced by the body and on which area (localization) their action is directed. An important role in the course of signs is played by factors: infectious processes, environmentally poor conditions, genetic predisposition, taking pharmaceuticals.

Damage to the musculoskeletal system:

• Damage to the synovial membranes (the tissue that lines the joints).
• Swollen joint tenderness is the leading symptom of lupus erythematosus in most dogs.
• Unnatural positioning of the legs, lameness.
• Exhaustion of the animal, pain in the muscles when walking.

Job disruption endocrine system:

1. Sudden formations on the skin.
2. The appearance of symmetrical or unilateral foci of redness.
3. The formation of depigmentation, ulcers, swelling on the skin.

Most breeders do not pay attention to these symptoms and only when the lesions cover a large area turn to the veterinarian.

A characteristic symptom indicating lupus erythematosus is ulcers in the nose, mouth and anus, bleeding and poorly healing. In advanced cases, the area of ​​the wound is so extensive and painful that the dog cannot eat, drink, or defecate normally.

Symptoms that threaten the life of the animal:

• Hepatonephromegaly (a sharp increase in the volume of the liver and kidneys).
• The presence of antibodies against platelets, leukocytes, erythrocytes.
• Lymphadenopathy.

Other types of lesions of organs and systems are often diagnosed, it all depends on what will be chosen by lymphocytes as target cells. According to practical observations, one of the classic signs of lupus erythematosus in dogs is sudden nosebleeds.

What to do and how to treat?

Urgent hospitalization is required for a dog if there are signs of blood hemolysis and treatment in this case is difficult. At home, it is permissible to carry out therapeutic measures in cases where there are no signs of an advanced disease.

Specific treatment has not been developed, all methods used depend on which organs and systems are affected.

When the joints are affected, painkillers are prescribed, complete rest, which helps to stop the development of the pathological process. Limiting exposure to UV rays, prolonged exposure to the sun can provoke an aggravation of the disease.

A diet low in protein is essential as systemic lupus erythematosus almost always affects the kidneys. Immunosuppressants, corticosteroids help relieve inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes.

In any case, ignoring the primary signs is unacceptable, self-treatment, especially the use of local preparations for visible skin lesions, do not give results. Almost all therapeutic measures should be carried out in a veterinary clinic, take care of your pets!

Veterinary center "DobroVet"

Among rare autoimmune diseases in pets, lupus erythematosus in dogs is the most common and studied chronic pathology. With it, the immune system fails and begins to produce antibodies against the body's own cells.. This situation leads to the development of inflammatory processes in internal organs, on the skin, in the joints.

Some experts believe that pathology leads, first of all, to a genetic predisposition. Most often, lupus erythematosus is diagnosed in breeds such as rough collies, Scottish and German shepherds, Afghan hounds, poodles, Irish setters, hounds.

According to other veterinarians-therapists, such factors as lead to pathology:

• chronic inflammatory processes in the body;
• severe bacterial, viral, fungal infections;
• regular consumption of low-quality moldy products;
• long-term use of some medicines, including those that affect the immune system;
• excessive influence on the body of a pet ultraviolet radiation. At risk are animals that are constantly outdoors;
• prolonged stress.

Predisposing factors include gender and age: females and pets older than 6-8 years get sick more often.

Types of pathology and their symptoms:

• Discoid. Occurs very rarely. Collies and German Shepherds are at risk. It manifests itself primarily as a violation of the normal pigmentation of the skin on the nose. Then the pathological process is complicated by an inflammatory reaction. At the tip of the nose, there is redness, swelling, erosion, sores. As it dries, crusts form.

Ulcers can bleed, fester with complications bacterial infection. Less commonly, there is a lesion in the auricle and oral cavity. With severe damage to the mucous membrane, the dog loses its appetite and loses weight. In some cases, regular nosebleeds are observed.

Discoid lupus erythematosus

Animals living in hot climates are more likely to suffer from discoid lupus due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

• Systemic. The cause of development is considered to be genetic predisposition, viral and bacterial infections, illiterate use of immunosuppressants and hormonal drugs. Systemic lupus affects many body tissues. Most often, the musculoskeletal system suffers from the attack of antibodies.
• First of all, they are amazed synovial membranes lining the articular surface. Clinically, this is expressed in their swelling and swelling. The animal is in severe pain.

The owner may observe lameness, unnatural gait. The dog avoids sudden movements, becomes lethargic and inactive. Palpation reveals muscle soreness.

Systemic lupus erythematosus

There are also changes in the skin. The dog develops alopecia. The skin becomes dry, covered with ulcers and crusts. As a rule, baldness affects the head, ears, tail and limbs. There may be hyperkeratosis in the paw area. Skin lesions are often complicated by bacterial infection, which leads to the development of severe pyoderma.

A malfunction in the immune system also leads to the development of anemia in a sick pet. Often in systemic lupus there is neurological disorders- Seizures.

• symmetrical. autoimmune disease, affecting mainly the claws, is called symmetrical lupus onychodystrophy. The disease is typical for German Shepherds and often affects females up to 6 years old. Symptoms are manifested as a defect in the claw on all paws. Microflora joins the pathological process, inflammation develops. The animal limps, constantly licks its paws. Soreness leads to a sluggish state, appetite decreases.

Lupus onychodystrophy

With lupus erythematosus, the symptoms are often sluggish and similar to many pathologies. If suspected, a thorough visual examination of the skin is carried out. In this case, the doctor pays attention to the nature skin rashes, the presence of photodermatitis, the symmetry of the lesions. Equally important is the observation of the behavior of the pet, the manifestation of neurological abnormalities.

If discoid lupus is suspected, a skin biopsy should be performed in the dog.. General and biochemical analysis blood. Proteinuria is found in the urine. The cell test for lupus is often false negative, such as in leishmaniasis, making diagnosis difficult. Structural changes in the kidneys, characteristic of autoimmune pathology detected by ultrasound.

Differential diagnosis is carried out in relation to a number of diseases. First of all, in a shaggy patient, demodicosis, leishmaniasis, and dermatophytosis are excluded. It is also necessary to conduct a bacteriological analysis for pyoderma and bacterial folliculitis.

The treatment will take a long time. First of all, the veterinarian will prescribe an effective antibiotic therapy in order to prevent the development of purulent inflammation of the skin. The drug is selected individually. Often used tools such as "Cyclosporin A", "Azathioprine", "Mycophenolate", which have an immunosuppressive effect. Cutaneous forms of lupus are treated with hormonal ointments.

If the joints are affected, rest is prescribed, allowing you to remove the load from the musculoskeletal system. The dog is kept indoors, excluding exposure to the body of ultraviolet radiation as much as possible.

The main drugs are immunosuppressants, for example, "Tacrolimus". High doses glucocorticosteroids, such as Prednisolone, significantly reduce the production of lymphocytes and immunoglobulins in the body of a sick animal, which is necessary for an autoimmune disease. The course of treatment can be from 8 weeks to six months.

Prognosis for a sick animal veterinary specialists do careful. According to the observation of therapists, 40% of four-legged friends die during the first year of development of the pathology. This is due to the complication of the disease with a bacterial infection, chronic renal failure, the development of pneumonia and sepsis. If there is a positive response of the body to the use of glucocorticoids, the prognosis is favorable.

Read more in our article on lupus erythematosus in dogs.

Read in this article

Causes of lupus erythematosus in dogs

Among rare autoimmune diseases in pets, lupus erythematosus in dogs is the most common and studied chronic pathology. The disease lies in the fact that the furry pet's immune system fails and begins to produce antibodies against the body's own cells.

This situation leads to the development of inflammatory processes in the internal organs, on the skin, in the joints. It is in these tissues that pathological immune antigen-antibody complexes are most often formed, aimed at destroying viable animal cells.

The pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus

There is no consensus among veterinarians about the causes of autoimmune diseases in pets. Some experts believe that, first of all, a genetic predisposition leads to pathology. Thus, lupus erythematosus is most often diagnosed in such breeds as Rough Collies, Scottish and German Shepherds, Afghan Hounds, Poodles, Irish Setters, and Hounds.

According to other veterinary therapists, such factors lead to a rare autoimmune disease:, how:

Predisposing factors include gender and age. So, among females, the disease is observed much more often than among males. According to the supervision of veterinarians, pets older than 6-8 years old should be under close attention owner. To start the pathological mechanism in the immune system, according to experienced dog breeders, long-term stress can.

Types of pathology and their symptoms

In veterinary practice, there are such basic forms of autoimmune disorders as discoid, systemic and symmetrical lupus. Types of the disease differ in clinical picture, sexual and genetic predisposition.

Discoid

This clinical form pathology is very rare. Veterinarians do not trace the relationship between sex and age, but there is a risk for breeds such as collies and German shepherds. Discoid lupus erythematosus in dogs is manifested primarily by a violation of the normal pigmentation of the skin on the nose.

Then the pathological process is complicated by an inflammatory reaction. At the tip of the nose, there is redness, swelling, erosion, sores. As it dries, crusts form. Ulcers can bleed, suppurate when complicated by a bacterial infection. Less commonly, there is a lesion in the auricle and oral cavity. With severe damage to the mucous membrane, the dog loses its appetite and loses weight. In some cases, the pet has regular nosebleeds.

Discoid lupus erythematosus

According to the observation of veterinary therapists, animals living in hot climates are more likely to suffer from discoid lupus due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Systemic

A severe disorder of the immune system is systemic lupus erythematosus in dogs. The cause of the disease is considered to be a genetic predisposition, viral and bacterial infections, the illiterate use of immunosuppressants and hormonal drugs. Systemic lupus affects many body tissues.

Most often, the musculoskeletal system suffers from the attack of antibodies. First of all, the synovial membranes lining the articular surface are affected. Clinically, this is expressed in their swelling and swelling. The animal is in severe pain. The owner may observe lameness, unnatural gait. The dog avoids sudden movements, becomes lethargic and inactive. Palpation reveals muscle soreness.

A malfunction in the immune system also leads to the development of anemia in a sick pet. Often, with systemic lupus, the owner also observes neurological disorders - convulsions, seizures.

symmetrical

An autoimmune disease that mainly affects the claws of an animal is called symmetrical lupus onychodystrophy. The disease is typical for German Shepherds and often affects females under the age of 6 years. Symptoms of lupus erythematosus in dogs are manifested in the form of a defect in the claw on all limbs.

Microflora joins the pathological process, inflammation develops. The animal limps, constantly licks its paws. Soreness leads to a sluggish state, appetite decreases.

Lupus onychodystrophy

Animal diagnostics

Establishing the autoimmune causes of health problems requires high professionalism from a veterinary specialist. Symptoms of the disease are often sluggish and similar to many pathologies. If lupus erythematosus is suspected in dogs, first of all, a thorough visual examination of the skin is carried out. In this case, the doctor pays attention to the nature of skin rashes, the presence of photodermatitis, the symmetry of the lesions.

Equally important is the observation of the behavior of the pet, the manifestation of neurological abnormalities.

If discoid lupus is suspected, a skin biopsy may be appropriate in a dog. A general and biochemical blood test can help in establishing the diagnosis.

Thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, or increased amount lymphocytes may indicate an autoimmune pathology. Proteinuria is found in the urine.

The cell test for lupus is often false negative, such as in leishmaniasis, making diagnosis difficult. Structural changes in the kidneys, characteristic of autoimmune pathology, are detected by ultrasound examination.

Differential diagnosis is carried out in relation to a number of diseases. First of all, in a shaggy patient, demodicosis, leishmaniasis, and dermatophytosis are excluded. It is also necessary to conduct a bacteriological analysis for pyoderma and bacterial folliculitis.

Treatment for lupus erythematosus in dogs

When found at pet lupus erythematosus owner must understand that the treatment will be long. First of all, the veterinarian will prescribe an effective antibiotic therapy to prevent the development of purulent inflammation of the skin.

Antibacterial drug is selected individually. Often used drugs such as "Cyclosporin A", "Azathioprine", "Mycophenolate", which have an immunosuppressive effect. Cutaneous forms of lupus are treated with hormonal ointments.

If the joints are affected, the pet with lupus is prescribed rest, which allows to relieve the load from the musculoskeletal system. The dog is kept indoors, excluding exposure to the body of ultraviolet radiation as much as possible.

The main drugs that provide therapeutic effect with autoimmune pathology, are immunosuppressants, for example, "Tacrolimus". High doses of glucocorticosteroids, such as Prednisolone, significantly reduce the production of lymphocytes and immunoglobulins in the body of a sick animal, which is necessary for an autoimmune disease. The course of treatment is prescribed strictly individually and can range from 8 weeks to six months.

If the animal develops symmetrical lupus onychodystrophy, the damaged claw is removed surgically.

Forecast

Due to the complexity of diagnosis, the lack of a specific treatment regimen for an autoimmune disease, veterinary specialists make a cautious prognosis for a sick animal. According to the observation of therapists, 40% of four-legged friends die during the first year of development of the pathology. This is due to the complication of the disease with a bacterial infection, chronic renal failure, the development of pneumonia and sepsis.

In the event that a positive response of the body to the use of glucocorticoids is observed, the prognosis is favorable.

Lupus erythematosus in dogs is a rare disorder of the immune system. With an ailment, both individual tissues, for example, the skin of the nose, and organs and systems, such as the musculoskeletal, kidneys, and lungs, can be affected. Similarity of symptoms to many skin diseases, the lack of specific diagnostic methods makes it difficult to timely detect pathology.

Treatment is usually conservative and is based on the use of antibiotics and glucocorticosteroid drugs.

Useful video

Watch this video for symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in dogs:

Lupus erythematosus in dogs is a fairly rare immune disease. Let's just say - with this disease, the immune system performs its functions too diligently, as a result of which healthy cells, organs and tissues are seriously attacked. Unfortunately, this disease is not only found in dogs, cats and even people get sick, but it is more common in dogs. The disease is dangerous, it can provoke inflammation in the heart, lungs, kidneys and joints. There are two types of lupus erythematosus: discoid and systemic.

Symptoms of lupus in dogs

The disease manifests itself in a mild or severe degree, it is very difficult to differentiate the two types of lupus. The disease disrupts the work of all organs and systems, because healthy cells and tissues are destroyed with the same force and speed if they were viruses or bacteria. The heart, kidneys, blood and skin suffer. If treatment is not started on time, lameness, arthritis or other inflammatory joint diseases may occur. In some cases, anemia, hair loss, infectious diseases were noted.

The disease may be accompanied by frequent urination, feverish state, the gums become white, the joints and muscles weaken, the dog becomes lethargic, more often lies. In cases where the lymph nodes are enlarged, the same happens with the liver and spleen, then anxious behavior is observed, the animal experiences discomfort, fuss, and may be aggressive.

Discoid lupus erythematosus

If the depigmentation, ulcers, or lesions are only on the skin of the face, nose, or oral mucosa, then your dog has discoid lupus. For availability this disease may indicate nosebleeds, and if such cases recur, you should not hesitate to visit a doctor. Very often, the ears, scrotum, and vulva are affected.

Attention! External signs alone are not enough to make a diagnosis of lupus in dogs. Do correct conclusion It is possible only on the basis of a comprehensive examination of the animal's body; for this, clinical tests are done. The peculiarity of autoimmune diseases is that they affect more than one organ. An accurate picture of what is happening can be obtained by the results of an analysis of urine, blood, skin biopsy, etc.

Noticing the slightest deviations from the norm in behavior and appearance your pet should immediately consult a doctor, otherwise the lost time may not have the best effect on the course and treatment of a formidable illness.

Causes of the disease

"What is the reason?" Unfortunately, there is no definite answer to this question yet. Most experts believe that the cause is a genetic predisposition. Various external and internal factors can provoke an ailment: inflammatory processes in the body, infections, long exposure to the sun, frequent stress, fear, etc.

What breeds are at risk? These are Collies, English Shepherds, Poodles, German Shepherds, Afghan Hounds. Most often, German shepherds who are not yet six years old get sick, more often females get sick.

Individuals who live on the street fall into the risk zone. A malfunction of the immune system can be the result of leukemia, a bacterial or fungal disease. American scientists have found that lupus erythematosus in dogs can occur if you feed them moldy foods. But the treatment of the disease does not depend on the causes that caused it, therefore, if the mechanism is running, all forces must be directed to treatment.

That is why it is so important to pay due attention to the health of your pets. Lupus-prone breeds should only be walked before sunrise or after sunset. They should not be subjected to too much physical activity, unjustified frequent stress can also provoke this disease. Animal feed should be varied and balanced and nutritious.

Diseases of the joints, kidneys and other organs must be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, due attention should be paid to immunity. If dogs get enough protein, minerals and vitamin, their immune system will function normally. Proven to be hereditary this disease Therefore, breeding of animals should not be allowed.

Treatment of the disease

The main thing is to prevent possible complications and try to alleviate the condition of the sick animal. Treatment depends on the type of lupus, the degree of damage to organs and systems, and general condition patient.
In cases of severe course of the disease, and this is most often the case with systemic lupus, the dog is subject to hospitalization, she is prescribed complex treatment including immunosuppressants.

But, in most cases, limited outpatient treatment. We must not forget that each animal has its own individual characteristics, the doctor must take into account the severity of the disease, the stage at which it is located, the degree of damage, the age and health of the dog.

For a speedy recovery, it is very important to provide the animal with rest, good food, comfortable conditions, in this case, perhaps, the disease will not progress, and the articular tissue will remain intact. Try to avoid stress, limit your pet's movements, it may need to be put in a cage for a while, this will not be very pleasant, but it is quite justified.

If the diagnosis is discoid lupus erythematosus, and the skin lesions are minor, then they are treated hormonal ointment. If the degree of damage is large, injections of prednisolone, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are given. Vitamin E is prescribed, it promotes the regeneration of skin cells and prevents the development of secondary infections, and other drugs.

You need to be prepared for the fact that the treatment process will be quite complicated, it will take several months to treat a four-legged friend. But, if you strictly follow all the recommendations of the doctor, your pet will get better. Remember that this autoimmune disease is not a sentence. With it, the animal can live for many more years. But, the sooner you pay attention to the disease, the more effective the treatment will be, which means that your pet will be able to maintain health, and nothing will threaten his life.

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