Rubella. Symptoms, signs, treatment, consequences and prevention of the disease. Komarovsky. Description of almost all childhood diseases. Viral and bacterial. Especially to reflection opponents of vaccinations. Detection of disease symptoms

However, there are a number of documented cases of reinfection to date.

1. impaired immunity;

2. individual characteristics of immunity;

3. a long period after vaccination or illness.

Immune disorders.

chronic infections ( bacterial and viral);
helminthiases;
HIV infection;
decreased production of factors immune protection;
massive blood loss cause loss of protective cells and proteins);
stress;
malnutrition;
indigestion and absorption of nutrients;
drug and alcohol use;
severe injuries;
hormonal disorders;
toxins;
malignant tumors;
dysfunction of the bone marrow;
autoimmune diseases.

Any of these conditions can cause impaired immune defenses. Moreover, if a person encounters a source of infection, he may well become infected again.

How many times do you get rubella in your life?

Rubella is one of those infectious diseases, after which a person acquires a stable, lifelong immunity. But this is only after the illness. A person will not be able to get rubella again. Moreover, if a mother in childhood or later had rubella, then her born child will also have innate immunity, which is enough to protect the baby for six to nine months.

If it happens that the diagnosis of "rubella" is made a second time, then it must be confirmed by laboratory. And this may mean that the first time this person had not rubella, but some other disease.

Vaccination immunity is not enough for so long. Now artificial immunity can be acquired through vaccinations, but they should be given at the age of one, then a booster at the age of six, and then another booster (highly desirable) until the age of 25.

To be honest, I'd rather get rubella than get so many shots and still worry about getting rubella during pregnancy.

Rubella again! SOS!

List of messages of the topic “Rubella again! SOS!" Forum Pregnancy > Pregnancy

Pts I wish you that everything works out, the main thing is not to be nervous now, the infection sticks to a weakened body, including experiences.

Try in the future to protect yourself from communicating with any other people's children. This is not the only thing that children from kindergarten.

I do not know why immediately after childbirth it is necessary to do. They also told me that according to the new one, you can’t get pregnant immediately after vaccination - but who is going to?! :))

I answer, it is impossible, if you have been ill, then it is impossible. If you are just vaccinated, then the probability is also oooooooochen small that the virus will harm you. What you need to do - you probably donated blood for rubella antibodies (you definitely did), so you need to retake this analysis IN THE SAME laboratories 2-3 weeks (!) AFTER contact with your nephew.

And compare the results, if the indicators of 2 analyzes are 3-4 times more than 1, then you are sick.

If the same or more than before, but slightly, then everything is in order.

How can you get rubella

Rubella is one of the most well-known and widespread infectious diseases worldwide. The main causative agent of rubella is a highly contagious microorganism. The name of the infection comes from a Latin term meaning "little red". Rubella is usually a benign infectious exanthemal disease. A person who has become the source and carrier of this virus is a potential danger, as a source of infection for other people.

What is rubella

at risk for infection viral infection includes several categories of people. A person can become infected with rubella at any age, but children between one and seven years of age are most susceptible to this disease. In babies up to six months, the risk of being exposed to the disease is minimal, since in the first months of life they are quite reliably protected from the disease by antibodies that they got from their mother during fetal development.

At an older age, the likelihood of infection decreases, but adults may experience some complications that are not characteristic of the childhood course of the disease. The most serious danger of the rubella virus is for pregnant women who have not previously encountered this disease. Infection during childbearing is fraught with the transmission of the virus from mother to fetus, which can lead to severe malformations of its development, the need for termination of pregnancy due to medical indications or the death of a baby.

Rubella refers to infections that mainly affect the skin and lymph nodes. It is caused by a specific type of virus that is a member of the genus Rubivirus, family Togaviridae. How does the disease manifest itself, and how not to get rubella at an older age? Let's look at the main types of transmission of infection. You need to know that almost half of the people infected with this virus are asymptomatic.

The main ways of transmission of the virus

Clinical manifestations and severity of the disease vary with age. For example, infection in young children is characterized by mild constitutional symptoms, rash, and suboccipital adenopathy, while in older children, adolescents, and adults, rubella can cause complications.

There are three main ways to get rubella:

airborne (during a conversation or after a kiss);
transplacental or vertical (intrauterine infection of the fetus from a woman who fell ill while carrying a child);
household or contact (if shared utensils, hygiene items, toys were used).

Most rubella infections today occur in young, unimmunized adults, not children. In fact, experts estimate that 10% of young people are currently affected by rubella, and in the active phase of the disease can be a danger to children with whom they come into contact or to offspring who will subsequently give birth.

If infected with rubella

Many people have the disease without symptoms, which is considered an atypical form of the disease. A common rubella infection, on the other hand, begins with 1-2 days of mild fever and swollen, visible lymph nodes, usually on the back of the neck or behind the ears. The rash then begins on the face and spreads below. The rash appears along with an increase in temperature.

Rubella is accompanied by a characteristic rash, it is also the first sign of the disease that the parent notices. This can be similar to many other viral rashes because uneven patches appear. The body temperature is moderate, accompanied by headache, inflammation, sore throat and damage to the eye organs.

Other symptoms of rubella may include:

headache;
lack of appetite;
conjunctivitis, stuffy or runny nose;
swollen lymph nodes;
pain and swelling in the joints (especially in young girls).

Expectant mothers need to remember that the causative agent Rubella virus is very dangerous, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, when observing such signs, you should immediately contact a specialist.

What does congenital rubella syndrome look like?

Rubella is spread when people breathe in air contaminated with viruses. You can get rubella by airborne droplets, as well as through the bloodstream of a pregnant woman (in this case, the unborn child suffers). If you are pregnant and worried about the health of your unborn baby, then you should visit a doctor and find out in more detail under what circumstances you can get rubella in order to avoid this disease in the future.

Fetal infection occurs transplacentally. Fetal Defects Seen in the Syndrome congenital rubella are likely secondary to vasculitis, resulting in tissue necrosis without inflammation. Another possible mechanism is direct viral damage to infected cells. Studies have shown that cells infected with rubella in the early embryonic period reduce mitotic activity. This may be the result of chromosomal disruption or the formation of a protein that inhibits mitosis. Regardless of the mechanism, any damage to the fetus in the first trimester (during the organogenesis phase) leads to congenital organ defects.

The course of a typical form of infection

Rubivirus infection can occur in two forms. A mild or atypical disease is easily tolerated and practically without symptoms, but a typical (manifest) disease is accompanied by signs that are expressed in varying degrees of severity. Among them, certain ailments can be identified. Rashes on the skin, as a characteristic feature by which a doctor can diagnose rubella and distinguish it from diseases with similar symptoms, are observed against the background of increased body temperature. At the same time, high temperature in adults is quite difficult to correct. As one of the prodromal phenomena that come after infection, patients show lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes).

Before an acute period, a person has a condition similar to SARS or influenza (headache, aching muscles or joints, sore throat, cough, runny nose), as well as signs of conjunctivitis and tearing. Red dots in children and spots (erythema) in adults at the height of the disease can begin to spread from the head area, gradually covering the limbs and the entire body. It is not uncommon for a rash to appear on the mucous membrane of the mouth, but never on the palms and soles. After infection, the duration of the rubella course can be divided into 4 stages:

Incubation period (from 7 to 21 days).
The period of early manifestations of the disease (catarrhal symptoms) lasts from 1 to 3 days. At this time, the symptoms are not yet pronounced and are just beginning to appear. It can be a cough and runny nose, characteristic of SARS, a slight increase in lymph nodes. At this time, rubella is quite difficult to diagnose.
The peak of the disease (the appearance of a red rash, the traces of which do not remain on average 5 days after the onset).
The period of recovery and recovery.

Children usually carry rubella in a mild form. In adults, the course of the disease is aggravated by the manifestations of the above symptoms of varying severity. Among the most serious complications of rubella are such diseases as: encephalitis, meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis, otitis media and male infertility.

The main complication of rubella is its teratogenic effect when observed in sick pregnant women, especially in the first weeks of pregnancy. The virus can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta and can cause serious birth defects.

Fortunately, due to a successful immunization program, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome are rare in the new generation.

Ways to prevent and treat rubella

The best preventive measure against rubella - vaccination. You can be vaccinated at any age if you have not previously encountered the disease and have not been vaccinated. Girls of childbearing age should remember that at least 3 months must pass from the moment of vaccination to the planned conception.

Since after vaccination a person develops a strong immunity to the disease for a period of more than 15 years, it is impossible to get rubella during this period. After the specified period, it is recommended to vaccinate again.

There is no specific treatment for rubella. The patient is assigned medical preparations, the action of which is aimed at eliminating specific symptoms.

Among them are the following:

antiviral, antiallergic, immunostimulating drugs;
nasal drops and sprays;
drugs for sore throat;
vitamin complexes;
antibiotics and antipyretics (in rare cases).
physiotherapy.

Treatment can be carried out at home, under the supervision of the attending physician. The patient should be completely isolated from contact with others for 4 days from the onset of the rash. Thus, despite the mild, in most cases, course of the disease, rubella is quite serious. infectious disease with a wide range of symptoms, in which there is a risk of dangerous complications.

For pregnant women, it is especially important to avoid large crowds of people, not to overcool, eat healthy food, drink a course of vitamins: Elevit Pronatal, Magnesium B6, or others, after consulting with a doctor who monitors the course of pregnancy. Strengthen your immune system and stay healthy!

Rubella: how to avoid the consequences of childhood illness

Remember that only a qualified specialist can make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Sign up for an appointment with the doctor.

Is rubella dangerous or not dangerous? This question worries not only held, but also expectant mothers. In fact, it all depends on the age of the sick person, on the initial state of immunity (especially lymphoid tissue) and status (pregnant women need to be three times more careful than non-pregnant women, especially if there is no adequate protection against infection).

Hello! Please help if anyone has experienced something similar. The child is 2.5 years old. Early in the morning I saw that the child was all hot. I measured the temperature of 38.6. I am now pregnant and therefore decided to go to my parents, since nothing good can be expected from the onset of the disease with a high temperature. And it is dangerous for the unborn child. At best, it's the flu, but maybe anything can be found out only later. Husband bought in a pharmacy sea water and children's nurofen. After that, the temperature dropped to

After prolonged bronchitis, we finally went to kindergarten. From the threshold we were warned - "Chickenpox quarantine, one girl was sprinkled in the group three days ago." Well, chickenpox, so chickenpox, Denis has not been sick yet, even better now than in adulthood. Two days before bed, my baby started scratching. Upon closer examination, I found pimples, I decided - this is it - we didn’t wait long! I immediately decorated it with brilliant green, gave acyclovir, suprastin, put a reminder on the phone - buy poksklin or klamin. No more breakouts in the morning.

Duvushki I'm confused, should I panic? Class M antibodies to toxoplasma - result 0.410 IU/ml range 0-0.600 negative Class G antibodies to toxoplasma - result 64.300 IU/ml range 0-3.000 positive Class M antibodies to cytomegalovirus - result 0.210 range 0-1.000 negative Class G antibodies to cytomegalovirus - result 479.000 range 0- 6.000 positive Antibodies of class M to rubella virus - result 2.50 range 0-1.60 negative Antibodies of class G to.

As we planned. part 2We continued our planning in the office of a geneticist, not a gynecologist. And we received the following recommendations: The spouse was recommended: to pass a general blood and urine test, a sugar test, sonography of organs abdominal cavity and kidneys, sonography of the thyroid gland, ECG and get advice from a therapist.

There are citizens who suddenly have an idea: where are my critical days? And after the due date, healthy twins are born. It happens. But not always. Therefore, it is advisable not to let things take their course and get prepared for pregnancy.

Dear girls, share your experience: I passed tests for torch infections and it turned out that I had never had rubella and had not been vaccinated against it before the protocol! Now I live with constant fear pick it up somewhere (after all, the consequences for a child can be terrible and irreversible) and I shy away from all children (almost all my friends have small (and not so) children) and even adults and I really regret that I didn’t get vaccinated at the time! My fear is reinforced by the fact that the gender.

About vaccinations! Very important.

May 15, 2014 And as a school nurse who noticed too many “inconsistencies” in ordinary vaccination activities for children from 7 to 16 years old (more than 2,500 schoolchildren have passed through me). And as a mother of four children and a "house doctor" for her many nephews, and now for her grandchildren. I'll start with the main one. The immune (protective) system of each person is one of the most complex, multicomponent and subtle systems of our body. It is common knowledge that everyone

About vaccinations! Very important. CREDIT. About vaccinations! Very important. CREDIT. read the whole article under the cut

About vaccinations! Very important. CREDIT. March 16, 22:20 I have been dealing with this topic for more than 20 years. And as a school nurse who noticed too many “inconsistencies” in ordinary vaccination activities for children from 7 to 16 years old (more than 2,500 schoolchildren have passed through me). And as a mother of four children and a "house doctor" for her many nephews, and now for her grandchildren. I'll start with the main one. The immune (protective) system of each person is one of the most complex, multicomponent and subtle systems of our body. It is common knowledge that everyone

PREGNANCY PLANNING1. Is it true that with frequent sex life, spermatozoa do not have time to form, and the likelihood of conception decreases (option - they become inferior, not fast enough, etc.; the idea is that when planning pregnancy, one should refrain from frequent sex in order to give time for a sufficient portion of spermatozoa to mature)? Not true. They succeed. The quality of sperm certainly depends on the time of abstinence, but more on its increase. When planning a pregnancy, you don’t have to abstain at all and adhere to strict rhythms, rules, calendars; you can't do it on a schedule. This is a creative process, this is first and foremost.

ABOUT VACCINATIONS IN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR THINKING PARENTS Author: VV Osit The "gold standard" of every thinking parent should be the law: to consult doctors only when necessary. There is nothing for a healthy child to do in the clinic!”

Original text here Link In my opinion, a very successful educational program, which contains the minimum necessary information about major diseases and vaccinations against them, with a minimum of emotions and empty air shaking. Very useful to know.

About vaccinations! Very important. (article not mine) March 16, 22:20 I have been dealing with this topic for more than 20 years. And as a school nurse who noticed too many “inconsistencies” in ordinary vaccination activities for children from 7 to 16 years old (more than 2,500 schoolchildren have passed through me). And as a mother of four children and a "house doctor" for her many nephews, and now for her grandchildren. I'll start with the main one. The immune (protective) system of each person is one of the most complex, multicomponent and subtle systems of our body. It's common knowledge.

About vaccinations! Very important. CREDIT. About vaccinations! Very important. CREDIT. March 16, 22:20 I have been dealing with this topic for more than 20 years. And as a school nurse who noticed too many “inconsistencies” in ordinary vaccination activities for children from 7 to 16 years old (more than 2,500 schoolchildren have passed through me). And as a mother of four children and a "house doctor" for her many nephews, and now for her grandchildren. I'll start with the main one.

Vaccinations. Food for thought for ALL parents. I have been working on this topic for over 20 years. And as a school nurse who noticed too many “inconsistencies” in ordinary vaccination activities for children from 7 to 16 years old (more than 2,500 schoolchildren have passed through me). And as a mother of four children and a "house doctor" for her many nephews, and now for her grandchildren. I'll start with the main one. The immune (protective) system of each person is one of the most complex, multicomponent and subtle systems of our body. It is common knowledge that every person

SCRIPTED! TO BE I have been dealing with this topic for more than 20 years. And as a school nurse who noticed too many “inconsistencies” in ordinary vaccination activities for children from 7 to 16 years old (more than 2,500 schoolchildren have passed through me). And as a mother of four children and a "house doctor" for her many nephews, and now for her grandchildren. I'll start with the main one. The immune (protective) system of each person is one of the most complex, multicomponent and subtle systems of our body. It is well known that each person reacts differently to.

Vaccinations source http://nikitiny.ru/Privivki A.B. Nikitina 23.02.2012 Vaccinations. Food for thought for ALL parents.

About vaccinations! Very important! I have been working on this topic for over 20 years. And as a school nurse who noticed too many “inconsistencies” in ordinary vaccination activities for children from 7 to 16 years old (more than 2,500 schoolchildren have passed through me). And as a mother of four children and a "house doctor" for her many nephews, and now for her grandchildren. I'll start with the main one. The immune (protective) system of each person is one of the most complex, multicomponent and subtle systems of our body. It is well known that each person reacts differently to.

I copied the article exclusively for myself. I'm not going to discuss. Each parent is responsible for the health of their child. I just drew my conclusions after the vaccinations to my child.

Vaccinations source http://nikitiny.ru/Privivki A.B. Nikitina 23.02.2012 Vaccinations. Food for thought for ALL parents. I have been working on this topic for over 20 years. And as a school nurse who noticed too many “inconsistencies” in ordinary vaccination activities for children from 7 to 16 years old (more than 2,500 schoolchildren have passed through me). And as a mother of four children and a "house doctor" for her many nephews, and now for her grandchildren. I'll start with the main one. The immune (protective) system of each person is one of the most complex, multicomponent and subtle systems.

Galina Petrovna Chervonskaya has been engaged in immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases for many years. Once she took part in the manufacture of a domestic version of the polio vaccine. For twelve years she worked at the State Research Institute for Standardization and Control of Medical Biological Preparations. L.A. Tarasovich at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, where she was involved in quality control of vaccines. Her extensive knowledge in this area enabled her to develop the Infectious Disease Immunoprophylaxis Law with colleagues, which came into force on September 22, 1998. From the standpoint of a scientist, practitioner and human rights activist, I declare quite responsibly: vaccinations are far from always necessary, and.

The immune (protective) system of each person is one of the most complex, multicomponent and subtle systems of our body. It is well known that each person reacts differently to any bacterium or virus; differently, each of us endures a disease, a blood transfusion, an operation ...; the body also recovers after such loads in its own way ... I.e. our immunity has to solve a lot of various tasks - from an "allergic reaction" to ... "bearing a child"! And it happens very individually. The formation of our immunity (which is not a “constant value”) is influenced by many factors, including.

Features of rubella and can it get sick again

Rubella is an acute viral disease common among children, therefore it is considered a childhood disease. Many people wonder if it is possible to get rubella again at an older age. The name of this disease comes from the color of the rash. It is also called German measles. Rubella is not a dangerous, or low-dangerous epidemic disease. The life span of rubella bacteria is 3 weeks. It should be especially feared only during pregnancy, when measles rubella becomes dangerous to the life of the fetus, especially in the first trimester. The risk of miscarriage increases, congenital abnormalities in the born child are possible. There are many cases of congenital deafness, blindness, heart and brain defects.

Until 1881, rubella was considered the same disease as measles and was equated with scarlet fever due to the high similarity of symptoms and course of the disease. She is very contagious and makes herself felt skin rash, there is a sharp increase lymph nodes. This disease is typical for children, the largest percentage of patients is the age category up to 12 years. Depending on the immunity of each child, the rubella virus may enter the body sooner or later.

How rubella spreads

Getting into human body, rubella begins to actively spread through sneezing, saliva and other ways. In the body, the virus develops well, unlike the external environment, where it is very weak. Staying in open space, he dies from high temperature (about 56 ° C). As for low temperatures, this is a favorable environment for the life of this virus. At a temperature of 70 ° below zero, it actively lives and is a dangerous infection up to a temperature of -200 °.

Rubella disease is observed in epidemic waves. Every 10 years, scientists record a new epidemic wave of rubella. It is customary to vaccinate against this disease in two stages: the first at 12 months, the second at 6 years. The causative agent of the disease is a virus that contains RNA, consisting of an external and internal group of antibodies. It decomposes very quickly on contact with organic solvents, ultraviolet rays and chloroactive compounds. Ways of transmission of rubella: airborne and contact with secretions of a person suffering from measles rubella. If we talk about regional propensity, then rubella has no boundaries of its prevalence, it is ill all over the world.

Is it possible to get rubella a second time?

It is enough to have been ill with rubella once in childhood, after which you can not worry about the possible return of this disease.

Having been ill, the body develops a very strong immunity to the disease, and the risk of re-infection is minimal.

There are very few situations of recurring rubella infections in the world. The main symptom is the appearance of a rash. First on the legs and arms, soon on the face, it spreads very quickly throughout the body. Rubella is often confused with scarlet fever, because the latter has exactly the same rash as rubella. The most common rubella is among young children, usually in kindergartens and nurseries. Today, children began to go to kindergartens less, so rubella among children of this age began to occur less. That is why many of today's teenagers tend to become infected with this disease, since the body has not developed immunity against it.

It is better to have rubella in childhood than in adulthood. When women who do not have immunity give birth to children, it is very risky, because in the first month of pregnancy, the fetus is most vulnerable. Therefore, at this time, mothers who have not had rubella should be extremely careful and get vaccinated 1-2 months before planning a pregnancy. It will not harm either the mother or the child.

It is worth noting that it is still possible to get rubella again, doctors even recorded cases of subsequent rubella disease when the body already had immunity. But the chance of getting sick a second time with this virus is negligible.

Different manifestations and severity of the disease

Body temperature does not always rise, and if so, it lasts only 3-5 days. Later, the patient may forget about weakness and illness, and usually recovers. However, when the patient feels better, he still runs the risk of infecting other people, since he is a carrier for up to 3 weeks. It happens that during pregnancy, a mother infects her baby, then he becomes a carrier of the virus for several months (from 3 months to one year).

Rubella is characterized by a prodromal period that occurs before the appearance of the first spots, rash, and so on. Usually, during the day, the lymph nodes slightly increase, the body temperature rises, severe headaches appear and, in some cases, a sore throat and a runny nose. In such cases, the patient needs to stay at home, observe strict bed rest, not only to accumulate strength, but also to isolate the patient in order to avoid infecting people around him. The greatest danger of infecting another person lasts the first week, so at this time it is better not to leave the house.

Almost always, rubella does not require special treatment, however, it is recommended to take drugs that completely exclude possible complications. Also, you should not give up paracetamol, because a constant headache that lasts 5-7 days causes unpleasant discomfort.

Complications are very rare. More often during pregnancy, especially in the first and second month. Having become infected with rubella in the womb, a child can be born with congenital rubella, which is prone to cataracts, pathologies of individual hearing organs and heart defects. Other infections and viruses can also make rubella treatment worse.

Women and teenage girls can get a specific, rare complication from rubella called joint damage. The factor causing this complication is the age of the patient. A younger organism fights this type of complication better than an old one. It manifests itself in the form of swollen joints, pain in different places and severe redness. The most vulnerable place is the joints of the phalanges and elbows.

The rarest complication is the defeat of the entire nervous system. Doctors reassure that the probability of hitting the nervous system while suffering from rubella is minimal. In the event of complications associated with the nervous system, diseases such as meningitis, encephalitis and others may appear.

Prevention and vaccination

Vaccination is intended to build resistance to rubella viruses and bacteria.

In addition, it significantly reduces the percentage of congenital rubella by hundreds of times.

Therefore, vaccinating pregnant women will reduce the likelihood of both mother and fetus getting rubella.

Vaccination is given either intramuscularly or subcutaneously to all people, regardless of whether the person had rubella.

Prevention allows you to avoid the disease not only rubella, but also measles.

Since the vaccine contains part of a weakened but live rubella virus, it is highly recommended not to inject it for pregnant women.

Vaccination tolerance

You should not be afraid of vaccination, as there are very few side effects. The reaction of the body is calm, without obvious deterioration in well-being. Of course, the injection is not painless, and the injection site may turn red, but not for long. Short-term ailments and an increase in body temperature are possible. Minor side effects include swollen lymph nodes. Most patients (95-97% of all vaccinated) do not notice any allergic reactions or side effects at all. If the vaccinated in the first three days from the moment of vaccination did not have any changes in well-being, then they are unlikely to appear in the future.

Rare side effects from vaccination include: joint pain, rashes on body parts, swollen behind-the-ear, cervical lymph nodes, which always go away 2-3 weeks after vaccination. This is due to the fact that the vaccine infects the body with a weak rubella virus in order for it to develop immunity.

rubella re-

Questions and answers on: rubella re

Class G antibodies are "late" antibodies that can indicate both past exposure to rubella (including asymptomatic form and vaccination), and primary exposure to the virus that took place 4 or more weeks ago.

The data you provided (without the reference norms of the laboratory and both results with the dates of the analysis) is not possible to say anything more accurate.

Consult with your doctor, show him both results. Might need additional tests to rule out the possibility of a primary infection.

Unfortunately, if it is confirmed that you contracted rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy (regardless of its clinical manifestations), you will be offered to terminate the pregnancy for medical reasons. The fact is that when infected with rubella in the first trimester, more than 90% of fetuses develop gross malformations, often incompatible with life. Don't delay your visit to the doctor.

CMV igM - 0.3 (negative) ref values 0.0-0.7

CMV igG - 0.15 (negative) ref values 0.0-0.5

Rubella igM - 0.34 (negative) ref values 0.0-0.8

Rubella igG(positive) ref values 0.0-10

Toxoplasmosis igM - 0.31 (negative) ref values 0.0-0.8

Toxoplasmosis igG - >650 (positive) ref values 0.0-1

Herpes 1/2 igM - negative

Toxoplasmosis igG - 1.9 (positive) ref values 0.0-0.9

Herpes 1/2 lgG (designation lgG to herpes simplex virus type 1/2): k.p. = 17.2 positive. (Normal k.p. 1.1 antibodies detected), IgG 22.6 (>1.1 antibodies detected), Rubella IgM 1.4 (1.2-1.6 repeat the analysis every 2 weeks), IgG 11.1 (>10 antibodies detected). After that, the doctor prescribed Valtex tablets for herpes for 21 days and re-tested only for herpes and rubella IgM. 01/18/2015 I re-passed the tests. Results of herpes type 1.2: IgM 1.65 (>1.1 antibodies detected), Rubella IgM 1.9 (>1.6 antibodies detected). The gynecologist, after looking at the tests, did not know what to say. He said to go to the infectious disease specialist, because. encounters this for the first time. I ask for your help. Can I get pregnant or not? I have no signs of the disease and symptoms, like rubella and herpes. Thanks in advance!

Is it possible to get rubella again?

The article "IS IT POSSIBLE NOT TO VACCINE?" G.P. Chervonskaya

Thanks for the article. We don’t vaccinate from birth, we don’t get sick, we temper ourselves, for breastfeeding, everything is fine. One thing is strange, why are the vaccinators so embittered? And the Virologist is ready to offend the mothers of the “mothers”.

we have been refused from birth. Thank you for the article. Whoever needs it will come in handy ... Everyone has their own head on their shoulders!

here she will do you atata for which you distribute her troubles for free

Are the diseases that are being vaccinated so dangerous? Ardent vaccinators, please do not disturb

The article is very interesting and in many respects converges with my thoughts. I myself was ill with rubella and measles, and whooping cough, and chickenpox (like 2 times even). And as I understand it, they didn’t vaccinate me against tuberculosis (at least I don’t have a scar on my hands), the fact is that I don’t know if I was vaccinated at all in childhood (my mother died early, there is no one to ask).

But judging by the fact that I was born back in the USSR, most likely they staged it, then they didn’t make any sense. In turn, I tend to not vaccinate my child in principle, because all the diseases from which they are now trying to instill are relics of the past and they don’t get sick en masse now, but in my opinion, any child in childhood gets sick like chickenpox and rubella. So what's the point of getting vaccinated if you get sick anyway. The only questions are: my husband's mother was ill with tuberculosis (she was cured and no one else in the family fell ill) - is it necessary to vaccinate in this case? The husband himself was ill with hepatitis A, again, is it worth vaccinating against hepatitis or not?

Good article. And when I made a decision about vaccinations, I went to the website of Rospotrebnadzor to read the official statistics of diseases. I was convinced that vaccinations do not save from the disease, as is commonly believed, and decided not to. Most of all, I was struck by the whooping cough statistics, I don’t remember the exact numbers, I’ll write approximate ones. For some year (2015 or 2016), 7800 cases of whooping cough were recorded, of which 7400 (.) in children under 18 years of age. Why so many children? Is it the vaccine's fault?

But in fact, here you write that you are for common sense, I will say this. I refused vaccinations for reasons of my intuition, perhaps this is a maternal instinct, BUT ... When I thought about what my healthy child some immunobiological preparations will be injected into the blood, and some complication will happen to him, my heart simply sank with horror, and there was a lump of pain in my throat. And I couldn't overcome this fear.

I do not vaccinate my child, except for two inactivated polios. I think about the diseases that are mentioned in the article in the course, like many other antiprinciples, but after weighing all the pros and cons, I made conclusions for myself. I don't go to others. What do I advise you

Give me a magnifying glass. Brand not visible

Komarovsky. Description of almost all childhood diseases. Viral and bacterial. Especially to reflection opponents of vaccinations.

Double 2? Well, all the same - you need a magnifying glass to consider this brand

measles and rubella vaccine! when is the best time to do it!

did. priorix at that time in the city is not found. and made it normal. endured well. in general, as if they did not.

We do all vaccinations. because not only is there still measles, but whooping cough is also not such a rare disease ...

we did it in a year and 3 months. there was a rather severe rash behind the ears and on the pope for 2 days. maybe from a vaccine, or maybe they ate a cure

Windmill surrounds. Don't forget to get vaccinated against rubella and chicken pox.

I've had chickenpox twice, in childhood in a mild form and recently in a severe one. But rubella is in doubt, I want to go and take it for antibodies, but unfortunately I don’t have the opportunity to get this vaccine, because. you can’t plan after that for some time (somewhere they even write that it’s 6 months), and after treatment they told me that if I don’t get pregnant within 6 months, then only IVF (I have endometriosis) I’m very afraid of rubella, but of course you need to first pass the test and then be afraid

I had rubella in childhood, but I didn’t have chickenpox, last year while my eldest daughter was on sick leave, someone got sick in their garden, we were offered to another group, but I didn’t take risks (I didn’t mind my daughter getting sick) against), she was afraid that she would infect the little one, she was only three months old, the pediatrician said that if I didn’t get sick, I wouldn’t be able to pass immunoglobulins to her through milk, and it’s not known how she will transfer it. My husband didn't get sick either.

we got sick too! but brought from the kindergarten! even doctors say that now there is an epidemic of chickenpox! My daughter had a very easy time! little kids can easily carry it! but she did not bypass our dad! but she didn't get sick! very hard going! Already the poor 4th day suffers! a lot of rashes, even if you just pour brilliant green on the body and rub it! the temperature does not drop! keeps the opposite 37.3-37.5.

I'm afraid I'll get sick too! The risk is huge!

ABC of vaccinations

I am also for vaccinations. God forbid a child gets sick with one of the infections and without vaccination, there will be no consequences later ... Treatment alone will cost chegr, antibiotics, medicine and the duration of their use will have even more consequences than from vaccination. Of course, it's different for everyone, but it's better to be safe.

I have always been for vaccinations, the eldest did everything on time. But the youngest was done several times, we could not get over these vaccinations for 4 months. I won't do it for 3 years now. They didn't do it for me until I was 3. Live healthy.

Vaccinations - "for" and "against"

girls, you can use it!

“I, AS AN IMMUNOLOGIST, AS AN ALLERGIST, I SAY TO YOU - DO NOT VACCINE” Marina TargakovaThe environment has become worse many times over, people's immunity has decreased many times due to improper nutrition entirely consisting of chemicals, preservatives, dyes and flavors. Seriously undermined the immune system and the craze for pills. Human health 130 years ago and now there is even nothing to compare. It gets worse and worse with every generation. And if earlier the body coped with the vaccination, now this vaccination for a weakened organism, and even more so for a child, is nothing more than a deliberate infection. With which, if the body can cope, but only through the final destruction of its immune system. Which in the future will lead to irreparable consequences and incurable diseases. This applies to all other vaccines as well. one. month old baby, weighing 5 kg, receives the same dose of vaccine as a five-year-old weighing 18 kg. Newborns with immature, not yet developed immune systems receive 5 times large dose(relative to body weight) than older children. 2. International studies show that vaccinations are one of the causes of SIDS - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. 3. Almost always, childhood infectious diseases are benign and go away on their own. In addition, they lead to the development of lifelong immunity, while vaccination immunity is only temporary, so there is a re-vaccination. 4. Lifelong immunity is then transmitted from the mother through the placenta to her unborn child, vaccination immunity is not transmitted through the placenta. 5. There are no scientific studies to determine whether vaccines actually prevent disease. Rather, the incidence graphs show that vaccinations were administered at the end of the epidemic period, when the disease was already in the last stage. 6. There are no long-term vaccine safety studies. Only short-term tests are carried out, where vaccinated subjects are compared with a group that has been injected with another vaccine. In fact, you need to compare with a group of unvaccinated. 7. Independent private studies (Dutch and German) found that vaccinated children get sick much more than their unvaccinated peers. If you stop vaccinating children, their health improves markedly. 8. The child receives not one, but many vaccinations. There are no tests to determine the effect of combined vaccines. 9. The pioneers of vaccination, who recommended that great care be taken before vaccinating the population, never advocated mass vaccination. 10. Children are vaccinated simply because their parents are being bullied. Immunization of children is the most profitable business, both for manufacturers of vaccines and for doctors. 11. Children who are only on breast milk, introduce powerful vaccine toxins, which is contrary to any logic and science. 12. Vaccines contain heavy metals (mercury, aluminum), carcinogens, pesticides, live and genetically modified viruses, serum containing animal viruses and foreign genetic material, extremely toxic decontaminants and excipients, untested antibiotics, none of which can be administered without causing harm to the body.

Let's take the same diphtheria, which has not disappeared anywhere, it's just biding its time. If the child fell ill with diphtheria, and in 3 days they did not manage to distinguish it from a sore throat (diphtheria at the initial stage is similar to an acute respiratory infection and a sore throat with a red throat), a film forms in the throat that blocks access to air (the throat overgrows like a horror movie) and the child dies from suffocation.

Option two, the child was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of diphtheria, but the treatment is a little late, but the film has already been removed, and so the diphtheria bacillus (and there are thousands of them dangling in the blood) produces a strong poison, which affects both the kidneys and the heart, etc. .

all preservatives in vaccines are nothing compared to what happens in your child's body when he gets sick with a virus or infection. Because preservatives contain a minimal amount of "poison" and viruses and infections always attack with a full arsenal of ammunition.

For such “panic-forming” mothers, I advise you to read the textbook of epidemiology: how this or that infection proceeds, complications, as well as historical background - how many children died from infections and their complications before everyone began to be massively vaccinated.

Personally, I believe that mothers who are against vaccinations (unless, of course, there are direct and specific contraindications) must first be educated, then taken to the infectious diseases departments and shown what their child expects, well, if this does not help, then they should be prosecuted, because she risks not only the health of her child, but also the health of other children who simply have not yet had time to be vaccinated - for example, babies only after childbirth. Infection and viruses fly through the air and are just waiting for an opportunity to land on an unprotected organism.

As for mercury and aluminum: for the sake of a joke, I went to “anti-vaccination sites”, everywhere they shout the same thing: guard, the vaccine contains mercury and aluminum, BUT!

No one specifies in what ratio! Why does no one wonder how such vaccines pass WHO control?! Why don't dozens of children wither and die from such terrible words: MERCURY and ALUMINUM?!

Yes, all because one shouted the guard and everyone behind her in chorus, without even delving into the details. And the fact that vaccinations are first tested on mice, then on rabbits, then on oneself, is of no interest to anyone. The main thing is to shout the fire guard, they still shout - and I will scream.

… At the same time, it is shown that severe acute neurological diseases more common in children of the 1st year of life (frequency - 10.5 cases per 1 million doses of DPT).… http://www.iacmac.ru/books/immun/imm17.shtml

So think about it, 10 cases per 1 million doses!

There and further, cases of complications for vaccinations in different countries, as well as a reservation that in most cases a direct relationship between vaccination and complications has not been proven or identified, that is, the prerequisites for certain violations were already there before the introduction of vaccines.

If you are so afraid for the child, make sure that he does not have acute respiratory infections, because the vaccine cannot be given to everyone in a row, and not earlier than a month after acute respiratory infections, other diseases (transferred by children) also have adaptation periods before vaccination.

Go to a neuropathologist and make sure that the child does not have this moment problems with brain activity, for safety reasons, an ultrasound of the brain and an encephalogram can be done so that the introduction of virus-containing vaccines does not provoke any circuit in the nervous system.

In the end, contact the epidemiological service at the place of residence and specify which vaccines they have passed control. and which ones are not, and before vaccination, check at the clinic (at school, in the garden) that they want to introduce the child and write a statement that you are forbidden to enter anything without your knowledge

Rubella is known to everyone as a childhood illness, but you can get sick even in adulthood. In adults, the pathology is much more severe and often accompanied by complications. Rubella infection is especially dangerous during pregnancy. The incubation period lasts about 3 weeks. The virus manages to penetrate the body during this time and provoke sharp deterioration well-being.

general information

Rubella is a disease of viral etiology, which in 1881 was isolated as a separate nosological group. Its causative agent is considered to be an RNA genomic infectious agent from the togavirus family. It has teratogenic activity, that is, it can disrupt the full process of embryo development. The virus tolerates freezing well and remains aggressive at room temperature. However, exposure to ultraviolet light, heat or the use of disinfectants lead to its death.

The pathological process is manifested by a small-spotted rash and can be diagnosed only by specific signs. However, the primary importance is given to the analysis of rubella. Specific antibodies begin to be actively synthesized in the body 4 weeks after infection. This indicates the formation of persistent immunity, which weakens after 20 years.

Transmission routes

The source of infection is usually a sick person. The infectious agent begins to be released into the external environment a week before the appearance of rashes on the skin and for 5-6 days from the onset of pustules. From an epidemiological point of view, children with congenital rubella are recognized as the most dangerous. In this case, the pathogen is excreted into the environment along with faeces or urine.

There are several routes of infection transmission:

airborne;
transplacental;
contact-household.

Women of reproductive age are especially susceptible to the rubella virus. Before the start of mass preventive vaccination, cases of the disease were recorded almost everywhere. Currently, among all outbreaks of the disease, approximately 83% are recorded in the post-Soviet countries. This trend is due to the lack of an immunization program for the population.

rubella incubation period

Incubation is the period from the moment the virus enters the body until the first clinical manifestations of infection appear. In the case of rubella, it is 10-24 days. During this time period, the infectious agent manages to penetrate through the mucous membrane of the throat and enter the bloodstream, where its active reproduction begins.

Exactly at incubation period rubella in children visiting gardens, a healthy child is infected from a sick child. At that time specific features diseases are not yet present. About a week before the onset of rashes on the skin, the patient becomes contagious to others.

Symptoms of the disease in children

Rubella is quite easy in childhood. Photos of babies prove that even with this disease, they can play and do ordinary things. At the initial stage of development pathological process the child may refuse to eat, be naughty and constantly wake up at night. This is due to the fact that the virus releases substances that are toxic to the central nervous system.

As it progresses, symptoms appear that resemble a cold: dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, slight fever. Literally in 2-3 days the situation can change dramatically. A small-spotted rash without itching appears all over the child's body. Pink spots do not rise above the surface of the skin. A favorite place for their localization is the flexion surface of the legs and arms, the groin and buttocks. The clinical picture is often supplemented by an increase in the occipital lymph nodes.

With this disease, the blood picture also changes. AT general analysis there is a persistent increase in lymphocytes against the background of a decrease in leukocytes. ESR at the same time remains within the normal range. A four-fold increase in specific antibodies to rubella indicates an initial or acute period of the course.

Features of the pathological process in adults

In adulthood, the symptoms of the disease are more pronounced. As a rule, the body reacts very violently to the penetration of the virus. If a child calmly tolerates rubella "on his feet", then an adult needs it for a week.

Among the main complaints with which patients go to the doctor, one can distinguish an increase in temperature up to 39 degrees, pain in the joints and increasing weakness. initial stage rubella is often accompanied by an increase in the size of the spleen and liver, which is detected by palpation. Auscultation of the heart often reveals muffled tones.

There is photophobia and lacrimation. The characteristic rubella spots tend to merge together. At the same time, papules have no clear boundaries. Usually they appear on large areas - in the back and buttocks. If left untreated, the disease threatens to damage the joints of the hands and even encephalitis.

congenital rubella syndrome

For pregnant women, this disease is very dangerous. The virus is distinguished by its ability to overcome and can cause malformations in the fetus. The situation is especially dangerous when it comes to infection in the first trimester.

The primary target is the CNS. The second place belongs to the organs of sight and hearing, and the third to the heart. A child with congenital rubella syndrome is often diagnosed with diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and even autism. However, it is a carrier of infection and can be potentially contagious for 1-2 years.

At later stages of pregnancy (from about 13 weeks), the likelihood of birth defects is much lower, but still exists. Another unpleasant consequence of the disease is stillbirth. For example, every third pregnant woman during the incubation period of rubella has a spontaneous miscarriage. One woman out of 10 has a dead baby.

Diagnostic methods

Identification of the disease in children is usually not accompanied by difficulties. It is enough for an experienced doctor to examine a small patient, to study the clinical picture and his anamnesis. After that, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

To diagnose the disease in adults, including pregnant women, a more serious examination will be required. It includes the following activities:

Serological analysis. A diagnostic test for immunoglobulins M and G can tell a lot. For example, an increase in these titers indicates the development of a pathological process. IgM is checked approximately 10-12 days after infection. When the titer increases by 4 times or more, rubella is diagnosed. For preventive purposes, such an analysis is prescribed for pregnant women and those who have been in contact with sick people. When IgG is detected immediately, antibodies to the virus are present in the body. IgG persist for life.
Virological research. Allows you to detect the presence of an infectious agent in the body. The analysis is informative only until the appearance of initial rashes. Not only blood, but also nasal discharge and amniotic fluid are suitable as test material.
PCR method. The rubella genome can be identified by polymerase chain reaction.

To exclude other pathologies with a similar clinical picture, a comparative diagnosis is carried out. The infection is differentiated from measles, scarlet fever, mononucleosis and allergies.

Features of therapy

With rubella, inpatient treatment is not required. Hospitalization is subject to patients with a severe form of the disease, in the presence of concomitant pathologies or suspicions of complications. Specific therapy is also not carried out.

The medical complex includes compliance special diet with a predominance of protein foods in the diet. It is better to choose lean meats. Food should be fractional and small portions. It is mandatory to monitor the drinking regime and consume about 2 liters of ordinary water per day.

Symptomatic therapy includes taking antipyretics (Paracetamol, Nurofen) and antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil). With the development of complications resort to the help of antibacterial drugs. They are prescribed on an individual basis and always taking into account the condition of the patient.

Consequences for the body

Rubella rarely causes complications, especially in young patients. If the immune system is weak, after the infection, inflammatory processes occur in the knee-elbow and phalangeal joints. Prodromal signs may contribute to the development of pneumonia, otitis or tonsillitis.

Regardless of the stage of rubella and the timeliness of contacting a doctor, complications almost always occur in pregnant women. They do not affect themselves future mother and the baby inside the womb. It can be mental and physical anomalies, miscarriage or fading of pregnancy.

Ways to prevent the disease

Rubella prevention means timely vaccination. This infectious disease is easy to prevent. In medical practice today, various vaccines are used, including imported ones. The vaccine is given to young children from 15 to 18 months of age. Then it is repeated in puberty. Immunity after the administration of the drug persists for 20 years.

Vaccination is contraindicated for pregnant women. It is also not recommended to plan conception within three months after vaccination. At this time, there is an increased likelihood of infection of the fetus.

If you don’t know what rubella patients look like, the photos from this article will help you figure it out. When rashes appear, the patient should be immediately shown to the doctor, and then be sure to isolate him until complete recovery. In the room where the infected person is located, it is necessary to constantly carry out wet cleaning and ventilate the room.

If you have not been vaccinated against rubella, then you can get this disease only once in your life.

Immune cells recognize the disease and destroy these microbes. After that, this kind of microbes is stored in memory immune cells and they do not allow re-infection.

Rubella refers to those infectious diseases, after which a person acquires a stable, lifelong immunity. But this is only after the illness. A person will not be able to get rubella again. Moreover, if a mother in childhood or later had rubella, then her born child will also have innate immunity, which is enough to protect the baby for six to nine months.

If it happens that the diagnosis is rubella put a second time, then it must be confirmed by laboratory. And this may mean that the first time this person had not rubella, but some other disease.

To be honest, I'd rather get rubella than get so many shots and still worry about getting rubella during pregnancy.

Once in a lifetime, people get rubella, for example, I had a rash all over my body at the age of 18, and they immediately began to think chickenpox, measles or rubella, since I had rubella and measles as a child, the answer was obvious, I have chickenpox. The doctors confirmed our self-diagnosis. Because all these diseases are similar in symptoms (rashes), but are transferred once in a lifetime. And it is better to get sick with these diseases in early age, because then it is harder to be tolerated by a person. I lay with chickenpox for almost three weeks, and the temperature was spitting, and they put me in the hospital in an infectious diseases room in a separate ward.

Rubella gets sick only once in a lifetime and it does not happen again, because after the first time a person develops immunity to this disease.

But if someone from the family got sick with rubella, this does not mean that other family members are completely protected, and for this all preventive measures must be taken.

Ventilate the room, breathe more fresh air, play sports, strengthen the immune system and follow all the recommendations of your doctor.

Rubella, like chickenpox, cannot be ill twice, and if you have already had this contagious disease once, then the second time it definitely does not threaten you.

Although, if you're lucky, you might never get sick.

It is especially dangerous for a pregnant woman to get rubella, as it can provoke a failure in the normal development of the baby.

Rubella is ill once in a lifetime and then a person cannot become infected, because he has developed immunity to this infection, it is easier to tolerate in childhood, and in adulthood it is very difficult, we have one parent, even with a huge temperature, ended up in the hospital and lay under a drip.

A person usually gets rubella more than once in a lifetime

In the future, the body successfully fights rubella.

To get sick a second time - you will have to try very hard

However, remember - you should not communicate closely with a person who has rubella.

Let him recover and only then you will continue your communication with him.

And yes - than earlier man rubella will be ill, the better

No, you can't get rubella a second time. It is better to get rubella in childhood and then a strong immunity against rubella is developed, which protects a person from re-infection. Now very popular vaccinations against rubella, after which immunity to this virus is developed.

Rubella, like measles, mumps, smallpox, and a number of others gives strong immunity. Therefore, k. happens only once in a lifetime.

Rubella can be ill only once in a lifetime. This is an infectious disease that most people get sick in childhood. Moreover, the younger the patient, the easier the disease is tolerated. At the same time, a strong immunity is developed, which is enough for a lifetime. Those who did not get sick in childhood, there is a high probability of not avoiding this in the future. And the older the person, the higher the risk of complications. Especially a trace to take care of pregnant women. They are recommended to terminate the pregnancy, since the effect of rubella on the fetus is fraught with irreversible consequences.

The third disease was named so. The third because in the list of diseases, which in the classification of doctors was necessarily accompanied by a rash, was the third in a row. This is mainly a childhood disease, and strong immunity is developed to it. It is not dangerous for a person in itself, but the disease of a pregnant woman in the first half of pregnancy is unacceptable. In this case, the fetus can be affected. Moreover, the risk is very high 5050. And abortion in this case is justified The fact is that this disease causes severe fetal pathologies: blindness, deafness and damage to the cardiovascular system, less often mental retardation, encephalitis.

it rare disease now thanks to vaccination. WHO has already registered rubella-free zones. rubella.

Rubella is an acute infectious anthroponotic pathology characterized by symptoms of general intoxication, fever, the appearance of small-spotted rashes and polyadenopathies. Rubella is one of the classic childhood infections transmitted by airborne droplets. In adults, the disease is much less common than in children, while the course of rubella in adults can vary from erased or asymptomatic to severe, accompanied by the development of complications.

This infection carries the greatest danger for pregnant women, as it can cause the development of severe fetal pathologies. Congenital rubella in children is manifested by the development of multiple congenital malformations. Such children have birth defects heart, CNS damage, eyes, skeleton, etc.

The causative agent of rubella is the rubella virion (virus), characterized by a spherical shape and sizes from 60 to 70 nm in diameter.

The virus is highly sensitive to high temperatures and various chemical agents. It is instantly inactivated when treated with chloroform, ether and formalin preparations. At a temperature of 100 degrees, the virus is destroyed within two minutes.

When exposed to ultraviolet light, the virus is destroyed within thirty seconds. The resistance of the virus is significantly increased when it enters media containing proteins. Low temperatures negative impact rubella virus is not affected.

How rubella is transmitted

You can get infected from patients with rubella in active, erased, asymptomatic and atypical forms, as well as from virus carriers. The rubella virus is found in the mucus of the URT (upper respiratory tract) for 10-14 days before the onset of the rash, and also for 21 days after.

Rubella transmission routes:

airborne (main);
in utero (congenital forms of rubella);
parenterally and by household contact (practically do not occur and have no practical value).

Susceptibility to the rubella virus is high. Natural immunity can be observed in children up to six months of age, provided that the mother has immunity to rubella and the child is breastfed. In this case, maternal antibodies to the rubella virus circulate in sufficient quantities in his body.

The highest level of susceptibility to the virus is observed in children from one to nine years old. This is due to the fact that after the first vaccination, a strong immunity to rubella is not developed, so the child may get sick. However, rubella will be mild, mild, or asymptomatic.

How many times do you get rubella in your life?

After the transferred infection, a stable, lifelong immunity is formed. Recurrent rubella is very rare. In isolated cases, it is possible to form a chronic infectious process, accompanied by damage to the nervous system (rubella panencephalitis in congenital rubella).

The pathogenesis of the development of the disease

Severe viremia occurs already during the incubation period, so the patient is contagious even before the appearance of bright clinical symptoms.

The virus enters the body through the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract (URT). With the development of viremia, the rubella virion penetrates into the lymph nodes and skin. With rubella, the occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes are predominantly affected, but generalized polyadenopathy can also develop.

Skin lesions are manifested by the appearance of a specific small-spotted papular rash.

Photo: what rubella looks like in children

Against the background of viremia, the active production of interferons by the patient's body is launched and cellular and humoral immunity, and completely stops the circulation of viruses in the blood. This process can be significantly delayed in women who are carrying a child, as well as in babies with congenital rubella syndrome. In this category of patients, prolonged circulation of the virus in the blood can be observed.

Infection of the fetus occurs through the blood vessels of the placenta. Getting into the bloodstream of the fetus, the rubella virion affects those organs and tissues that are in the so-called critical period development (CDP).

CRC for the fetal brain occurs from the third to the eleventh week of pregnancy, for the eyes and CCC - from the fourth to the seventh week, for the hearing organs - from the seventh to the twelfth week.

The highest risk of severe damage to the fetus occurs during infection in the first month of pregnancy.

The formed fetus is relatively resistant to the rubella virion, therefore, if infected in the last months of pregnancy, premature birth and infection of the fetus are possible, leading to the development of a rash and reversible damage to bone tissue, liver, etc.

It should be noted that the maximum danger for pregnant women is erased and atypical forms of rubella, which occur without the development of a rash. In this case, a woman can carry rubella without knowing it.

Due to the special danger of this disease for pregnant women, when planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to be tested for antibodies to the rubella virus and, if necessary, be vaccinated.

rubella classification

Rubella is divided into congenital and acquired. It is customary to classify acquired by type, severity and course (presence of complications).

rubella classification

The severity of acquired rubella:

Rubella symptoms in children

Most often, rubella occurs in children from one year to 9 years. In children under one year old, rubella is extremely rare, but it is mild and its symptoms do not differ from the manifestations of the disease in older children.

The incubation period for rubella is eleven to twenty-one days (sometimes eighteen to twenty-three days). The first signs of rubella in children are nonspecific.

The prodromal period is characterized by the appearance of mild general intoxication and catarrhal manifestations (, catarrhal). There is also an increase in lymph nodes (posterior cervical and occipital lymph nodes are affected).

The intoxication syndrome is mild, the temperature rises to subfebrile figures or is within the normal range. Perhaps the appearance of nausea, weakness, pain in the joints. There may be a runny nose and an infrequent dry cough. In the pharynx, unexpressed hyperemia, enanthema may be noted on the mucous membranes of the soft palate.

On the third or fourth day of the disease, a period of rashes begins. Rubella exanthema can be described as a small-spotted, pale pink rash, localized mainly on the skin of the face, trunk, buttocks, and extensor surfaces of the extremities. There is no rash on the palms and soles. Rubella rash in children is profuse, but not confluent. All elements have clear contours and smooth outlines.

The rash does not itch and develops on intact skin (without hyperemia, swelling, etc.). Rashes occur chaotically, without a clear phasing, as with measles.

By the fourth day from the onset of the rashes, they disappear without a trace, without the development of peeling and leaving no sores or foci of hyperpigmentation behind.

Symptoms and treatment of rubella in adults

Adults rarely get rubella. At the same time, the disease can proceed both in an erased form, with the appearance of only catarrhal symptoms, single rashes and swollen lymph nodes, and with the development of arthritis or severe rubella encephalitis and thrombocytopenic purpura.

Symptoms of rubella in adults: photo

In the classic course of rubella, symptoms in adults do not differ from those in children. The development of encephalitis is accompanied by the appearance of specific neurological symptoms.

Why is rubella dangerous for boys and girls?

In most cases, rubella has a benign course. Complications in children are extremely rare. It is possible to develop benign inflammation of the joints (with rubella polyarthritis, small and medium-sized joints are usually affected), as well as thrombocytopenic purpura.

In rare cases, (usually with rubella in adults), rubella encephalitis may develop, accompanied by the appearance of:

generalized seizures;
disturbances of consciousness;
meningeal symptoms;
paresis of the limbs;
damage to the cranial nerves;
the development of specific cerebellar, diencephalic and bulbar symptoms;
dysfunction of the pelvic organs;
involuntary urination and defecation.

A combination of symptoms of encephalitis and thrombocytopenic purpura is also possible. Rubella encephalitis is the only cause deaths with rubella.

The development of thrombocytopenic purpura is accompanied by the appearance of skin hemorrhagic syndrome, hemorrhages in the mucous membranes (as a rule, the mucous membranes of the palate and tonsils are affected) and bleeding. Skin hemorrhages in thrombocytopenic purpura are polychromic ( different color spots, which can vary from yellow-green to dark purple), polymorphism (from small petichial lesions to massive hemorrhages) and asymmetry.

The main danger of rubella is for unvaccinated or rubella-free pregnant women. This disease can cause spontaneous abortion, intrauterine death of the fetus, or irreversible damage to its organs and tissues.

Congenital rubella (RR) is characterized by the formation of:

heart defects (unclosed ductus arteriosus, stenosis of the LA (pulmonary trunk), defects in the MF and MP (interventricular and interatrial septum);
eye lesions (pearl nuclear cataracts, microophthalmia, congenital glaucoma, various retinopathy);
neurological defects;
partial or complete deafness.

Also, congenital rubella in children may be accompanied by low birth weight, hepatolienal syndrome, the development of profuse hemorrhagic rashes, hemolytic anemia, meningitis and meningeal symptoms, bone tissue damage. Unlike the above, these changes are reversible.

In some cases, with VC syndrome, in the second 10 years of life, progressive lesions of the nervous system may develop, similar to rubella panencephalitis. In such patients, there is a gradual decrease in intelligence, muscle weakness, coordination disorders, epileptic seizures. In severe cases of rubella panencephalitis, death is possible.

Are measles and rubella the same thing or not?

Measles and rubella are different diseases. The term rubella in children was used in the nineteenth century, until the two diseases were separated into different nosological units. At the moment this diagnosis does not apply and is considered obsolete.

Rubella code according to the ICD classification 10-B06.

Like rubella, measles is a classic childhood infection with a high level of contagiousness and airborne transmission. The disease proceeds with the development of catarrhal inflammation of the eyes and respiratory tract, as well as with the appearance of a specific rash.

Unlike the rubella rash, measles rashes develop strictly in stages. The first elements appear behind the ears, then the rash spreads to the face, neck and upper body. On the second day, the rash covers the skin of the chest, back and upper limbs. By the third day of the rash, it spreads to lower limbs and buttocks.

The disappearance of the elements of the rash occurs in the same sequence as their appearance.

How is chickenpox different from rubella

In varicella, the elements differ in specific false polymorphism. Due to the fact that the pouring occurs in a jerky manner, the patient may simultaneously experience vesicles, crusts, and sores.

Chickenpox rashes can be located on the skin on the face, trunk, limbs, mucous membranes, etc. A characteristic symptom is severe itching of the rash.

Rubella Diagnosis

Antibodies to rubella are detected on the seventh to tenth day of illness. Therefore, this study is rarely performed to confirm the diagnosis.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of epidemiological data, clinical picture and blood test.

Rubella Diagnosis

An analysis for antibodies to rubella is carried out during pregnancy planning.

Detection of antibodies to the rubella virus IgG in the diagnosis for TORCH, prescribed to all women planning a pregnancy or bearing a child. Ideally, a TORCH test is performed two to three months before pregnancy.

Norm IgG antibodies to the rubella virus - more than ten units per milliliter.

What does positive anti-rubella IgG mean?

The detection of the level of immunoglobulin G over ten IU per milliliter indicates that the patient has sufficient immunity to rubella.

Rubella treatment in children

There is no specific treatment for rubella. Hospitalization is carried out only in case of complicated moderate or severe course of the disease. With an uncomplicated course, children can be treated at home.

With fever, NSAIDs (ibuprofen or paracetamol) are indicated.

Rubella prevention

Isolation of patients is carried out for five days from the moment the rash appears. Contact children in the team are not separated or isolated. Disinfection of the premises is also not carried out.

Rubella vaccination: when and how many times?

Vaccination is carried out twice: at 12 months and six years. In the absence of vaccination and natural immunity (past disease), vaccination is indicated for girls over 13 years of age and women planning a pregnancy (at least three months before pregnancy, in the absence of immunity).

How long does the rubella vaccine last?

After the first vaccination, immunity is formed in 90% of children, but the child can still get mild rubella. After an illness or a second vaccination, immunity is lifelong.

What is the rubella vaccine called?

Rubella prophylaxis is carried out with vaccines Rudivax, MMRP or Priorix (, rubella,), as well as live attenuated vaccines.

The vaccine is well tolerated, adverse events are extremely rare. The reaction to the rubella vaccine in children can be manifested by fever, weakness, aching joints and swollen lymph nodes.

Article prepared
infectious disease doctor Chernenko A.L.

Rubella- an acute infectious disease of a viral nature, which is characterized by the appearance of specific rashes on the skin, swollen lymph nodes, moderate intoxication with short-term fever.

Cause

The causative agent of the disease is RNA-containing virus (genus Rubivirus, family Togoviridae). Once in the cell, the virus completely subjugates its metabolism, turning it into a factory of viruses. The rubella virus quickly dies in the external environment. At a temperature of 18-20 ° C, it is destroyed in 2-3 hours, boiling destroys the virus in a few minutes. It breaks down quickly under the action of direct sun rays, drying, solvents. Can be stored up to 2 years at -70°C.

The mechanism of the development of the disease

The virus with droplets of saliva and mucus enters the body through the respiratory tract. Some viruses immediately enter the bloodstream, thereby activating the immune system. Viruses invade leukocytes, leading to their death, which is reflected in the general blood test by a decrease in leukocytes (leukopenia). Through the lymphatic pathways, the virus enters the lymph nodes, where it multiplies intensively. This is manifested by enlarged cervical and occipital lymph nodes at the very beginning of the disease. Then the virus begins to enter the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body. The virus mainly invades young dividing cells. One explanation for the appearance of the rash is the direct effect of the virus on skin cells. In addition, in the process of immune defense, specific circulating immune complexes (CIC) are formed, which also contribute to rashes and the development of arthritis.

A single rubella infection provides lifelong immunity to the disease. This is due to the production of special antibodies to the virus by the body. These antibodies store information about the virus for a long time and, if the virus enters the body again, they immediately neutralize it.

How long is a person with rubella contagious?

The patient begins to shed the virus into the environment 1-2 weeks before the onset of the rash and up to 2-3 weeks after the end of the rash period. But after 5 days from the appearance of a rash, the patient no longer poses a danger to others (the amount of virus shed is too small for infection).

Ways of transmission of infection

The disease is transmitted mainly by airborne droplets. The most common cases of rubella in winter time and the beginning of spring. This is due to the fact that at this time the virus is more able to persist in the external environment, as well as the large crowding of people in enclosed spaces. Mostly rubella affects children under 7 years of age. By adulthood, 80-85% of people already have protective antibodies to this disease.

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the period of the disease. All the time of the disease is divided into 4 periods: incubation, prodromal, peak of the disease, recovery.

incubation period. This is the period from the moment of infection (the entry of the virus into the body) until the onset of non-specific manifestations of the disease. At this stage, there are no symptoms of the disease. The duration of the period is from 10 to 25 days.
prodromal period. The period from the onset of non-specific symptoms to the onset of symptoms characteristic of the disease. The duration of the period is 1-3 days.
Nonspecific symptoms (slight chilling, drowsiness, sore throat, coughing, slight rhinitis, etc.).

The height of the disease

The appearance of a rash

Characteristics of the rash: first appears behind the ears, then on the face and covers the entire body in a few hours. The rash looks like pale pink round spots with a slight elevation in the middle (maculopapular rash), sizes from a point to a millet grain. Usually the rash on the face is thicker, the spots are larger than on the trunk. The places where the rash is most abundant are: the extensor surfaces of the arms, thighs, buttocks. There is no rash on the palms and soles. There may be mild itching. The elements of the rash temporarily disappear when pressed on them. The rash persists for a short time - from several hours to 2-3, maximum 4 days. For a longer time, the rash persists on the back and on the limbs. The rash usually goes away without leaving marks.

Enlarged lymph nodes

Lymph nodes increase even in the prodromal period and persist for several weeks after the disappearance of all clinical manifestations of the disease. The cervical and occipital lymph nodes are the first to increase, the rest later on the background of rashes (thoracic, axillary, elbow, bronchial, mesenteric, etc.). Sizes from a pea to a cherry stone, rarely to the size of a nut. The nodes are painless (except for the posterior ear nodes), the skin over them is not changed, does not suppurate.

Intoxication

Even during the period of rashes, intoxication with rubella is small. The temperature rarely reaches 38-39.5 °C. For most, by the time the rash disappears, temperature, appetite, sleep, and general condition are normal.

Catarrhal phenomena

For the first time, days against the background of rashes are possible: sore throat, laryngitis, bronchitis, which soon disappear.

Other symptoms

Possible: abdominal pain, diarrhea, a slight decrease in blood pressure, a slight increase in the spleen and liver.

In the classic variant of the disease, rubella is predominantly mild.

Rubella during pregnancy, congenital rubella.

Congenital rubella develops in a fetus when the mother has an acute rubella infection. The more early term pregnancy in the mother, the more severe the complications in the child. This is due to the fact that only in the late stages of pregnancy, maternal antibodies against the virus are able to pass through the placenta in sufficient quantities and neutralize the viruses that have entered the blood of the fetus. When infected with rubella in the first 8 weeks of pregnancy, the percentage of infection of the child is 60 - 100%, and after 12 weeks only 7-12%. Rubella in some cases causes spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and the birth of a child with various malformations. Possible violations on the part of the child's body can be divided into persistent and temporary.

Persistent congenital lesions of the fetus are formed mainly during infection in the first trimester of pregnancy. Allocate congenital rubella syndrome, which includes:

Defects of the cardiovascular system(non-occlusion of the ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, cardiac septal defects)

Eye damage(congenital glaucoma, retinopathy, microphthalmia, pearl nuclear cataract)

CNS lesion(autism, mental retardation microcephaly, paraplegia, mental retardation)

Hearing loss(deafness)

Other possible flaws: cleft lip, cleft palate, kidney anomalies, microcephaly.

Temporary violations are characteristic of infection at the end of the third trimester, shortly before childbirth.

Low birth weight

Thrombocytopenic purpura

Enlargement of the liver and spleen

Large anterior fontanel

Bone lesion

Meningoencephalitis

Red pneumonitis

Hemolytic anemia

Hepatitis

Complications of rubella

The development of complications is rare.

Possible:

Mild arthritis of small to medium joints

Angina, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia

Encephalitis (rare). Symptoms: appears after an increase in the rash, the temperature rises sharply, convulsions, impaired consciousness. May cause death.

Meningitis (serous)

Polyneuritis

Diagnostics

General blood analysis

Leukocytes: reduced (often to 3 10 9 /l or less)

Lymphocytes: raised

Eosinophils: slightly increased

Platelets: lowered

ESR: fine

Specific Research

For the diagnosis of rubella, serological diagnostic methods are considered the most informative:

Complement fixation reaction (CFR)

Immunofluorescence reaction (RIF)

Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA)

These methods determine the specific antibodies produced by the body against the measles virus. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained antibodies allows us to judge the causative agent of the disease, the time of infection and the period of the infectious process.

PCR- the most accurate method for determining the causative agent of the disease, as it is based on the identification of the genetic material of the virus in the patient's body. The method is highly reliable in determining congenital rubella.

An important point in the diagnosis of rubella is the analysis of epidemiological data. Namely, recently registered cases of an infectious disease among the environment.

Prevention

General prevention

General prevention consists in the timely detection of patients, from isolation and treatment.

Isolation for 5 days from the onset of the rash

Children who have been in contact with patients are not allowed to enter the kindergarten, school for 3 weeks from the moment of contact.

Specific prophylaxis (vaccination)

Vaccinated at the age of 1 year and 6 years, girls of 13 years old who did not have rubella and without vaccination data

Vaccination is recommended for women of childbearing age who have not had rubella, are not vaccinated, and have a low concentration of rubella antibodies.

Women after vaccination need to protect themselves from pregnancy for 3 months.

Vaccination is contraindicated for pregnant women!

Vaccines:

Rudivaks (France);

Live attenuated rubella vaccine (India);

Live attenuated rubella vaccine (Croatia);

Cultured live attenuated rubella vaccine (Russia);

M-M-PII - combined vaccine against rubella, measles, mumps (Netherlands);

Priorix is a combined vaccine against rubella, measles, mumps (Belgium).

In order to prevent congenital rubella and its severe complications, women with rubella or who have been in contact with rubella patients (not vaccinated and not sick with rubella) are advised to terminate the pregnancy.

Treatment

Bed rest at least for the duration of the rash.

Special dietary restrictions are not required, it is recommended to exclude acute and irritating mucous membranes. digestive tract dishes.

Vitamins in the form of fresh fruits, vegetables, juices.

If the disease is severe, complications occur, or if it is impossible to isolate the patient, hospitalization is necessary.

Antibiotics are prescribed only in cases of bacterial complications or if there is a threat of activation of chronic foci of infection.

There is no antiviral therapy. Since the virus has practically disappeared from the blood by the time the rash appears, which is when the diagnosis is usually made.

Treatment of complications

For arthritis: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (declofenac, indomethacin, etc.)

With encephalitis: corticosteroids (dexamethasone, prednisolone), anticonvulsants (midazolam, diazepam, etc.), diuretics (furosemide), oxygen therapy, etc.

Rubella: the most popular questions and answers to them

Rubella only at first glance seems to be a harmless and “mild” disease. But responsible and experienced parents know perfectly well that they should be treated as responsibly as possible. The fact is that rubella, which is really harmless in itself, can provoke extremely serious complications, the treatment of which does not always end in complete recovery. Therefore, we decided to collect all your questions regarding rubella, its characteristic signs, methods of diagnosis and treatment within one material.

How many times do you get rubella?

Theoretically, one, since after recovery, the patient develops strong immunity. But in practice there are cases of "re-infection". This is possible if, at the time of contact with the carrier of Rubella virus, the child has an extremely low level of immunity, which simply “does not see” the threat. Also, sometimes there are cases of erroneous diagnosis, due to which secondary infection becomes primary. Therefore, we once again urge fathers and mothers to refuse self-medication.

Does rubella rash itch?

This question can be answered with an unequivocal and very short answer - no! Rubella rash does not itch or itch. Most often, it appears first on the face, then quickly spreads throughout the body. The most problematic areas, where the concentration of papules is maximum, are the joints, buttocks, and back. A typical manifestation is spots and papules of bright red color. From this we can draw one important conclusion: if the doctor thinks your child has rubella, and the rash is very itchy and itchy, then your best bet is to look for another pediatrician.

Similar effects can be the following diseases: allergic dermatitis, scabies, lichen planus, chickenpox and herpes. They also often appear after an insect bite. In this case, the baby will really itch a lot, but the likelihood that he has rubella will be extremely low.

How many days does the quarantine last?

The sanitary and epidemiological standards in force in the Russian Federation do not imply any restrictions if rubella is diagnosed in the children's team. But in this case, several important clarifications should be made.

If your child is not immune strong or has recently had serious illness, it is still better to refuse to visit a kindergarten or school.

Conditional safety is guaranteed only if you are dealing specifically with rubella. Other diseases with similar symptoms require a completely different approach.

It is still better to keep a sick child at home, regardless of what diagnosis he has been made.

Remember that the incubation period for rubella can be quite long - up to 3 weeks. Therefore, if the child had a theoretical opportunity to become infected, all this time (counting from the date of the alleged contact with the carrier), parents should be as attentive as possible to his well-being.

Differences of rubella from allergies and measles

Why is it important to differentiate these concepts? How to distinguish rubella from allergies and measles? Why can't a characteristic rash be considered a reliable diagnostic criterion?

Allergy is acute reaction immune system to certain external stimuli. In no case can it be treated, since the fight against protective properties organism will end for the patient very, very deplorably. But to buy special preparations unpleasant (and sometimes life-threatening) symptoms are possible and necessary. The rash that often accompanies an allergic reaction does not require special treatment.

How is measles different from rubella? Both diseases are viral in nature, but proceed in different ways. With rubella, lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) and a characteristic rash are often observed, and ENT symptoms are practically absent, apart from a slight increase in temperature. Measles mainly affects the upper respiratory tract with all associated clinical manifestations. The most important of them is the rapid rise in temperature to 39-40 degrees. Both measles and rubella are treatable (specific or symptomatic - not so important), but its tactics will differ significantly.

Is it possible to bathe a child with rubella?

There is nothing criminal in this, but we still recommend discussing this issue with your pediatrician. Moreover, bathing with rubella (if there are no direct contraindications) will help maintain hygiene at the proper level, help to alleviate well-being, relieve theoretically possible itching and even normalize the temperature. Ordinary water is not suitable for this, but proven and safe means from the arsenal traditional medicine will be very helpful.

Infusions and solutions for baths:

Herb coltsfoot or rose hips, calendula, chamomile. According to 4 tbsp. l per 1 liter of boiling water, leave for about an hour.

Celandine. According to 4 tbsp. l flowers and herbs for 1.2-1.3 l of boiling water, leave for 60 minutes.

Baking soda. No more than 1/2 cup per standard bath. Use only for severe itching.

Oatmeal. Pour a handful of porridge into a stocking and place it in the bathroom for 15-20 minutes.

Is it possible to walk while sick?

This question can be approached in two ways. On the one hand, your child can infect other children, so he still should not walk with his peers. Especially given the severe rash. On the other hand, rubella usually does not give any ENT symptoms, so walking your child is unlikely to harm. At least if his immunity is all right. But it is better to do this away from other children and "without fanaticism."

What is the likelihood of a vaccinated child getting sick?

Theoretically it can: vaccination does not give a 100% guarantee of safety. But we categorically do not recommend refusing to be vaccinated, since more than 90% of sick children in the Russian Federation have not received preventive vaccinations. And talk about the "harm" of vaccines is nothing more than idle fiction.

How do you know if you had rubella as a child?

If it is not possible to find out from the parents, and the data in the medical record are contradictory or not available at all, this can be found out using a laboratory test. For this, an analysis is used for the presence of immunoglobulin classes M and G in the blood. The first indicates the presence of specific antibodies and confirms the fact that you had rubella in childhood. The second says that you are currently a carrier of the virus.

Rubella in childhood most often goes away without any consequences for the child, although in some cases there are spots on the skin that are somewhat similar to birthmarks. But they do not always happen, because their absence cannot serve as any reliable diagnostic factor.

How many days do people usually get chickenpox?

What is chickenpox, how many days do they get sick and how is it treated? Chicken pox is an infectious disease that can only be contracted once in a lifetime. After recovery, a person develops a strong immunity to the virus.

In childhood, the disease is easier to tolerate, so in most cases it is not dangerous. If the child is sick, you just need to speed up the healing process.

Chickenpox is considered a childhood disease. Usually it affects children aged 3-10 years. However, adults can also experience chickenpox. If a person avoided infection in childhood, then the chances of becoming infected in adulthood are very high, since this disease is highly contagious.

The virus that causes chickenpox is transmitted by airborne droplets. Bacteria can penetrate into neighboring rooms and even to other floors of buildings. For good volatile properties, the disease got its name.

Symptoms and features of the disease

In order to answer the question of how long chickenpox lasts, you should find out how it starts. After all, from the moment of infection, it usually takes from 1 to 3 weeks before the symptoms of chickenpox begin to appear. A few days before the appearance of the first rashes on the skin, health worsens. The patient's temperature rises to 38-39 ° C, which is accompanied by general weakness. Along with this, appetite decreases, sometimes a headache occurs. It is noteworthy that over time, the general malaise only intensifies.

After the onset of these symptoms, rashes appear on the body and face after 48 hours. Initially, they look like small spots of pink color. A little later, the spots become like bubbles filled with liquid. These papules constantly itch and itch, delivering a mass to the patient. discomfort. During the period of the appearance of rashes, the patient may have a fever, while it is usually higher than at the beginning of the disease.

After 5-7 days, the bubbles will begin to crust, which should fall off on their own, leaving no trace. If the crusts are combed and torn off, scars may appear in their place.

As a rule, the rash spreads throughout the body and is accompanied by severe itching. In some cases, bubbles appear on the mucous membranes (in the mouth, on the genitals, etc.).

New blisters appear 3-4 days after the previous ones have crusted over. This cycle may be repeated several times. During the acute phase of the disease, spots, fluid vesicles and crusts can be observed on the skin at the same time.

Each cycle of rashes is accompanied by weakness and fever. Approximately one and a half weeks after the appearance of the first bubbles, the process stops, all the symptoms of the disease gradually disappear, the patient is on the mend.

After a successful recovery, a person receives lifelong immunity to the virus, which remains in his body. It may not show up at all. But when favorable conditions arise for the virus, it becomes active again. In this case, a person who has had chickenpox develops dangerous complication, namely shingles.

Chickenpox is very dangerous for pregnant women. The consequences can be different and depend on the gestational age. In this situation, a pregnant woman should be under the supervision of the attending physician.

What determines the duration of the windmill?

Anyone can get chickenpox, regardless of age. How long do people get chickenpox? The duration of the formation of new vesicles directly depends on the form of the disease, sometimes this period lasts a long time (up to 10 days).

On average, in the normal course of the disease, new vesicles stop appearing on the 5-7th day from the onset of the onset of obvious symptoms of the disease. Therefore, when new blisters stop appearing and begin to crust and fall off, the disease will subside. It is from this moment that the healing process will begin. It should also be taken into account that each person's body is individual. If one person has chickenpox for up to 10 days, then another person will have a much shorter recovery time, for example, about 3-5 days.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that in adults the disease is much more severe than in childhood. Therefore, the duration of the rash can also increase. It is impossible to answer exactly the question of how many people get chickenpox. It all depends on the severity of chickenpox and its shape. There are 2 forms of chickenpox, each of which not only differs in the duration of the course, but also needs special treatment.

It should be noted that chickenpox is considered a highly contagious disease transmitted by airborne droplets. Therefore, it is very important to know how many days a person with chickenpox is dangerous to other people.

How long does chickenpox last in children and adults?

This infectious disease has a long incubation period.

Its duration usually reaches 10-21 days. In some cases, symptoms appear 23 days after contact with an infected person.

In this case, the patient is dangerous to others only for 3-5 days before the first skin rash appears. As a rule, quarantine lasts for 10 days from the day the first red spots appear.

Adults and children are ill for 14 to 21 days, half of this time they should spend in bed.

Forms of chickenpox

There are 2 forms of chickenpox: typical and atypical.

Each differs in its symptoms, duration of the disease and severity.

Typical chickenpox is characterized by the following forms: mild, moderate and severe. Light is characterized by the fact that the disease is well tolerated, with little or no increase in body temperature. Bubbles on the skin can either be absent, appearing only on the scalp, or form in the in large numbers.

Varicella of moderate and severe forms is characterized by manifestations of all the symptoms inherent in this disease. Bubbles appear most often in large quantities. Their appearance is accompanied by an increase in temperature. Papules can occur not only on the surface of the skin, but also on the mucous membranes.

Severe chickenpox usually only occurs in adults. In adolescents and children, it develops very rarely. With a severe form of chickenpox, rashes are observed in a very large amount. Sometimes papules merge into one element. The body temperature against the background of their formation rises up to 40 ° C and is accompanied by severe intoxication of the body.

Atypical form of chickenpox is observed very rarely. It is characterized by the presence of symptoms in a more acute form.

Sometimes there may be no symptoms of the disease at all. For example, with a rudimentary form of chickenpox, a person often does not suspect that he is sick.

How to speed up recovery?

Is it possible to make the rash go away faster? The healing process can be accelerated. To do this, you should adjust the diet during the period of illness. Fruits and vegetables must be present in the diet, the patient needs to drink juices, fruit drinks and compotes.

During quarantine, you need to change the bed linen on which the patient sleeps as often as possible. It is worth choosing clothes with long sleeves and trousers. If a child is sick, it is very important to ensure that he does not overheat, as overheating can provoke increased itching with chickenpox.

Bubbles should be treated as often as possible, this will speed up recovery. For this purpose, a 5-10% solution of potassium permanganate or brilliant green is usually used.

While quarantine lasts, it is important to ensure that the child does not comb the papules. If the rash itches, you can treat the inflamed areas by special means(sprays, ointments). The attending physician can choose a good antipruritic agent.

In the presence of a severe form of chickenpox, antiviral medications are indicated.

During quarantine, the patient should take antihistamines, for example, Suprastin, Fenistil or Tavegil.

If the disease is accompanied by an increase in body temperature during the formation of bubbles, it is recommended to take an antipyretic.

It is not advisable for children to reduce the temperature with acetylsalicylic acid, since it can cause liver complications.

The duration of the disease is different, but following these recommendations will speed up the healing process. Otherwise, it all depends on the severity of the disease and the characteristics of the body. After all the crusts fall off, the patient becomes non-infectious.

Vaccination is not included National calendar vaccinations, so you have to pay for it. On average, the cost is 2500-5000 rubles, depending on the vaccine and the clinic.

Some doctors advise against immunizing a child against this disease so that he can get mild chickenpox on his own.

How long does a windmill last

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease and is manifested by rashes in the form of vesicles. Many underestimate the severity of this disease. It is believed that only children of the age category from 2 to 6 years old get sick with chickenpox. However, an adult can also get sick if he does not have immunity to this disease.

The cause of the disease is the herpes virus of the third type, better known as Varicella-Zoster or herpes zoster. Prevalence compared to others viral diseases, windmill is in the first place. A person is 100% susceptible to chicken pox.

Symptoms

Chickenpox spreads by airborne droplets. The latent period of the disease lasts from 10 to 21 days, starting from the moment of direct contact with a sick person.

A few days before the onset of blisters on the skin, general well-being begins to deteriorate. In this case, a slight rise in body temperature may be observed, the child may complain of headache. Gradually, the general malaise only intensifies.

Not later than 48 hours later, the first rashes appear on the skin. Initially, these are small flat spots of pink color. A little later, they turn into bubbles, the cavity of which is filled with a clear liquid. Their appearance is accompanied by severe itching. The rashes themselves are accompanied by an increase in temperature, and it can be even higher than in the first days of the disease.

It should be noted that the bubbles disappear rather quickly, and a hard brown crust forms in their place. Chickenpox is characterized by an undulating course, when the rash appears at certain time intervals. Eruptions are localized in the face, back, head, chest, as well as on the genitals and limbs.

What is dangerous

After an illness, a person develops lifelong immunity, but the virus remains in the body. long time he can calmly "sleep" without showing himself in any way. However, under favorable conditions, the virus can become active again. In this case, a person is diagnosed with shingles.

Chickenpox is especially dangerous for a pregnant woman. Depending on the gestational age, the consequences may be different. In any case, a pregnant woman should be under medical supervision.

Disease duration

Chickenpox affects both adults and children. Depending on the severity of the disease, the rash can last up to 10 days. But on average, the appearance of new elements of the rash stops by 5-8 days from the onset of the disease. Therefore, if we talk about how many children get sick with chickenpox, then the disease goes into decline after the formation of new elements of the rash stops. From this moment the child begins to recover. Given that the body of each person is individual, it is impossible to say exactly how long chickenpox lasts in a child.

The disease is much more severe in adulthood. And to the question: “How many days do adults get chickenpox?”, An unambiguous answer cannot be given, since the duration of the rash depends on the severity of the disease.

Forms of the disease

There are two forms of the course of the disease and each of them needs specific treatment.

Doctors distinguish the following forms of chickenpox:

typical chickenpox;

atypical chicken pox.

Each of them has its own symptoms and how many days children have chickenpox depends on the severity of the disease.

Typical chickenpox can be mild, moderate, or severe. The mild format of chickenpox is characterized by the fact that the disease can pass with little or no rise in temperature. A rash on the skin may be completely absent (vesicles in this case appear on the scalp) or appear singly.

Chickenpox, which occurs in moderate and severe form, passes with the manifestation of all its inherent symptoms. Rashes appear sometimes in large quantities. Each wave is accompanied by a rise in temperature, sometimes to very high levels. The rash can capture not only the surface of the skin, but also the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, eyes and genitals.

In severe form, chickenpox in children is extremely rare. Most often, this course of the disease is characteristic of an adult. For severe chickenpox, transferred in adulthood, profuse rashes are inherent. In this case, quite often the bubbles merge into a single whole. The temperature on this background sometimes rises to 40 degrees. Symptoms of acute intoxication of the whole organism are observed.

The atypical form of chickenpox is rare. It is characterized by aggravated forms. In this case, all the symptoms appear in a more vivid form.

In some cases characteristics diseases are absent. With a rudimentary form, a person may not even suspect that he has had chickenpox.

How many days is a person with chickenpox dangerous to others?

How many days is chickenpox contagious? Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease transmitted from person to person by airborne droplets. In addition, the disease has a long incubation period, which lasts from 10 to 21 days (in rare cases up to 23 days) from the moment of direct contact with an infected person. But the patient himself becomes contagious, starting from 3 to 5 days before the first elements of the chickenpox rash appear. In general, chickenpox quarantine continues for a full 10 days from the date the first spots appear.

Treatment in children and adults

The disease has no specific treatment. The treatment for chickenpox is to relieve the symptoms. You can relieve itching and dry the rashes with the help of ordinary brilliant green. Processing is carried out several times during the day, lubricating both existing elements and newly formed ones.

When the temperature rises, it is necessary to take antipyretics, and bed rest is also recommended for this period. The patient is given plenty of fluids.

In the case of a secondary infection, treatment is prescribed by a doctor.

Rubella. Symptoms, signs, treatment, consequences and prevention of the disease. Komarovsky. Description of almost all childhood diseases. Viral and bacterial. Especially to reflection opponents of vaccinations. Detection of disease symptoms

Immune disorders.

How many times do you get rubella in your life?

Rubella again! SOS!

How can you get rubella

What is rubella

The main ways of transmission of the virus

If infected with rubella

What does congenital rubella syndrome look like?

The course of a typical form of infection

Ways to prevent and treat rubella

Rubella: how to avoid the consequences of childhood illness

Features of rubella and can it get sick again

How rubella spreads

Is it possible to get rubella a second time?

Different manifestations and severity of the disease

Prevention and vaccination

Vaccination tolerance

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ABC of vaccinations

Vaccinations - "for" and "against"

general information

Transmission routes

rubella incubation period

Symptoms of the disease in children

Features of the pathological process in adults

congenital rubella syndrome

Diagnostic methods

Features of therapy

Consequences for the body

Ways to prevent the disease

How rubella is transmitted

How many times do you get rubella in your life?

The pathogenesis of the development of the disease

rubella classification

Rubella symptoms in children

Symptoms and treatment of rubella in adults

Why is rubella dangerous for boys and girls?

Are measles and rubella the same thing or not?

How is chickenpox different from rubella

Rubella Diagnosis

What does positive anti-rubella IgG mean?

Rubella treatment in children

Rubella prevention

Rubella vaccination: when and how many times?

How long does the rubella vaccine last?

What is the rubella vaccine called?

Cause

The mechanism of the development of the disease

How long is a person with rubella contagious?

Ways of transmission of infection

Symptoms

Rubella during pregnancy, congenital rubella.

Complications of rubella

Diagnostics

Prevention

Treatment

Rubella: the most popular questions and answers to them

How many times do you get rubella?

Does rubella rash itch?

How many days does the quarantine last?

Differences of rubella from allergies and measles

Is it possible to bathe a child with rubella?

Is it possible to walk while sick?

What is the likelihood of a vaccinated child getting sick?

How do you know if you had rubella as a child?

How many days do people usually get chickenpox?

Symptoms and features of the disease

What determines the duration of the windmill?

How long does chickenpox last in children and adults?

Forms of chickenpox