Current problems of teenage drug addiction. Features of teenage drug addiction, its causes and trends

In Russia, the problem of drug use among teenagers has now reached terrifying proportions. Just five years ago, a 16-year-old drug addict was a clinical rarity, but now teenagers make up a third of drug addicts who seek medical help.

The worst thing is that taking drugs among modern youth has become commonplace, one might even say, a tradition. It seems that among today's teenagers, not using drugs is considered rude and unmodern. Teen drug addiction, according to statistics, has become a real epidemic in the country. Data from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs indicate that 70% of drug users are teenagers and young people. 56% of boys and 20% of girls have taken narcotic or toxic substances at least once, and 45% of boys and 18% of girls continue to use them!

In the subculture of modern youth, the formation of a unique “drug addict” consciousness is growing, which considers the drug “high” as an integral attribute of self-improvement and success in life. Material well-being is now determined not only by the brand of car and visits to expensive entertainment venues, but also by the opportunity to purchase the next dose of the most “prestigious” drug.

A fashionable philosophical concept among young people is the description and analysis of the spiritual experience that a teenager acquired while using drugs. This is why drug use is now justified among teenagers. The younger generation is keen on reading books by Groff, Castaneda, Leary, glorifying the unusual, “magical” world seen during drug intoxication with substances such as LSD, mescaline, psilocycin.

Even high school students from prestigious educational institutions who get there as a result of a strict competitive selection are phenomenally knowledgeable about drug addiction issues. They freely characterize certain narcotic substances, discuss controversial issues in drug addiction, and are well versed in medicine. Many schoolchildren have a manual on drug addiction at home, and also have personal experience drug use. And these are teenagers not from an ordinary high school, but the future intellectual elite of the country...

Statistics on drug addiction among teenagers highlight the first worldwide outbreak of this problem in the 20s of the last century. At that time in Russia there was a massive use of cocaine by street children. In the 90s, unfortunately, there were also enough street children, but children from quite prosperous families were also involved in drug addiction.

Drugs today are sold quite openly, and are even distributed via the Internet. A medical supplies containing narcotic substances can be purchased in pharmacies without a prescription.

Causes of drug addiction in teenagers

Why is drug addiction so common among teenagers today? First of all, because the teenager has not yet formed as a full-fledged personality, he is emotionally weak and overly curious. In addition, a teenager wants to become an adult faster, to be different from his peers and to solve problems in the easiest way. But, due to his immaturity, the grown-up child does not understand that a harmful addiction does not help solve ordinary life problems, but leads to new, more serious ones. Such a manifestation of “adulthood” as drug addiction becomes destructive for a young person.

A teenager usually takes the first dose of the drug in the company of friends, at a disco, in a club, and even at school. And he does this solely out of curiosity, having heard a lot about the drug “high”. But the young man cannot understand that this euphoria is fleeting, and drug addicts use drugs for precisely the opposite purposes - not for momentary pleasure, but to return to a state normal for a healthy person.

In many cases, drug addiction in adolescence begins due to personal problems, such as a lack of joy in life. If a teenager does not find anything good in his life, he is not happy with everything that surrounds him, he decides to try a deadly potion as a life-saving remedy. Seeing drugs as a path to the world of pleasures and a joyful life, he does not understand that getting out of this illusion is very difficult, and sometimes even impossible.

Experts say that drug addiction in children and adolescents has the most dangerous reason – pleasure. Having tried the insidious drug for the first time, the teenager experiences unusually pleasant sensations, which he strives to get more and more. As a result of repeated use of a narcotic substance, dependence appears, and not only physical, “withdrawal” in the absence of a dose, but also mental – dependence on the pleasure brought by the drug.

Often the reason for the development of drug addiction in a teenager is his friendship with peers who have experience of “drug addict” life. A teenager who has difficulties communicating with his family seems to think that his friends who are drug addicts understand them very well and, together with drugs, can replace his family and school.

The specificity of teenage drug addiction is that the reason for its development can be a completely opposite situation. The teenager communicates with a very prosperous group of friends, but strives to be a leader in it. To do this, he begins to demonstrate to his peers his various abilities, among which are smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs as signs of “adulthood.”

Signs of drug addiction in teenagers

The first signs of a drug addiction problem among teenagers can appear at the age of 6-7 years. If parents discover that a child at this age is smoking, this is a cause for serious concern. Smoking at such a young age indicates that the child has a tendency to drug addiction. Therefore, parents should not hesitate, but immediately contact a psychologist before real trouble befalls the family.

Drug addiction can appear even after a single dose of drugs - this is why drug addiction is scary. The first signs that a teenager is using drugs appear a week after they start taking them. The fact that the destructive mechanism has been put into action is indicated by problems with studies, conflicts with teachers, parents and peers, late arrivals home, and absenteeism from school. The teenager is often absent from home, he makes new, dubious acquaintances with whom he conducts secret conversations.

The addict's behavior also changes. The teenager becomes irritable, rude, his mood often changes for no reason, and he strives for solitude. Sleep and appetite disturbances are observed.

There are also physical signs, indicating that the teenager is addicted to drugs:

constricted or dilated pupils, regardless of lighting;
slow and slurred speech;
impaired coordination of movements;
very pale skin;
poor memory and depression.

All these changes in the teenager’s condition and behavior should alert his parents.

The consequences of teenage drug addiction are terrible, so if you notice these signs in your child, you should not panic and throw tantrums. It is important to understand the situation and act immediately. Perhaps the teenager has not yet become a drug addict, but has used the drug once and has no desire to repeat it. Parents should be helpers for children in difficult situations, and if there is a problem, help the child solve it. To eradicate the problem immediately, without allowing it to take root, you should seek help from psychologists, doctors, and rehabilitation centers.

Prevention of drug addiction among adolescents

Smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction in the modern world have become too young. There is no guarantee that just yesterday a modest and polite child from a prosperous family will not turn into a drug addict or alcoholic. But you need to try to avoid this problem.

What should be done to prevent a teenager from sliding to the bottom, turning into a drug addict unnecessary to society, and not exchanging the joys of life for the illusion of drug “magic”?

First of all, the prevention of drug addiction in adolescents, as well as other bad habits, comes down to the personal example of his parents. What a child sees from an early age, he considers the norm of life. How parents feel about smoking, alcohol, what kind of people come to visit, how communication and celebration of holidays take place - all this is deposited in the child’s mind and forms a certain model of behavior in him.

Many teenagers view drugs and alcohol as a way to relax and escape from stressful reality. But the task of parents is to counter such harmful relaxation with other ways of solving problems, and to explain to the teenager that going into the illusory world is instant pleasure, and it is not worth ruining a young life.

The influence of teachers and the media is of great importance in the prevention of teenage drug addiction. But simple lectures are unlikely to impress today's youth. It would be much more effective to show a documentary film that clearly demonstrates all the horrors of the life of drug addicts from the perspective of a large-scale tragedy throughout the country. Young people must understand that drug addiction among teenagers is the path to human extinction. And it is better to prevent such a problem than to then try to get rid of it.

If you want to protect your child from drugs, build your relationship on trust and sincerity. Talk with your teenager about serious topics about health and life without harmful addictions. Explain that drugs are just tinsel, underneath which there is emptiness.

3. Features of teenage drug addiction, its causes and trends

Drug addiction is a disease of the young. She knocks out of the normal flow public life the most capable. This is precisely its threat to the future of the country.

In Russia, as indeed elsewhere in the world, young people under the age of 30 predominate among drug users.

And the growth rate of drug addiction in this environment is the highest. Average age Today the age of initiation into drugs is 13 years. But cases of drug addiction in 9-10 year old children have already been identified. Sample surveys of adolescents show that 44% of boys and 25% of girls have tried drugs and other psychoactive substances at least once in their short lives. “More than 14 thousand minors (of which almost 6 thousand are students) are registered as drug users and about 7 thousand (of which over 1,600 students) are registered as users of potent intoxicants. The number of teenagers seeking medical help for the first time has increased by a quarter in the last year alone.”

Drug dealers have developed and widely use a unique tactic of “dragging in the net”: in schools, in the entrances of houses, in places of mass gatherings of teenagers, they sell drugs at ultra-low, symbolic prices in order to introduce as many children as possible to them. Then the price, of course, goes up, and the gullible buyer goes online. Almost free distribution of drugs (but only at the first stage) is now widely used to draw teenagers into a drug whirlpool, from which many of them are unable to escape. Drugs have become an indispensable attribute of youth evenings, concerts of popular artists and musical groups, and discos.

Drug use has become the norm leading to death for most street children. Homelessness, as you know, borders on the “zone”, and there, including in a juvenile colony, the potion flows uninterruptedly. They usually leave there with a severe drug addiction, without any hope of ever getting rid of it. . Particularly alarming is the increase in drug addiction among schoolchildren and students (6-8 times) in last years.

The issue of drug addiction in adolescents is currently extremely topical, firstly, due to the fact that most cases of first drug use occur at this age (about 70% of cases of drug addiction), and secondly, because the effect narcotic drugs(long-term drug poisoning) has a particularly detrimental effect on the developing organism.

In the study of diseases associated with addiction psychoactive substances, the main role is played by relatively young sciences - adolescent psychiatry and adolescent narcology. The creator of these scientific directions in our country, as well as the organizer of the first psychiatric department for adolescents, was Professor A.E. Lichko, who worked at the Institute named after V.M. Bekhterev. The basic information presented in this paragraph is drawn from his works and the works of his students.

Rapid growth of the body and serious hormonal changes ( puberty) in adolescence do not play a major role in the formation of diseases associated with addiction to psychoactive substances. However, some common psychological traits characteristic of adolescents are of great importance: the desire for pleasure, the easy occurrence of protest reactions, a tendency to group activities, some instability of mood. Adolescents' strong desire for independence constant desire freeing oneself from the care of adults often leads to serious contradictions with adults and causes protest reactions. Adding to these reactions the desire to group with peers creates even greater problems and opens the door to “trying out” drugs in the adolescent group. This is also facilitated by the classic “sweetness of the forbidden fruit” situation, and simply curiosity. The desire to show oneself in the most favorable light in front of representatives (or representatives) of the opposite sex can also push adolescents to “heroic” actions, manifested in “testing” themselves with drugs. In groups that often develop along territorial lines (within a yard, alley, street), where the influence of the “leader” is strong, illegal tendencies often arise, which include the use of psychoactive substances. Often, both purely criminal and purely drug addict groups arise, depending on who “leads” the group and what “contingent” is included in it.

The feeling of a group is so strong in adolescents that when they meet a group (this is observed in adolescents with drug addiction), they begin to experience feelings characteristic of intoxication, even before taking the drug. A.E. Lichko and V.S. Bitensky called this phenomenon a “contact high” (in the language of drug addicts, and there is one, a high is an elevated mood with a hint of bliss).

The teenager’s family plays a serious role. The main factors that can contribute to drug addiction are the father's alcoholism, his abuse, and lack of warmth from the mother.

Real “drug addiction epidemics” sometimes occur among teenagers. At the same time, not only individual schools, courtyards, streets, but also large areas are covered by the abuse of any narcotic substance by adolescents. Usually in such cases relatively simple ways drug administration: smoking, snorting. Quite often, such epidemics arose at the beginning of perestroika, after the introduction of restrictions on the sale of alcohol, although this concerned more substances.

In addition to the listed points, which reflect the characteristics of the body of adolescents and the influence of family and group on them, they, like adults, have personal characteristics, character, and the degree of deviations from generally accepted norms. A. E. Lichko studied in detail the character traits of adolescents and described the reasons for the formation of various types of addiction to psychoactive substances in them.

Let's see what are the reasons for drug abuse among teenagers different characters.

Teenagers with unstable interests dependent on external influences, who easily fall under the influence of others, while at the same time lazy, preferring rest and entertainment to any useful activity, are attracted to drugs as a means from which they “can get pleasure.” Those whose activity is “overflowing”, active, enterprising, easy to get along with people and navigate in a new situation, begin to use drugs out of curiosity and for pleasure, often doing this in order “not to disturb the company.” Teenagers with a tendency to mood changes (either euphoria or depression) take drugs “to calm down”, “so as not to worry.” Teenagers with a tendency to distinct mood swings, pronounced irritability, and periods of “internal tension” become more easily accustomed to drugs than others, since they consider these substances to be a means of relieving anxiety and improving mood. For teenagers prone to demonstrative behavior, drugs help, as K. Jaspers puts it, “to appear larger than they really are.”

M. Zuckerman described a special type of behavior - “sensation seeking” (SE) as behavior associated with the need for various new sensations and experiences, expressed in the desire for physical and social risk for the sake of these sensations. Such behavior is an individual characteristic of the subject and stems from the need to maintain optimal level stimulation and excitement. The author argues that one of the factors in adolescents’ involvement with drugs is curiosity and the desire for new sensations; in addition, adolescents with high level POs tend to experiment with different types of drugs in order to increase their level of arousal.

How do the manifestations of drug addiction in adolescents directly differ from the manifestations similar diseases in adults?

The way teenagers react to drugs sets them apart from adults. The tolerance of the substance fluctuates - it sometimes increases, sometimes it decreases (in adults it continuously increases, i.e. they need an increasingly larger dose to achieve the desired effect). The formation of addiction occurs more slowly than in adults, unless these adolescents have previously suffered from any diseases affecting the nervous system, or they have not had severe head injuries. In addition, adolescents go through the stage of so-called group addiction, when the desire to use a psychoactive substance arises only in a group of peers who also abuse this substance; In adolescents and young men who have previously suffered serious illnesses that negatively affected the state of the brain (leading to easy mental underdevelopment, the occurrence of convulsive seizures), dependence can form quite quickly.

States of intoxication, if they do not carry signs of a deep disorder of consciousness with retardation, are usually accompanied by noticeable motor restlessness.

Judge the formed mental dependence to a narcotic substance in a teenager I.Ts. Pyatnitskaya suggests weakening “group tendencies” - the teenager independently begins to look for drugs and take them alone, “in isolation” from the usual peer group.

Symptoms of withdrawal (the condition caused by drug withdrawal) in adolescents are usually less severe than in adults. A characteristic feature is severe headaches. Teenagers tend to hide the painful manifestations that occur during abstinence, but in severe cases one can always notice increased fatigue, dark circles under the eyes, low mood, and sometimes a tendency to “repentance.”

One of the most early signs Long-term (chronic) drug poisoning in adolescents means a stop in mental development. The earlier chronic poisoning begins, the more noticeable the arrest in development is. In the future, the existence of such a person, even if he stops drug abuse at some stage, will be difficult, since he will not be able to set serious goals for himself (getting a profession, starting his own family, etc.) and successfully solve them. Then, if teenagers continue to abuse drugs, they become more irritable, internal tension, malice or lethargy and indifference to everything. All this is accompanied by weakening memory and decreased intelligence. Either the patients look much younger than their age, or some “senile” signs are noted in their appearance. They are often emaciated, their eyes are faded, their skin is flabby, pale, with a grayish tint.

The social position of such patients is extremely uncertain. They often drop out of school and cannot work - physical work quickly tires them, and they lack training for other work. Such patients often find themselves in criminal situations. However, with early cessation of drug abuse, it is possible to restore a certain degree of intellectual function and improve physical condition.

At chronic poisoning Adolescents often develop psychoses, which can occur both in a state of intoxication, in a state of withdrawal, and after the disappearance of the main signs of withdrawal. These psychoses occur with fear, auditory and visual hallucinations, patients feel that their lives are in danger, they run away somewhere, defend themselves, they may perceive their surroundings as nightmarish or, conversely, pleasant dream.

In adolescents who are predisposed to mental disorders, drugs can provoke long-term psychotic states requiring appropriate psychiatric treatment.

S.B. Belogurov notes in the anamnesis of those suffering from drug addiction, along with other factors: upbringing in a single-parent family; permanent employment of one of the parents (long business trips, business workload, etc.); absence of other children in the family.

According to B. Williams, there are certain similarities among drug addicts regarding their families, and the following factors are noted: the father is absent or has a weak character; an overly caring, compliant or, conversely, domineering mother; inconsistent behavior and lack of inhibitions; hostility or conflicts between parents; unrealistic desire of parents towards their children.

Psychological studies of families in which a teenager suffers from drug addiction allow us to conclude that there is a psychological type of the father of a drug addict, which can be designated by analogy with the “drug addict father” identified by scientists as a “schizophrenogenic mother”. The essence of it psychological portrait is a combination of such traits as increased demands on oneself and one’s environment (in particular, a child, wife), workaholism, unwillingness to take into account individual, age-related characteristics and situational issues, emotional coldness combined with rigidity and often cruelty, a tendency to compete , hyperactivity and sociability, which is often superficial in nature and not accompanied by a desire to understand and emotionally accept the interlocutor.

It is traditionally believed that a risk factor for addiction to intoxicating substances is an incomplete family where one of the parents raises the child. However, as numerous sociological studies show, a significant proportion of adolescent drug addicts today have both parents. Apparently, the most important thing is not the composition of the family, but the atmosphere that develops in it, the emotional closeness and trust of household members in each other.

Most often and the earliest to begin a drug-induced life are minors from families where they are raised under the type of hypoprotection. Simply put, these are those children and adolescents who are left to their own devices. Lack of attention from adults can be due to the social behavior of the father or mother (often immensely busy raising money for the family), as well as the destruction of interpersonal relationships and interactions (adults are so immersed in sorting out relationships that there is simply no time left for the child).

However, in Lately hypocare is increasingly being associated with other reasons that have a socio-economic basis.

Adults are forced to spend most of their time at work in order to provide their own children with at least the most necessary things. Understanding perfectly well what a child’s attention deficit can threaten, parents are still unable to change anything. After all, the refusal of one of the parents to work or switch to a less intensive regime can have an extremely negative impact on the family budget. Most adults have no more than a few hours a week to communicate with their own children, not counting, of course, the time for feeding the children, at least minimal care for them, etc. And the point here is not the negligence of the father or mother, nor the absence they have parental attachment or an underdeveloped sense of responsibility, and in living conditions.

A special place among families with hypoprotection is occupied by the so-called drug-addicted families, where one or both parents suffer from alcohol or drug addiction. The likelihood of becoming addicted to intoxication in children from such families increases by more than 2 times. From early childhood, a son or daughter has the opportunity to observe and even learn in practice drug-induced traditions and become familiar with the methods of intoxication. The entire life of the family turns out to be subordinated to drugs - it is characterized by inconstancy and unpredictability, despotic relationships, even physical aggression. This equally applies to families where parents - both or one of them - are alcoholics. Special literature describes cases of six- and three-year-old boys being introduced to drugs by parents who are drug addicts.

Often the only way To get rid of daily scandals, insults and humiliations, the child becomes stupefied. Children of drug addicts, and therefore almost always of very poor parents (drugs drain all funds), not only become addicted to intoxication very early, but also begin their drug-addicted lives most often with the most accessible, but very dangerous form of narcotization - with the use of household chemicals .

No less dangerous for the development of drug addiction habits of minors is the directly opposite type of family - with overprotective upbringing. In this case, the child is looked after and controlled from early childhood, his every step is monitored, without giving him the slightest opportunity to show independence. The child either turns into the idol of the family, whose real or imaginary abilities are the subject of inexhaustible admiration, or becomes the object of constant claims and demands that he is simply unable to fulfill.

Accustomed to constant control, a boy or girl easily submits to any external pressure. Falling under the influence of an asocial company, they even commit actions that in their hearts they consider wrong, bad, simply because they do not know how to refuse. In addition, such mental breakdown can lead to serious nervous breakdowns and even suicide attempts.

The drug addiction life of overprotected minors usually begins somewhat later than their underprotected peers. As a rule, this happens in adolescence - at 13-16 years. Moreover, the traditional ones here are anasha and marijuana, to begin with; sometimes household chemicals are also used. Although it happens that they start with heroin.

The attitude towards drug addicts as criminals has become stable in society. This leads to the fact that they inevitably begin to feel like criminals. Here is a letter from a guy who was kicked out of a technical school as soon as they found out that he was using drugs: “It’s only in the newspapers that they write that society wants to help us recover. But in reality they hate us...”

Of the many reasons that give rise to childhood drug addiction, let us name one more, caused by scientific and technological progress. From the most unexpected side, a seemingly harmless computer is revealed in the light of the problems of drug addiction. It is no longer possible to ignore the fact that the global information network Internet, which has entangled the planet, is actively used by the drug mafia. This is evidenced by studies conducted by specialists from the All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. After scouring the Internet for several months, they found that there was a huge amount of information related to the topic of drugs online in different languages of the world. Many Internet pages openly and cynically strive to open the way to the world of dope. You will learn from what chemicals and how to make drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues, and get a lesson in distributing the potion. They will explain to you what to do and how to behave when detained by the police.

In the Russian regional sector of the Internet, drug-related information on various sites accounts for approximately 1 to 10% of the total global flow of information on this problem, which is distributed throughout the world via Internet networks. But here’s what’s alarming: 80 information messages out of a hundred can be called nothing more than teaching aid for young people - advice is given on how to get money for “doses”, tempting prospects for the drug business are drawn, and the delights of a wide variety of drugs are described.

Thus, we have found out that the problem of drug addiction among adolescents is one of the urgent and serious problems of our time, therefore, the prevention of drug addiction should become one of the most important tasks in the work of educational institutions, and everyone should be included in this work: family, teachers, and school psychological service.

Conclusion

In the process of studying the problem of drug addiction as one of the forms of addictive behavior, we studied and analyzed a variety of psychological and medical literature, as well as literature on the prevention of drug use among children and adolescents. As a result, we came to the following conclusions.

Drug addiction is a disease that manifests itself in physical or psychological dependence from drugs, an irresistible craving for them, which gradually leads the body to physical and psychological exhaustion.

Drug addiction is one of the forms of dependent, addictive behavior. Deviant behavior in the form of use and abuse of substances that cause states of altered mental activity, mental and physical dependence on them, is one of the most common types of deviant behavior, especially among adolescents. In addition, some personality traits can contribute to drug addiction: infantilism, suggestibility and imitation, rigidity and others.

Drug addiction has social consequences. For criminal elements it is easy way making money. Drug abuse leads to increased mortality, especially among young people, and the development of a whole “bouquet” of somatic and mental illnesses.

Crimes are committed due to drug addiction, since in a state of “withdrawal” a drug addict is capable of any crime. The purchase of drugs becomes the background for the commission of a number of crimes against the person: theft, robbery, robbery. Drug addiction negatively affects offspring. Children are born with serious physical and psychological disabilities, which in turn leads to family breakdown. The drug addict degrades as a person, since his slavish dependence on drugs forces him to commit immoral acts.

Among the socio-pedagogical reasons for early drug addiction, we note the following: unfavorable microsocial conditions - unstable or single-parent families, situations of constant conflicts, in the absence of warmth and care from parents. Also predisposes to drug addiction low level motivational, emotional-volitional, intellectual development, manifested in the limited interests of a teenager, the poverty of his emotional and moral feelings, and the personality’s focus only on consumption and entertainment. Oversaturation with all available types and forms of entertainment with a constant desire for new and new thrills also plays a negative role. Bad influence are caused by the lack of significant and clear goals in life, the low social value of the aspirations of the growing personality, and a pessimistic attitude towards one’s life prospects. Particularly dangerous is the lack of a clear negative moral assessment of drug addiction and substance abuse as an extremely harmful phenomenon when there is a loss of trust in a number of significant social values. Among the “risk factors” we can name the need to set the limits of one’s capabilities, the craving for risky situations, the desire to go beyond the boundaries of what is permissible and possible.

Drug addiction today is one of the main problems of the entire world community. Almost anyone can become a victim of drug addiction, but this applies more to people young: young men, teenagers and even junior schoolchildren. Addiction to drugs turns into a tragedy for the drug addicts themselves, grief for their parents and a host of serious problems for teachers and educators. These problems, despite their seriousness and even tragedy, are very delicate and require a careful, balanced approach. This requires knowledge. Without knowledge, emotional reactions common to adults that arise when signs of drug addiction and substance abuse are detected (anger, shame, despair, fear, feelings of helplessness) can become poor helpers in finding a way out of the current situation.

In the future, we plan to continue research into the problem of drug addiction, focusing on Special attention system preventive work V educational institution, as well as determine the role and place psychological service in drug addiction prevention.

Bibliography

1. Baimukhametov, S. T. Golden dreams: Confession of drug addicts. / S. T. Baimukhametov - M.: Knowledge, 1998. - 190 p.

2. The Abyss: The Scourge of the 20th Century: Drunkenness, Drug Addiction, AIDS / Comp. S. Artyukhov; Preface Ch. Aitmatova. – M.: Mol.guard, 1988. – P.102 – 242.

3. Bezrukikh, M.M., All colors except black. Organization of pedagogical prevention of drug addiction among junior schoolchildren: A manual for teachers / M.M. Bezrukikh, A.G. Makeeva, T.A. Filippova - M.: Ventana-Graff, 2003. - 64 p.

4. Belogurov, S.B. Popular about drugs and drug addiction./S.B. Belogurov - St. Petersburg: Pioneer Publishing House LLC, 2000. - 365 p.

5. Bratus, B.S. Personality anomalies / B.S. Bratus - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 1988. - 302 p.

6. Bratus, B.S. Psychology, clinic and prevention of early alcoholism / B.S. Bratus, P.I. Sidorov - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 1984. - 144 p.

7. Brun, E.A. Introduction to anthropological narcology // Issues of narcology. – 1993. - No. 1. – P.72-78.

8. Guryeva, V.A. Psychopathology of adolescence / V.A. Guryeva, V.Ya. Semke, V.Ya. Gindikin - Tomsk, 1994. - 310 p.

9. Danilin, A.G., Heroin. Advice from doctors for teenagers and their parents./A.G. Danilin, I.V. Danilina – Nizhny Novgorod, 2001. –183 p.

10. Danilin, A.G. How to save children from drugs / A.G. Danilin, I.V. Danilina - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2000. - 342 p.

11. Eryshev, O.F. Life without drugs. / O.F. Eryshev - St. Petersburg: Pioneer Publishing House LLC; M.: Astrel Publishing House LLC: AST Publishing House LLC, 2001. – 160 p.

12. If trouble happens: methodological recommendations for teachers, psychologists, social workers, parents / Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory, State Healthcare Institution “Regional Psychiatric Hospital”, Khabarovsk. – 2009, 40 p.

13. Health-saving activities of the school: monitoring of effectiveness. Methodological recommendations for teachers and heads of educational institutions / Author-compiler Yu.V. Naumenko. – M.: Globus Publishing House, 2009. – 125 p.

14. Cool watch on the topic: “Prevention of bad habits.” 9-11 grades. Methodological manual with electronic application / Author-compiler R.A. Kostrykin. – M.: Globus, 2008. – 111 p.

15. Kolesov, D.V. Anti-drug education: Textbook. allowance. – 4th ed., rev. / D.V. Kolesov - M.: Publishing house of the Moscow Psychological and Social Institute; Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2003. - 224 p.

16. Komissarov, B.G. SOS. Drug addiction./B.G. Komissarov, A.A. Romanenko – Rostov-on-Don, 2000. – 167.

17. Kulenich, G.G. Bad habits: prevention of addictions: grades 5-7 / G.G. Kulenich - M.: VAKO, 2009. - 208 p.

18. Levin, B.M. Drug addiction and drug addicts: A book for teachers / B.M.Levin, M.B.Levin - M.: Globus, 1991. - 254 p.

19. Lichko, A.E. Adolescent drug addiction / A.E. Lichko, V.S. Bitensky - L., 1991. - 304 p.

20. Makeeva, A.G. All colors except black: pedagogical prevention of drug abuse in schoolchildren: method. manual for teachers 10-11 grades / A.G. Makeeva, ed. M.M. Bezrukikh. – M.: Education, 2005. – 64 p.

21. Mendelevich, V.D. Drug addiction and comorbid behavioral disorders (psychological and psychopathological aspects) / V.D. Mendelevich - M.: MEDpressinform, 2003. - 328 p.

22. Mendelevich, V.D. Psychiatry and narcology. Textbook aid for students higher honey. textbook institutions/V.D.Mendelevich, S.Ya.Kaztsev, E.G.Mendelevich, R.G.Sadykova/ ed. prof. V.D. Mendelevich. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2005. – 368 p.

23. Mendelevich, V.D. Mental illnesses with a course in narcology: A textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / V.D. Mendelevich, S.Ya. Kazantsev, E.G. Mendelevich, V.A. Evplov; Ed. V.D. Mendelevich. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2004. – P. 193 – 227.

24. Myths and reality // Aibolit. – 2002. – No. 24. – P.1.

25. My health. Formation of a value-based attitude towards health and prevention of HIV/AIDS in adolescents at school / author-compiler P.P. Kuchegasheva, Yu.V. Naumenko, I.V. Fedoskina; edited by Yu.V. Naumenko. – M.: Globus, 2008. – 236 p.

26. Nadezhdin, A.V. Phenomenology and psychopathology of general feeling disorders in opium addiction / A.V. Nadezhdin - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 1995. - 150 p.

27. Drug addiction in Russia: status, trends, ways to overcome: A manual for teachers and parents / Ed. ed. Doctor of Sociology sciences, prof. A.N. Garansky. – M.: Publishing house VLADOS-PRESS, 2003. – 352 p.

28. Drug addiction and drug trafficking. Questions of theory and practice of counteraction: textbook. a manual for university students studying in the specialty “Jurisprudence” / ed. S.Ya. Lebedeva. – 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: UNITY-DANA, 2008. – 319 p.

30. Drug addiction is a disaster, drug addiction is a road to nowhere! (information and methodological material for teachers, educators and parents) / Ed. AND ABOUT. Taenkova. Publishing house: Regional Youth Social Medical and Pedagogical Center, Khabarovsk. – 2007 – 52 p.

31. Features of alcohol and drug addiction in adolescents: methodological recommendations for doctors, teachers and parents / Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory, State Healthcare Institution “Regional Psychiatric Hospital”, Khabarovsk. – 2009, 24 p.

32. Beer alcoholism is a problem for young people: methodological recommendations for teachers, psychologists, social workers, parents / Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory, State Health Institution “Regional Psychiatric Hospital”, Khabarovsk. – 2009, 12 p.

33. Prevention of drug addiction in educational institutions: system of work, methodological recommendations, development of measures./ Comp. and ed. Yu.V. Naumenko. – M.: Publishing house “Globus”, 2009. – 250 p.

34. Pyatnitskaya, I.N. Drug addiction/I.N. Pyatnitskaya - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 1994. - 265 p.

35. Pyatnitskaya, I.N. Adolescent Narcology: A Guide for Doctors / I.N. Pyatnitskaya, N.G. Nadenova – M.: Medical Information Agency LLC, 2008. – 256 p.

36. Solomzes, D. Drugs and society. / D. Solomzes, V. Cheurson, G. Sokolovsky - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 1998. - 234 p.

37. Friedman, L.S. Narcology./ L.S. Friedman, N.F. Fleming, D.G. Robert, S.E. Khaiman – M.: St. Petersburg, 1998. – 289 p.

38. What you need to know about hashish addiction: guidelines for doctors and teachers / Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory, State Health Institution “Regional Psychiatric Hospital”, Khabarovsk. – 2009, 28 p.

All levels of government should pursue a more principled, more effective and deliberate policy, aimed primarily at preventing drug crimes and drug addiction among minors and youth. CONCLUSION An analysis of threats to the national security of the Russian Federation shows that the main ones, currently and in the foreseeable future, are predominantly...

Teenage drug addiction and alcoholism are becoming popular social problems that not so much children have to cope with as their parents. and are dependencies of a similar nature. Some teenagers are addicted to alcohol, while others are addicted to drugs. In both cases, it is necessary to consider the causes of the problem and carry out prevention.

Statistics from the website for psychotherapeutic help show that about 56% of guys and 20% of girls have tried chemicals aimed at changing the state of consciousness. Some people stopped immediately, while others tried other substances.

Teenage drug addiction in fact becomes a problem only for parents and the whole society. At the same time, the teenager himself does not see anything wrong in his actions. The fact is that alcohol and drugs are unique attributes adult life, which allow the teenager to show his independence. There are many reasons for teenage drug addiction, so this will be discussed in more detail below.

What is teenage drug addiction?

Teenage drug addiction is when a guy or girl becomes addicted to drugs. Here we are talking not so much about the desire to “try”, but about developed addiction, when a teenager “cannot” live without doping.

Teenage drug addiction is becoming a pattern in many cases. This is facilitated by certain reasons that arise in the lives of many children. But the following should be noted: the reasons for drug addicts are almost all the same, only these same factors also occur in many other children who are not drug addicts. In other words, whether a teenager becomes a drug addict or not is already his choice, which is made on the basis of habitual forms of thinking and reaction. All children face problems in their lives. But not everyone becomes a drug addict because of this.

It's called drug addiction. A person can either degrade or progress. Standing still is almost impossible because it feels like dying. There are people who actually die while still alive. They are bored, nothing makes them happy, they do not strive for anything, nothing interests them - all these are signs that a person has actually died in his mind, in his soul, in his thoughts.

But let's get back to that a large number people who are actually degenerating, thinking that they are progressing. Only a few actually progress. Most of them have either died or are deteriorating. What is the main indicator that you are progressing or deteriorating? Your quality of life. Have you achieved your goals? Have you made your wishes come true? Are you satisfied with your life? Can you be proud of yourself?

If your quality of life matches your expectations of how you should live, then you are progressing. But if you are dissatisfied with your life, you fight like a fish against ice, something doesn’t suit you, then your usual actions lead to degradation. You want to progress, but in reality you are deteriorating. And an indicator of this is the quality of your life and your satisfaction with it.

One of the types of degradation of modern society is the habit of “stepping on the throat of your song.” People constantly give in, obey someone, listen not to themselves, but to the opinions of others. As long as you live according to the orders of other people, you degrade. While you are trying to improve relationships with others by trying to please them, do only good things for them, give in, etc., you are thereby “stepping on the throat of your song.” You do not live your life, but subordinate it to the will of other people. It is not you who decide what kind of person to be and how to live, but other people tell you in which direction to move. But such a sacrificial state does not lead you to progress. Why? Because when you are alone with yourself, you realize that you are unhappy and not happy with your life. And these are indicators that you are actually doing everything to degrade.

Causes of teenage drug addiction

It is very important to understand why teenage drug addiction occurs. The reasons are important not only for specialists who are trying to help children recover, but also for their parents and the sick themselves. Understand what is happening to your child so as not to provoke his addiction or stop in time.

The causes of teenage drug addiction are:

Unfavorable family situation. Moreover, we are talking about an environment in which it is difficult for a child to be. He prefers to leave home and not be with his family, because it is difficult for him to get along with relatives. If it is easier for a child to be away from home, he will be more prone to drug addiction or alcoholism.
or with peers at school. Frequent arguments, quarrels and scandals will cause tension within the teenager, who will tend to look for a way to relax.
The emergence of difficulties that the teenager is forced to solve himself, while there is no developed responsibility. In other words, the teenager wants to be independent, but cannot, because he does not have the appropriate volitional qualities.
Irresponsibility. Every teenager makes his own decision whether to use drugs or not. This decision is influenced by his sense of responsibility for his own life and health. If there is no sense of responsibility, then the child becomes addicted to drugs.
Copying adult behavior. A teenager simply wants to seem like an adult, so he copies the behavior of those he is trying to be like. If these “role models” drink or use drugs, then the child will also resort to these substances in order to seem like an adult.
A tribute to the general movement. If a teenager is part of a group that uses drugs or drinks alcohol, then they will not be able to give up those substances in order to continue to be part of that group.
Interest. Teenagers are sometimes just interested in trying everything. They try everything that was previously forbidden to them and that belongs to the adult world that they wish to enter.
Lack of self-realization. When a teenager does not have qualities and behavior patterns that would help him achieve success that is relevant for him today, then he resorts to substitutes.
Mental disorders. Various psychical deviations also influence the choices of adolescents.
Problems in the family, absence of one of the parents, love or attention from adults. The emergence of addictions in the younger generation is attributed to a lack of proper education.
Underdevelopment of adolescents. Already at this age, adolescents consider themselves adults, but continue to remain infantile, dependent, dependent on their parents and inadequate in their reactions and emotional state.

The problem of teenage drug addiction

In fact, teenage drug addiction, like alcoholism and substance abuse, is a problem in modern society, where adults are mostly focused on solving material problems, and teenagers are left to their own devices. The lack of mutual understanding between parents leads to the fact that teenagers find solace in the environment where they feel comfortable. There are continuous problems in the family and at school, and friends with whom you can have a good time, gain respect, talk about pleasant topics and try all the “adult” and “forbidden” drugs become the most authoritative and dear ones.

Teenagers seem infantile and helpless in the eyes of their own parents, but are already old enough and capable of taking responsibility for their actions, according to strangers. The teenager is really on the border of the transition from childhood to adulthood. Exactly on at this stage he begins to intensively copy the actions, habits and character of adults whom he admires and wants to be like.

Adolescence is often marked by the beginning of the development of the habit of drinking alcohol, smoking and even dabbling in drugs. Every habit has its own reason. What reasons can be identified for the emergence of teenage drug addiction?

Interest. Children are interested in leading the same lifestyle as adults. Society is not known for its sobriety and ability to control drug use. Children simply copy adults, which for the most part lies on the conscience of the adults themselves. If men and women lived a healthy lifestyle, emphasizing that this is one of the determining factors of an adult, then teenagers would not use drugs. Often, ordinary interest subsides over time. If a teenager is not addicted to drugs, then after 5-10 years he will give up the bad habit.
Psychological problems, often starting from childhood. These problems are related to the parents (or guardians who raised the child). Children who have been subjected to violence, physical beatings, and humiliation often become drug addicts in adulthood. Psychologists explain this fact the inability of the psyche to cope with the psychological trauma inflicted by parents. The child is not able to defend himself, protect himself and rationally analyze the situation. He completely trusts his life to his parents, who ruin it with their violent actions. The inability of the psyche to cope with stress forces one to look for ways out of the situation.
Pathology of a brain that does not receive pleasure. It can be congenital or acquired as a result of dictatorial or violent upbringing. A teenager is not able to enjoy natural joys, so he looks for methods to achieve happiness. Alcohol or drugs affect the brain, causing the release of hormones of happiness and calmness. The lack of other sources of joy leads to alcoholism or drug addiction.
Lack of individuality. If a child is constantly suppressed, punished for expressing his “I” (individuality), his protests and words “no” are not heard, then he learns to live at the behest of other people. In the company of friends or acquaintances, it is impossible to refuse people who offer to indulge in drugs. The loss of one's own individuality leads to drug addiction.

The reasons considered make us think about raising children. Moms, dads and society as a whole set an example of what kind of men and women it takes to be considered adults. Harsh upbringing measures leave trauma in the psyche of the child, who is now looking for various ways to escape problems, complexes and fears. Also important are the genetic data that parents pass on to their children during conception and gestation. We can talk about the responsibility of parents and society as a whole for how children grow up. If adult uncles and aunts did not use, then children would not try to imitate them and would not become drug addicts in adolescence.

Prevention of drug addiction among teenagers

Fighting drug addiction and helping existing drug addicts is not prevention, but treatment. What will be the prevention of teenage drug addiction? Here we will highlight the following aspects:

Proper parenting.
The teenager has interests in life.
Developing respect for one’s body and health in a teenager.

Perhaps, these factors will already protect him from those situations when those around him will offer him drugs, and he will make his choice.

Bottom line

Teenage drug addiction is a common phenomenon due to the lack in children of those qualities, aspirations and views on the world that would stop them from the addiction every time. Of course, parents would like to relieve themselves of responsibility for the development of drug addiction in their children. However, running away from your mistakes does not help in solving the problem.

Teen drug addiction is not an isolated phenomenon, it represents a problem of the family, the individual himself and the social environment as a whole. It is because of this that the prevention of such a terrible disaster is based on an integrated, comprehensive approach. Drug addiction in adolescence is characterized by specific features. Today, the fundamental problem of drug addiction in society lies not only in the addiction, but in the fashion for taking various means causing addiction. Indeed, unfortunately, for today's teenagers, the use of narcotic drugs has become a kind of tradition. Statistics on teenage drug addiction state that 20% of girls and 56% of teenagers belonging to stronger sex, have used narcotic substances at least once.

Childhood drug addiction is characterized by a close relationship directly with the transitional stage of completing the period of childhood carelessness and entering adulthood. The young man suddenly has to make his own decisions and take responsibility for them. As a result, if parents were unable to instill responsibility in a teenager, then teenage addiction may be much closer to them than they would like. It has been established that teenage alcoholism and drug addiction are the result of the teenage desire to appear older. Unfortunately, drug addiction among teenagers today is a unique opportunity to show their own “coolness” and keep up with their comrades.

Causes of teenage drug addiction

Most violations in the behavior of minors (except for cases of mental illness) are caused by improper parenting. Often parents are completely uncritical of their own parenting models. They often blame this bad habit either against the teenager himself, or against his comrades who allegedly turned him on.

Teenage alcoholism and drug addiction have long become social problems. The increase in the number of alcoholics and drug addicts among teenagers creates the preconditions for a social threat on a global scale. According to the World Health Organization, alcoholism and drug addiction are the third leading causes of death. Statistics on teenage drug addiction and alcoholism indicate that 80% of adults suffering from alcoholism or drug addiction began their destructive “career” in puberty.

There are many factors that provoke teenagers to experiment with taking various drugs, but in general two large groups can be distinguished.

Personality disorders and mental illnesses of a teenager, as a result of which he is not able to realize himself in any way other than drinking alcoholic beverages or using drugs, are classified in the first group. During puberty, adolescents can be susceptible to a variety of mental illnesses. Moreover, some of these ailments are first discovered precisely in the transition period, due to the fact that hormonal changes in the body occur, provoking an exacerbation hidden diseases and the emergence of new ones. Other diseases are congenital in nature and may become more pronounced during the period of restructuring of the body. For example, it is a congenital personality disorder from which the individual and society suffer. Such congenital disorders or acquired character anomalies lead to disharmonious personality formation and upset its social adaptation.

Of great importance for the formation of behavior disorder in a teenager suffering from the above-mentioned anomalies is the unfavorable influence of the environment, for example, lack of education.

If no one in the family is involved in correcting the child’s abnormal behavior, due to the fact that parents are more interested in drinking or they are only concerned with financial support, if a teenager is brought up in an atmosphere of constant scandals or in an incomplete family, then accentuations or psychopathic character anomalies only intensify. Character accentuation refers to individual, pronounced traits that are not yet pathological. Accentuations seem to be the border between normality and psychopathy. In general, variations in character accentuations are similar to psychopathic traits (excitability, hysteria, etc.), but all the features do not appear so sharply. Also, with accentuation, a serious disturbance is not observed, as with psychopathy.

And borderline mental underdevelopment can also contribute to early drug addiction and alcohol consumption. Such teenagers are not able to correctly assess the consequences of their own actions, they are easily suggestible, as a result of which they fall under the influence of their environment and are more susceptible to negative influences than positive ones. All this forms fertile ground for imitation by peers who have been found to abuse alcohol and drugs.
Also, teenagers who are prone to taking drugs may also have severe mental illnesses, such as: or. They are expressed in mental abnormalities that create the foundation for the use of alcoholic beverages and drugs.

Specific behavioral features belong to the second group of factors that provoke adolescents to overuse alcohol or drugs. Adolescence has its own specific behavioral traits, which make it difficult for a child to resist negative influences.

The puberty period is characterized by specific reactions to external influences various directions and disturbances in behavioral function that may be observed in healthy children, or may be a manifestation of an existing mental illness. Often, such disorders are inherent in young people with various character accentuations or psychopathy.

Adolescent drug and substance abuse, as a rule, is a consequence of behavioral disorders. Most of today's teenagers are accelerators in physical development, but many of them remain infantile in their behavioral reactions and emotional manifestations. In other words, outwardly they look fully formed, adults, but their behavior and emotional response remains at the level of a child. They have a predominance of children's interests and variability of emotional manifestations, immaturity of mental functions, susceptibility to negative influences, a tendency to copy the behavior of significant persons, carelessness, frivolity, inability to correctly evaluate the fruits of their own actions, an immature sense of responsibility, along with tall growth and apparent “adulthood.” .

Such teenagers are not always able to critically evaluate themselves and own actions. They strive for independence, but cannot provide for themselves financially, as a result of which they depend on relatives. And in the school environment they have to obey the demands of teachers. Therefore, they strive to compensate for their own dependence outside the school walls and home environment, in teenage groups, where everyone is focused on demonstrating to their comrades their own “coolness” and gaining “authority” using the methods and means available to them. Such methods will certainly be popular in this particular group, but will differ significantly from the requirements put forward by the school and parents.

The problem of teenage drug addiction

Today, drug addiction among teenagers is serious problem, which must be countered at all stages of its occurrence, starting with the elimination of illicit drug trafficking and ending with preventive work in educational institutions and families. Unfortunately, the prevention of teenage drug addiction is ineffective in practice. Since at a certain stage of adolescent development, the peer environment has a greater impact than the adult environment. And while for children taking drugs will represent the manifestation of independence and their own “coolness,” the situation with drug addiction in the world will not change.

Teenage drug addiction and substance abuse in society has acquired a clearly negative and rejecting attitude, which is associated with ignorance and misunderstanding of such a phenomenon as drug addiction. in the face of the unknown, and therefore frightening, anxiety for children, fear of the drug mafia, terrifying statistics, established stereotypes - all this together leads to sharp reactions of rejection in society and the expulsion of teenage drug addicts by society. A teenager, rejected by the family, the group of peers and expelled by society, finds himself at the top of the abyss. And the only environment where he is accepted without accusations or rejection is an environment with a dominant culture based on the consumption of narcotic or other psychoactive substances. Survival from the so-called “normal” society condemns a teenage drug addict to existence in an environment that, psychologically, destroys more intensely than narcotic substances, but outside of which he is no longer able to live. In a similar way, a special subculture of drug addicts is organized with characteristic principles of life, ideology, value system, speech, attributes, and myths.

Drug addiction in adolescence has become a tragedy engulfing the entire world today. Unfortunately, it is an integral part of existence. Therefore, it is necessary to understand that the consequences of teenage drug addiction are the degradation of society, which will ultimately lead to the extinction of humanity. Condemnation and public rejection of teenage drug addicts will not solve the problem of drug addiction among the younger generation.

Prevention of drug addiction among teenagers

Over the past century, drug addiction has moved from a phenomenon that was the subject of study in psychiatry to the category of so-called diseases of society and has become a general social problem. Therefore, the most important task of modern society is the prevention of teenage drug addiction. However, it is a mistake to believe that only society should fight such a phenomenon.

Prevention of teenage drug addiction, assistance to adolescent drug addicts, counteracting it terrible illness is the task of every member of society. After all, the consequences of teenage drug addiction affect not only the families who have suffered this terrible misfortune, but also their surroundings.

The main objectives of the psychological approach and pedagogical influence in the field of drug addiction prevention lie in the formation of an adequate level of youth, the development of communication interaction skills and the ability to withstand peer pressure, adaptation to changing circumstances and the formation of social flexibility.

Prevention of teenage drug addiction consists of carrying out a set of measures of a political, economic and legal nature, social, medical, pedagogical, cultural, physical education and health-improving, which are aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of such a terrible phenomenon as drug addiction.

Treatment for adolescent drug addiction should be:

— individualized, taking into account all the characteristics of the patient, which include personal characteristics, type of drug, social conditions, etc.;

- long and continuous;

— complex;

- focused on complete abstinence from the use of any psychoactive substances, including alcohol.

Treatment of adolescent drug addiction directly depends on the time of detection and promptness of initiation of therapy. Timely detection is the task of the adult environment of adolescents, especially teachers and parents.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Current problems of teenage drug addiction. Features of teenage drug addiction, its causes and trends

Causes of drug addiction in teenagers

Signs of drug addiction in teenagers

Prevention of drug addiction among adolescents

What is teenage drug addiction?

Causes of teenage drug addiction

The problem of teenage drug addiction

Prevention of drug addiction among teenagers

Bottom line

Causes of teenage drug addiction

The problem of teenage drug addiction

Prevention of drug addiction among teenagers

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar documents