Piracetam for the elderly Piracetam tablets instructions for use for children. In what form is Piracetam produced?

In this article, you can read the instructions for use medicinal product Piracetam. Reviews of site visitors - consumers are presented this medicine, as well as the opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Piracetam in their practice. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Piracetam analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for treatment vascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and pressure in adults, children (including newborns), as well as during pregnancy and lactation. The action of the drug.

What is this medicine

In Russia and a number of other countries, Piracetam is used in practice for the treatment of psychiatric, neurological and other diseases. Under the action of the drug, ATP in the brain tissue increases, glycolytic processes are activated. According to studies, the drug improves brain function in case of oxygen starvation.

Drug group

Pharmacotherapeutic group: nootropic agent.

International generic name: piracetam

Brand Name: Piracetam

Latin name: Piracetamum

Compound

The main component of the drug is piracetam, the amount of content in 1 tablet is 200 mg. Contents of other components:

• Copovidone.
• Polyethylene glycol.
• Hydroxypropylcellulose.
• Titanium dioxide.
• Polydextrose.
• iron oxide.
• Iron oxide yellow and red.
• Intermediate triglycerides.

Mechanism of action and properties

Pharmacology

Pharmacological action - nootropic.

Main characteristic

Piracetam is a nootropic that works directly on the brain to improve cognitive processes such as learning and mental performance, memory and concentration. The effect of the drug on the central nervous system is carried out in several ways: improving in nerve cells metabolic processes, by changing the rate of propagation of excitation in the brain, improving microcirculation, does not cause a vasodilating effect when exposed to the rheological characteristics of the blood.

In the brain, it improves blood flow and improves connections between the hemispheres. The drug reduces the adhesion of red blood cells and restores their elasticity, blocks platelet aggregation.

Due to hypoxia, it restores impaired brain functions. Piracetam, according to experimental data, enhances the effects of antidepressants and, when used together, can increase their effectiveness. Also, according to the PASS study, the effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke has not been proven.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic profile of the drug is linear and does not depend on time. 3 days after the start of administration in the blood plasma, a constant concentration of the drug is reached.

How long does it take for the drug to work? The effect occurs 30 minutes after absorption of the drug from the digestive tract. Accumulation in the brain tissue occurs after 4 hours. The same time is required for half-life from the body. Takes a little longer to come out cerebrospinal fluid, up to 8.5 hours. Not metabolized in the body.

What is output?

90% of the drug is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The half-life can be increased due to insufficient kidney function. The kinetics of Piracetam does not change in patients with hepatic insufficiency.

Effect on the kidneys. Since the drug is excreted by the kidneys, it is important to exercise caution during the course of therapy in patients with renal insufficiency. In the case of the final stage, the drug is contraindicated. If you need to take the medicine for a long time, you need to monitor the functioning of the kidneys.

Effect on the liver. In patients with impaired liver function, dose adjustment is not required.

Indications

What does Piracetam treat? Why do narcologists, neurologists and psychiatrists prescribe the drug?

According to the instructions, the drug can be prescribed in such cases:

• dizziness, imbalance, headaches due to poor circulation;
• intoxication and hypoxia, concussion and trauma;
• bad memory, inattention.

From what Piracetam also helps, not everyone knows. In addition to the above, the benefits of the drug were noted in the following cases:

• used in complex treatment drug addiction and alcoholism;
• in case of poisoning with sleeping pills;
• used for depression, apathy and other mental illnesses.

What else do you need Piracetam for?

• for the treatment of epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's;
• hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Release form

The most frequently prescribed dosage form- 200 mg tablets. However, the drug is produced in other forms:

• capsules 400 mg;
• tablets 200 mg and 400 mg;
• solution for injections 20% (1 g of piracetam in 1 ampoule for injections);
• granules for children for the preparation of a solution.

To the question what better pills or capsules, there is no exact answer. Both forms of the drug are absorbed through digestive tract, however, in this case, the capsules dissolve faster.

Choosing between tablets and ampoules, if an intensive recovery method is required brain activity preference is given to injections. In this way, the drug penetrates the tissues faster, bypassing the digestive tract.

Instructions for use

How to take or inject?

The tablets are intended for oral administration. It is taken whole, without chewing, washed down with a large volume of water. According to the approved annotation of the injection manufacturer, the drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. In the first case, glucose or sodium chloride solution is used as a solvent.

The dosage for adults when taking tablets is 30-160 mg per 1 kg of body weight 2-4 times a day. Dosage for children in the range of 30-50 mg per 1 kg of body weight 2-3 times a day. The minimum course of therapy is 3 weeks. If necessary, the doctor can adjust the dosage and period of use of the drug. The maximum daily dose for children is 1800 mg.

The dosage for injection is:

• psychoorganic syndrome - 2-4 g per day, it is possible to increase the dose to 6 g. Treatment is prescribed for up to 15 days;
• after a stroke - 4.8 g per day for up to 15 days;
• alcohol withdrawal syndrome - 2.4 g per day for up to 15 days;
• sickle cell anemia - 160 mg / kg, during a crisis - intravenously 300 mg / kg. The same dosage is acceptable for children after 1 year.

Side effect

Possible negative reactions for Piracetam:

• CNS: dizziness, imbalance, insomnia, headache;
• psyche: depression, anxiety, nervousness, hallucinations;
• immunity: hypersensitivity to the drug, anaphylaxis;
• digestive tract: indigestion, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain;
• skin: dermatitis, rashes, itching, urticaria;
• blood: clotting disorder.

Among the others adverse reactions possible weight gain, increased blood pressure, excessive sweating. Injectable forms can cause a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in body temperature.

Contraindications

It is forbidden to treat the drug with:

• hypersensitivity to piracetam or pyrrolidone;
• psychomotor agitation;
• Huntington's disease;
• children's age up to 3 years;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• kidney failure(final stage).

Use in children

Children from birth can already be prescribed this drug. It can be included in the complex treatment of postpartum trauma and hypoxia. The use is also justified for enuresis, oligophrenia, dropsy of the brain, developmental delay.

What helps the drug for older children? Mostly children over 5 years old take medicine for attention deficit disorder, dyslexia. Helps children increase the speed of assimilation of information in the learning process.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Penetration of the active substance occurs through the placental barrier. In newborns, plasma concentration reaches 70-90% of that in the mother. During pregnancy, you should stop taking Piracetam.

Active substance penetrates through breast milk. At the time of breastfeeding, the drug is contraindicated, otherwise it is worth interrupting the feeding process.

Use in the elderly

The drug can be prescribed to pensioners as a preventive measure for many diseases, in senile psychosis and dementia, in the treatment coronary disease reduces the need for nitroglycerin.

Driving a car and other mechanisms

At the time of taking the drug, it is necessary to drive vehicles with caution and engage in other activities where increased attention is needed.

Do you need a prescription

The drug from pharmacies is dispensed by prescription.

Compatibility with other drugs

Piracetam is often prescribed in complex treatment. At drug interaction with antidepressants, psychostimulants and cardiac drugs, Piracetam enhances their effect.

It is not recommended to use the drug and hormones together thyroid gland because side effects are possible. In the complex treatment of epilepsy, the abolition of anticonvulsant drugs is contraindicated, since Piracetam is able to lower the threshold for convulsive activity.

Alcohol compatibility

Alcohol in itself is harmful, and in case of diseases it is completely contraindicated. The consequences of taking the drug and alcohol are unpredictable. Ethyl can both enhance the effect of the drug and reduce its therapeutic effect.

Some are wondering if Piracetam and alcohol are compatible. Although the drug may be prescribed for withdrawal syndrome, it is not compatible with alcohol. You can start taking the medicine 10-12 hours after drinking alcohol.

Analogues of the drug Piracetam

Structural analogues for the active substance:

• Lucetam;
• Memotropil;
• Nootobril;
• Nootropil;
• Noocetam;
• Pirabene;
• Pyramem;
• Pyratropil;
• Piracetam Bufus;
• Piracetam MS;
• Piracetam Obolensky;
• Piracetam Vial;
• Piracetam Ratiopharm;
• Piracetam Richter;
• Piracetam Eskom;
• stamin;
• Cerebril;
• Escotropil.

In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases that the corresponding drug helps with and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

Instruction

"Piracetam" is prescribed for the treatment neurological diseases caused by violation cerebral circulation. The manifestations of the disease can be different: from mild dizziness to decreased attention and

In addition, the drug is used

in psychiatry

in the complex treatment of neurosis and depression. In narcology

medicine

used for chronic

alcohol poisoning

barbiturates or ethanol, as well as withdrawal symptoms. In pediatric practice, Piracetam is recommended

at a delay

development, cerebral palsy, poor learning.

For the treatment of neurological diseases, drink 2

pills

"Piracetam" three times a day. The effect of treatment, as a rule, is manifested only by the end of 2-3 weeks of admission. From now on, halve the dose (1

tablet

three times a day) and continue therapy for 2-6 months.

For treatment mental illness start therapy with a small dose (1 tablet 3 times a day). After a week, increase the dosage to 2-3 tablets per dose. After 2-3 weeks, return to the original regimen and stick to it for six months. If necessary, take a two-month break at the end of treatment and repeat the course.

For a child under 5, give half

pills

(no more than 200 mg per dose). A child over 5 years old - a whole tablet. Multiplicity of reception - 3-4 times a day for 2-3 months. Stop the drug gradually.

Take the tablets with plenty of liquid. Take Piracetam only after meals.

When there is increased irritability,

insomnia

Dyspepsia, consult your doctor for dose adjustment. As a rule, such a reaction occurs when daily dose at 4-5 years

Stop treatment if allergic.

Sources:

• how to take piracetam

How to drink "Piracetam"

Many of those who are familiar with impaired cerebral circulation, memory impairment or other brain functions have taken Piracetam. From what it still helps, they know, however, not everyone. And this is a long-known nootropic drug that helps with many disorders in the brain. It is prescribed to the elderly as a preventive measure, to children to improve memory and behavior correction, to alcoholics and drug addicts in the treatment of withdrawal symptoms. The drug is fairly harmless and well tolerated. But self-medication is still dangerous for them, so those who try to take Piracetam on the advice of friends should know everything about the contraindications and side effects of the drug. And it’s better to consult a doctor anyway, since this medicine is not a panacea, and it is quite possible that another drug is needed for treatment, and not Piracetam.

The action of the drug

1. The active substance of the drug reduces blood viscosity and thus improves blood circulation and microcirculation.

2. "Piracetam" accelerates the spread of nerve impulses in the brain and improves communication between the hemispheres.

3. Improves memory, concentration and mental performance.

4. Restores brain function after electric shock, intoxication and hypoxia, helps with traumatic brain injury.

5. Improves metabolism in the brain, especially the absorption and excretion of glucose, stimulates redox processes.

6. Increases the content of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.

Indications for the use of the drug

When is Piracetam prescribed? Instructions for use of the 200 mg tablet recommends taking in such cases:

Headaches, dizziness and balance disorders caused by deterioration of cerebral circulation;

Trauma and concussion, hypoxia and intoxication;

Deterioration of memory and concentration, impaired mood and gait;

Senile psychosis and dementia caused by various diseases.

In the treatment of coronary heart disease in elderly patients, it reduces the need for nitroglycerin;

In the complex treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction;

In case of poisoning with alcohol and potent sleeping pills;

For the treatment of depression, apathy, sluggish schizophrenia and others mental complications"Piracetam" is also successfully used.

What else does this drug treat:

From epilepsy, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease;

From atherosclerosis and hypertension.

"Piracetam" for children

The drug can be prescribed to babies from birth. It is included in the complex treatment of hypoxia and the consequences of birth injuries. It is used for dropsy of the brain, children's cerebral palsy, oligophrenia, enuresis and developmental delay. But most often for children after 5 years, "Piracetam" helps in the complex treatment of dyslexia, attention deficit disorder. It helps to improve the learning process, as it improves memory and the speed of assimilation of information. In a study of children from 3 to 15 years old who took Piracetam, it is noted that they became less tired, completed tasks faster and learned information better. But you need to carefully calculate the dose of the drug, as it can cause hyperactivity, anxiety and even aggressiveness in children. "Piracetam" is also prescribed for injuries and concussions of the brain. In addition, taking the drug helps adolescents to adapt to the team and correct inappropriate behavior.

In what form is Piracetam produced?

Instructions for use of the 200 mg tablet recommend most often. But the industry produces the drug in many other forms:

Capsules "Piracetam" contain 400 mg of active ingredient;

20% solution for injection (one ampoule of the drug contains one gram of "Piracetam");

Granules for the preparation of infant suspension or syrup.

Drug analogues

Sometimes, for the same diseases, doctors prescribe a more expensive drug, Nootropil. But if you read the instructions, it becomes clear that this is the same Piracetam, only of a different production. In addition, such drugs as Lucetam, Memotropil, Oxiracetam, Piramem, Apagan and many others are analogues and synonyms of the drug. More and more drugs are being produced in this group of nootropics, but it is Piracetam that remains the most popular among doctors and patients.

Instructions for use

Tablets of 200 mg are usually taken in four pieces three times a day. But this is at the beginning of treatment, later the dose can be halved. The course of treatment usually ranges from two weeks to two months, but if necessary, it can be extended up to six months. True, then you need to take a break for a couple of months. You need to drink the drug in tablets or capsules before meals, drinking plenty of water. But the liquid form of the drug can be mixed with tea or fruit juice. In what maximum dose Can I take Piracetam? Instructions for the use of injections intravenously recommends doing in especially severe cases at a dosage of up to 12 grams per day. When the condition improves, they switch to oral administration medicines. More often it is more convenient to take Piracetam capsules (400 mg). Usually 1-2 capsules are needed, as opposed to tablets, which need to be taken 3-4 at a time. In general, "Piracetam" is such a drug, the dosage of which is calculated not only depending on the age and condition of the patient. Various diseases require different doses of medication. Therefore, only a doctor can prescribe the drug. For example, often the treatment regimen is to gradually increase the dose during the first two weeks of administration, then reduce it.

Special instructions for taking the drug

When ingested, "Piracetam" quickly penetrates into various organs, and in the brain its highest concentration is observed approximately a couple of hours after taking the drug. He stays the longest in spinal cord, and is practically not metabolized by other organs. Piracetam is excreted by the kidneys. Therefore, it is worth constantly monitoring the indicators of their functions, as well as the state of the liver. You also need to know that this medicine has a stimulating effect. Therefore, it is desirable last appointment do not later than 17 hours, otherwise the patient will not be able to fall asleep, taking Piracetam in the evening. The daily dose in this case is divided into two doses.

How does Piracetam work with other medications?

Very often this drug is used in complex treatment. Often even patients do not know what "Piracetam" is prescribed for. But the question of the advisability of combining drugs can only be decided by a doctor. At simultaneous reception several drugs "Piracetam" enhances the effect of psychostimulants, antidepressants and cardiac drugs. It is not recommended to use it together with thyroid hormones, because there is a high risk of developing side effects. And during the complex treatment of epilepsy, anticonvulsants cannot be canceled, since Piracetam can lower the threshold for convulsive readiness.

Can everyone drink Piracetam?

With acute renal failure;

Sick diabetes, especially in childhood;

At allergic reactions for certain foodstuffs;

With hemorrhagic stroke;

With severe hypertension;

After extensive surgical interventions;

Women who are breastfeeding a child.

Side effects from taking the drug

"Piracetam" can sometimes cause and unpleasant complications. It happens most often in children old age or with the wrong dosage of the drug - more than 5 grams per day. Since this is a long-term medicine, it is sometimes difficult to understand that Piracetam caused negative phenomena. Side effects may be like this:

Mental excitement, irritability, imbalance and fussiness;

Sleep disturbance, anxiety, convulsions and weakness;

Decreased appetite, abdominal pain, upset stool, nausea or vomiting;

Dizziness and headaches;

Deterioration of the condition in patients with angina pectoris;

Skin itching, and at the injection site - severe pain;

Increase in body weight.

Sometimes the ability to concentrate may also decrease, so it is not recommended to drive vehicles during treatment.

In most cases, to get rid of these symptoms, it is enough just to reduce the dose of the drug, rarely when you need to stop taking the drug altogether.

Feedback on the reception of "Piracetam"

Despite the fact that in last years many nootropic drugs, most doctors still prefer to prescribe Piracetam to their patients. What is it most often prescribed for? If the patient complains of frequent headaches, dizziness, apathy, memory disorder and bad mood, Piracetam will help him. Elderly people speak positively about taking the drug, noting that they began to feel calmer, their memory and coordination of movements improved. The high effectiveness of the drug is also indicated by its frequent use in narcology. One of the main drugs for the treatment alcohol intoxication And drug addiction is Piracetam. Instructions for the use of injections recommends doing not only when removing from hard drinking, but also to reduce cravings for alcohol. There are also positive reviews about the use of the drug in pediatrics. "Piracetam" helps children with disorders of brain function to learn better and adapt in society. Often the drug is taken by students before the session in order to better absorb the information for the exam. And this application is also effective. And since the drug has low toxicity, it rarely can harm. But still it is better to consult a doctor so that he chooses the right dosage.

Hello. Welcome to the CLEVERMIND.RU project. Objective of the project - maximum development of human mental abilities, by any means. There is still a lot of work to be done interesting topics which we will share with you. In each article or issue, we will try to tell complex medical terms most intelligible and understandable. Recall that our project does not encourage you to use nootropics, without your active action in terms of brain development, no drug will help.
Let's start with such a tasty topic as " Piracetam". Everyone loves various “miracle pills”, because human laziness is limitless. You will learn: what kind of drug it is, how it works and when it is effective, what effects and when to expect.

A little history of piracetam

Almost all medicines are created to treat some kind of disease. Piracetam appeared back in 1973, the drug was positioned as a medicine for the treatment of the brain, namely: for circulatory disorders, memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, etc.

Unfortunately, for sick people, the drug, for the most part, turned out to be a placebo, a “dummy”. But it was the first of its kind Nootropic. That is, a drug that potentially improves the functioning of the brain, and we will prove that it is effective. Refers to pyrrolidone derivatives.

How does piracetam work?

Ideally, to understand the work of piracetam, you need to understand how the brain works in principle. What we will write about in the following articles.
So, there is such a word, which is still terrible for you - “acetylcholine”. This is a neurotransmitter, that is, it is involved in the transmission of impulses in different nerve cells, and begins to be produced in response to learning or new experience. Roughly speaking, when you read this, your eyes transmit a signal through receptors to your brain, and the person who produces less acetylcholine will absorb information less.

If there is a significant lack of acetylcholine, then again, Alzheimer's disease and memory lapses. Acetylcholine is responsible in learning, memory formation, sensory perception, muscle movement and many other tasks. So, piracetam improves the functioning of neurotransmitters, in particular, Acetylcholine, and thus participates in the processes of memory and development. Or, scientifically speaking, piracetam works as a positive allosteric modulator of acetylcholine and enhances the action of acetylcholine on receptors.

We also note other neurotransmitters: dopamine, glutamate. We will not dive into them yet, let's just say that they are responsible for learning, mood and concentration of attention in focus. Piracetam has the same effect on them as it does on acetylcholine. That is why the instructions for piracetam say "Enhances the effect of psychostimulants."
Piracetam is excreted by the kidneys after 4-7 hours.

Is piracetam effective?

Our author's subjective answer is yes.
But! We, represented by the authors of clevermind.ru, believe that it is effective when there is brain stimulation, in other words, when you read / draw / think / study / solve problems, etc. These actions are needed to “launch acetylcholine”, otherwise piracetam will have no effect on anyone. If you shoot an ordinary man with steroids, put him on the couch and expect him, without making any effort, to reach the level of a professional bodybuilder, this is at least stupid. And now remember, on whom most of the studies of piracetam were conducted - on sick and elderly people. Do you really think they were learning something at the same time? Most likely it was watching TV or reading newspapers, there was no serious load on the brain - there was no acetylcholine either.

Dosage, side effects, safety, how much to drink piracetam.

This nootropic is relatively safe, needless to say, lethal dose piracetam more than 0.5 kg. Salt, in this context, is more dangerous. Typically, piracetam is taken at a dosage of 800 mg in the morning, 800 mg in the afternoon, 400-800 mg in the evening. Some increase these figures by 1.5-2 times. The course of admission is 1.5-2 months, then the same break, but which can be replaced by another class of nootropics. In case of renal insufficiency, taking piracetam is not desirable.

What will be the effect?

It is difficult to feel it, due to the fact that it acts in an increasing way. It will seem to you that “it does not work, I have always been like this”, but it is not. More specifically, you will cram more information into yourself than usual, and, in addition to this, you will be interested in many things due to dopamine, which will also be more. It is very convenient to learn languages, read books, etc.

When to expect the effect?

Piracetam has a cumulative effect. Expect the effect in 2 weeks. But the plus is that after the end of the reception, you will not return to the starting point, for about 1 month the effect will remain.

Help for piracetam

The general principle of operation is as follows: enhances the effect of acetylcholine, which affects learning, improves the efficiency of acetylcholine. It is logical to assume that "and if not only affect acetylcholine, but also increase it physically, will I become a megamind?". In part, this is true - the effect will be better. How to make more acetylcholine? Lecithin! Common dietary supplement. Lecithin contains choline, which under the influence of vitamin B5 becomes acetylcholine! You can also take a DMAE supplement, this is an improved lecithin.

And finally, about the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier is the thing that keeps you from finally polluting your budding brain, it keeps poisons and toxins out of your gray matter. And Lecithin passes it well, therefore, if this supplement is also taken, try to lead healthy lifestyle life. So that only the best gets into the brain.
P.S. Piracetam strengthens the neuromuscular connection! From this it follows that, in fact, it is a good support in gaining new experience, and it does not matter if it is knowledge or physical training.

Outcome:

1. The drug is working, one of the safest and cheapest.
2. The effect of better memory, you will be given a slightly better processor and RAM.
3. Effect after 2 weeks. Drink 2 months, 2 - 2.4 grams per day.
4. Not recommended for kidney problems.
5. Without your actions, without training, this nootropic will not work.
6. Drink with Lecithin (sold in pharmacies), 1.5 - 2 grams per day and with B vitamins (ibid.).
7. It is advisable to take a foreign piracetam - Nootropil. Well, or any foreign.
8. Do not read a lot of reviews, you do not know how people took the drug, with what, for how long, etc.

Success in learning! Check out our video on this topic!

Piracetam - Chemical substance complex action that improves the functions of the central nervous system due to the synthesis of dopamine and an increase in the level of norepinephrine. However, it must be used with care and caution as described below.

1 Action and influence of Piracetam

The drug is a nootropic, improves mental activity and emotional condition, intellectual function (in particular, memory, attention, etc.) At the biochemical level:

• increases the conductivity of synapses;
• establishes a balance between ATP and ADP;
• activates phospholipase A;
• stimulates metabolic processes in nervous tissue;
• improves the turnover of neurotransmitters;
• increases cell resistance to toxins and oxygen starvation;
• enhances the processes of synthesis along with increased absorption of glucose;
• prevents the occurrence of blood clots, supporting the ability of red blood cells to pass through the smallest vessels;
• improves blood flow in ischemic areas of the nervous tissue;
• reduces delta, increases alpha and beta activity on the EEG;
• effectively influences recovery at complex treatment of a heart attack.

2 Scope of Piracetam

Considering increased efficiency and a wide range useful action, the medicine is prescribed to treat a host of diseases, including:

• psychoorganic diseases;
• atherosclerosis, hypertension, Parkinson's;
• Alzheimer's disease, various dementias, accompanied by memory loss, impaired attention and speech, orientation in space, headaches;
• stroke, traumatic brain injury, recovery from intoxication, as well as viral neuroinfections;
• sleep-wake cycle disorder;
• depressive, hypochondriacal, apathetic states;
• nervous disorders associated with alcoholism and drug addiction;
• Cerebral palsy or the consequences of prenatal CNS damage in children, accompanied by poor learning, developmental delay;
• sickle cell anemia.

3 Features of the action of the drug, caution and contraindications

The substance enters the blood after 30 minutes, is utilized by the kidneys after 30 hours. May accumulate in various departments brain.

Among the contraindications to taking Piracetam:

• serious kidney disease
• Huntington's disease
• some types of depression
• individual sensitivity to components,
• periods of pregnancy and lactation.

The drug is not used in children under 1 year old. With some restrictions, they are used for hyperthyroidism, after extensive operations, for patients with epilepsy.

Among the adverse reactions can be observed: drowsiness, depression, irritability and irritability, headache and tremor, increased libido. For gastrointestinal tract- nausea, vomiting, indigestion, slight weight gain.

Joint use with other substances enhances the effect of psychostimulants, anticoagulants, thyroid hormones, can provoke anxiety, confusion, and the severity of mental disorders.

4 Reception and dosage of Piracetam

The use of the drug must be approved by the attending physician, overdose is possible, as well as the impact on the work performed, associated with a high concentration of attention (driving vehicle, control mechanisms and similar). The initial dosage can be from 1.2 to 2.4 g per day, increasing to 9-12 g, with acute disorder cerebral circulation, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, coma. The course of treatment lasts from 2 weeks to 6 months, with the gradual withdrawal of the drug.

It is highly recommended not to self-treatment, without the participation of the attending physician, especially with the joint use of other drugs. For children with renal insufficiency, sickle cell anemia, epilepsy, a strict dose adjustment of the drug is necessary.

Piracetam is a nootropic drug. According to experts World Organization Health care nootropics are drugs that have an activating effect on learning, improve memory and intellectual activity, and also increase the resistance of the brain to aggressive influences.
Piracetam has a positive effect on blood circulation, metabolic processes in the brain. The drug exhibits a pronounced nootropic activity:

• stimulates the integrative activity of the brain and intellectual activity;
• helps to strengthen memory;
• facilitates the learning process;
• enhances mental performance.

Piracetam was developed in the mid-1960s by the Belgian biopharmaceutical company UCB Pharmaceutical and was originally used to treat seasickness. Further, intensive studies were carried out to study the pharmacological activity of the drug. Its ability to facilitate learning, prevent amnesia caused by hypoxia, and also normalize the electroencephalogram after suffering reduced content oxygen in the brain.
Piracetam improves connections between the hemispheres of the brain and synaptic conduction in its higher structures, restores and stabilizes consciousness, memory, speech, increases mental performance, improves cerebral blood flow.

pharmachologic effect

Piracetam renders positive influence on the metabolic processes of neurons, improves the activity of the central nervous system. The drug normalizes the intracellular content of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate, improving the function of neurons in conditions of oxygen starvation, poisoning or aging of the body. This contributes to the activation of the synthesis of nuclear ribonucleic acid, phospholipids and related enzymes.

Piracetam improves the transmission of information between the hemispheres of the brain and enhances cortico-subcortical impulses. Helps to improve the integrative function of the brain, memory, concentration and intellectual abilities in patients with functional and organic disorders central nervous system.
Improvement of energy processes under the influence of piracetam leads to increased utilization of glucose and high-energy compounds in the brain tissue. By increasing the concentration of phosphorus compounds in the brain, the drug normalizes its function after hypoxia and toxic effects of barbiturates. The drug reduces platelet aggregation, and with impaired elasticity of erythrocytes, improves their ability to change shape and pass through the vessels of the brain, reduces the duration of vestibular nystagmus.

Piracetam does not have antihistamine, soothing analgesic properties and does not cause undesirable changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Medicine does not accumulate in the body, does not lead to drug dependence, does not turn into gamma-aminobutyric acid and does not increase its content in the brain. Piracetam does not have a psychostimulating effect.

Dosage forms and packaging

Piracetam is available in various dosage forms:

• coated tablets;
• capsules;
• solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration;
• solution for infusion;
• oral solution.

The quantitative composition of the package is varied. Russian pharmaceutical companies mainly produce capsules of 20 or 60 pieces. Capsules of Belarusian production are packed in quantities from 10 to 60 pieces, Indian - up to 200 pieces in one pack. The solution is sold in 5, 10 or 20 ampoules. The number of tablets in one package is most often 30 or 60 pieces.

Compound

Main active substance the drug is piracetam. Compound excipients depends on the form of the drug.

Coated tablets

Piracetam 200 mg; potato starch, low molecular weight medical polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone), magnesium hydroxycarbonate (basic magnesium carbonate), calcium stearate; the composition of the tablet shell is sucrose (sugar), low molecular weight medical polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone), magnesium hydroxycarbonate (basic magnesium carbonate), colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil), titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide pigment), beeswax, tropeolin.

Capsules

Piracetam 400 mg; magnesium carbonate, calcium stearate; The composition of the capsule is titanium dioxide, water, gelatin.

Solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration

One milliliter of the drug contains piracetam 200 mg; sodium acetate trihydrate; acetic acid, diluted 30% to pH 5.0 - 7.0; water for injections.

Solution for oral administration

Piracetam 20.0 g; glycerol 85%, sodium saccharinate, sodium acetate, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, apricot flavor, caramel flavor, glacial acetic acid, purified water.

Indications

Symptomatic treatment of psycho-organic syndrome, in particular in elderly patients suffering from memory loss, dizziness, reduced concentration and general activity, mood lability, behavior disorder, gait disturbance, as well as in patients with Alzheimer's and senile dementia.

Consequences of ischemic stroke, such as speech disorders, impaired emotional sphere, to increase motor and mental activity.
Chronic alcoholism - for the treatment of psychoorganic and withdrawal syndromes.

The recovery period after traumatic brain injury and brain intoxication.

Dizziness and related balance disorders, with the exception of dizziness of vasomotor and mental origin.

As part of complex therapy low learning ability in children with psychoorganic syndrome.

As part of the complex therapy of sickle cell anemia.

Contraindications

Hemorrhagic stroke, severe renal failure (with CC<20 мл/мин), повышенная чувствительность к пирацетаму.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Adequate and strictly controlled studies of the safety of the use of piracetam during pregnancy have not been conducted. Application is possible only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus.

Piracetam appears to pass into breast milk. If necessary, use during lactation should decide on the termination of breastfeeding. In experimental animal studies, no negative effects of piracetam on the fetus have been identified.

Method of application and dosage

Before eating. Adults inside 30 - 160 mg per kilogram of body weight per day in 2 - 4 doses. Duration of treatment - 6 - 8 weeks.
If necessary, apply intramuscularly or intravenously at an initial dose of 10 g per day. When administered intravenously to patients in serious condition, the daily dose can be 12 g. After clinical improvement, the dose is gradually reduced and switched to oral administration.
Children inside 30 - 50 mg per kilogram of body weight per day in 2 - 3 doses. Treatment should be continued for at least three weeks.

Side effects

From the digestive system: dyspeptic symptoms, abdominal pain - rarely.
From the side of the central nervous system: nervousness, agitation, irritability, anxiety, sleep disorders, dizziness, headache, in some cases weakness, drowsiness - rarely.
Other side effects are increased sexual activity.
The activating effect of piracetam in some cases can manifest itself in the form of such side effects as agitation (hyperkinesia), sleep disturbances.

Overdose

In case of an overdose, an increase in possible side effects is observed.
First aid - activated charcoal, symptomatic therapy, hemodialysis is possible (efficiency 50 - 60%), there is no specific antidote.

Control of therapy, warnings

Piracetam should be administered with caution to patients with severe hemorrhagic disorders, the risk of bleeding (for example, with stomach ulcers), hemostasis disorders, in patients with surgical interventions, including dental interventions, in patients taking anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, including low doses of acetylsalicylic acid.

In the treatment of cortical myoclonus, abrupt discontinuation of treatment should be avoided, as this may cause the resumption of seizures.
In the event of sleep disturbances, the instructions for use recommend canceling the evening intake of piracetam, adding this dose to the daytime intake.

Application for violations of kidney function

Use with caution in patients with renal insufficiency. Continuous monitoring of renal function is recommended. Contraindicated in severe renal failure (with CC<20 мл/мин).

Interaction with other drugs

A case of interaction of piracetam with simultaneous use with an extract of the thyroid gland containing triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine is described, when the patient had anxiety, irritability and sleep disorders.

With the simultaneous use of stimulants of the central nervous system, it is possible to increase the psychostimulating effect.

With simultaneous use with neuroleptics, there is an increase in extrapyramidal disorders.

Piracetam is available by prescription. The drug with the trade name Piracetam is manufactured mainly by pharmaceutical companies in Russia, as well as in the Republic of Belarus and India. The solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection is manufactured by the Swiss company MAPICHEM AG. The oral solution is produced by YUSB Pharma (Belgium).

Analogues

Medicines, the main active ingredient of which is piracetam, are available under the following trade names:

• Piracetam;
• Memotropil, Poland;
• Lucetam, Hungary;
• Nootropil, Belgium;
• Escotropil, Russia;
• Vinpotropil (piracetam + vinpocetine), Russia;
• Combitropil (piracetam + cinnarizine), Russia;
• Phezam (piracetam + cinnarizine), Ireland;
• Piracezim (piracetam + cinnarizine), Belarus;
• Nookam (piracetam + cinnarizine), Russia.

Piracetam belongs to the group of nootropic drugs with a predominant cognitive effect. These are true nootropics. (Cognitive functions are the most complex activity of the brain, due to which the process of rational cognition of the world takes place and interaction with it is ensured.) Structural analogues of piracetam are pyrrolidone derivatives - racetam:

• piracetam analogues containing aromatic substituents in the pyrrolidone ring - phenotropil;
• piracetam analogues containing a hydroxy group in the pyrrolidone ring - oxiracetam;
• piracetam analogues containing a-ethylacetamide substituent - etiracetam, levetiracetam, brivaracetam, seletracetam;
• piracetam analogues containing substituents in the amide group - nefiracetam, pramiracetam, coluracetam;
• analogues of piracetam containing an acetohydrazide substituent - dupracetam.

Some representatives of racetams are registered as medicines in a number of countries or are in the third (penultimate) phase of clinical trials.

The therapeutic effects observed with the use of racetams are quite diverse. Piracetam belongs to a subgroup of drugs primarily used to treat cognitive impairment. Analogues for the therapeutic effect of this drug are:

• pramiracetam,
• phenotropil,
• oxiracetam,
• aniracetam.

Medicines of this group are also used in the treatment of balance disorders, cortical myoclonus (convulsive repeated twitching of large muscle groups), selective impairment of the ability to master the skill of reading and writing while maintaining the general ability to learn (dyslexia).
Oxiracetam and aniracetam are not currently used in medical practice.

Pramiracetam

The mechanism of action of pramiracetam is not completely understood. It is known that the substance increases the activity of neurons and has a high degree of affinity for choline, acting in the cholinergic structures of the brain. Pramiracetam improves attention, the ability to learn, memorize and reproduce material, and has a fairly pronounced antidepressant effect. The clinical effect of the drug develops no earlier than after 4 to 8 weeks of treatment.

Phenotropil

Phenotropil is one of the most promising developments in terms of therapeutic possibilities in recent decades. In recent years, the drug has become widely used in neurological practice.

Phenotropil has a pronounced antiamnesic effect, activates the integrative activity of the brain, promotes memory consolidation, improves concentration and mental activity, and facilitates learning processes. The drug accelerates the transfer of information between the hemispheres of the brain, increases the resistance of brain tissues to hypoxia and toxic effects, has an anticonvulsant effect and anxiolytic activity. The drug regulates the processes of activation and inhibition of the central nervous system, improves mood.
Indications:

• diseases of the central nervous system of various origins, especially diseases of vascular origin or those associated with metabolic disorders in the brain and intoxication (in particular, in post-traumatic conditions and chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency), accompanied by a deterioration in intellectual-mnestic functions (intelligence and memory), a decrease in motor activity;
• neurotic states, manifested by lethargy, increased exhaustion, decreased psychomotor activity, impaired attention, memory impairment; violations of learning processes;
• mild to moderate depression;
• psychoorganic syndromes, manifested by intellectual-mnestic disorders and apathetic-abulic symptoms, as well as sluggish states in schizophrenia;
• convulsive conditions;
• (alimentary-constitutional genesis);
• prevention of hypoxia, increased resistance to stress;
• correction of the functional state of the body in extreme conditions of professional activity in order to prevent the development of fatigue and increase mental and physical performance;
• correction of the daily biorhythm, regulation of the sleep-wake cycle;
• chronic alcoholism (in order to reduce the symptoms of asthenia, depression, intellectual-mnestic disorders).

Phenotropil is an effective drug in the treatment of addiction to psychoactive substances. The results of a clinical study of the evidence of a high level of various doses (100, 200, 300 mg) of phenotropil in the complex treatment of 120 patients with alcohol addiction found that the drug reduces the severity of intellectual and mnestic disorders, and also suppresses dysphoria, motor excitation, and ideation disorders in the structure of the syndrome pathological craving for alcohol. The safety profile of the drug was rated as high, it is recommended for use in complex programs for the treatment of alcohol dependence in inpatient and outpatient practice.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. With caution, the drug should be prescribed to patients with severe organic lesions of the liver and kidneys, severe arterial hypertension, with severe atherosclerosis; patients who have previously had panic attacks, acute psychotic states accompanied by psychomotor agitation, as anxiety, panic, hallucinations and delusions may be exacerbated; patients prone to allergic reactions to nootropic drugs of the pyrrolidone group.

Currently, the therapeutic effect of many drugs intended for the correction of cognitive impairment is being actively studied. There are separate reports on the effectiveness of amino acid preparations and some other metabolic agents. However, these pilot studies were carried out on small samples, which does not allow us to consider their results as completely conclusive.

Attention! The description of the drug is a simplified and supplemented version of the official instructions for use. Information about the drug is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to self-medication.

Table 1 shows prices for Piracetam in different dosage forms, prices for analogues of the drug.
Table 1

International non-proprietary name	Trade name of the drug	Price	Release form	Manufacturer
Piracetam	Piracetam	48 rub.	Capsules 400 mg, 60 pieces	Russia
	Piracetam	51 rub.	Film-coated tablets 800 mg, 30 pieces	Russia
	Piracetam	31 rub.	Solution for injection 20%, 10 ampoules	Belarus
Piracetam	Memotropil	106 rub.	Film-coated tablets 1200 mg, 20 pieces	Poland
	Lucetam	RUB 70.50	Tablets 800 mg, 30 pieces	Hungary
	Nootropil	252 rub.	Film-coated tablets 800 mg, 30 pieces	Belgium
Phenotropil	Phenotropil	RUB 408.70	Tablets 100 mg, 10 pieces	Russia

One of the main representatives of the pharmacological group of psychostimulants and nootropics is Piracetam. Instructions for use allows you to determine the range of information needed by the patient and the doctor. It improves cognitive functions and blood circulation in the brain, accelerates metabolic conditions in it. What are the analogues of the drug, what are the reviews on tablets, capsules and injections of Piracetam?

Interesting! The agent was first synthesized in 1971 and was called " Nootropil". Translated from Greek, nootropic means: noos is thought, soul, and tropos is direction. Subsequently, a number of drugs based on piracetam have been developed. According to WHO, 1/3 of the world's population takes this remedy.

pyrrolidone is the main active ingredient. It is he who is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of Piracetam.

The nootropic is available in three main dosage forms, but Piracetam tablets are the most widely used. The instructions for use allow its use by groups of different ages, if indicated.

We list the reasons for the high efficiency of the nootropic drug:

• with the protection and restoration of areas of the brain that have undergone trauma, intoxication, hypoxia;
• with a decrease in the duration and severity of vestibular nystagmus;
• with increased concentration.

Pills covered with a white shell, have a biconvex surface. Capsules in contour cells. injections- 20% solution in a transparent ampoule of 5 ml (slightly white or colorless liquid). Methods of use contains instructions: injections can be performed both intramuscularly and intravenously.

• in tablets - 200 mg or 400 mg;
• in capsules - 400 mg;
• in injections - 200 mg.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The drug is used to improve cognitive functions. Piracetam has a positive effect on the central nervous system, namely improves:

• the rate of transmission of nervous excitation in the brain;
• microcirculation without vasodilating effect;
• metabolic conditions for neuronal plasticity.

Good to know! According to the results of studies of patients taking Piracetam, a positive change was found in the EEG, which is associated with an increase in the functional activity of the brain.

The use of a nootropic does not have negative effects in the form of:

• vasodilatation;
• sedation;
• psychostimulation.

This allows you to significantly expand the age range of patients who are shown to prescribe the drug.

Absorption of the drug occurs in the digestive tract. The maximum concentration in the brain tissues is reached after 1 - 4 hours after application. Piracetam is distributed selectively, it does not bind to plasma proteins. More than 80% of the drug is excreted from the human body after 30 hours through the urinary tract.

Indications for use

Piracetam injections, tablets or capsules - this choice is made by the attending physician, looking at the indications. It also determines the duration of therapy with a nootropic drug.

Piracetam is widely used in the treatment of:

• diseases of a neurological nature;
• a number of mental disorders;
• drug patients;
• pediatric pathology.

Photo: Piracetam, indications

Most often, Piracetam is prescribed as part of a complex treatment of diseases. Recommendations for the use of a nootropic drug are given by a specialist who monitors the patient.

The doctor selects an individual treatment regimen, which is based on the diagnosis, the severity of clinical symptoms and the presence of contraindications to taking the drug.

Attention! Self-medication is strictly prohibited! This can lead to the development of a number of side effects or complications of the underlying disease.

Neurology

The appointment of Piracetam is effective in neurological pathologies accompanied by vascular disorders against the background of chronic vascular insufficiency with the appearance of neurological symptoms:

• hypertension;
• atherosclerosis.

This pathology is accompanied by characteristic neurological changes:

• reduced memory performance;
• difficult speech;
• migraine-like pains;
• dizziness;
• scattered concentration of attention;
• change in the coordination of movement.

The appointment of a nootropic is justified in other pathologies:

• chronic or acute violation of the blood supply to the brain;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• coma after intoxication or traumatic brain injury;
• decrease in intelligence and performance.

Psychiatry

Nootropic is indicated in psychiatry:

• depression with symptoms of inhibition of the nervous system;
• epilepsy;
• complex treatment of depressive conditions and mental disorders;
• preventive measures to prevent complications when using psychotropics or neuroleptics;
• schizophrenia accompanied by apathy.

Narcology

In narcological practice, the use of a nootropic is possible with:

• acute drug or alcohol poisoning;
• chronic alcoholism with a change in mental state;
• relief of delirium and abstinence in alcoholism.

Pediatrics

Piracetam can be prescribed to children with the following indications:

• difficulties in the learning process;
• oligophrenia;
• brain damage in the perinatal period;
• mental retardation;
• dyslexia, or impaired ability to write and read;
• complex treatment of sickle cell anemia.

Piracetam regimens

How to take Piracetam, the attending physician determines. The decision depends on the form of the remedy, the age of the patient and the type of disease.

Tablets and capsules

Piracetam tablets and capsules are taken before meals with water, at least 100 ml.

The daily dose is divided into 2-4 doses for the prevention of sleep disturbances. The last dose of the drug should be carried out no later than at 17:00.

Acute conditions

Acute conditions require the use of a nootropic agent at an initial dosage of 800 mg, divided into 3 doses. After achieving a positive effect, it is recommended to reduce the dosage to 400 mg.

To calculate the maximum daily dose of Piracetam, you need to know the patient's weight. For children, the norm is 30 - 50 mg / kg of body weight, for adults - 30 - 160 mg / kg.

After calculating the dosage, the medicine is divided into 2-3 doses per day. The course of treatment varies from 2 to 8 weeks, after which a break is necessary. If there are indications, after a break, nootropic therapy can be continued.

chronic diseases

Treatment of chronic diseases requires higher dosages of the drug. The initial dose is from 1200 mg per day, divided into 3 doses of 400 mg. Further, the dosage may be increased depending on the symptoms up to 2400 mg, 3200 mg or more.

The clinical effect is noted after 14 - 21 days from the start of therapy.

After achieving a positive effect from the treatment, the dosage of the drug is reduced to 1200 - 1600 mg.

The course of therapy is from 2 weeks to 6 months with breaks of 6 to 8 weeks.

Treatment of chronic psychoorganic syndrome consists in symptomatic drug therapy at a dosage of 1200 - 2400 mg. The first 7 days, the dosage is 4800 mg.

Cortical myoclonus

The initial daily dosage for cortical myoclonus is 7200 mg. The dosage is increased every 3 to 4 days until the desired clinical effect is achieved.

The maximum daily dosage can be 24,000 mg / day, which is prescribed for 3 days in 2 to 3 doses. If a positive effect is not achieved, treatment is continued for 7 days. If there is no effect, therapy is stopped.

If there is an effect when taking the maximum dosage for 3 days, every 2 days the dose is reduced by 1200 mg / day until the onset of myoclonus.

When selecting a therapeutic dosage of Piracetam, other antimyoclonic agents do not change.

Injection

The initial dosage of Piracetam in the form of a solution for injection is 3 - 12 g / day, or 30 - 160 mg / kg of the patient's body weight. From 2 to 4 times a day.

When the condition improves, the dosage of the drug is reduced, after which the patient is prescribed Piracetam tablets or capsules. The injections can be given intravenously or intramuscularly.

Intravenous injections can be carried out by drip or jet. Jet administration of the drug is carried out slowly over 4-6 minutes.

Instructions for use: injections are prescribed in the case when oral administration of the drug is not possible.

Administration schemes (grams per day)

1. Withdrawal state ("withdrawal") - 12 grams per day. To maintain - 2.4 g;
2. Coma or brain injury - the duration of treatment is twenty-one days, starting from 9 - 12 grams per day, then reduce to 2.4 g;
3. Myoclonus - 7.2 grams, then every 3 days increase the dose of 4.8 g / day to 24 grams. After reaching the maximum dose - reduce by 1.2 grams for 2 days;
4. States of dizziness with loss of balance - 4.8 grams;
5. sickle cell anemia - 160 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, divided into 4 injections;
6. Vaso-occlusive (painful) crisis - 300 mg per kilogram 4 times a day.

Features of the appointment of Piracetam

Children, lactating and pregnant women, elderly patients, and people with renal disease require special attention when prescribing Piracetam. insufficiency. For these categories of people, the dosage of a nootropic agent is calculated individually.

Aged people

Long-term treatment of the elderly requires complex therapy with psychotropic or cardiovascular drugs with control of kidney function.

The dosage of Piracetam is 1.2 - 2.4 g per day. The initial dosage before stopping undesirable effects can be doubled. Corrected for patients with kidney disease.

Renal failure (PN)

If the patient has urinary tract diseases, it is necessary to adjust the dosage of Piracetam, which is interconnected with its excretion through the kidneys.

Depending on the degree of PN, the dosage is reduced:

1. mild degree - take 2/3 of the usual dosage 2 or 3 times a day;
2. medium - the dosage of Piracetam is 1/3 of the usual, and divided into two doses.
3. severe - the reception is 1/6 of the usual dosage 1 time per day.
4. end-stage chronic renal failure - the drug is contraindicated.

In case of violation of the liver, doses are not adjusted. With simultaneous violations of kidney function and the dosage is subject to correction in the same way as with PN.

Children

Assign Piracetam to children in the presence of:

1. intellectual disorders;
2. Perinatal brain damage associated with:

• hereditary diseases;
• birth trauma of newborns and injuries in the earliest period (up to 3-4 weeks);
• complications after infectious diseases at an early age.

In the presence of pathology in a child, there are:

• inability to concentrate;
• decrease in the level of assimilation of the information received;
• learning disability;
• dyslexia.

Interesting! Studies have shown that the use of Piracetam is effective in children with a normal level of intelligence with a decrease in brain function. If a child has mental retardation, the effectiveness of the drug is reduced.

Long-term use of a nootropic drug in children can provoke the development of side effects in the form of:

• increase in nervousness;
• hyperactivity.

The appointment of Piracetam in pediatric practice is carried out by the attending physician in the presence of strict indications. The dosage and course of treatment are calculated individually for each child.

When taking a nootropic, constant monitoring by a doctor is necessary.

Pregnancy, lactation period

Pregnancy is a contraindication for taking Piracetam. The prohibition is associated with the penetration of the active drug through the placental barrier, which can have a negative effect on the fetus.

The lactation period has relative contraindications for the use of a nootropic. The drug is excreted in breast milk. To exclude negative reactions of Piracetam to a child, it is necessary to stop breastfeeding for the period of using the medication.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications to the use of Piracetam are:

• hypersensitivity to components;
• Huntington's disease;
• state of psychomotor agitation;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• children under 12 months;
• hemorrhagic stroke of the brain in the acute period;
• depression of the agitated type;
• terminal stage of chronic renal failure (CRF).

It is necessary to take the drug with caution when:

• hyperthyroidism;
• heavy bleeding;
• extensive surgical intervention;
• severe hemostasis.

Side effects

Most often, side effects after taking the drug are noted when the daily dosage is exceeded 5 g, and in the elderly - more than 2.4 g.

Among the side effects are the following systems:

1. Nervous:

• psychomotor agitation;
• imbalance;
• reduced attention;
• increased anxiety;
• insomnia or drowsiness (read the article -);
• depressive states;
• ataxia; how to fall asleep quickly
• disinhibition of the motor system;
• headache;
• irritability;
• convulsions;
• hallucinations;
• dizziness.

1. The cardiovascular system:

• hypotension or hypertension;
• exacerbation of angina pectoris and coronary insufficiency.

1. Circulatory system:

• change in blood coagulation.

1. Gastrointestinal tract:

• nausea;
• vomit;
• stomach ache;
• diarrhea or constipation.

1. Allergic manifestations:

• dermatitis;
• rash;
• angioedema.

1. The immune system:

• anaphylactic shock;
• hypersensitivity.

1. Hearing Organs:

• vertigo.

1. Other:

• weight gain;
• asthenia;
• increased libido;
• fever.

Overdose

An overdose of Piracetam is unlikely. However, possible side effects may increase.

To eliminate an overdose of a nootropic, you must:

1. wash the stomach;
2. take activated charcoal;
3. carry out symptomatic therapy;
4. according to indications - to carry out hemodialysis.

There is no specific antidote for the drug.

Drug Interactions

As part of the complex treatment of diseases, doctors often use Piracetam, for which they prescribe it with other drugs.

The change in the pharmacokinetics of Piracetam while taking other drugs is low, which is associated with the excretion of the drug in the urine unchanged.

When taking Piracetam together with thyroid hormone replacement drugs or iodine-containing agents, confusion, increased irritability and sleep disturbance are noted.

The simultaneous use of a nootropic and neuroleptics leads to an increase in the action of the latter, and this can cause tremors, as well as increase anxiety.

Reception features

The appointment of a nootropic drug requires careful monitoring of the patient's condition. Particular attention is needed when:

• the appointment of Piracetam as part of complex therapy;
• simultaneous use of a nootropic drug and a psychotropic drug;
• the presence of kidney disease in the patient, accompanied by chronic renal failure.

Precautions must be observed while driving, since Piracetam can reduce the body's response to an external stimulus.

Treatment of cortical myoclonus using Piracetam should be carried out in stages: abrupt withdrawal of the drug is prohibited, which can lead to the development of an attack.

If sleep disturbance occurs during the use of Piracetam, the evening medication is shifted to the daytime.

If the patient has a risk of bleeding, careful monitoring of the use of the nootropic is necessary. Piracetam has an effect on platelet aggregation, which can lead to complications. Particular attention is paid to patients with:

• peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum;
• hemorrhagic stroke in history;
• any recent surgery
• taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents.

Analogues

The main substance of the nootropic drug is piracetam. Its analogues are divided according to:

1. active substance;
2. rendered effect.

Among the most common analogues of Piracetam, according to the active active substance, there are:

• Nootropil, contains in its composition 800 or 1200 mg of piracetam. It is used in order to obtain a faster positive result;
• Memotropil 800 or 1200 mg;
• Lucetam 400, 800 or 1200 mg;
• Stamine 400 or 800 mg;
• Cerebril 800 or 1200 mg. Has minimal side effects.

According to the effect, among Piracetam analogues, there are:

• Pantogam. The active ingredient is hopantenic acid. The drug is approved for use in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in the form of a syrup;
• Mexidol. Belongs to the group of antioxidants. It has few side effects and contraindications;
• Cavinton. Refers to drugs that improve brain metabolism and blood circulation. Side effects are rare;
• Cinnarizine. Improves cerebral circulation. It is not used to treat memory and concentration disorders. Can be used in combination with Piracetam;
• Phezam. It contains 400 mg of piracetam and 25 mg of cinnarizine. Belongs to a group of drugs that improve blood circulation and brain metabolism.

Price

The cost varies depending on the form of release, country of manufacture and pharmacy.

In pharmacies, prescription is given to Piracetam. Price:

• tablets 400 mg - from 56 rubles;
• capsules 400 mg - from 27 rubles;
• tablets 200 mg - from 38 rubles;
• injections (solution for injection) 20% - 5 ml - from 46 rubles.

Piracetam tablets have been known for many years. And all these years, this drug does not give up its position. It is recommended by doctors for various neurological diseases.

Piracetam is a broad spectrum nootropic. It has a positive effect on metabolic processes. Thanks to the drug, the concentration of ATP in the brain tissues increases, increasing the synthesis of RNA and stimulating various processes, increasing the output of glucose.

In this article, we will look at why doctors prescribe Piracetam, including instructions for use, analogues and prices for this drug in pharmacies. Real REVIEWS of people who have already used Piracetam can be read in the comments.

Composition and form of release

The drug piracetam is available in several dosage forms:

• piracetam solution 20% (1 ml solution contains 200 mg of active ingredient);
• piracetam tablets 400, 800 or 1200 mg;
• piracetam capsules 400 and 800 mg.

Also, the active ingredient piracetam is part of the preparations Lucetam, Nootropil, Phezam, Memotropil and others.

Why is Piracetam prescribed?

Piracetam is prescribed for the treatment of certain diseases:

• consequences of a stroke
• cortical myoclonus,
• coma,
• neuromuscular dystrophy,
• chronic alcoholism,
• vascular diseases of the brain,
• parkinson's disease,
• depressive and lethargic states,
• consequences of perinatal brain damage,
• mental retardation,
• cerebral palsy,
• sickle cell anemia;
• Alzheimer's disease and other neurological diseases that are accompanied by a decrease in intellectual abilities.

In practically healthy people, piracetam can be recommended for overwork or in extreme situations.

The instructions for Piracetam indicate that in pediatrics the remedy is effective for the consequences of perinatal CNS damage, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, oligophrenia, dyslexia, learning disabilities, cerebral palsy, memory impairment, intellectual disability, speech disorders, psychoorganic syndrome, sickle cell anemia.

pharmachologic effect

Piracetam belongs to the group of nootropics, the therapeutic effect of which is to improve the functioning of the brain. Under the influence of the drug improves memory, perception of new material and mental thinking.

• Piracetam prevents the process of agglutination of platelets and erythrocytes, due to which the drug serves as a prevention of cerebral thrombosis and improves blood microcirculation through the vessels.
• Piracetam improves the flow of blood and oxygen to the tissues and cells of the brain, improves metabolic processes in the brain, has a positive effect on the rheological functions of the blood, while not having a vasodilating effect.

Under the influence of the drug, the toxic effect of other drugs and alcohol on the cells and tissues of the brain is reduced.

Instructions for use

According to the instructions for use Piracetam in the form of capsules, according to indications, it is recommended to use on an empty stomach or with meals. The daily dosage, as a rule, is divided into several doses (2-4), while the last dose is preferably carried out no later than 17 hours.

• Treatment of dizziness and related balance disorders involves the appointment of the drug at a dose of 2.4-4.8 g per day.
• When using Piracetam for the treatment of cortical myoclonus, the initial dosage of 7.2 g is increased by 4.8 g every 3 days. After 6 months of treatment, it is desirable to gradually reduce the daily dose, reducing it by 1.2 g per day. In the event that taking the drug gives an insignificant therapeutic result, treatment should be stopped.
• In the symptomatic treatment of a psychoorganic syndrome, during the first week of therapy, 4.8 g per day is taken, after which the dose is reduced to a maintenance dose of 1.2-2.4 g.
• For the prevention of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis in children and adults, the daily dose of 160 mg per 1 kg of body weight is divided into 4 equal parts. During therapy, it should be borne in mind that the irregular use of Piracetam can cause an exacerbation of the disease. For the treatment of the disease, the drug should be administered intravenously at a dose of 300 mg per 1 kg per day.

In the case of the treatment of dyslexia in children from 8 years old, it is effective to use Piracetam in combination with other methods. In this case, you need to take 4 capsules of the drug 2 times a day.

Contraindications

According to the instructions, Piracetam is contraindicated for:

1. Hypersensitivity to one of the components of the drug;
2. hemorrhagic stroke;
3. Pregnancy and lactation;
4. Psychomotor agitation;
5. Chronic renal failure (CC less than 20 ml / min);
6. Chorea of ​​Huntington.

In addition, according to indications, Piracetam should be used with caution in cases of:

1. Chronic renal failure (CC 20-80 ml / min);
2. Violations of hemostasis;
3. heavy bleeding;
4. Major surgical interventions.

Side effects

Mental agitation, motor disinhibition, irritability, imbalance, decreased ability to concentrate, anxiety, sleep disturbances, gastralgia, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, loss of appetite, dizziness, headache, extrapyramidal disorders, convulsions, tremor, increased sexual activity, worsening of angina pectoris. Side effects are most often noted at doses above 5 g per day.

In children, especially with mental retardation, when taking Piracetam, the following side effects are possible: restlessness, fussiness, imbalance, increased conflict, anxiety, decreased ability to concentrate, motor disinhibition, irritability.

Pregnancy and lactation

Adequate and strictly controlled studies of the safety of the use of piracetam during pregnancy have not been conducted. Application is possible only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus. Piracetam appears to pass into breast milk. If necessary, use during lactation should decide on the termination of breastfeeding.

Analogues

According to the active substance, analogues of Piracetam are Lucetam, Memotropil, Nootropil, Escotropil.

The group of drugs with a similar mechanism of action includes: Amilonosar, Acephen, Vinpotropil, Vinpocetine, Ginkgo Biloba, Ginkoum, Gopantam, Demanol, Idebenone, Cogitum, Pantogam, Cerebrolysate and a number of other drugs.