Hormonal ointments in gynecology. Types of hormonal drugs and their purpose. Conclusions on anti-inflammatory therapy

Hormonal preparations are intended for the treatment endocrine disorders. They are prescribed for women and men. There are more than 50 drugs for hormone replacement therapy.

All hormonal agents are divided into natural and synthetic. Natural contain hormones derived from fresh or frozen glands of livestock, as well as from animal or human biological fluids. Synthetic analogues obtained by chemical means but perform similar functions.

What are hormones?

pituitary gland (anterior and posterior lobes);
thyroid gland and antithyroid substances;
pancreas (insulin and glucagon);
sugar-reducing substances;
parathyroid gland;
adrenal cortex;
sexual;
anabolic substances.

Hormonal preparations can be in the form of water or oil solution, tablets, ointments. They are administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, taken orally or rubbed into the skin.

13 Facts About Hormone Therapy

Hormones are not always harmful. Hormonal agents provide miscellaneous action often give side effects.
Hormonal agents have different effects on people. Those drugs that helped a relative or friend can harm you with the same diagnosis.
Young patients and nulliparous girls can take hormones. They are prescribed even from a young age, and hormonal contraceptives are allowed for adolescents.
Hormonal drugs do not always have a contraceptive effect. One month after hormone therapy reproductive function is fully restored. It is also possible to conceive twins or triplets, as certain hormones cause multiple eggs to grow.
Breaks in hormone therapy are optional. Most often, hormones are prescribed as a continuous course.
Breastfeeding women can also take hormonal drugs. The ban applies only to some pills that affect lactation.
Not all hormonal drugs cause weight gain. If the patient is inclined to be overweight or began to recover during treatment, the doctor may reduce the number of progestogens in therapy.
There are hormones for men.
Hormonal drugs are prescribed not only for serious illnesses. They help to cure mild pathologies of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland or pancreas.
Hormones do not accumulate in the body. These substances break down almost immediately and are excreted from the body over time.
Preparations with hormones are prescribed for pregnant women. If a woman had hormonal disruptions before conception, during pregnancy she needs drug therapy. Without the normalization of the hormonal background, it is impossible to bear a child.
Hormones do not always reduce libido. Many patients report an increase in sex drive with hormone therapy. If the desire is reduced, you can ask your doctor to prescribe drugs with less progesterone.

When are hormonal drugs prescribed?

Natural hormones are produced by the endocrine glands of our body. These substances have a distal effect, that is, at a distance from the gland in which they were formed. Hormonal drugs are prescribed for dysfunction of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas and ovaries, as well as some diseases that do not affect endocrine system.

What diseases are hormones prescribed for?

Diabetes. The disease is diagnosed in the absence of the hormone insulin, without which glucose does not enter the cells and not enough energy is created for normal life. Insulin preparations solve this problem.
Adrenal insufficiency. With adrenal dysfunction, the patient becomes weak, loses weight, and suffers from symptoms of impaired circulation. The hormones glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids allow to restore the stable functioning of the organ.
Hypothyroidism. This condition develops with a decrease in the functionality of the thyroid gland, when levothyroxine ceases to be produced. The hormone itself is inactive, but in cells it turns into triiodothyronine and regulates protein biosynthesis.
Hypogonadism. The disease is characterized by insufficiency of the gonads. With hypogonadism, infertility develops in women and men, and hormone therapy is the only way to conceive a child.

In addition to glandular insufficiency, there is also excessive activity. Often, patients are diagnosed with an excess of hormones. This condition is no less dangerous and also requires treatment. To reduce the amount of hormones, drugs are prescribed that block secretion or remove the gland itself.

Estrogens and progestins - female hormones - have the effect of contraception. They may also be prescribed during perimenopause to relieve symptoms. Anabolic steroid male hormones are effective in the treatment of dystrophic conditions.

Contraceptives are divided into combined with estrogen and progestogen and drugs with progesterone. Hormonal contraception is preferred if the woman has one regular partner. Protection against infections during chaotic sexual intercourse will only be condoms.

The action of hormonal contraceptives is due to the fact that the substances provoke changes in the cervix that prevent the penetration of spermatozoa. Pathological changes that can cause infertility can develop with prolonged use of hormonal contraceptives (without stopping for more than 3 years). However, many experts claim that after the abolition of contraception, the likelihood of pregnancy only increases.

Hormonal contraceptives do not affect weight, help cleanse the skin and reduce the amount of body hair. Hormones can regulate the cycle and reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Some note breast enlargement and an increase in its elasticity when taking hormonal contraceptives.

Modern contraceptives have a minimum of side effects. With the help of hormones, you can postpone the timing of menstruation and reduce the symptoms of SCI.

Hormones for contraception are prescribed for a maximum of a year. It is advisable to take breaks for several months and visit the gynecologist regularly. Oral contraceptives are contraindicated in smokers, patients with tumors and varicose veins veins.

The main method is hormone therapy. Depending on the severity of the pathology, doctors prescribe contraceptives, drugs with progesterone, drugs with the hormone danazol, or gonadotropin analogues.

Hormonal contraceptives for endometriosis reduce pain and reduce the endometrium. Usually drugs are prescribed for six months, if necessary, you can extend the course for 3-6 months. At successful treatment areas of endometriosis are significantly reduced.

Popular contraceptives:

Regulon;
Yarina;
Marvelon.

With endometriosis, drugs with progesterone may be prescribed. This substance inhibits the secretion of estrogens, which provoke the growth of the endometrium of the uterus. The course of treatment is 6-9 months. The best drugs groups are considered to be Vizanne and Depo Provera.

The hormone danazol in endometriosis reduces the amount of sex hormones, which reduces the foci of pathology. The optimal course of treatment is 3-6 months

Another method of treating endometriosis is analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormones. They reduce the functionality of the ovaries and suppress the production of sex hormones. During therapy, menstruation disappears and menopausal symptoms may occur. To prevent this, doctors prescribe small doses of hormones. Treatment is a maximum of six months. After the drug is discontinued, ovarian function is restored.

Preparations with gonadotropin-releasing hormones:

Buserelin;
or ;
Sinarel.

Hormone therapy for menopause

Closer to 50 years, a woman's body undergoes restructuring. Fading in reproductive function, estrogen levels decrease, bones become brittle, and tissues less elastic. A woman feels characteristic symptoms: hot flashes, headaches, sweating, emotional instability, osteoporosis.

Hormone replacement therapy for menopause helps to reduce the number of strokes, heart attacks, pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, as well as maintaining pelvic tone and stabilizing the nervous system. Menopause symptoms disappear.

If there are no contraindications, substitution therapy can be prescribed for 5-8 years. Hormones are not recommended if present malignant tumor, circulatory disorders, uterine bleeding, history of stroke and heart attack, liver disease.

What hormones are prescribed for menopause:

Angelique. With estradiol and drospirenone.
Femoston. Contains estradiol and dydrogesterone, which improves the natural cycle.
Ovestin. Contains estriol - necessary to restore the elasticity of the mucosa.
Livial. Includes synthetic tibolone. It has a complex estrogen-gestagenic effect.
Norkolut. A progestogen-based agent with norethisterone.

Hormones during pregnancy

One of the main causes of early miscarriage is the instability of the hormonal background of a woman. As a rule, abortion occurs when there is a lack of progesterone or estrogen.

Lack of progesterone is dangerous because the conditions necessary for the development of the fetus are not created, and estrogen deficiency leads to thinning of the endometrium of the uterus and rejection of the embryo. During pregnancy, it is necessary to treat not only problems with sex hormones, but also all hormonal disorders.

Progesterone preparations:

Duphaston. The preparation contains synthetic analogue progesterone - dydrogesterone. It is much more active and stable than the natural hormone, therefore it effectively supports pregnancy. As a rule, the drug is canceled after 20 weeks, when the body's need for progesterone decreases. Duphaston does not affect the skin, hair, sleep and blood glucose levels. If bleeding occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor to increase the dose. Dufaston is incompatible with phenobarbital, which is prescribed for epilepsy.
Utrozhestan. The drug contains micronized progesterone. Utrozhestan normalizes the level of female hormones and affects androgens (male sex hormones). An excess of androgens in a woman's body can harm pregnancy. The drug can affect the reaction rate and cause drowsiness.

At correct reception these drugs do not provoke malformations in the fetus. They help to normalize the endocrine system and hormonal background than only support pregnancy and ensure the full development of the child. Refusal of therapy affects not only the mother's body, but also the physical and mental development of the child. However, hormones are not prescribed for diabetes, liver diseases, bronchial asthma, circulatory disorders, malignant tumors and epilepsy.

Hormone therapy for men

Already from the age of 25, testosterone levels gradually decrease, and by 45, the indicators fall by 30%. During this period, hormones may be prescribed to relieve symptoms ( fast fatiguability mood deterioration, weakness, decreased libido). Hormones are also suitable for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

It is possible to use tablets, capsules, gel, injections and even patches with testosterone. Among the most common drugs are Andriol, Methyltestosterone, Androgel, Androderm, Nebido injections, Sustanon-250 and Testenat.

Hormone therapy in men sometimes causes side effects. There may be an increased risk of prostate cancer, increased oiliness of the skin, problems with sperm and androgenetic alopecia.

It must be remembered that any medication can be dangerous if used improperly. When choosing hormones, it is important to take into account the gender and age of the patient, comorbidities, habits, allergies, heredity and lifestyle.

The use of hormonal drugs is one of the basic methods of treatment in clinical gynecology. After all, it is endocrine regulation ensures the functional activity and health of the female reproductive system, and also affects the state of many other target organs. Therefore, tableted hormonal preparations with estrogen can be prescribed even if the patient does not have gynecological complaints.

What are estrogens?

Estrogens are female sex hormones and are of steroid origin. These include three biological active substances similar structure and action: estrone, estradiol and estriol. They can, if necessary, transform into each other, although not all biochemical transformations are reversible. The main and most active sex hormone in humans is estradiol.

Basically, female hormones estrogens are of ovarian origin, produced in the first half of the menstrual cycle by granulosa and, to a lesser extent, interstitial cells. Part of the hormones is also synthesized in the adrenal cortex, in the corpus luteum formed after ovulation, in the placenta (during pregnancy, starting from its 2nd trimester). In addition, the estrogen-secreting role of subcutaneous fat has been proven. But all these additional sources still cannot provide a hormone level sufficient to compensate against the background of turning off the ovaries.

When do you need pills to increase estrogen levels?

Currently, estrogen-containing drugs are used with substitution, contraceptive and therapeutic purpose. They can be prescribed by a gynecologist, endocrinologist, reproductologist. In some cases, the primary recommendation on the advisability of their use is given by the therapist, cardiologist, vertebrologist, which is usually due to the development of quite serious complications of severe hypoestrogenism. In this case, the issue of hormone replacement therapy is usually decided on a commission basis.

In general, preparations containing estrogens may be recommended in the following cases:

In pathological clinically significant conditions directly related to physiological menopause.
and early menopause. The reason for this may be emaciated ovary syndrome, partial resection of the appendages, the effects of radiation and chemotherapy.
Post castration syndrome. It is a consequence of oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries), which is often carried out as part of a complex radical surgical treatment in oncogynecological diseases.
Hypogonadism, often due to chromosomal abnormalities.
Hypogenitalism, insufficient development (infantilism) of the external and internal genital organs.
Osteoporosis.
Alopecia and other pathological conditions in women due to hyperandrogenism of any origin.
Acne (severe forms of the disease that are not amenable to other therapy).
The need for contraception. Protection from pregnancy can be carried out both at the request of the woman, and on the recommendation of a doctor. For example, birth control pills with estrogen are often prescribed after an abortion, missed abortion, surgical interventions on the organs of the reproductive system.
Some forms.
With the planned IVF with donor native oocytes, to synchronize the cycles of the donor and the female recipient.
With a number of pathologies of pregnancy: overmaturity, weakness of labor.

It is necessary to use estrogenic drugs strictly in accordance with the doctor's recommendations. Failure to comply with the dosage, duration and regimen of their administration is fraught with the development pathological changes in target organs.

Estrogen therapy in menopause

Normally, the ovaries produce a sufficient amount of sex hormones throughout reproductive period beginning with the girl's entry into puberty. And a pronounced progressive decrease in estrogen levels means the extinction of the generative (childbearing) function and is the cause of the development of key clinical signs of menopause.

Quite often, the onset of physiological or iatrogenic (associated with medical intervention) menopause is accompanied by severe discomfort and even the formation of clinically significant disorders. And this may require medical correction.

With menopause, estrogens in tablets are used for replacement purposes. The grounds for their appointment to elderly women may be:

Severe vegetative disorders, significantly worsening the patient's quality of life.
Osteoporosis. Taken tablets with estrogens during menopause can significantly reduce the risk of pathological fractures, which are most often observed in the femoral neck and thoracolumbar vertebrae.
Persistent and often recurrent infectious and inflammatory conditions of the urogenital region. Severe estrogen deficiency is accompanied by atrophy of the mucous membranes of the vagina, vulva and urethra, weakening of the strength of the urethral sphincter, vaginal dysbiosis. All this makes vulnerable to infection. lower divisions urinary system.
The need to mitigate and contain the progression of cardiovascular pathology in menopause (arterial hypertension, endocrine cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis).

It should be understood that hormonal preparations prescribed to a woman are not intended to eliminate estrogen deficiency, but only to partially correct it. Therefore, even against the background of constant intake of estrogen in tablets, the hormonal background of a woman of menopausal age will not be the same as in the reproductive period.

Contraindications

Contraindications for taking estrogen-containing drugs include:

benign neoplasms of the genital organs;
neoplasms of the mammary glands,;
malignant neoplasms (including organs not related to the reproductive system);
endometritis;
hyperestrogenism within the climatic period;
and the associated tendency to menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, polymenorrhea.

The use of hormonal drugs requires not only a preliminary examination of a woman to exclude possible contraindications. Also needed regular control her condition, which will allow the doctor to identify emerging side effects and timely adjust the therapeutic regimen.

Side effects

Adverse events while taking estrogen-containing tablets may be associated with hyperplastic processes in target organs, as well as with the consequences of changes in metabolism and the hemostasis system.

Possible side effects include:

thrombotic and thromboembolic complications (the likelihood of their development increases if a woman has concomitant varicose veins and changes in blood viscosity);
migraine-like pain;
affective instability;
a tendency to edema, which is due to a change in mineral metabolism with sodium and water retention;
increased risk of developing endometrial cancer, and a number of other organs;
the development of cholecystitis and cholangitis, which is associated with a change in the metabolism of cholesterol and an increase in its concentration in the excreted bile;
liver failure;
dyspeptic manifestations in the form of nausea, vomiting, changes in appetite, discomfort in the abdomen;
engorgement of the mammary glands.

The appearance of any changes in well-being while taking estrogen-containing drugs requires a visit to a doctor.

What drugs contain estrogens?

The list of drugs containing estrogens is quite wide. Currently, products of natural origin (isolated from the urine of animals) and synthetic analogues of sex hormones are being produced. In addition, they are divided into conjugated and non-conjugated, monocomponent and combined. They can be based on any of the three estrogens.

In a separate group, there are funds containing the so-called phytoestrogens - estrogen-like substances of plant origin.

Tablets containing estrogen-containing drugs include:

all combined oral contraceptives (monophasic and 2 - 3-phase), including low-dose;
Estriol and its analogues (Ovestin, Ovepol);
estradiol (Proginova, Klimara, Estrimax, Estrofem) and ethinylestradiol (Microfollin).

The choice of the drug is carried out by the doctor. This takes into account many factors: the objectives of therapy, the presence of concomitant diseases, the state of target organs, the age of the patient, etc. Unauthorized replacement of the drug recommended by the doctor and correction of the treatment regimen increase the risk of complications.

For other ways to increase estrogen levels, as well as a description of the most common drugs, read the article on.

Popular on the site

Hormonal drugs are a group of medicines that includes *full-time drugs, drugs for hormone replacement therapy for menopause, thyroid dysfunction, etc. The largest group of this type of drugs is precisely * internal means, which are artificially synthesized hormones, in their qualities very close to the progesterone and estrogen actually produced by the female body. The principle of their action is that under the action of this type of hormones, ovulation is blocked, while the egg does not mature and does not leave the ovary, there is nothing for spermatozoa to fertilize and pregnancy does not occur. From the very beginning of the creation of hormonal drugs, their use is accompanied by some fear and somewhat incorrect information. Many women refuse to take both face-to-face and replacement therapy drugs for fear of gaining weight, or because of the threat of hormone accumulation in the body. The first fact is related to the fact that the drugs of the first and second generation of contraceptives caused the effect of weight gain due to the high content of hormones. Manufacturers are currently releasing fifth-generation micro-dosed *intrinsic products that do not affect weight fluctuations. The misconception that hormones accumulate in the body is fundamentally wrong, since the requirement for strict intake of this type of medication is due precisely to the fact that when it enters the body, the hormone immediately breaks down into chemical compounds, and they, in turn, are excreted from the body within 24 hours. Another misconception is that hormonal drugs should not be taken for a long time. In reality, the main requirement is correct selection hormonal drug. And you can take such a drug for years without interruption. Such long-term use not only does not provide harmful effects on the body, and helps to establish menstrual cycle, prevents the development of diseases of the mammary glands, endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cysts, and also improves the quality of hair and skin. It is possible to determine that the drug is chosen incorrectly by the appearance of such side effects as headache, nausea, increased blood pressure general feeling unwell or depressed. In this case, an urgent consultation with a doctor is necessary, who will prescribe a drug from the same group, but with a lower content of hormones. Even if there are side effects, it is not recommended to abruptly stop taking *intrinsic drugs, as this can provoke menstrual irregularities or the onset of unwanted pregnancy. It is necessary to finish the started package, and then cancel the hormonal drug or switch to another. In postmenopausal women, hormone replacement drugs are used to relieve such manifestations of menopausal syndrome as tachycardia attacks, hot flashes, excessive sweating, pressure drops, and others. This improves the quality of life of the patient. Modern preparations of hormone replacement therapy also have a positive effect on the condition of the skin, increasing its tightness and making wrinkles less noticeable, help stop hair loss associated with a large amount of androgens in a woman's body. Such a positive effect on the skin is explained by the fact that when taking such drugs, the woman's biological age index decreases. Thus, hormone replacement drugs used in postmenopause have a positive effect not only on a woman's health, but also preserve her beauty, youth and vigor. There are indications in which hormone replacement therapy is prescribed for life: for example, when the thyroid gland is removed. Hormonal drugs are also prescribed for some diseases of this vital organ. Hormonal drugs have already firmly entered our lives and are used by a large number of people. But their appointment is the prerogative of doctors only, since good health and the absence of side effects depend on the correct choice of this or that drug.

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At present, among women there is high level diseases of the mammary glands. This is due to various factors, including hormonal imbalances, high neuropsychic stress, age-related changes, inadequate intake of essential nutrients and unfavorable environmental conditions. diffuse mastopathy, its causes and types Mastopathy is characterized by the appearance in the mammary gland against the background of hormonal disorders proliferation of connective tissue and the formation of cysts filled with clear liquid. This is one of the most frequent illnesses in women, almost half of them suffer from mastopathy to one degree or another. There are many reasons for mastopathy. First of all, this is an increased content of female sex hormones estrogen in the blood. This occurs as a result of the fact that women give birth and breastfeed less: during these periods, the action of other hormones comes to the fore (during pregnancy - the female sex hormone progesterone, during breastfeeding - prolactin), which prevent the formation of estrogens. The occurrence of mastopathy is also facilitated by various violations of the reproductive function, abortion, stress, lack of sleep, high neuropsychic stress, endocrine diseases, chronic diseases of the female genital organs, as well as other organs and systems, hereditary predisposition. Mastopathy can develop on some separate area mammary gland (nodular mastopathy), and can affect the entire tissue of the mammary glands (diffuse mastopathy). Diffuse mastopathy, in turn, is divided into diffuse fibrous mastopathy, (growths of connective tissue predominate) and diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy(cysts are attached to the growths of connective tissue - sacs filled with liquid). signs diffuse mastopathy With diffuse mastopathy in the middle and in the second half of the menstrual cycle (before menstruation), there are pains in the mammary gland of uncertain localization. The pain is aching, stabbing, bursting, and so on, often it gives to the back and neck. The mammary glands become rough, become dense, discharge from the nipples appears. When probing, the glands are evenly dense, moderately painful. After menstruation with diffuse mastopathy, as a rule, the gland is evenly compacted, heavy, slightly painful. In addition, with mastopathy, a woman most often has external signs high content in the blood of estrogens: dry skin, overweight, the duration of the menstrual cycle is more than 28 days, prolonged painful and heavy menstruation, premenstrual syndrome, ovarian cysts, benign tumors uterus. Diagnosis of diffuse mastopathy Diagnosis includes examination data of a doctor (mammologist surgeon), ultrasound and X-ray examination of the mammary glands, a blood test for hormones and laboratory research biological material taken from the breast by biopsy. At ultrasound examination(ultrasound) revealed the presence of multiple cysts in both mammary glands. On ultrasound, you can measure the volume of cysts, identify dilated ducts of the mammary glands. X-ray examination (mammography) allows you to determine the epithelial (gland tissue) and connective tissue (gland ducts and cords in mastopathy) structures of the gland, determine the type of mastopathy, the degree of distribution of seals, the presence of a benign or malignant tumor in the mammary gland. Laboratory studies reveal imbalances in hormones, especially those of the sex and thyroid glands (blood test for hormones), proliferation of connective tissue, and the presence of malignant tumor cells (test biological media taken during biopsy). Treatment of diffuse mastopathy The doctor makes the decision to treat or not to treat diffuse mastopathy individually after a comprehensive examination. Most often, such women are simply regularly observed and examined in order to timely detect a malignant tumor. Treatment of diffuse mastopathy is carried out only conservatively. For improvement metabolic processes, which in turn have a positive effect on the hormonal background, it is recommended mainly dairy and vegetable food with a large amount of raw and thermally processed vegetables, cereals, legumes, restriction of animal fats. Intestinal dysbacteriosis is treated, which can disrupt the absorption of vitamins in the intestine, vitamin-mineral complexes and biologically active food supplements (BAA) are prescribed. An increase in physical activity (playing sports or physiotherapy, depending on the state of health). Physiotherapeutic procedures (electrotherapy, mud, baths, and so on), consultations (and, if necessary, treatment) of a psychotherapist are also prescribed. In case of hormonal disorders, hormonal and non-hormonal drugs are prescribed in accordance with the identified violations. medications. The hormonal drugs used for diffuse mastopathy include the female sex hormone progesterone (it helps to reduce estrogen in the blood) and thyroid hormones. Non-hormonal drugs help reduce the unpleasant effects of mastopathy. These are diuretics (relieve tissue swelling) and sedatives, drugs that improve liver function (help to eliminate toxic metabolic products), potassium preparations, enzymes, iodine preparations (stimulate the thyroid gland), and so on. Mastopathy is one of the risk factors for breast cancer, so it is subject to mandatory observation by a breast surgeon.

Historically, the fear of hormones has been passed down from generation to generation. As it seemed, hormonal contraceptives were discredited in Russia for a long time and for a long time. Indeed, first-generation oral contraceptives had a significant number of side effects: weight gain, fluid retention in the body, increased pressure, hair growth began on the face, abdomen, chest and legs. Now, fifth-generation * face-to-face tablets with minimal side effects have been developed. Let's try to dispel the main concerns about hormones. Most of all, women are afraid of gaining weight from pills in accordance with the stereotype that developed in the 60s of the last century, when women really got fat from the first high-dose hormonal pills. The current generation contains significantly fewer hormones, and do not affect weight. Only some women, after taking it, can gain weight or lose 1-2 kg. Some people are afraid to take *full-time pills all the time, although in the absence of medical contraindications, this should not be done. Doctors note that interruptions in taking are even harmful, since the body does not have time to tune in. You should not be afraid of problems with subsequent pregnancy, on the contrary, after stopping hormones, the likelihood of becoming pregnant increases sharply. Young women who are sexually irregular prefer taking one tablet after intercourse to regular *face-to-face tablets. However, postcoital contraceptives contain large doses hormones and frequent use they are guaranteed a violation of the hormonal background, as well as various diseases and even infertility. Such tablets are used only urgently. You should not be afraid of the appearance of acne, excessive hairiness and deterioration of the menstrual cycle from oral contraceptives. On the contrary, some pills are used to treat acne, reduce the diameter of the hair and regulate the menstrual cycle, reduce the amount of discharge and stop pain. Often women refuse hormones due to fear of developing ovarian and breast cancer, but regular use even reduces the risk of these diseases. In conclusion, we emphasize that the selection by a doctor of *full-time pills will reliably protect you from unwanted pregnancy and will not harm your body.

Prescribing hormonal drugs often scares people. There are many myths around hormones. But most of them are fundamentally wrong. Myth 1: Hormonal drugs are special *intravenous pills for women. No. Hormonal preparations are medicines obtained synthetically. They act like natural hormones produced in our body. There are many organs in the human body that secrete hormones: female and male reproductive organs, endocrine glands, central nervous system and others. Accordingly, hormonal preparations can be different, and they are prescribed for a variety of diseases. Female hormonal preparations (containing female sex hormones) may or may not have *intrinsic action. Sometimes, on the contrary, they normalize the hormonal background and contribute to the onset of pregnancy. Preparations containing male sex hormones are prescribed to men with a decrease in the quality of the ejaculate (that is, sperm motility), with hypofunction, and a decrease in the level of male sex hormones. Myth 2: Hormones are prescribed only for very severe diseases No. There are a number of non-severe diseases in which hormonal drugs are also prescribed. For example, decreased thyroid function (hypofunction). Doctors often prescribe hormones in this case, for example, thyroxine or eutiroks. Myth 3: If you do not take a hormonal pill on time, then nothing bad will happen. No. Hormonal preparations should be taken strictly by the hour. For example, *an intravenous hormonal pill lasts 24 hours. Accordingly, it is necessary to drink it once a day. There are drugs that you need to drink 2 times a day. These are some male sex hormones, as well as corticosteroids (eg, dexamethasone). Moreover, it is recommended to take hormones at the same time of day. If you drink hormones irregularly, or forget to drink at all, the level of the necessary hormone can drop sharply. Let's take an example. If a woman has forgotten to take * a full-time hormonal pill, the next day she should take the forgotten evening pill in the morning, and another pill in the evening of the same day. If the interval between doses was more than a day (recall: * full-time hormonal pill is valid for 24 hours), then the level of hormones in the blood will decrease very much. In response to this, insignificant bloody issues. In such cases, you can continue taking *full-time pills, but take additional protection for the next week. If more than 3 days have passed, it is necessary to stop taking hormones, use other means of contraception, wait for the onset of menstruation and additionally consult a doctor. Myth 4: If you take hormones, they accumulate in the body No. When the hormone enters the body, it immediately breaks down into chemical compounds, which are then excreted from the body. For example, *an intravenous tablet breaks down and “leaves” the body during the day: that is why it needs to be taken every 24 hours. However, hormonal drugs continue to "work" after they have stopped taking them. But they work indirectly. For example, a woman drinks for several months hormonal pills, then stops taking them, and in the future she has no problems with the cycle.

To date, * face-to-face pills or more correctly - hormonal contraceptives are the best remedy prevention of unwanted pregnancy. But it makes sense to use them if a woman has only one sexual partner, since sexually transmitted infections cannot be prevented with hormonal contraceptives. The history of *intrinsic pills Hormonal *intrinsic pills entered our lives almost fifty years ago. The first generation of these drugs had many side effects, the most unpleasant of which were an increase in body weight and the appearance of male features in a woman (hair and distribution of fatty tissue along male type). In connection with the pronounced side effects, hormonal contraceptives were used in those days little. Modern hormonal *full-time pills are not at all like their predecessors: synthetic hormones, similar to natural ones, made it possible to reduce doses several times without compromising the effectiveness of the drugs. Low doses of hormones are so reduced side effects hormonal contraceptives that they have become almost invisible. However, conscientious manufacturers must indicate the possibility of side effects in the instructions. A woman's menstrual cycle as a basis for obtaining an *intrinsic effect A woman's menstrual cycle begins on the first day of menstruation and ends on the first day of the next menstruation. In total, the cycle is from 18 to 35 days, but most often there are 28 or 21. The entire cycle consists of three periods. The first period is the maturation of the egg in the ovary. The egg is located in the ovary in a special vesicle - the follicle. Under the influence of pituitary hormones (the main endocrine gland in our body, which is located in the brain and affects all other endocrine glands, including the ovaries) and estrogens (ovarian hormones), the egg matures and the uterine mucosa is prepared for the introduction of a fertilized eggs. During this period, the leading role is played by the pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogens, which are produced in increased quantities. The second period begins after the rupture of the follicle and the release of a mature egg from the ovary into abdominal cavity and fallopian tubes for meeting with the spermatozoon and fertilization. This period is called ovulation. Ovulation occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle. The third period begins immediately after ovulation and ends with the first day of the next menstruation. During this period, a new endocrine gland, the corpus luteum, begins to work in place of the burst follicle. corpus luteum secretes the hormone progesterone, which continues to prepare the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity for the implantation of the embryo and secretes a viscous mucus that clogs the cervix, blocking access to the uterus for spermatozoa. In addition, progesterone inhibits the maturation of new follicles that would interfere with pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, then the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity is shed and menstrual bleeding begins and at the same time the first period of a new menstrual cycle. During the menstrual cycle, there are periods when pregnancy cannot occur (the period of absolute sterility - the third period of the menstrual cycle), when pregnancy is most likely not to occur (the period of relative sterility - the first half of the first period) and the period when pregnancy is most likely (time ovulation plus two days). How *intrinsic tablets work Almost all *intrinsic tablets contain increased amount synthetic analogues of female sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone. Under the influence of a large amount of estrogens, the production of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone is inhibited (pituitary hormones are actively released when the amount of estrogens decreases and decrease when they increase), which means that egg maturation is inhibited. Progesterone, for its part, also prevents the maturation of the follicle and stimulates the secretion of viscous mucus, which does not allow sperm to enter the uterine cavity. All *full-time pills are usually prescribed for 21 days, the next 7 days the pills are not taken, which contributes to the rejection of the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity and the appearance menstrual bleeding. The next pill intake begins strictly after seven days, even if the bleeding has not ended. Types of *full-time pills Hormonal contraceptives can contain only one type of hormone, then they are called single-component. If the tablets contain two types of hormones, they are called combined. In addition, tablets may contain different doses of hormones depending on the day of the menstrual cycle. For more convenient reception, such tablets are usually painted in different colors. Hormonal contraceptives can be monophasic (the same dosage in all tablets), biphasic (two types of tablets) and triphasic (three types of tablets). The obstetrician-gynecologist of the antenatal clinic selects a hormonal contraceptive after a preliminary examination of the woman. The guarantee of the good effectiveness of the drug is its correct accurate intake every day at the same hours.

Anything can happen in a woman's life. Including unplanned sexual contact in advance. Let's not think about the bad, let's assume that the conversation will only be about a sudden surge of passion and, accordingly, the lack of contraceptives at hand. Gynecology took care of its patients - specialists have developed a number of medications, which are means of postcoital, or emergency, contraception.

Emergency contraceptives

To drugs emergency contraception include drugs that can minimize the risk of pregnancy if sexual intercourse occurs without the use of contraceptives. It is necessary to take these drugs as soon as possible after the completion of intercourse. This is the only way to guarantee an effective contraceptive effect.

If we look at the statistics on the reliability of emergency contraceptives that gynecology has today, we can see that the drugs are effective in 70% of cases. But, we emphasize this again, the picture reflects the statistics only of those cases when postcoital contraceptives were taken by patients immediately after sexual intercourse, without delay.

The effect of emergency contraceptives

Emergency contraceptives, like many conventional oral contraceptives, are hormonal drugs that work to prevent conception or ovulation. If the fetus is already conceived, such drugs will not provoke an abortion, they will not force the fertilized egg to leave the uterus.

In theory, the ideal effect of postcoital contraceptives looks like preventing the fixation of a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity. But gynecology does not have actual evidence of just such a mechanism of action. All this, of course, does not mean that pregnant women can take drugs of this series. In addition, the drug option is not the most reliable method of emergency contraception.

Intrauterine device

Most effective tool in case of unwanted pregnancy after unprotected intercourse is the installation intrauterine device(produced in the next five days after intercourse), backed up by taking oral contraceptives.

For these purposes, the widely used Postinor or Plan B tablets, taken with an interval of 12 hours, are best suited. The required dosage is written by the manufacturer on the packaging. The action of the tablets can be alternated with the setting vaginal suppositories- This reduces the likelihood of side effects in the form of nausea and vomiting.

You should also be prepared for the fact that the menstrual cycle after taking these drugs may go astray. But the main thing - if the desire to give birth to a child comes, a consultation with a gynecologist is mandatory before pregnancy.

Hormones have a significant effect on female body and its functions. Water-salt balance, metabolism, condition of bone tissues, sexual development and fertility are just a few of them. Certain hormones, such as insulin, which controls blood glucose, should not be taken orally because digestive system will destroy it. However, many others are well absorbed and available as tablets, capsules, and dragees.

Gynecologists and endocrinologists often prescribe hormonal drugs to women to treat diseases or control specific bodily functions that are closely related to hormone production.

FEMALE HORMONAL PILLS: LIST AND DESCRIPTION

Estrogens

In women, these sex hormones are normally produced in sufficient quantities by the ovaries. The doctor may prescribe estrogens in the form of female hormone pills for menopause (such as Femoston or Divina) to treat hot flashes, fever, vaginal dryness, and other symptoms. They can be prescribed for amenorrhea and deficiency of this female hormone. In addition, estrogens can be shown to prevent osteoporosis and bone loss in postmenopausal women after 40–45 years of age.

Female hormonal products that contain only estrogen may increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Combination hormone replacement therapy with hormone pills that contain both estrogen and progestogen usually does not cause this side effect. This combination is also used as a contraceptive.

The most popular hormonal pills and estrogen preparations for women in Russia and the CIS, which can be bought at a pharmacy:

patch Klimara (Climara) - estradiol,
dragee Proginova (Proginova) - estradiol valerate,
tablets Estrofem (Estrofem) - estradiol,
gel Divigel (Divigel) - estradiol,
Estrogel gel (Oestrogel) - estradiol (in the form of hemihydrate),
candles Ovestin (Ovestin) - estriol (estriol).

Additional list of female hormonal drugs with estrogens (names):

Cenestin (Senestin) tablets,
femtrace,
Ogen (Ogen),
Vivelle Dot,
menest,
Elestrin (including in the form of a gel),
Femring (vaginal estrogen)
Premarin (Premarin),
Evamist (estrogen skin spray)
Vagifem (Vagifem),
Minivelle (patch),
Estrace (also as a vaginal cream)
enjuvia,
Estrasorb
Estring,
Estraderm (Estraderm),
Yuvafem (Yuvafem),
Alora,
Delestrogen (Delestrogen),
Depo-Estradiol,
esclim,
Estradot (Estradot),
Gynodiol,
Menostar,
Oesclim,
Ortho-Est.

Hormonal preparations are prescription! The use of any of them is possible only on the recommendation of a doctor and after passing the tests. Taking hormones has a large list of contraindications and side effects, before using them, you must carefully read the instructions.

If there are symptoms (anovulation and infertility, and / or male pattern baldness) and indications based on the results of the tests, the girl can also be prescribed.

Progestogens and their combinations with estrogen

Progestogens (progestins, gestagens) are synthetic hormones that, once in the female body, work like natural progesterone. Combination preparations of estrogen and progestogen are most commonly used as birth control pills. They suppress ovulation, without which conception is impossible. Combined contraceptives are also sometimes prescribed to reduce pain or bleeding caused by endometriosis or fibroids.

Instead of COCs, girls are sometimes prescribed female hormonal mini-pills. They do not contain estrogen, but contain only a small dose of progestin. For emergency contraception, progestin pills can also be prescribed, but in a more high dose(Plan B, Next Choice).

Progestins are also used to treat amenorrhea, premenstrual tension, and abnormal uterine bleeding.

Commonly prescribed progestogen preparations for women:

tablets Duphaston (Duphaston) - dydrogesterone,
capsules Utrozhestan (Utrogectan) - progesterone,
gel Progestogel (Progestogel) - progesterone,
spiral Mirena (Mirena) - levonorgestrel,
tablets Postinor (Postinor) - levonorgestrel,
tab. Exluton - linestrenol,
tab. Norkolut - norethisterone.

Combined estrogen-gestagenic female hormonal preparations:

Femoston tablets (Femoston),
dragee Femoden (Femoden),
tab. Mercilon (Mercilon),
dragee Klimonorm (Klimonorm),
tab. Marvelon (Marvelon),
tab. Divina (Divina),
dragee Cyclo-Proginova (Cyclo-Proginova),
tab. Microgynon (Microgynon),
tbl. Marvelon (Marvelon),
Drzh Trikvilar (Triquilar).

Additional list of drugs:

Megace ES,
Plan B,
Heather,
Fallback Solo,
Next Choice,
kyleena,
Megace (Megeys),
Opcicon One Step,
Makena,
skyla,
aftera,
Provera,
Implanon (Implanon NKST),
Ortho Micronor,
Aygestin,
liletta,
Lisa (Lisa),
Jencycla,
Nexplanon (Nexplanon),
debo-subQ provera 104 (injections),
Jolivette,
Nora Be,
EContra EZ,
Crinon (Crinone),
Nor QD,
endometrin,
First Progesterone MC10,
hylutin,
Prodrox.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroid hormone pills work in the same way as natural cortisol and other hormones produced by the adrenal glands. The corticosteroid drugs most commonly prescribed by doctors are hydrocortisone (Cortef), dexamethasone, methylprednisolone (Medrol), and prednisone.

These drugs have anti-inflammatory properties and are often prescribed in the treatment of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, including seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, asthma, arthritis, lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis etc. Hydrocortisone is also indicated for people with adrenal insufficiency and low cortisol.

Levothyroxine

Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) - drugs with this active substance used to treat people with hypothyroidism. This condition is more common in women and usually occurs when the immune system begins to attack thyroid gland. The risk of hypothyroidism increases with age and occurs in approximately 10% of women and 6% of men over 65 years of age.

WOMEN'S HORMONAL PILLS: CONTRAINDICATIONS AND EFFECTS ON THE ORGANISM

Before starting hormone therapy, be sure to tell your doctor if you have:

have or have had vaginal bleeding,
there is a predisposition to certain types of cancer (uterine, ovarian, breast),
have or may develop blood clots, stroke, heart problems,
circulatory disorders,
diseases,
suspicion of pregnancy.

Hormonal medications have side effects. Serious problems health problems may occur in women taking hormone therapy at menopause over the age of 50 years.

Hormonal pills were invented in the middle of the last century as a cure for unwanted pregnancy. Currently, many drugs have been created that, in addition, can help get rid of inflammatory processes in the uterus, ovaries, or vagina. Contraceptives are suitable for young girls who have recently started sexual life. There are special forms high content hormones for the treatment of severe pathologies.

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Hormonal remedies for women

Hormonal preparations are used by women as a means of contraception and for the treatment of diseases of the genital organs.

In pharmacology, there are several types of drugs. First, they are divided according to the change in the amount of hormones in the composition:

Monophasic- the dosage of hormones in all tablets is the same. This group includes: Regulon, Jeanine, Logest.
Two-phase- the amount of hormones varies depending on the 1st or 2nd phase of the cycle. Representatives: Femoston, Bifosil, Binovum.
Three-phase- according to the name, the amount of hormones is changed three times during the entire period of the menstrual cycle in women. These are the following medicines: Tri-Regol, Tri-Merci, Triziston.

The hormonal cycle of a woman

The following list divides oral contraceptives into:

1. Microdosed- they are recommended for girls under 24 years of age. Example: Jess, Clayra, Zoely.
2. Low dose- assigned to older women and those who gave birth. Also, girls who, when using drugs of the 1st group, experience bleeding before menstruation, switch to low-dose COCs. These include: Diana, Yarina, Chloe.
3. Highly dosed- are used for the treatment of diseases of the uterus and ovaries, as they contain a large number of hormones. These drugs may cause side effects. Representatives are: Triquilar, Ovidon, Triziston.

There is an additional group of substances (oral contraceptives), which contains only 1 type of hormone - progestogen. It leads to violations of the movement of sperm to the egg, therefore, it only affects pregnancy. These are the following medicines: Charozetta, Exluton.

Microdosed COCs

Preparations from this list are most often prescribed to young girls who have just begun sexual activity and have not been pregnant. They are not harmful to the female body.

The hormonal agent Jess includes a synthetic analogue of estradiol and drospirenone. The medicine stops the onset of ovulation and prevents the fusion of the egg with the sperm. It has an antiandrogenic effect on the body, reducing the production of male hormones in the blood, so it can be used to treat acne, alopecia, seborrhea and other endocrine diseases. Normalizes the cycle nulliparous girls promotes regular bleeding and prevents the development of cancer.

Drospirenone has a positive effect on the synthesis of mineral corticoids in the body, so even prolonged use of Jess tablets does not lead to the appearance of extra pounds and psycho-emotional disorders.

Qlaira is also a combined contraceptive. Contains both gestagenic and estrogen components. The drug suppresses the onset of pregnancy by thickening the contents cervical canal. Prevents hyperplasia of the mucous membranes of the uterus. Indication for the appointment of this medicinal composition is a situation where young girls menstruate for a long time and lose a lot of blood.

Zoely includes nomegestrol and estradiol. The medicine should be used only for contraception - the drug is not suitable for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.

It is not recommended to drink microdose COCs for girls with diseases of the pancreas, kidneys and liver. You should also limit the use of these drugs in severe endocrine pathology, pituitary tumors and severe hypertension.

With prolonged use, some women develop side effects, in particular, edema appears and weight increases, as well as dryness of the mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth.

Low dose tablets

These drugs are not dangerous and do not harm the health of a woman. They are prescribed for middle-aged patients who have already given birth and need contraception. The drugs contain an increased dose of hormones.

Diane is a monophasic contraceptive that contains estrogen and cyproterone acetate. The drug inhibits the release of mature eggs for subsequent fusion, reduces the activity of testosterone in the woman's body and blocks androgen receptors, as a result of which the voice is restored in patients with androgen-dependent pathologies and the condition of the skin of the face improves.

The drug is intended for the treatment of endocrine disorders (alopecia, hirsutism, androgenization), polycystic ovaries.

Yarina contains drospirenone and an estrogen derivative. Renders effective contraceptive effect, blocks ovulation and disrupts the movement of spermatozoa. Prevents the appearance of anemic syndrome, cancer and hyperplasia of the mucous membranes. The medicine is used only for contraceptive purposes.

Chloe also belongs to monophasic oral contraceptives with pronounced antiandrogenic activity. The tablets contain cyproterone and estradiol.

Chloe is used in the treatment of seborrhea, androgenism, alopecia, hirsutism and acne vulgaris.

Contraindications are:

pathology of the heart and liver;
vascular thrombosis;
pregnancy and lactation.

High-dose COCs

This group of tablets is used mainly for the treatment of certain diseases.

Triquilar is a three-phase agent containing a combination of hormones. The main effect of the drug is the change deep layers the endometrium of the uterus, which leads to a violation of the implantation of the egg. Also, the drug disrupts ovulation.

As a rule, Triquilar is not used to prevent pregnancy due to frequent adverse reactions. The drug is used to treat endometriosis, heavy bleeding, and the establishment of a regular menstrual cycle.

Complications include severe suppression of libido, migraine, visual disturbances, vomiting, rash, diarrhea, thromboembolism, and increased blood pressure.

Ovidon tablets contain levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol. The drug is used to prevent bleeding from fallopian tubes and cervix, for the treatment of pain during menstruation. Also, the tool helps to restore a regular cycle.

Contraindications for the use of this group of drugs are:

pregnancy;
violation of the psyche and emotions (depression, nervous excitement, schizophrenia, parkinsonism);
hereditary anemia;
breast tumors.

One-component products

Charozetta and Exluton contain only desogestrel, a progestogen derivative that disrupts the movement of spermatozoa to the egg due to the thickening of mucus in the uterus. Both drugs have the same properties.

Medicines are used to prevent unwanted pregnancies, unlike other COCs, they have fewer side effects and are more expensive.

Side effects are represented by moderate headache, urticaria, dyspepsia and libido disorders, but they develop extremely rarely.

The package contains 21 tablets, designed for 28 days of the cycle. If the patient missed taking the medicine, the next day you need to drink both tablets at the same time.

Overview of the most popular drugs

There is a list hormonal drugs which are prescribed by gynecologists most often.

Regulon

Contains ethinylestradiol and desogestrel.

The drug is used to prevent pregnancy and as a source of additional female hormones. The mechanism of action is based on the suppression of the pituitary function, which is associated with the synthesis of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones. As a result, ovulation is disturbed, mucus thickens in the lumen of the vagina and cervix, which creates unfavorable conditions for the fusion of the egg with spermatozoa.

Estradiol begins to be synthesized independently in the body of a woman - this is the hormone of the 1st phase of the menstrual cycle. With its help, the ovaries develop and the egg is released. Ethinylestradiol blocks the release of a mature egg into the lumen of the fallopian tubes, reduces the amount blood secretions and reduces pain.

Desogestrel is an analogue of progesterone, therefore it has an antiandrogenic effect. In women, facial hair stops growing (as in men), acne disappears and the condition of the skin improves.

Regulon is used to treat dysmenorrhea, uterine bleeding, premenstrual syndrome and to prevent pregnancy. The drug reduces pain in the lower abdomen in women, treats aching pain in the breast and reduces the size of uterine fibroids.

Contraindications include: current pregnancy, liver disease, jaundice, high blood pressure, migraine headaches, herpes, estrogen-dependent tumors and itching. In some women, while taking COCs, arterial hypertension develops, hearing decreases. 1% of patients develop systemic diseases connective tissue, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

Regulon must be drunk from the 1st day of the cycle - this is the first day after the end of blood discharge. The package contains 21 tablets, after taking the last one, you need to stop using the medicine for 1 week. At this time, the woman begins to bleed, during which you need to start taking a new package.

In case of overdose, there is a risk of developing convulsions or vomiting. In such cases, it is necessary to do a gastric lavage and consult a doctor.

Janine

Jeanine contains dienogest and ethinylestradiol. The drug inhibits the maturation of follicles in the ovaries and suppresses the release of pituitary hormones. After using the product, the structure of cervical mucus is disturbed, and spermatozoa cannot penetrate inside.

Jeanine reduces the risk of developing anemic syndrome, since the severity of bleeding decreases during the use of tablets.

Dienogest is a member of the progestogen group, which is an analogue of nortestosterone. The effect of taking the substance is to reduce testosterone activity, so the acne on the face disappears in the patients, the hair on the chest falls out, and so on. Ethinylestradiol blocks the development of healthy eggs.

The drug is used to treat acne vulgaris, androgenetic alopecia, seborrhea, hirsutism and prevention of pregnancy.

Do not drink the drug to patients with vein thrombosis, heart attack, angina pectoris, paroxysmal tachycardia, diabetes, liver failure and in liver tumors.

Side effects after taking a contraceptive:

headache;
an increase in the size of the mammary glands;
decreased libido;
nausea and vomiting;
skin rashes;
jaundice;
small fluctuations in weight;
water retention in the body;
allergy.

The package contains 21 tablets, which must be drunk 1 for 3 weeks. This is followed by a break of 7 days, during which bleeding should appear.

If you miss taking any COC, the next day you need to drink 2 tablets: the missed one and the current one. It is recommended to take them at the same time so that the concentration of hormones in the blood is maintained for 24 hours.

Logest

Logest is combined remedy containing gestodene and ethinyl estradiol. The drug increases the viscosity of the vaginal mucus and disrupts the processes of ovulation, prevents the release of a mature egg from the tubes and inhibits the speed of movement of male sex cells inside the uterus.

Gestodene is a synthetic analogue of a woman's gestagens, it actively acts on the ovaries and inhibits the growth of follicles. The medicine is prescribed only for contraception.

Do not use this tool in case of violations heart rate, high blood pressure, diabetes, pancreatitis, mastitis, during an existing pregnancy, vein thrombosis lower extremities.

Undesirable side effects:

the appearance of acne;
stomach ache;
depression;
swelling;
jaundice;
rash;
vaginal discharge.

Tablets should be taken every day for 3 weeks. It is correct to do this starting from the 1st day of the cycle. If the patient takes Logest from the 2nd or 3rd day of the cycle, it is necessary to prevent sexual contact, as the concentration of hormones will be insufficient, or use a condom in addition.

In case of an overdose, vomiting and nausea occur. You can not take antibiotics at the same time, as the therapeutic activity of the latter decreases.

Femoston

Femoston contains estradiol and dydrogesterone. There are several types of this drug, differing in concentration. The drug has anti-menopausal activity.

Estradiol is an analogue of natural estrogen, which is necessary for women during menopause. Estrogen has a positive effect on the autonomic nervous system and normalizes the mental activity of a woman, eliminates excessive sweating, mood disturbances and insomnia.

Dydrogesterone has a progestogenic effect, but does not affect androgen function and does not have an anabolic effect. It provides replacement therapy for the lack of gestagens, which is noted during menopause.

Femoston is used in the postmenopausal period to eliminate hormone deficiency. Taking the drug prevents the development of bone fractures, hair loss, caries.

Contraindications include:

hormone-dependent tumors;
mammary cancer;
bleeding from the vagina;
hyperplasia of the endometrium of the uterus;
inflammation in the wall of blood vessels.

Femoston is contraindicated in girls under 18 and pregnant women.

With prolonged use of tablets, sexual desire decreases, edema appears on the legs, gastritis develops, and nervous excitement increases.

Tri-Regol

Tri-Regol contains ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel. The latter is an inhibitor of the production of gonadotropins - pituitary hormones that regulate the production of eggs. As a result, after using Tri-Regol, healthy eggs are not released and pregnancy does not develop. Ethinylestradiol acts on the vaginal mucus - thickens its contents and prevents the free penetration of spermatozoa.

Also, the drug normalizes the menstrual cycle, promotes the onset of bleeding after long delay caused by a lack of hormones in a woman.

Contraindications:

jaundice;
age over 39 years;
diabetes;
vascular sclerosis;
cystic skid;
colitis;
phlebitis;
vaginal bleeding of unknown origin.

In some women, the effect on the body is expressed by the following undesirable effects:

depressive states;
amenorrhea;
acne;
Crohn's disease;
lupus and other connective tissue diseases.

The package contains 21 tablets - this is enough for 3 weeks. 6 pink tablets should be taken during the first six days, then the next 5 days you should drink white tablets, after which - 10 pills yellow color. The order of use in the package is indicated by numbers and arrows.

In case of overdose, vomiting is noted, may develop uterine bleeding. With these symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Tri Mercy

Tri-Merci is a three-phase agent with ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel. The tablets differ in color, the concentration and ratio of hormonal components in them changes.

The mechanism of action of Tri-Merci is associated with the suppression of the activity of female sex hormones. This leads to a decrease in the size of the ovaries, a change in the structure of the uterine mucosa, which prevents the implantation of spermatozoa. These effects are provided by the gestagen, which is part of the tablets. Dihydrotestosterone also helps to get rid of acne caused by an excess of male hormones in women. Estradiol regulates the cycle and relieves pain during bleeding.

The drug is intended to prevent the development of pregnancy in women. reproductive age. You can not drink this remedy for arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vascular atherosclerosis, endometriosis, pregnancy, breastfeeding, Gilbert and Rotor syndrome. With caution, Tri-Merci is prescribed to patients with thrombosis of the veins of the lower extremities and with hypertrophy of the heart muscle.

The package contains 7 tablets different color. First of all, they drink yellow, then red and white tablets. After 21 days, a week break follows, and a new cycle begins.

Symptoms of overdose are repeated vomiting and abdominal pain. Application required activated carbon or other sorbents.

Triziston

Triziston is available in the form of tablets that contain levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol.

Levonorgestrel is an analogue of nortestosterone, which has gestagenic activity: it binds to receptors in the uterus and disrupts the maturation of the endometrium, ovarian follicles and prevents ovulation. Estradiols disrupt the movement of spermatozoa.

Triziston is used for contraception and for the treatment of various functional disorders(absence of menstruation for 2 months or more, with pain syndrome during menstruation, etc.).