Replacement of blood vessels on the heart operation is called. Operations on the heart. Center for Cardiac Surgery Duiburg - Germany
Heart surgery helps to cure many diseases of cardio-vascular system that are not amenable to standard therapeutic methods. Surgical treatment may be different ways, depending on the individual pathology and the general condition of the patient.
Indications for surgical treatment
Cardiac surgery is a field of medicine in which physicians specialize in studying, inventing methods and performing operations on the heart. The most complex and dangerous cardiac surgery is heart transplantation. Regardless of what type of surgery will be performed, there are general indications:
- rapid progress of the disease of the cardiovascular system;
- ineffectiveness of conservative therapy;
- untimely visit to the doctor.
Heart surgery provides an opportunity to improve general state the patient and eliminate the disturbing symptoms. Surgical treatment after complete medical examination and establishing an accurate diagnosis.
Do operations for congenital heart defects or acquired. A congenital defect is detected in a newborn immediately after birth or before delivery on ultrasound examination. Thanks to modern technologies and methods in many cases, it is possible to detect and cure heart disease in newborns in time.
An indication for surgical intervention can also be coronary disease, which is sometimes accompanied by such a serious complication as myocardial infarction. Another reason for surgery may be a violation of the heart rhythm, since this disease tends to cause ventricular fibrillation (scattered contraction of fibers). The doctor should tell the patient how to properly prepare for heart surgery in order to avoid negative consequences and complications (such as a blood clot).
Advice: proper preparation to heart surgery is the key to successful patient recovery and prevention postoperative complications such as a thrombus or occlusion of a vessel.
Operation types
Cardiac surgery can be performed on open heart and also on a beating heart. Closed operation on the heart is usually performed without affecting the organ itself and its cavity. Open heart surgery involves opening the chest and connecting the patient to a ventilator.
During open heart surgery, a temporary cardiac arrest is performed for several hours, which allows you to perform the necessary manipulations. This technique makes it possible to cure complex heart disease, but is considered more traumatic.
Surgery on a beating heart uses special equipment so that the heart continues to contract and pump blood during surgery. The advantages of this surgery include the absence of such complications as embolism, stroke, pulmonary edema, etc.
There are the following types of heart operations, which are considered the most common in cardiology practice:
- radiofrequency ablation;
- coronary artery bypass grafting;
- valve prosthetics;
- Operation Glenn and Operation Ross.
If surgery is performed with access through a vessel or vein, endovascular surgery (stenting, angioplasty) is used. Endovascular surgery is a branch of medicine that allows surgical intervention under x-ray control and using miniature instruments.
Endovascular surgery makes it possible to cure the defect and avoid the complications that abdominal surgery gives, helps in the treatment of arrhythmias and rarely gives such a complication as a thrombus.
Advice: surgical treatment pathologies of the heart has its advantages and disadvantages, therefore, for each patient, the most suitable type of operation is selected, which carries fewer complications for him.
Radiofrequency or catheter ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive surgical intervention that has a high therapeutic effect and has a minimal amount of side effects. This treatment has been shown atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, heart failure and other cardiac pathologies.
By itself, arrhythmia is not a serious pathology requiring surgical intervention, but can lead to serious complications. Thanks to RFA, it is possible to restore normal heartbeat and eliminate main reason his violations.
RFA is performed using catheter technology and under X-ray control. Heart surgery is underway local anesthesia and consists in leading the catheter to the necessary part of the organ, which sets the wrong rhythm. Through an electrical impulse under the action of RFA, the normal rhythm of the heart is restored.
Attention! The information on the site is provided by experts, but is for informational purposes and cannot be used for self-treatment. Be sure to consult a doctor!
Such surgical manipulations are within the competence of cardiac surgeons, and are one of the most complex in nature. Heart surgery is a last resort in the treatment of serious cardiovascular diseases, which are resorted to in order to improve the quality of life of the patient, and sometimes even save his life.
In Russia, the type of surgical intervention in question is not practiced as often - as, for example, in America, or in European countries. First of all, this is due to the cost of such treatment: not every citizen of the Russian Federation is able to pay the costs of the operation out of his own pocket.
At the same time, this branch of medicine in domestic medical institutions constantly evolving, which enables patients to receive qualified advice and assistance when applying.
When is heart surgery performed - indications and timing
The main pathologies that may require surgical intervention are:
- Poor myocardial blood supply. Similar state in medical circles is called coronary heart disease. IHD can lead to the formation of an aneurysm, extensive thrombosis. With all the described ailments, certain surgical procedures on the heart may be required.
- Heart defects that have both innate and acquired nature. Many structural defects heart valve incompatible with life. Therefore, such pathologies are diagnosed even in the prenatal period, and the operation itself is carried out in the first days of the baby's life.
- Failures in the frequency, sequence and rhythm of heart contraction, - arrhythmias.
Common indications for heart surgery are the following pathological conditions:
- Active deterioration of vital signs against the background of the development of underlying heart disease.
- failure to drug therapy deal with symptoms of illness.
- Noticeable deterioration in the functioning of the heart muscle that cannot be eliminated with medications.
- advanced stage of the disease. This happens when the patient does not seek qualified help in time.
It should also be taken into account that any surgical manipulations on the heart carry a risk and are fraught with the development of a number of exacerbations in the rehabilitation period. Doctors turn to such treatment when other measures do not bring the desired effect.
In addition, heart surgery requires a comprehensive examination of the patient and careful preparation for the operation. This will ensure a successful recovery and minimize the likelihood of postoperative complications.
Based on the patient's condition, the type of surgical intervention under consideration is:
- emergency. IN similar situation, examination and preparation are carried out in a minimum volume, and the operation itself is carried out in as soon as possible. This type of manipulation is prescribed for life-threatening conditions, when every minute counts: with aneurysm rupture, extensive myocardial infarction. Often emergency interventions on the heart is performed on a newborn with a complex heart disease.
- Urgent. There is time for diagnostic and preparatory measures, but not much. After receiving the results of the examination, surgical treatment of the heart disease is carried out.
- planned. In some medical sources, this type of operation is called elective. After detailed study condition of the patient, the cardiosurgeon finally decides on the need for surgical intervention. Together with the patient or his parents (when operating on a child), it is agreed exact date carrying out the operation.
Closed and open heart surgeries - how they are performed and to whom they are prescribed
Based on the type of defect to be eliminated, apply various methods surgical intervention:
Note!
Not so long ago, a new direction in the treatment of heart defects began to be applied in cardiac surgery - X-ray surgery. In essence, they are minimally invasive - the doctor makes small incisions or punctures, and brings special instruments to the heart zone through the catheter. An access point can be, incl. and femoral vessels. Using cans, you can increase the diameter of the narrowed valve - or reduce it by opening the patch (its design is similar to an umbrella). With the help of expanding tubules, vascular stenosis is eliminated.
The progress of the entire procedure is monitored through the monitor screen - this ensures the effectiveness of the operation, as well as its safety for the patient. In addition, during the manipulation under consideration, general anesthesia is not used: the doctor is limited to anesthesia with mini-accesses.
X-ray surgery can be both the main and auxiliary methods of treating errors in the work of the heart.
Most popular types of heart surgery
To date, the following operations are used in cardiac surgery practice:
1. With coronary heart disease:
2. In case of diagnosing heart disease:
3. In the presence of arrhythmia:
In cases where the treatment of individual anatomical structures of the heart is impossible or ineffective, and main body for pumping blood cannot cope with its main function - they perform heart transplant .
This operation is fraught with a number of complications, among which is graft rejection.
Today, scientists are conducting research to maximize the life extension of those who have survived heart transplants.
The operation on the heart, which at one time was compared with the first manned flight into space, is exactly 50 years old. It is very pleasant that our surgeon Vasily Kolesov conceived and executed it. Now it is one of the most common procedures in the world to prevent a heart attack and bears the name of its developer.
"The Soviet surgeon dared to raise his hand on his heart" - in 1964 this news outraged the entire world medical community. No one believed that coronary heart disease could be cured surgical method. Numerous experiments on animals ended unsuccessfully. But Vasily Ivanovich Kolesov, a professor at the Leningrad Medical University, proves that operating on a healthy heart in dogs and a diseased heart in humans is not the same thing, and he decides on a bold experiment.
Stanislav Pudyakov then assisted the surgeon. Remembers: 44-year-old patient was tortured severe pain in the region of the heart.
“His idea, if compared historically, is similar to the thoughts of Tsiolkovsky, who said that tomorrow we will be on the moon. They didn’t believe him until they really flew. And until Vasily Ivanovich did this first operation, no one believed in it” - says Stanislav Pudyakov.
The surgeon operated on a beating heart, which was also hard to believe. No one had done this before Kolesov, neither in our country nor in the world. Moreover, the doctor literally felt the sore spot with his hands. The equipment for diagnosing heart diseases simply did not exist then.
To restore the normal blood supply to the heart, Kolesov singled out the internal thoracic artery and sewed it to the coronary below the site of narrowing caused by the so-called atherosclerotic plaque. The blood flow went around, the patient was saved from a heart attack.
People after the operation quickly returned to normal life and forever forgot about the pills. About operations that saved people from heart attacks and pains in the heart, they started talking abroad as a sensation. American magazines wrote about Kolesov: "Pioneer of coronary surgery."
“There were confessions among colleagues, among foreigners. A lot of Americans, Germans, French came, they looked at these operations with great curiosity and really wanted to continue what was started here,” says surgeon Alexander Nemkov.
Vasily Kolesov immediately warned: it would not be easy for young surgeons to repeat this. From now on, operations must be performed on a stopped heart. The advice was regarded as a guide to action. In 1967, American surgeons put them on stream.
Treatment method coronary disease heart, proposed by Vasily Ivanovich Kolesov, and after 50 years is considered the most effective. Operations are performed by the best cardiac surgeons in clinics around the world. This is aerobatics, because, in fact, doctors must restart the main human organ.
“Speaking specifically about the operation of Vasily Ivanovich Kolesov, it is now being performed widely on a beating heart. What he did is incredible. The range of suture material that we use has changed, the needle holders that we use have changed incredibly. We use special magnifying lenses and we see this artery magnificently, which can be a millimeter, a millimeter and a half,” says surgeon Leo Bokeria.
Like half a century ago, coronary heart disease is the most common disease in the world. Now we can say with confidence that doctors have learned to deal with it. Thanks to revolutionary method Vasily Kolesov can save even the most difficult patients.
Heart surgery is performed only when other methods of therapy cannot help the patient's condition. Heart surgery can prevent death patient, but the risk of adverse outcome remains quite high.
Despite the fact that cardiac surgery does not stand still and develops, heart surgery is very difficult to perform. She is engaged the best specialists cardiac surgery. But even this important fact cannot shield the operated person from complex consequences.
Complications in postoperative period can even lead to death.
Indications for surgery
As mentioned earlier, cardiac surgery is used in cases where there are no other options to save the patient's life. Heart surgery requires a very serious approach.
Heart transplantation is considered the most complex and serious surgical intervention. The operation is carried out under the strict supervision of highly qualified specialists.
Indications for cardiac surgery of any complexity are as follows:
- transient development of ailments of the cardiovascular system;
- in the absence of results with drug treatment;
- late referral to a medical facility.
Heart surgery helps to improve the general condition of the patient and eliminate the symptoms of a tormenting disease.
Open heart surgery is performed only after a complete diagnostic study and making an accurate diagnosis by a cardio specialist.
Methods of surgical interventions
What are heart surgeries?
It's pretty important question if you are going to have this major surgery. You will also need to know how the operation goes and how it is done.
This is necessary in order to make, perhaps, the main decision in your life, on which all future fate will depend.
Closed Interventions
This is a heart operation that does not affect the organ itself. It is done without touching the heart. For its implementation, there is no need for special equipment, except for such as the instruments of the surgeon.
The heart cavity does not "open". That is why it is called "closed".
This intervention is carried out initial stage development of the disease, when the patient's condition can only be improved by operations.
Open Interventions
There is also open surgery. This type of operation requires the opening of the heart cavities in order to eradicate the existing pathology.
Open heart surgery is performed using a special device - heart-lung machine or heart-lung machine.
At open intervention the cavities are open, the heart and pulmonary organs are cut off from blood circulation. This makes it possible to intervene on a "dry" organ.
All blood through the vein goes to specialized surgical equipment. There they pass through artificial lungs, enriched with oxygen and release carbon dioxide, transforming from the blood of a vein into an arterial one. Then it is driven by a special pump into the aorta of the operated person, in other words, into big circle circulation.
Innovative techniques help all the "insides" of the equipment (also artificial lung), with which the patient's blood comes into contact, to create "disposable", that is, once for one person. This will reduce the possible disastrous consequences.
Today, the heart-lung machine helps to stop the functioning of the heart organ and lungs for several hours. Thereby allowing to carry out the hardest operations of open character.
X-ray surgical interventions
This type of intervention began to be used quite recently. But thanks to innovative equipment, they occupy an important place in heart surgery.
With the help of a special catheter, surgical instruments are inserted into a strip section of the cardiac organ, or into the opening of the vessel. Further, with the help of the pressure that the device creates, the valves of the abdominal incisions are opened. They amplify or distort the partitions, or vice versa, using the device, the distortion is eliminated.
Special tubes are introduced into the lumen of the necessary vessel, thereby helping to slightly open it.
The process during such operations is carefully monitored by a special computer and control is made over each action. Thanks to this, operations are performed with less risk of injury and with a greater likelihood of a favorable outcome.
If you have had an X-ray surgery, the effectiveness of it is higher.
Action plan before surgery
Before surgery on the cardiac organ, preparation is necessary. If you have enough time, at least a few days or weeks, you need to take care of your body. Eat healthy, rich useful elements food.
Get some rest, take a walk fresh air, follow physical exercise recommended by your healthcare professional.
Proper nutrition
Try to only use natural products meals every day and more than once, even if there is no appetite. Your body needs to consume a large number of proteins, vitamins and minerals.
Thanks to healthy eating, the surgery itself and rehabilitation period go more favorably.
Rest
Do not force your body to overwork before surgery. The more you rest, the stronger and stronger your body will become.
If your relatives want to visit you or invite you to visit, say that you need to gain strength before a difficult process. Relatives will always understand you and will not be offended.
Nicotine use
It has long been no secret to everyone that smoking has a negative effect even on the body. healthy person. What can we say about patients with cardiac pathology.
Nicotine affects the heart in the following negative way: it develops arteriosclerosis, increases pressure in blood vessels, makes the heart vessels tighten. It also narrows blood-forming arteries and increases the concentration of mucous fluid in the pulmonary organs.
This leads to more difficult adaptation after surgery.
rehabilitation period
After a surgical intervention on the cardiac organ, if an insufficient amount of time has passed, it is even forbidden to get out of the ward bed. The entire rehabilitation period, the patient is in the intensive care unit.
This department is intended for patients who have a risk of death.
A special dietary diet plays a huge role in rehabilitation. His attending specialist appoints individually for each patient. You can start eating only with lean gruels and vegetable broths, but after a few days the diet increases significantly.
After the patient is transferred to a regular ward, as a rule, the attending physician will allow the use of the following products:
- cereals from coarse grinding (barley, barley groats, unpolished rice). You can also include in your diet oatmeal 2-3 times a week;
- dairy production: fat-free curd mass, cheese with a fat content of not more than 20%;
- vegetables and fruits: fresh, steamed and in various salads;
- small pieces boiled chicken, turkey and rabbit. As well as homemade steamed cutlets;
- various varieties of fish: herring, salmon, capelin, etc.;
- all soups without fried ingredients and without fat content.
Under no circumstances should you use following products nutrition.
Heart surgeries are very common these days. Modern cardiac surgery And vascular surgery very developed. Surgery is indicated when conservative drug treatment does not help, and, accordingly, the normalization of the patient's condition is impossible without surgery.
For example, heart disease can only be cured surgically, this is necessary in the case when, due to pathology, blood circulation is severely disturbed.
And as a result, a person feels bad and begins to develop severe complications. These complications can lead not only to disability, but also to death.
Often prescribed surgical treatment of coronary heart disease. Since it can lead to myocardial infarction. Due to a heart attack, the walls of the cavities of the heart or aorta become thinner and protrusion appears. This pathology can also be cured only by surgery. Quite often, operations are performed due to disturbed heart rhythm (RFA).
They also perform heart transplantation, that is, a transplant. This is necessary when there is a complex of pathologies due to which the myocardium is not able to function. Today, such an operation prolongs the life of the patient by an average of 5 years. After such an operation, the patient is put on disability.
Operations can be carried out urgently, urgently, or a planned intervention is prescribed. It depends on the severity of the patient's condition. emergency operation carried out immediately, immediately after the diagnosis. If such an intervention is not carried out, then the death of the patient may occur.
Such operations are often performed on newborns immediately after delivery with congenital defect hearts. In this case, even minutes are important.
Urgent operations do not require fast execution. In this case, the patient is prepared for some time. As a rule, it is several days.
A planned operation is prescribed if at this time there is no danger to life, but it must be carried out to prevent complications. Doctors prescribe surgery on the myocardium only if it is necessary.
Invasive Research
Invasive methods for examining the heart are to conduct catheterization. That is, the study is carried out through a catheter, which can be installed both in the cavity of the heart and in the vessel. With the help of these studies, you can determine some indicators of the work of the heart.
For example, blood pressure in any part of the myocardium, as well as determine how much oxygen is in the blood, evaluate cardiac output, vascular resistance.
Invasive methods allow you to study the pathology of the valves, their size and degree of damage. This study takes place without opening the chest. Cardiac catheterization allows you to take an intracardiac electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram. This method is also used to monitor the effectiveness of drug therapy.
Such studies include:
In selective coronary angiography, contrast is injected into one of the coronary arteries(right or left).
Coronary angiography is often performed in patients with angina pectoris 3-4 functional class. In this case, it is resistant to drug therapy. Physicians need to decide how surgical treatment needed. It is also important to carry out this procedure for unstable angina.
Also, invasive procedures include punctures and probing of the heart cavities. With the help of probing, it is possible to diagnose heart defects and pathologies in the LV, for example, it can be tumors, or thrombosis. For this use femoral vein(right), a needle is inserted into it through which the conductor passes. The needle diameter becomes about 2 mm.
By doing invasive research local anesthesia is used. The incision is small, about 1-2 cm. This is necessary to expose desired vein to place the catheter.
These studies are carried out in different clinics and their cost is quite high.
Surgery for heart disease
Heart defects include
- stenosis of the heart valves;
- insufficiency of heart valves;
- septal defects (interventricular, interatrial).
valve stenosis
These pathologies lead to many disorders in the work of the heart, that is, the goals of operations for defects are to relieve the load from the heart muscle, restore the normal functioning of the ventricle, as well as restore contractile function and reduce pressure in the heart cavities.
To eliminate these defects, the following surgical interventions are performed:
Often, after heart disease surgery, a person is given a disability.
Operations on the aorta
Open surgeries include:
- Prosthetics of the ascending aorta. At the same time, a valve-containing conduit is installed; this prosthesis has a mechanical aortic valve.
- Prosthetics of the ascending aorta, while the aortic valve is not implanted.
- Prosthetics of the ascending artery and its arch.
- Surgery to implant a stent graft in the ascending aorta. This is an endovascular intervention.
Prosthetics of the ascending aorta is the replacement of this section of the artery. This is necessary in order to prevent serious consequences, for example, a break. To do this, prosthetics are used by opening the chest, and endovascular or intravascular interventions are also performed. In this case, a special stent is installed in the affected area.
Of course, open-heart surgery is more effective, since in addition to the main pathology - aortic aneurysm, it is possible to correct the concomitant one, for example, stenosis or valve insufficiency, etc. And the endovascular procedure gives a temporary effect.
When prosthetics of the aortic arch are used:
- Open distal anastomosis. This is when the prosthesis is installed, so that it does not affect its branches;
- Arc semi-replacement. This operation consists in replacing the artery where the ascending aorta passes into the arch and, if required, replacing the concave surface of the arch;
- Subtotal prosthetics. This is when the replacement of branches (1 or 2) is required during prosthetics of the arterial arch;
- Complete prosthetics. In this case, the arch is prosthetized together with all supra-aortic vessels. This is a complex intervention that can cause neurological complications. After such an intervention, a person is given a disability.
Coronary artery bypass grafting (ACS)
CABG is open-heart surgery that uses a patient's vessel as a shunt. This heart operation is needed in order to create a bypass for the blood, which will not affect the occlusive section of the coronary artery.
That is, this shunt is installed on the aorta and brought to the area of the coronary artery not affected by atherosclerosis.
This method is quite effective in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Due to the installed shunt, the blood flow to the heart increases, which means that ischemia and angina pectoris do not appear.
CABG is prescribed if there is angina pectoris, in which even the smallest loads cause seizures. Also, indications for CABG are lesions of all coronary arteries, and if an aneurysm of the heart has formed.
During CABG, the patient is put into general anesthesia, and then, after opening the chest, all manipulations are performed. This operation can be performed with or without cardiac arrest. And also, depending on the severity of the pathology, the doctor decides whether it is necessary to connect the patient to a heart-lung machine. The duration of CABG can be 3-6 hours, it all depends on the number of shunts, that is, on the number of anastomoses.
As a rule, the role of the shunt is performed by a vein from lower limb, also sometimes use part of the internal thoracic vein, the radial artery.
Today, CABG is performed, which is performed with minimal access to the heart, while the heart continues to work. Such an intervention is considered not as traumatic as the others. In this case, the chest is not opened, the incision is made between the ribs and a special expander is also used so as not to affect the bones. This type of CABG lasts 1 to 2 hours.
The operation is performed by 2 surgeons, while one makes an incision and opens the sternum, the other operates on the limb to take a vein.
After carrying out all the necessary manipulations, the doctor installs the drains and closes chest.
CABG significantly reduces the likelihood of a heart attack. Angina pectoris does not appear after surgery, which means that the quality and duration of the patient's life increase.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
RFA is a procedure that is performed under local anesthesia, since the basis is catheterization. Such a procedure is carried out in order to exfoliate the cells that cause arrhythmia, that is, the focus. This happens through a guide catheter that conducts electricity. As a result, tissue formations are removed by RFA.
After conducting an electrophysical study, the doctor determines where the source is located, which causes a rapid heartbeat. These sources can be formed along the conducting paths, as a result of which an anomaly of the rhythm manifests itself. It is RFA that neutralizes this anomaly.
RFA is carried out in case of:
- When drug therapy does not affect the arrhythmia, and also if such therapy causes side effects.
- If the patient has Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. This pathology is perfectly neutralized by RFA.
- If a complication may occur, such as cardiac arrest.
It should be noted that RFA is well tolerated by patients, since there are no large incisions and opening of the sternum.
The catheter is inserted through a puncture in the thigh. Only the area through which the catheter is inserted is anesthetized.
The guide catheter reaches the myocardium, and then a contrast agent is injected. With the help of contrast, the affected areas become visible, and the doctor directs the electrode to them. After the electrode acted on the source, the tissues are scarred, which means they will not be able to conduct the impulse. After RFA, a bandage is not needed.
Carotid surgery
Allocate these types of operations to carotid artery:
- Prosthetics (used with a large lesion);
- Stenting is performed if stenosis is diagnosed. In this case, the lumen is increased by installing a stent;
- Eversion endarterectomy - at the same time, atherosclerotic plaques are removed along with the inner lining of the carotid artery;
- Carotid endarectomy.
These operations are performed under both general and local anesthesia. More often under general anesthesia, since the procedure is carried out in the neck area and at the same time there are unpleasant sensations.
The carotid artery is occluded, and in order to continue the blood supply, shunts are installed, which are bypass routes.
Classical endarterectomy is done if long plaque lesions are diagnosed. During this operation, the plaque is peeled off and removed. Next, the vessel is washed. Sometimes you still need to fix inner shell, this is done with special seams. At the end, the artery is sutured with a special synthetic medical material.
Endarterectomy of the carotid arteries
Eversion endartectomy is performed in such a way that the inner layer of the carotid artery at the site of the plaque is removed. And after that they fix, that is, sew. For this operation, the plaque should be no more than 2.5 cm.
Stenting is performed using a balloon catheter. This is a minimally invasive procedure. When the catheter is located at the site of stenosis, it inflates and thereby expands the lumen.
Rehabilitation
The period after heart surgery is no less important than the operation itself. At this time, the patient's condition is monitored by doctors, and in some cases, cardio training is prescribed, therapeutic diets etc.
Other recovery measures are also needed, such as wearing a bandage. The bandage at the same time fixes the seam after the operation, and of course the entire chest, which is very important. Such a bandage should be worn only if the operation is performed on the open heart. The cost of these items may vary.
The bandage that is worn after heart surgery looks like a T-shirt with tightness clamps. Available for men and female options this bandage. The bandage is important to prevent lung congestion by coughing regularly.
Such prevention of stagnation is quite dangerous because the seams can disperse, the bandage in this case will protect the seams and contribute to strong scarring.
Also, the bandage will help prevent swelling and bruising, promotes the correct location of organs after heart surgery. And the bandage helps to relieve the load from the organs.
After heart surgery, the patient needs rehabilitation. How long it will last depends on the severity of the lesion and the severity of the operation. For example, after CABG, immediately after heart surgery, you need to start rehabilitation, this is a simple exercise therapy and massage.
After all types of heart surgery, medical rehabilitation, that is, supportive therapy, is needed. In almost all situations, the use of antiplatelet agents is mandatory.
If there is an increase arterial pressure, then assign ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, as well as drugs to lower blood cholesterol (statins). Sometimes the patient is prescribed physical procedures.
Disability
It should be noted that disability is given to people with diseases of the cardiovascular system even before surgery. There must be evidence for this. From medical practice it can be noted that they necessarily give disability after coronary artery bypass grafting. Moreover, there may be a disability of both 1 and 3 groups. It all depends on the severity of the pathology.
People who have circulatory disorders, grade 3 coronary insufficiency, or have had a myocardial infarction are also entitled to disability.
Regardless of whether the operation was performed or not yet. Patients with grade 3 heart defects and combined defects can apply for disability if there are persistent circulatory disorders.
Clinics
| Clinic name | Address and phone | Type of service | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| NII SP im. N. V. Sklifosovsky | Moscow, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya sq., 3 |
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| KB MGMU them. Sechenov | Moscow, st. B. Pirogovskaya, 6 |
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| FSCC FMBA | Moscow, Orekhovy Boulevard, 28 |
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| NII SP im. I.I. Janelidze | St. Petersburg, st. Budapestskaya, 3 |
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| SPGMU them. I.P. Pavlova | St. Petersburg, st. L. Tolstoy, 6/8 |
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| MC "Shiba" | Derech Sheba 2, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan |
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| link to article.