Pathological formation - tooth cyst: what it is, how to treat the disease and when surgery is necessary. Symptoms and treatment of a tooth cyst. What is the danger of a neoplasm in the oral cavity

A watery formation near the bone of the tooth can form along various reasons, and sometimes a person is not even aware of its existence. But under favorable conditions, a cyst on the tooth can begin to develop, and thereby show itself as a number of symptoms. In this case, urgent measures must be taken, since the treatment of such, albeit a small, formation can drag on for a very long time.

What is a cyst on the teeth?

The cyst is pathological formation near the apex of the tooth root. Its internal cavity has a mushy or liquid state, a compacted layer of the epithelium appears on top.

Most often, the vesicle consists of bacteria, dead cells, and a collection of pus. Most active inflammation process passes on the upper jaw, since the roots of the teeth here have a more porous shape. The size of the cyst can vary from 4 mm to more than a centimeter. The appearance of bubbles near the top of the root is caused by the process of inflammation. The body tries to protect healthy tissue by separating areas with inflammation, which is what causes the cyst to develop.

Reasons for education

The main source of cyst development on the tooth is an infection that affects the internal tissue in the region of its root. All causes are of two types.: received as a result of trauma in the jaw area and caused poor hygiene oral cavity. Also, improper hygiene provokes a number of diseases, due to which pathological formations develop. Namely:

complicated pulpitis;
fissure caries;
periostitis - inflammation of the periosteum;
periodontitis - inflammatory process of periodontium;
gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums.

Injuries that can cause cysts to develop include:

All of the above reasons can provoke inflammation, the focus of which will either immediately be localized in the area of the tooth root, or after a while it will go deep from the oral cavity into the tissue.

Types of cysts

Taking into account causes of development distinguish the following varieties:

Characteristic signs and symptoms

Development of a cyst on the tooth root comes in two forms. If granuloma annulare appears, then it is very difficult to identify it, since there are no signs. The resulting bubble does not cause discomfort.

The person can mark slight pain in the gums and the tooth during biting, but pain is often explained by an accidental reaction, temperature changes, which have no reason for excitement. An experienced doctor can identify the mass, but this rarely happens. There were cases when the presence of a cyst at an early stage was found out only during the passage of an x-ray for filling another tooth.

As soon as the cyst is acted upon external factors that provoked its development, a person will feel obvious symptoms. Strong sensations of pain appear in the gum, in the affected tooth, and can also move to the opposite row in the jaw. Inflammation will increase significantly, while it can cause high temperature. Often there is swelling on the cheeks or in the oral cavity.

What is the danger of a cyst on the root of a tooth?

The development of a cyst is not dangerous for humans, since the body in this way trying to defend against infection trying to keep healthy tissue intact. However, in the absence of proper treatment, the cyst on the tooth will begin to develop, this can provoke the appearance of a large list of diseases:

The flux is accompanied by severe swelling and severe pain not only in the area of inflammation, but also directly on the face. Appears in the affected area a large number of pus, which creates additional complications.
Periodontitis can be both a consequence and a source of cyst inflammation. During the spread of the inflammatory process, both bone tissue and periodontium suffer, which can be the cause of tooth loss.
Osteomyelitis of the jawbone.
Phlegmon spreads to the face and neck, accompanied by the development of suppuration in the area of inflammation. The disease is especially dangerous during pregnancy, because due to restrictions on treatment, there is a risk of a general infection.
Jaw fractures.
Loss of weak teeth.
In advanced stages, the cyst can transform into a malignant or benign neoplasm.
Blood poisoning.

How to treat a cyst on the root of a tooth?

medical treatment assigned in the early stages, when the cyst is not more than 1 cm in size, and only if there is a good patency of the canals. As a rule, to medical methods resort, if it is necessary to treat people in young age. The main task of the doctor is to remove the infection that provoked the development of the disease, as well as to create a reliable blockage for its re-development.

During treatment dentist creates access to the root canals by removing the applied filling or excising the destroyed tissues. The doctor examines the patency of the channels, size and direction, performs an x-ray with specially inserted instruments. If necessary, the channels are expanded.

During all manipulations with the channels, antiseptic agents are constantly used. The most common of these are sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.

After mechanical manipulations and treatment with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents, the opening of the apex opens, medical preparation taken out beyond the apex. Highly alkaline preparations, for example, calcium hydroxide, are used to remove the acidic environment of the cyst. This drug breaks the walls of the cyst, promotes rapid healing, protects bone tissue and has an antimicrobial effect.

After the cyst is removed, the canals are temporarily filled. Weekly medical check-ups are scheduled to with the help of x-ray determine its behavior inside the tissues. If the dynamics are favorable, then the canals are gradually sealed with each visit up to normal strengthening in the area of the crown. A full restoration of bone tissue will continue throughout the year, so it is necessary to visit a doctor in accordance with the schedule.

Tooth cyst

Relatively recently in medical treatment began to use depophoresis, it allows you to treat the infection in all canals of the tooth, even in places where access is difficult.

This method assumes in the role medicinal product use copper-calcium hydroxide. A weak current acts on the areas of inflammation, thanks to which the drug passes deeply, removing the cyst and the causes of its appearance. As a rule, a course of at least 3 procedures is prescribed, after which the tooth is sealed.

Surgical intervention

Operational intervention is recommended if when the tooth is properly sealed, the cyst is larger than 1 cm, and also if there is a crown on the tooth or a pin is installed in the root canal. There are several ways of surgical intervention, taking into account the degree of impact on the cyst and tissue damage.

Less traumatic is the removal of only the cyst wall with further sanitation of the affected area, which is called cystotomy. During the operation the gum is dissected in the area of localization of the cyst, the epithelium that protects it is removed, regenerative and antiseptic preparations are used. Application medical devices affects the cyst in much the same way as during therapeutic treatment, but much attention should be paid to the postoperative period.

This method is used in cases where:

the cyst is in contact with the roots of the teeth, which are nearby;
it is necessary to preserve the rudiments of molars when changing temporary ones;
extraction of a tooth with a cyst on the root is impossible due to contraindications;
the cyst is in contact with the jaw bone.

During a cystectomy the body of the cyst is completely removed. In the same way, the gum is incised in the area where the formation is located. The edges of the incision are bred, the doctor cuts out the outer bone plate.

The cyst wall is cleaned, available part of the root is removed, if necessary, then carry out a seal to seal the cut. Inside, a medicine is laid that accelerates the process of bone tissue repair. The incision is sutured. If the size of the cyst is very large, and the incision turned out to be very extensive, then it is not sutured, but covered with an iodoform swab.

Sometimes they resort to resection of the apex of the tooth root. This is explained bone tissue infection jaw, therefore it is impossible to leave the infected part. The doctor performs an operation similar to a cystectomy, but in addition to removing cystic formation, cuts off the root in the affected area.

To perform the operation, it is necessary to prepare the dental canal by filling it orthogradely. Resection is used only in case of a strategic need to save the tooth in the absence of positive treatment using other methods.

One of the most modern ways surgical intervention considered laser therapy. With this method of treatment, a tube is inserted into the cut tissue, which directs the laser beam. The beam dissolves the infected tissue, which is then removed using a vacuum device. Due to this method, a complex effect on the affected tissues is carried out, therefore the treatment of the cyst is effective.

In advanced situations doctors recommend hemisection(removal of part of the crown, root and cyst) or completely remove the tooth along with the cyst, but today treatment methods make it possible to take many ways to try to save the tooth even with a severe stage of the disease.

Cyst prevention

There are a number of activities that can reduce the chance of developing diseases, including:

proper oral hygiene;
lack of stress and support for immunity;
periodic visits to the dentist, at least once a year;
avoidance of injuries of the teeth and jaw;
sanitation of the oral cavity if necessary.

The appearance of a cyst at the root of the tooth can be triggered by many diseases and negative factors, however, if you perform timely treatment, then you can completely avoid surgery and keep your tooth absolutely intact.

The main location of the tumor in this case is the basal part of the tooth. A cyst is a benign disease, however, it is prone to rapid progression and the development of dangerous complications.

Tooth cyst is quite difficult to diagnose, on initial stage formation, this can only be done with the help of an x-ray of the jaw. In the risk group for the development of pathology - middle-aged and older people.

Causes of a cyst on a tooth

A cyst that occurs at the root of a tooth is of an infectious origin. The development of pathology is based on the process of tooth destruction, accompanied by the penetration of bacteria deep into, to its very root.

Allocate the following reasons tooth cysts:

advanced form of caries. Caries is a disease that begins with damage to the enamel and ends with the loss of a tooth;
pulpitis. Inflammation of the pulp - the soft tissues of the tooth, which also develops against the background of caries;
periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums, the development of which is also based on pathogenic bacteria accumulating in the oral cavity;
periodontitis - inflammation of the tissue located between the tooth bed and the gum;
chronic inflammatory diseases nasopharynx;
jaw injury;
poor-quality tooth filling;
removal of a tooth.

Immunity is of great importance in the formation of a tooth cyst. The presence of a strong immune system- the main defense of the body against various infectious and inflammatory diseases.

In some cases, a cyst occurs when a decayed tooth has been removed. There is only one reason for this - non-compliance with sanitary standards by the specialist who carried out the removal, insufficient sterility of the instruments used by him.

A tooth cyst in children of the first years of life is also a common occurrence. Such neoplasms of the oral cavity often accompany teething. In this case, they do not pose a danger to the health of the child and do not require removal, since they tend to pass on their own for some time.

A tooth cyst is a bubble attached to the root of a canine, molar or incisor, filled with fluid, more often pus. Cysts on the roots are the result of infection and differ in size, location and causes. As a rule, purulent formation is the result of neglected caries, which has developed into pulpitis and inflammation of the gum tissue (periodontitis). How to treat cystic formations: extract a tooth or other methods of therapy are possible?

A tooth cyst is formed due to infection and the activity of pathogens in a closed limited cavity. What causes the appearance of purulent cavities on the roots that require treatment or tooth extraction?

Launched caries and.
Periodontitis is an inflammation of the ligamentous tissue that connects the root and gum tissues. Can purchase chronic form, characterized by tolerant aching pains. If left untreated, the area of inflammation expands deep into the gums, approaches the periosteum.
Sinusitis, tonsillitis or others chronic inflammation nasopharynx. These factors usually do not require tooth extraction; treatment of the underlying ENT disease is necessary.
Difficult cutting. This factor often provokes a cyst under the wisdom tooth. Difficult eruption is a traumatic factor, causing inflammation. If pathogenic bacteria get inside, a purulent process is formed and a capsule is formed.
Inflammation of the root under the crown without the possibility of exit of toxic formations from the root canals. The result of the accumulation of pus is a cyst.
Injury with infection to the roots.
Infection with inaccurate treatment, insufficient sterility of the instrument or doctor's hands.

The size of the cyst under the tooth can reach several centimeters. Minimum dimensions a bubble of 5 mm is considered. Smaller pus formations usually do not have a clear membrane separating them from the gum tissue and are not considered cysts. They are called granulomas. Granulomas can resolve with the treatment of inflammation.

The cyst on the root of the tooth has a shell and does not resolve. Treatment of a tooth cyst requires opening the shell and removing it.

Medical educational program: types of purulent formations

In medical terminology, there are several types of purulent capsules that form in the jaw zone:

retromolar (wisdom tooth cyst);
eruption cyst (formation on children's teeth, in children under 10 years old);
follicular (formed on the rudiments of unerupted teeth);
radicular (formed on the root due to inflammation of the gum tissue - periodontitis);
residual (formed in the periosteum after the removal of the tooth and its roots due to the residual activity of the infection).

Therapy(conservative effect of drugs without surgical intervention: rinsing, injections, unsealing).
Surgery(removal of the entire tooth or part of its root). The capsule of the bladder, attached to the top of the root, is removed during the operation along with the root. After removal, therapeutic treatment of gingival inflammation is necessary.

Surgery

Ten years ago, cyst surgery unambiguously required tooth extraction. Modern dentists are trying to maintain a hard chewing surface. The tooth cyst is removed during a small operation called root resection. How it's done?

After anesthesia, the doctor makes a cut on the outside of the gums (inside the mouth). Through a small hole, the root tip is cut off with a special tool along with the cyst formed on it. Through surgical channel the root is sealed, the surgical cavity is treated with an antiseptic and sutured. The wound, as a rule, does not require further treatment, since the saliva of the oral cavity is a disinfecting bactericidal solution. A week after removal, the sutures are removed and the quality of wound healing (visually) and the possible presence of cyst remnants (X-ray) are monitored. A visual dental examination shows how much inflammation, swelling, and redness have decreased after the removal operation.

Resection allows you to save the tooth, not to open the canals and not to change the crown. It is important to know that if a pin was installed inside the canal during the previous filling, then it is almost impossible to open it without breaking the upper part of the chewing surface. Instead of removing the entire tooth, the doctor will resect the apex of the root.

Resection preferred complete removal tooth. However, the possibility of its implementation is limited. Typically, it is performed on upper incisors and fangs, less often - on the lateral molars.

In the photo - the surgical cavity after removal of the cyst, filled with granules of osteoplastic material

Cyst therapy

Therapeutic treatment of tooth cysts is possible for small formations (up to 8 mm). To do this, the carious canal is opened and the cystic capsule is opened. From internal cavity pump out the pus. After opening, the canal is left unsealed (5-7 days), prescribing rinses to the patient antiseptic solutions. The resulting pus flows out, inflammation of the gum tissue is treated with antibiotics. After the pus has flowed out, the inflammation has been stopped, the cystic cavity is filled with a special drug which promotes tissue regeneration. Then the root canals and hard tissues are sealed. The condition should be monitored 3-4 months after therapy.

Sometimes, with a slight inflammation, therapy is carried out in two visits to the dentist. The tooth canal and cyst are opened, cleaned, filled with gel, the root is sealed and a temporary filling is placed. In the absence of pain, swelling and redness, the temporary filling is replaced with a permanent one (7-10 days after opening and cleaning the cystic cavity).

High-quality therapeutic treatment of a small formation can be performed with a laser. To do this, the tooth cyst is also opened, after which it is treated with a laser. This not only removes the contents and shell of the bladder, but also destroys pathogens. Laser treatment has a number of additional advantages:

it is not capable of introducing any infection;
it is painless;
the surgical wound heals quickly and does not give complications, suppuration, repeated relapses.

Folk ways to treat cysts

Folk ways or natural remedies can reduce or eliminate inflammation of the gum tissue. As a rule, a tooth cyst is accompanied by an inflammatory process (periodontitis). The reason is the action of the infection and the constant flow of toxins through the walls of the purulent capsule. After stopping (limiting and reducing) inflammation, an operation is necessary to remove the purulent bladder (or therapy with opening the roots). Which natural remedies are most effective in treating inflammation?

Antiseptic herbal infusions eucalyptus, yarrow, sage, calendula. The concentration of the infusion increases the effectiveness of the treatment. Required ratio: 2 tablespoons of raw materials per 100 g of water.
Alcohol tinctures provide additional disinfection with alcohol: tincture of propolis, calendula, calamus root, aloe.
Aloe in the form of an application on the gum.
Garlic gruel (also in the form of an application). Salt solutions.
Sesame oil.

These natural preparations can be successfully used to stop inflammation of the gums before removal and treatment of the inflammatory process after surgery.

Prevention of cysts: what does it consist of?

Methods for preventing the formation of cysts on the roots of the teeth are simple:

Monitor the health of the oral cavity, treat and prevent caries.
Daily clean the oral cavity from the remnants of food formed on the enamel plaque.
Avoid the formation of tartar.
If a jaw injury has occurred, perform a control radiograph one to two months after the injury.

Healthy teeth are the task of the patient. The doctor does what he can therapeutic help provides treatment and advice. But only the person himself can ensure timely access to the dentist.

Few people visit the dentist for prevention purposes, postponing their visit to the doctor until the moment when strong pain. Unfortunately, the absence of pain is not an indicator of oral health. There are diseases that are completely asymptomatic, and if they are not detected on early stage this will lead to disastrous consequences. Tooth cyst is one of such diseases. Tooth cyst. A photo

What is a tooth cyst?

A cyst is a neoplasm in the region of the tooth root, which is a selected fragment in the periodontium, which has its own multilayered walls of squamous epithelium. From the inside, the cyst is filled with cystic fluid, which gradually accumulates, thereby increasing its size.

Reference! The cyst is most often located directly on the root of the tooth, however, depending on the case, it can be located under it or around it.

The most common types of this disease are:

cyst anterior tooth(units);
tooth cyst located in the maxillary sinus;
wisdom tooth cyst (figure eight)

The cyst can be either very small or reach several centimeters. A formation smaller than 5 mm is called a granuloma.

Causes of a cyst

A cyst is formed as a result of infection in the tissues surrounding the root of the tooth. The infection can be introduced both as a result of a jaw injury, and as a result of insufficient oral hygiene. Neglect of hygiene standards can provoke the development of many diseases, against which a cyst may begin to grow, namely:

caries;
complications of pulpitis;
gingivitis;
periodontitis;
periostitis.

As mentioned earlier, the growth of a cyst can be triggered by trauma. These types of injuries include:

jaw injury;
damage to the facial bones;
the period of growth of new teeth, including eights;
incorrectly placed dentures in the oral cavity;
improperly placed dental fillings;
constant excessive load on the teeth (cracking candies, nuts, teeth rattling against each other).

All this can provoke inflammation, which over time will cause the cyst to grow.

Tooth cyst formation

Symptoms of a tooth cyst

At first, the disease may not manifest itself in any way, however, often a cyst can be quite successfully diagnosed and prevented from developing.

Primary Symptoms

At the beginning of the disease, the patient may not feel any changes or feel discomfort when biting and chewing food with the front incisors.

Secondary Symptoms

Appear sharp pains which are periodic. The use of hot and cold drinks, sweet and hard foods is accompanied by an unpleasant pain in the tooth enamel. Pain can also subside, thereby lulling the patient's vigilance. At this time, the disease continues to progress and can even flow into an acute stage, the treatment of which often requires surgical intervention.

Signs of an acute stage

The patient experiences acute pain syndrome. It is especially pronounced in people with weakened immune systems.

Note! Inflammation in the area of a damaged tooth can be triggered by many factors - from exacerbation of chronic diseases to the use of aggressive medications.

The fact that a tooth cyst has begun to grow can be understood by the following signs:

swelling of the cheek from the side of the inflamed tooth;
fever caused by the onset of a purulent process in the jawbone;
discomfort when touching the gum and the tooth itself directly;
pain in the area adjacent to the damaged tooth and, directly, in the tooth itself.

Swelling of the cheek from the side of the cyst

How to detect a cyst yourself?

If a person, for whatever reason, cannot or does not want to visit the dentist on a quarterly basis, then he should be able to monitor the state of dental health and especially carefully monitor oral hygiene. Often, caries that is not cured in time can affect the growth of a cyst. In order not to lose sight of the onset of the disease, you should pay attention to the following series of symptoms:

discoloration of tooth enamel;
displacement of teeth;
discomfort while eating;
loss of filling, accompanied by swelling of the gums;
headache.

The main difficulty in identifying this disease lies in the fact that the cyst can manifest itself already at those stages when destruction began. bone tissue and tooth roots. The diameter of the cyst may already be more than three centimeters, and outwardly it will look like a slight displacement of the tooth and darkening of the enamel.

Very often, the symptoms of a cyst are similar to common infectious and endocrine diseases. For example, a patient complains of an increase in lymph nodes behind the ears, not at all suggesting that this could be somehow connected with a dental ailment.

Diagnosis with x-ray

You can determine the presence of a cyst using an X-ray examination. On the resulting picture, it will look like a round or oval spot in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tooth root. It is not always possible to clearly see the cyst the first time, since it is simply not easy for a part of the root to miss the picture. In such cases, the picture is taken again.

Tooth cyst on x-ray

Types of tooth cysts

To facilitate the diagnosis, cysts are divided into 2 subcategories - by the place of formation and by the cause of occurrence.

According to the place of formation, the following types of dental cysts can be distinguished:

tooth root cyst formed as a result of improper therapy;
Wisdom tooth cyst often gives swelling on the cheek.
Cyst in the maxillary sinuses - causes severe headaches.
Cyst under crown- can also be located between the teeth.

Depending on what caused the occurrence, the following types of cysts are distinguished:

Eruption cyst- surrounds the crown of a tooth that has not yet erupted, located in the bone. The cyst makes itself felt when the tooth begins to cut through the mucous tissues.
Retromolar- is formed against the background of difficult eruption of the figure eight. On the mandible a cyst of this kind occurs much more often.
Residual - located in the jawbone at the site of the extracted tooth.
Radicular - develops against the background of chronic inflammatory processes of the periodontium.
Eye teeth cyst so called for the reason that it can Negative influence on the eyeballs, as it grows rapidly, covering an ever larger area. eye teeth called the fangs of the upper jaw.
Keratocyst- is formed against the background of improper development and growth of the tooth.
Follicular- grows out of the follicular membrane of the crown of the tooth, as a result of infection in the gum, injured during the eruption of the tooth.

Reference! The influence of the cyst of the eye teeth on the organs of vision is due to the fact that the trigeminal nerve passes near the roots of these teeth.

Tooth cyst treatment

In dentistry, several methods of treating tooth cysts are used - from therapeutic treatment to surgical excision.

Therapeutic drug treatment

During therapeutic treatment, the infected tooth is treated antiseptic preparations, clean the cyst and carry out a filling. This technique is quite effective in the following cases:

The root canals were not filled, which makes it easier to access the cyst.
The root canal is sealed unreliably.
The cyst is less than one centimeter in diameter.

The doctor disinfects the oral cavity, after which the accumulated pus is pumped out. Further, the resulting void is filled with a special paste that promotes the formation of bone tissue. After that, the root canal is sealed.

Important! This treatment technique is dangerous because often the cyst grows in this place again. It is very important to see a doctor regularly.

Laser treatment

The most painless and most reliable way to remove a cyst without complications. Treatment of a cyst with a laser takes place in several stages:

Opening and expansion of dental canals;
Introduction of the laser device;
Disinfection and removal of the cyst.

Despite the obvious advantages of this method, not everyone can receive such treatment - the procedure is very expensive and most dental clinics simply does not have necessary equipment. After the procedure, it is forbidden to drink and eat for four hours, and this can cause a lot of inconvenience to the patient.

Operational treatment

Education is removed surgically under the following circumstances:

A pin is installed in the dental canal.
A crown is placed on the tooth.
Large cyst.
Gum tumor.

The operation is under local anesthesia. In some cases, an adjacent tooth can also be removed if its roots have penetrated the cyst or it is completely destroyed.

Important! In the postoperative period, you can not drink aspirin, as it thins the blood and can cause severe bleeding.

As a rule, the patient begins to feel better within 6 hours after the removal of the cyst. If a lot of time has passed, and the condition has not changed in any way, then you should visit the dentist's office again.

Depophoresis

Treatment Method infectious diseases roots of the tooth based on the introduction of copper ions into the affected area, which have an anti-inflammatory effect. The tooth cyst is eliminated after 2-4 sessions of the procedure.

1 session- the doctor fills the channel with copper-calcium hydroxide, after which he delivers a weak electric current discharge.
2 session- carried out in exactly the same way as the first, after two weeks.
The last procedure is the tooth is filled with cement antibacterial composition.

Depophoresis procedure

Cystectomy

Radical surgery, during which the cyst shell is completely removed, and the wound is sutured. It is carried out in the following cases:

The cyst is located within two intact teeth.
Extensive cyst on the lower jaw in the absence of teeth.
Extensive cyst on the upper jaw in the absence of teeth.

The surgeon pays special attention to the teeth adjacent to the cyst, since the main goal of the operation is to preserve as much healthy bone tissue as possible.

Treatment or removal

If the tooth on which the cyst has formed does not respond to any therapy, it will need to be removed in order to avoid further growth of the formation.

Most often, the tooth is removed when the cyst provoked swelling and deformity of the face with difficulty in facial expressions, mouth opening and acute pain.

The final decision on the appropriateness of such a surgical intervention is made by the attending physician. In some cases, the decision is supported by the opinion of specialists of a different profile - an orthodontist, orthopedist, neurologist, otorhinolaryngologist and others.

Possible Complications

It happens that the removal of the cyst does not pass without a trace and provokes the development of the following complications:

Bleeding from a hole in the gum.
Damage to the maxillary sinus.
Jaw fracture.
Alveolitis.

Alveolitis

They do not happen so often, but still, the patient should monitor the change in his condition after the cyst removal procedure.

Prevention of a tooth cyst

Preventing the formation of cysts on the teeth is quite simple and at home - the main thing is to adhere to the following oral care rules:

Timely treat caries and inflammatory processes mucous membranes.
Brush your teeth regularly.
Get rid of tartar in a timely manner and prevent its growth.

Conclusion

A cyst is a disease whose symptoms may not manifest themselves immediately and at the same time cause serious damage to surrounding tissues. Preventive visits to the dentist will help prevent this, and a number of other problems that arise due to an irresponsible attitude towards one's own health.

A tooth cyst is a neoplasm that has the shape of a capsule and is localized in the bone tissue of the jaw, usually at the apex of the root canal of the tooth. Inside the cystic cavity is an inflammatory exudate (fluid that accumulates during inflammation).

The main cause of dental cysts is the development infectious process in the oral cavity.

A dental cyst is often asymptomatic, leading to late detection in most cases. An untreated neoplasm poses a serious danger to human health. Complications of a dental cyst include infection of the soft tissues of the face and neck, tooth loss, jaw fractures, and blood poisoning.

Modern dentistry offers many ways to treat tooth cysts. In addition, some patients successfully use alternative treatment for tooth cysts. Consider the main methods by which you can get rid of this pathology.

Therapeutic treatment of dental cysts

Therapeutic treatment of a tooth cyst makes it possible to save the patient from the neoplasm without surgical intervention. The disadvantage of this method of therapy is the long period of treatment, the lack of a 100% guarantee of getting rid of the cyst.

Dentists use two main ways to treat this disease.

The essence of one of them, traditional, is reduced to the following actions. First, the dentist-therapist reams the affected tooth and thoroughly cleans the root canal from top to bottom. The root of the tooth, deep in the gum, passes into the cyst, therefore, through the resulting passage, the contents of the cystic cavity freely flow out. With the help of disinfectant solutions, the doctor washes the root canal, then injects antimicrobial agents and drugs into it that destroy the cyst. After complete cleansing of the cystic cavity, it is filled special means which enhances tissue regeneration. A temporary filling is placed on the tooth. Usually in this way it is possible to get rid of the cyst in 70% of cases. X-rays are taken after six months to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

More modern method The therapeutic treatment for tooth cysts is depophoresis. With its help, the dentist-therapist has the ability to destroy the infection not only in one reamed canal, but immediately in all dental root canals. The doctor introduces a special substance, copper-calcium hydroxide, into the enlarged canal of the damaged tooth. After that, the channel is affected by a weak electric shock, as a result of which copper-calcium hydroxide begins to actively move, penetrating into all inaccessible places. This special substance destroys the infection and disinfects the tissues of the tooth and jawbone. As a rule, the doctor conducts three sessions of treatment, after which he puts a seal. But for some time after that, the hydroxide continues to act. This method of treating a tooth cyst is effective in 95% of cases. But not every clinic has the necessary equipment for such therapy.

Surgical methods for removing a tooth cyst

Surgical methods of treatment of tooth cysts are used when therapeutic treatment is ineffective or when large sizes cysts (more than 2 cm).

More recently, such treatment required prior tooth extraction. Now, in most cases, the doctor manages to save the tooth.

Surgical intervention for a tooth cyst is performed using anesthesia or anesthesia.

Doctors use three main methods surgical removal tooth cysts:

Cystectomy - removal of the cystic cavity and root canal of the tooth. Moreover, if the tooth has one root, then it is sealed. If there are several roots, the tooth is removed.
Cystotomy - removal of the anterior wall of the cyst to pump out pus. This method is used for large cystic formations, possible risk damage to nearby tissues.
Hemisection - removal of the cystic cavity, the root of the tooth and part of the dental crown that has been affected. After this method of treatment, tooth restoration is necessary.

Laser treatment of a tooth cyst

Increasingly, dentists are offering laser treatment for dental cysts to their patients. This method of therapy has many advantages:

bloodless surgery;
no pain during treatment;
does not require the use of anesthesia;
no risk of infection of the wound;
the possibility of saving the tooth;
short recovery period after the procedure.

The doctor inserts a laser into the patient's enlarged dental canal. Under the influence of a light beam, the cyst evaporates, the root of the tooth is disinfected. Complications after laser treatment tooth cysts are observed only in 1% of cases.

Alternative methods of treatment of cystic neoplasm of the tooth

Some patients use folk remedies in the treatment of dental cysts. Many of them note an improvement in their condition, the disappearance or decrease in the symptoms of this pathology. However, before using folk treatment cysts of the tooth is better to consult a doctor.

Here are the most popular recipes for treating tooth cysts with folk remedies:

Sesame oil (1 teaspoon) is kept in the mouth for 5-7 minutes. This procedure is repeated two or three times a day.
A few drops of clove oil are applied to a cotton swab. The swab is clamped between the teeth, where inflammation or swelling of the gums develops. Repeat twice a day.
In 50 ml boiled water dissolve 20 drops of myrrh tincture. For 20-30 seconds, rinse the mouth with this solution twice a day.
Alternative treatment of tooth cysts suggests the use of saline solution. To prepare it, in 200 ml of boiled water, dissolve a teaspoon of kitchen or sea salt. Rinse the mouth with the resulting solution 2-3 times a day.
Make a mixture of medicinal herbs taken in equal parts. To do this, take chamomile, sage, calendula, yarrow. A tablespoon of the mixture is poured with boiling water, insisted for 25-35 minutes. Then filter and rinse the diseased gum 3-4 times a day.

You need to understand that with severe inflammation of the cyst of the tooth folk methods treatment can only slightly alleviate the patient's condition. For a complete cure, you need to see a doctor.