Cefotaxime injections side effects. Cefotaxime is a universal antibiotic: characteristics and application. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

In this article you can read the instructions for use of the drug Cefotaxime. Feedback from site visitors - consumers - is presented of this medicine, as well as the opinions of specialist doctors on the use of Cefotaxime in their practice. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications were observed and side effects, perhaps not stated by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Cefotaxime in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Dilution (with water or novocaine) and the effect of the antibiotic.

Cefotaxime- cephalosporin antibiotic 3rd generation wide range actions. It has a bactericidal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. The mechanism of action is due to acetylation of membrane-bound transpeptidases and disruption of peptidoglycan cross-linking, which is necessary to ensure the strength and rigidity of the cell wall.

Highly active against gram-negative bacteria (resistant to other antibiotics): Escherichia coli ( coli), Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis (Proteus), Providencia spp., Klebsiella spp. (klebsiella), Serratia spp., some strains of Pseudomonas spp., Haemophilus influenzae.

Less active against Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae) (streptococcus), Staphylococcus spp. (staphylococcus), Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bacteroides spp.

Resistant to most beta-lactamases.

Pharmacokinetics

Rapidly absorbed from the injection site. Plasma protein binding is 40%. Widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Reaches therapeutic concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid, especially with meningitis. Penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations. 40-60% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine after 24 hours, 20% in the form of metabolites.

Indications

Infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by sensitive microorganisms, including:

central nervous system infections (meningitis);
infections respiratory tract and ENT organs;
infections urinary tract;
bone and joint infections;
skin and soft tissue infections;
pelvic organ infections;
abdominal infections;
peritonitis;
sepsis;
endocarditis;
gonorrhea;
infected wounds and burns;
salmonellosis;
Lyme disease;
infections due to immunodeficiency;
prevention of infections after surgical operations (including urological, obstetric and gynecological, on the gastrointestinal tract).

Release forms

Powder for the preparation of solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection(injections in ampoules for injection) 250 mg, 500 mg and 1 gram of powder for dilution in water for injection or novocaine.

Instructions for use and dosage

The drug is administered intravenously (stream or drip (in a dropper) and intramuscularly.

For uncomplicated infections, as well as for urinary tract infections - 1 g IM or IV every 8-12 hours.

For uncomplicated acute gonorrhea - intramuscularly in a dose of 1 g once.

For moderate infections - 1-2 g intramuscularly or intravenously every 12 hours.

For severe infections, for example, meningitis - IV 2 g every 4-8 hours, maximum daily dose -12 g. The duration of treatment is determined individually.

In order to prevent the development of infections before surgery administered during induction of anesthesia in a single dose of 1 g. If necessary, the administration is repeated after 6-12 hours.

At caesarean section- at the moment of applying clamps to umbilical vein- IV at a dose of 1 g, then 6 and 12 hours after the first dose - an additional 1 g.

Premature and newborns under 1 week of age - IV at a dose of 50 mg/kg every 12 hours; at the age of 1-4 weeks - IV at a dose of 50 mg/kg every 8 hours. Children weighing ≤50 kg - IV or IM (children over 2.5 years old) 50-180 mg/kg IV 4-6 injections.

In case of severe infections (including meningitis), the daily dose when prescribed to children is increased to 100-200 mg/kg, IM or IV for 4-6 injections, the maximum daily dose is 12 g.

Rules for preparing injection solutions

For intravenous injection: 1 g of the drug is diluted in 4 ml of sterile water for injection; the drug is administered slowly over 3-5 minutes.

For intravenous infusion: 1-2 g of the drug is diluted in 50-100 ml of solvent. The solvent used is 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% dextrose (glucose) solution. Duration of infusion - 50 - 60 minutes.

For intramuscular administration: 1 g is dissolved in 4 ml of solvent. Water for injection or a 1% solution of lidocaine (novocaine) is used as a solvent.

Side effect

headache;
dizziness;
renal dysfunction;
oliguria;
nausea, vomiting;
diarrhea or constipation;
flatulence;
abdominal pain;
dysbacteriosis;
stomatitis;
glossitis;
pseudomembranous enterocolitis;
hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis;
potentially life-threatening arrhythmias following rapid central venous bolus administration;
increased concentration of urea in the blood;
positive Coombs reaction;
phlebitis;
pain along the vein;
pain and infiltration at the site of intramuscular injection;
hives;
chills or fever;
rash;
skin itching;
bronchospasm;
eosinophilia;
anaphylactic shock;
superinfection (vaginal and oral candidiasis).

Contraindications

pregnancy;
childhood up to 2.5 years (for intramuscular administration), with caution in newborns;
hypersensitivity (including to penicillins, other cephalosporins, carbapenems).

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Use in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and lactation is possible only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or infant.

It should be kept in mind that after intravenous administration cefotaxime at a dose of 1 g after 2-3 hours, the maximum concentration of the active substance in breast milk averages 0.32 mcg/ml. At this concentration it is possible bad influence on the child’s oropharyngeal flora.

Experimental studies on animals did not reveal teratogenic or embryotoxic effects of cefotaxime.

Use in children

Use cefotaxime with caution in newborns.

special instructions

In the first weeks of treatment, pseudomembranous colitis may occur, manifested by severe long-term diarrhea. In this case, stop taking the drug and prescribe adequate therapy, including vancomycin or metronidazole.

Patients with a history allergic reactions to penicillins, may have increased sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

When treating with the drug for more than 10 days, monitoring of the peripheral blood picture is necessary.

During treatment with cefotaxime, it is possible to obtain a false-positive Coombs test and a false-positive urine test for glucose.

During treatment, you should not drink alcohol, since effects similar to those of disulfiram are possible (facial hyperemia, spasms in the abdomen and stomach, nausea, vomiting, headache, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, shortness of breath).

Drug interactions

Cefotaxime increases the risk of bleeding when combined with antiplatelet agents and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The risk of kidney damage increases with simultaneous administration aminoglycosides, polymyxin B and loop diuretics.

Drugs that block tubular secretion increase plasma concentrations of cefotaxime and slow down its elimination.

Pharmaceutical interactions

Pharmaceutically incompatible with solutions of other antibiotics in the same syringe or dropper.

Analogues of the drug Cefotaxime

Structural analogues of the active substance:

Intrataxim;
Kefotex;
Clafobrine;
Claforan;
Clafotaxime;
Liforan;
Oritax;
Oritaxim;
Resibelacta;
Spirosine;
Tax-o-bid;
Talcephus;
Tarcefoxime;
Tirotax;
Cetax;
Cephabol;
Cefantral;
Cefosin;
Cefotaxime Lek;
Cefotaxime sodium;
Cefotaxime Sandoz;
Cefotaxime Vial;
Cefotaxime sodium salt.

If there are no analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases for which the corresponding drug helps, and look at the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

In this medical article can be found medicine Cefotaxime. The instructions for use will explain in what cases you can take injections in ampoules, what the medicine helps with, what are the indications for use, contraindications and side effects. The annotation presents the forms of release of the drug and its composition.

In the article, doctors and consumers can only leave real reviews about Cefotaxime, from which you can find out whether the medicine helped in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases in adults and children, for which it is also prescribed. The instructions list analogues of Cefotaxime, prices of the drug in pharmacies, as well as its use during pregnancy. Dilution (with water or novocaine) and the effect of the antibiotic.

An antibacterial drug from the group of third-generation cephalosporins is Cefotaxime. Instructions for use indicate that injections in 500 mg and 1 g injection ampoules have a bactericidal effect and have a detrimental effect on gram-negative bacteria.

Release form and composition

The drug Cefotaxime is available in powder form for the preparation of a solution and its subsequent intramuscular and intravenous administration. Powder white with a slight yellow tint is available in clear glass bottles, in a cardboard box with accompanying detailed description characteristics.

Each bottle of the drug contains 1 g of active active substance– cefotaxime in the form sodium salt.

pharmachologic effect

Cefotaxime is an effective cephalosporin antibacterial drug third generation. By slowing down the synthesis of the bacterial cell membrane, there is a pronounced bactericidal effect. The antibiotic is active against such gram-negative bacteria as: Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli., Serratia spp., Providencia spp., Proteus mirabilis.

Some strains of Pseudomonas spp. and Haemophilus influenzae. The above-mentioned antibiotic is less active against Streptococcus spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Bacteroides spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus spp. The instructions indicate that this product is resistant to most beta-lactamases.

Indications for use

What does Cefotaxime help with? Injections are prescribed when infectious diseases. Indications for use of the drug for pathology respiratory system:

abscesses;
pleurisy;
bronchitis;
pneumonia.

The medication is actively used for:

Lyme disease;
infections of soft tissues and bones;
bacterial meningitis;
endocarditis;
septicemia;
postoperative complications.

The antibiotic Cefotaxime is prescribed for diseases of the throat, nose, ear, kidneys, and urinary tract.

Instructions for use

Cefotaxime is administered intravenously (stream or drip (in a dropper) and intramuscularly.

For uncomplicated infections, as well as for urinary tract infections - 1 g IM or IV every 8-12 hours.

For uncomplicated acute gonorrhea - intramuscularly in a dose of 1 g once.

For moderate infections - IM or IV 1-2 g every 12 hours. For severe infections, for example, meningitis - IV every 4-8 hours, maximum daily dose -12 g. Duration of treatment installed individually.

In order to prevent the development of infections before surgery, it is administered during induction of anesthesia in a single dose of 1 g. If necessary, the administration is repeated after 6-12 hours.

For caesarean section - at the moment of applying clamps to the umbilical vein - intravenously at a dose of 1 g, then 6 and 12 hours after the first dose - an additional 1 g.

Premature and newborns under 1 week of age - IV at a dose of 50 mg/kg every 12 hours; at the age of 1-4 weeks - IV at a dose of 50 mg/kg every 8 hours.

Children weighing ≤50 kg - IV or IM (children over 2.5 years old) 50-180 mg/kg in 4-6 injections. In case of severe infections (including meningitis), the daily dose when prescribed to children is increased to 100-200 mg/kg, IM or IV for 4-6 injections, the maximum daily dose is 12 g.

Rules for preparing injection solutions

For intravenous injection: 1 g of the drug is diluted in 4 ml of sterile water for injection; the drug is administered slowly over 3-5 minutes.

For intramuscular administration: 1 g is dissolved in 4 ml of solvent. Water for injection or a 1% solution of lidocaine (novocaine) is used as a solvent.

Contraindications

The drug has a number of contraindications, so before starting therapy, carefully read the included instructions. Cefotaxime injections should not be given if the patient has one or more conditions:

pregnancy;
drug intolerance;
acute renal failure;
kidney and liver diseases accompanied by impaired organ function;
age up to 14 years for intravenous administration;
children under 2 years of age for intramuscular administration;
cases of severe allergic reactions to penicillins or cephalosporins.

The drug is prescribed with caution to women during breastfeeding, as well as to persons with chronic diseases gastrointestinal organs caused by taking antibiotics.

Side effects

According to reviews, Cefotaxime causes the following adverse reactions:

Allergies: eosinophilia, skin rash and itching. According to reviews, Cefotaxime may in rare cases cause Quincke's edema.
Urinary system: interstitial nephritis.
Digestive system: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, pseudomembranous colitis, transient increase in the activity of liver transaminases.
Hematopoietic system: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, neutropenia (only with long-term use of Cefotaxime in high dosages).
Blood coagulation system: hypoprothrombinemia.
Local adverse reactions: with intravenous administration - phlebitis, with intramuscular administration - pain at the injection site.

In addition, according to reviews, Cefotaxime can cause candidiasis due to the chemotherapeutic effect of the drug.

Children, pregnancy and breastfeeding

The drug should not be used in the first trimester of pregnancy. According to indications, Cefotaxime can be prescribed in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. If it is necessary to take medication during lactation breast-feeding should be stopped.

In childhood

The drug should be prescribed with caution to newborns.

special instructions

In the first weeks of treatment, pseudomembranous colitis may occur, manifested by severe, prolonged diarrhea. In this case, stop taking the drug and prescribe adequate therapy, including vancomycin or metronidazole. Patients with a history of allergic reactions to penicillins may have increased sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

When treating with the drug for more than 10 days, monitoring of the peripheral blood picture is necessary. During treatment with cefotaxime, it is possible to obtain a false-positive Coombs test and a false-positive urine test for glucose.

Drug interactions

Probenecid increases the concentration of the active substance and slows down its excretion. Nephrotoxicity increases with treatment with loop diuretics and aminoglycosides.

It is unacceptable to mix Cefotaxime with other medications in one syringe (with the exception of Novocaine, Lidocaine). NSAIDs and antiplatelet drugs increase the risk of bleeding.

Analogues of the drug Cefotaxime

Analogues are determined by structure:

Cefotaxime sodium (Lek; Sandoz; Vial).
Cefantral.
Intrataxim.
Resibelacta.
Claforan.
Cefotaxime sodium salt.
Clafotaxime.
Liforan.
Oritaxim.
Cetax.
Cephosin.
Cephabol.
Oritax.
Spirosin.
Clafobrine.
Tarcefoxime.
Tirotax.
Kefotex.
Talceph.
Tax-o-bid.

Vacation conditions and price

The average cost of Cefotaxime (1 g bottle) in Moscow is 30 rubles. The drug is sold in pharmacies with a prescription.

The shelf life of the powder is 3 years from the date of manufacture. Do not use the drug with expired suitability. The solution should be prepared immediately before administration.

Price from 43 rubles. The analogue is 21 rubles more expensive

Instructions for use with Cefotaxime

Release form, composition and packaging

Powder for solution for injection from white to pale yellow.

1 g - glass bottles (1) - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

III generation cephalosporin antibiotic for parenteral use. Acts bactericidal. Has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action.

Highly active against gram-negative microorganisms resistant to other antibiotics: E. coli, Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus indole, Providencia spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., some strains of Pseudomonas spp., Haemophlus influenzae. Less active against gram-positive cocci, mainly staphylococci. The drug is highly resistant to beta-lactamases of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Pharmacokinetics

When administered intramuscularly, the drug is absorbed quickly. Cmax in blood plasma is observed 30 minutes after injection. The bactericidal concentration in the blood persists for more than 12 hours.

The drug penetrates well into body tissues and fluids; found in effective concentrations in pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluids. Unlike earlier cephalosporins, it penetrates the blood-brain barrier.

As a result of biotransformation, an active metabolite is formed.

It is excreted in significant quantities in the urine unchanged (about 30%) and in the form of active metabolites (about 20%). Partially excreted in bile.

Indications

Infections caused by microorganisms sensitive to cefotaxime (mainly gram-negative):

Respiratory tract infections;

Infections of the urinary tract, kidneys;

Ear, nose and throat infections;

Septicemia, endocarditis, meningitis;

Bone and soft tissue infections;

Abdominal infections;

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, gonorrhea;

Wound and burn infections.

Dosage regimen

Cefatoxime is used intramuscularly and intravenously. For intramuscular injection, dissolve 0.5 g of the drug in 2 ml (respectively 1 g in 4 ml) of sterile water for injection and inject deeply into the gluteal muscle. 1% lidocaine is also used as a solvent for intramuscular administration (0.5 g - 2 ml, 1 g - 4 ml).

For drip administration (within 50-60 minutes), dissolve 2 g of the drug in 100 ml isotonic solution sodium chloride or 5% glucose solution.

Usual dose of Cefotaxime for adults and children over 12 years old- 1 g every 12 hours. In severe cases, the dose is increased to 3 or 4 g/day, the drug is administered 3 or 4 times, 1 g each. The maximum daily dose, depending on the severity of the disease, can be increased to 12 g.

Usual dose for newborns and children under 12 years of age- 50-100 mg/kg body weight/day with administration intervals from 6 to 12 hours. For premature infants, the daily dose should not exceed 50 mg/kg.

When renal dysfunction the dose is reduced. At CC 10 ml/min or less

Side effect

When using cefotaxime, it is possible allergic reactions(skin rashes, fever, anaphylactic shock), indigestion(dyspeptic symptoms, pseudomembranous colitis (rare), disorders functional tests liver), an increase in the number of eosinophils, leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, an increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase and nitrogen urea in the urine; pain, redness and swelling at the injection site; Body temperature may rise.

Contraindications for use

Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

Cross-allergy between penicillins and cephalosporins is possible.

Caution necessary when prescribing the drug to patients with impaired renal and liver function.

In children under 2.5 years of age, intramuscular administration of the drug should not be used.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

Cefotaxime is excreted in breast milk, so if it is necessary to prescribe the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.

Use for liver dysfunction

Caution necessary when prescribing the drug to patients with impaired liver function.

Use for renal impairment

When renal dysfunction the dose is reduced. At CC 10 ml/min or less the daily dose of the drug is halved.

Use in children

In children under 2.5 years of age, intramuscular administration of the drug should not be used.

special instructions

Before prescribing the drug, it is necessary to collect an allergic history, especially in relation to beta-lactam antibiotics. Cross-allergy between penicillins and cephalosporins is known. In persons with a history of allergic reactions to penicillin, the drug should be used with extreme caution.

If reactions occur hypersensitivity(which can be severe and even lead to fatal outcome) the drug is discontinued.

When treatment with the drug lasts more than 10 days, it is necessary to monitor the peripheral blood picture.

A false positive Coombs test may be detected.

When determining glucose in urine using a non-enzymatic method (for example, the Benedict method), false positive results are possible.

Drug interactions

At simultaneous use Cefotaxime with potentially nephrotoxic drugs (aminoglycoside antibiotics, furosemide) requires monitoring of renal function (risk of nephrotoxicity of the latter).

Solutions of cefotaxime are incompatible with solutions of other antibiotics in the same syringe or dropper.

Storage conditions and periods

Store out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Shelf life - 2 years. Do not use after the expiration date indicated on the package.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

The drug is available with a prescription.

Benefits: Helps well, significant relief on day 3

Disadvantages: The injection is very painful and is inserted slowly

I don’t like being sick at all, but I was on business trips and didn’t have time to full treatment. My doctor prescribed Cefotaxime for acute bronchitis. It was a powder solution that had to be administered twice a day. The injections are quite painful, to be honest... They are also administered slowly, about 5 minutes. I was lucky in one thing - my mother is a nurse, so I took them at home. Injections were given every 6 hours plus antibiotics. But it’s better under the supervision of a doctor, you never know what can go wrong. I completely recovered within two weeks. All in all good medicine, but very painful.

It’s better not to skimp on your health

Advantages: Price

Disadvantages: Inconvenient to prepare the injection, painful, slow and weak effect, side effects

Just after treatment with Cefotaxime, I gave up cheap antibiotics. The only good thing about them is the price, but the effect and side effects are not encouraging. I was treated for bronchitis and prescribed 10 days. The preparation of injections is troublesome and takes a long time; this powder dissolves very reluctantly. The pain was hellish, after each injection my leg was paralyzed for 5-10 minutes. Side effects appeared already on the 2nd day of treatment. I began to feel terribly nauseous and my appetite disappeared completely. As treatment progressed, this was added severe thrush(already on the 5th day!), itching all over the body, frequent headaches and tinnitus, vomiting a couple of times. And what I didn’t expect was serious pressure surges at the end of the course. But the effect was disappointing. By day 10, I still had not recovered: the cough weakened a little and stopped being so painful, but the amount of sputum did not decrease at all. It was hard for me to breathe, the wheezing did not go away. The main thing is that the tests did not become much better, so I had to continue treatment with another remedy.

Fusion antibiotic

Advantages: strong antibiotic

Disadvantages: very painful

I usually get sick rarely, but accurately and with an antibiotic, before it was sumamed or amoxiclav, and this time it was cefotaxime. The doctor didn’t explain why this was so, she didn’t take any tests, but probably because the injections better than pills. They started injecting after there were complications after ARVI - bilateral sinusitis, purulent otitis media and the eyes became completely rotten. The injections were long and painful; they did not dissolve well and resulted in bruises (the nurse is not crooked, I know her). But during the course I was completely cured, I didn’t even do physical therapy. I didn’t notice any side effects, except that these injections hurt a lot.

Today, antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action are used by specialists to treat various infectious and inflammatory diseases. Before prescribing treatment, the patient must undergo an examination so that the doctor can determine which drug will work well in treating a particular disease. To eliminate diseases of the genitourinary and respiratory systems in children and adults, Cefotaxime is often used.

Composition and release form of the drug

The drug Cefotaxime contains the active ingredient - anhydrous cefotaxime (sodium salt). There are no additional substances in the product. The medication has the appearance of a white powder (sometimes with a yellow tint) and is used to create a solution that is injected into the gluteal muscle or intravenously.

The product is packaged in 10 ml bottles, which are sold in cardboard boxes with instructions. Each container contains 0.5, 1 or 2 g of active ingredient. The medicine is available exclusively in the form of injections - there are no suspensions or tablets of Cefotaxime.

pharmachologic effect

Dear reader!
This article talks about typical ways to solve your issues, but each case is unique! If you want to know how to solve your particular problem, ask your question. It's fast and free!
The drug is a semi-synthetic antibiotic belonging to the group of third generation cephalosporins. It is effective against a long list of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and is also used against microorganisms that are resistant to other antibiotics, including the penicillin group.
The product produces a bactericidal effect by disrupting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. After administration of the drug, the maximum concentration in the body is reached within 40–60 minutes. The bactericidal effect lasts about 12 hours. The active substance is excreted by the kidneys. The drug has several advantages:
Unlike other antibiotics, Cefotaxime combines well with many medications. In addition, the drug rarely causes side effects - gastrointestinal disorders are the most common problem.

For what diseases is Cefotaxime prescribed to a child?
Cefotaxime is used for infectious diseases, most often of the respiratory system:
pneumonia;
pleurisy;
bronchitis;
abscess.

The remedy is also used for other ailments:
Cefotaxime injections are indicated for the treatment of pneumonia in children, but they are prescribed only if other means are ineffective. Third generation antibiotics are quite toxic, so bacterial pneumonia begin treatment with penicillin group drugs. If the bacteria are resistant to them, the doctor resorts to using Cefotaxime.
Cefotaxime injections: instructions for use in children for various diseases
How many days to inject the baby with the drug depends on the complexity of the disease. The dosage of the medicine and the duration of therapy are determined by the doctor, but most often the injections are given according to the following scheme:
Disease Required dose and frequency of administration
Uncomplicated infectious disease Injection into the muscle 1 g every 8–12 hours
Infection medium shape gravity Administration 1–2 g every 12 hours
Severe infectious disease (eg, meningitis) IV 2 g every 4–8 hours
Mild gonorrhea Injection into the muscle 1 time per day, 1 g
Complicated sore throat in a child The drug is prescribed in a course of up to 10 days, the dose depends on age
Infectious and inflammatory disease of the urinary tract 1 g 2–3 times a day
Bronchitis 1000 mg twice daily (weighing more than 50 kg)
Prevention of postoperative complications 1 g before surgery and 1 g three times a day on the first day after the procedure
Therapy cannot be interrupted, as the disease may worsen, which will require the use of stronger drugs.
How to properly dilute Cefotaxime Novocaine?
Since the antibiotic is in powder form, it must be made into a solution before use. The product must be diluted in the correct proportion:
For injections into a vein, you need to add 4 ml of sterile water to 1 g of powder. The resulting product is administered slowly (3–5 minutes).
For intravenous infusion, 1 g of powder is mixed with 50 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose. The infusion is carried out over an hour.

After mixing the powder with the liquid, it is recommended to shake the container so that the grains are completely dissolved. Water or solutions can be purchased at the pharmacy in ampoules.
For intramuscular administration, Cefotaxime can also be diluted with water, but the injections are painful, so it is recommended to dilute the lyophilisate with Lidocaine 1% or Novocaine 0.5%. These drugs do not react with antibiotics. To 1 g of powder you need to add 4 ml of Novocaine.
Drug dosage rules
Cefotaxime is prescribed to children from birth, but only in the form of injections and infusions. Intramuscular injections The drug is allowed from the age of 2.5 years. Product dosage:
newborns up to 1 week - 50 mg per 1 kg of weight every 12 hours;
babies aged 1–4 weeks - a similar dose, but every 9 hours;
children over 2.5 years old and weighing more than 50 kg – 50–180 mg per 1 kg of weight;
for severe infectious diseases, the dose is increased to 100–200 mg per 1 kg of body weight;
for adolescents and adults, 1–2 g of the drug is administered every 4–12 hours.

If necessary, the daily amount of the drug can be divided into 4–6 injections. The maximum dose of medication per day is 12 g. Mixing the drug in a syringe with other medications is prohibited, as there is a risk of a chemical reaction.
What side effects can occur when using an antibiotic?
When using the drug, a child may experience various side effects:
During treatment, there is a risk of developing pseudomembranous colitis - a complication that appears against the background of the activity of the bacterium Clostridium difficile and is accompanied by frequent diarrhea. In this case, it is necessary to discontinue Cefotaxime and start taking Metronidazole or Vancomycin.
When exceeding the maximum daily dose The patient may experience:
convulsions;
trembling individual parts bodies;
encephalopathy;
nervous excitability.

Analogues of the antibiotic Cefotaxime
The cost of the drug is within 160 rubles for 5 ampoules of 1 g. Today, Cefotaxime can be easily replaced, but analogues must be selected by a doctor.
A drug Release form Peculiarity Price for 1 ampoule
Terzef powder for creating a solution for injection Contains the antibiotic ceftriaxone, has a pronounced bactericidal effect, and is effective in the treatment of infections (we recommend reading:). Approved for treatment from birth. from 50 rubles
Claforan Can be used for newborns. The product is used to treat patients with infections of the genital organs, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and skin. 170 rubles
Cefantral There are dosages of 250, 500 and 1000 mg of sodium salt, which is convenient for treating children. from 16 rubles
Cephabol The drug contains cefotaxime 500 or 1000 mg. from 38 rubles
Kefotex The product includes cefotaxime 250, 500 and 1000 mg. about 50 rubles
Pancef (we recommend reading:) tablets and suspension Antibacterial activity is similar to Cefotaxime. The product is approved from 6 months. 10 tablets - 700 rubles, suspension - 450 rubles
Zinnat (we recommend reading:) The spectrum of activity is similar to Cefotaxime. The drug can be used to treat children. 10 pills - 250 rubles, syrup - 300 rubles
Ixim Lupine powder for making syrup The active substance is cefixime. The product has a pleasant berry taste and can be prescribed from the age of 6 months. about 470 rubles
The instructions for the medicine are not instructions for action. The attending physician is responsible for prescribing the drug and determining the required dosage. The selection of an analogue is carried out according to indications.

Synonyms

Interchangeable drugs included in the same pharmaceutical group.

- Powder for cooking injection solution for intravenous administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 1 g; bottle 10 ml
- Powder for the preparation of injection solution 250 mg
- Powder for the preparation of injection solution for intramuscular administration
- Powder for the preparation of injection solution for intramuscular administration 500 mg; 1 g
- Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 250 mg; 500 mg
- Powder for the preparation of injection solution 1 g; 500 mg
- Powder for the preparation of injection solution for intramuscular administration 2 g

Analogs

These are medicines belonging to the same pharmaceutical group that contain different active substances(INN), differ in name, but are used to treat the same diseases.

- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration 100 mg/5 ml
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Tablets 400 mg
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 1 g + 1 g; bottle (bottle) 2 g
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 1 g + 1 g
- Granules for the preparation of suspension for oral administration 100 mg/5 ml
- Capsules
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 1 g
- Powder for the preparation of solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 250 mg
- Powder for the preparation of solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 250 mg
- Powder for the preparation of injection solution 250 mg
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration
- Capsules 400 mg
- Powder for the preparation of solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 250 mg
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 1 g
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 1 g
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Semi-finished powder container aluminum 10 kg box 1
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for the preparation of injection solution
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 1 g; 2 g; 500 mg
- Powder for solution for infusion 2 g
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- Powder for the preparation of injection solution for intramuscular administration
- Powder for preparing a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration

Indications for use of the drug Cefotaxime

Infectious and inflammatory diseases severe course caused by microorganisms sensitive to cefotaxime, incl. peritonitis, sepsis, abdominal and pelvic infections, infections lower sections respiratory tract, urinary tract, infections of bones and joints, skin and soft tissues, infected wounds and burns, gonorrhea, meningitis, Lyme disease.
Prevention of infections after surgery.

Release form of the drug Cefotaxime

sterile powder substance; aluminum container 5 kg cardboard box 1;

The substance-powder is sterile; aluminum container 10 kg cardboard box 1;

Pharmacodynamics of the drug Cefotaxime

Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic of the third generation. It has a bactericidal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. The mechanism of action is due to acetylation of membrane-bound transpeptidases and disruption of peptidoglycan cross-linking, which is necessary to ensure the strength and rigidity of the cell wall.
Highly active against gram-negative bacteria (resistant to other antibiotics): Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Providencia spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., some strains of Pseudomonas spp., Haemophilus influenzae.
Less active against Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Staphylococcus spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bacteroides spp.
Resistant to most β-lactamases.

Pharmacokinetics of the drug Cefotaxime

Rapidly absorbed from the injection site. Plasma protein binding is 40%. Widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Reaches therapeutic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, especially in meningitis. Penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations. Partially metabolized in the liver. 40-60% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine after 24 hours, 20% in the form of metabolites.

Use of the drug Cefotaxime during pregnancy

During pregnancy, it is possible only in cases where potential benefit for the mother exceeds the risk for the fetus. There are no adequate and strictly controlled studies in pregnant women.

In reproduction studies, intravenous administration of doses up to 1200 mg/kg/day (0.4 MRDH, in mg/m2) to pregnant female mice or intravenous administration of doses up to 1200 mg/kg/day (0.8 MRDC, in mg/m2) in pregnant female rats, no evidence of embryotoxic and teratogenic effects was found.

In studies of perinatal and postnatal development in rats, it was shown that at a dose of 1200 mg/kg/day, the body weight of pups at birth was significantly less and remained less than in the control group during 21 days of feeding.

Contraindications to the use of the drug Cefotaxime

Hypersensitivity (including to penicillins, other cephalosporins, carbapenems), pregnancy, breastfeeding (penetrates breast milk), children's age - up to 2.5 years (for intramuscular administration).

Side effects of the drug Cefotaxime

From the outside nervous system and sensory organs: headache, dizziness.

From the outside of cardio-vascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): cardiac arrhythmias (with rapid jet administration), neutropenia, transient leukopenia, granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hypoprothrombinemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

From the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea/constipation, flatulence, dysbacteriosis, transient increase in the activity of liver transaminases, LDH, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin in the blood plasma; rarely - pseudomembranous colitis, stomatitis, glossitis.

From the outside genitourinary system: increased concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine in the blood plasma, interstitial nephritis, impaired renal function, oliguria.

Allergic reactions: rash, hyperemia, urticaria, eosinophilia, multiforme exudative erythema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, chills/fever, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Other: superinfection, vaginal and oral candidiasis; reactions at the injection site: with intramuscular injection - pain, hardening and inflammation of tissue at the injection site; with intravenous administration - phlebitis.

Method of administration and dosage of the drug Cefotaxime

Adults and children weighing more than 50 kg - 1-2 g every 4-12 hours intramuscularly or intravenously (stream or drip). Children weighing less than 50 kg - 50-180 mg/kg/; frequency of administration - 2-6 times.
Maximum doses: for adults - 12 g/, for children weighing less than 50 kg - 180 mg/kg/

Interactions of the drug Cefotaxime with other drugs

Cefotaxime, suppressing intestinal flora, interferes with the synthesis of vitamin K. Therefore, when used simultaneously with drugs that reduce platelet aggregation (NSAIDs, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone), the risk of bleeding increases. For the same reason, when used simultaneously with anticoagulants, an increase in the anticoagulant effect is observed.
When used simultaneously with aminoglycosides, polymyxin B and loop diuretics, the risk of kidney damage increases.
When used simultaneously with drugs that reduce tubular secretion, the concentration of cefotaxime in the blood plasma increases.
Probenecid slows down the elimination of cefotaxime by reducing the tubular secretion of the latter.

Precautions when taking Cefotaxime

Anaphylactic reactions. Prescribing cephalosporins requires collection allergy history(allergic diathesis, hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics). If the patient develops a hypersensitivity reaction, treatment should be discontinued. The use of cefotaxime is strictly contraindicated in patients with a history of immediate hypersensitivity reaction to cephalosporins. If there is any doubt, the presence of a doctor during the first administration of the drug is mandatory due to a possible anaphylactic reaction. Cross-allergy between cephalosporins and penicillins is known, which occurs in 5–10% of cases. In people with a history of allergy to penicillins, the drug is used with extreme caution.

Pseudomembranous colitis. In the first weeks of treatment, pseudomembranous colitis may occur, manifested by severe, prolonged diarrhea. The diagnosis is confirmed by colonoscopy and/or histological examination. This complication is regarded as very serious: the drug is immediately stopped and adequate therapy is prescribed, including oral vancomycin or metronidazole.

Combination with nephrotoxic drugs requires monitoring of kidney function; use for more than 10 days requires monitoring of the cellular composition of the blood. Elderly and debilitated patients should be prescribed vitamin K (prevention of hypocoagulation).

During treatment with cefotaxime, a false-positive Coombs test and a false-positive urine test for glucose are possible (the use of glucose-oxidase methods for determining blood glucose is recommended).

Storage conditions for the drug Cefotaxime

List B.: At a temperature not exceeding 25 °C.

Shelf life of the drug Cefotaxime

The drug Cefotaxime belongs to the ATX classification:

J Antimicrobials for systemic use

J01 Antimicrobials for systemic use

J01D Other beta-lactam antibiotics

J01DD Third generation cephalosporins

Disease	Required dose and frequency of administration
Uncomplicated infectious disease	Injection into the muscle 1 g every 8–12 hours
Infection medium shape gravity	Administration 1–2 g every 12 hours
Severe infectious disease (eg, meningitis)	IV 2 g every 4–8 hours
Mild gonorrhea	Injection into the muscle 1 time per day, 1 g
Complicated sore throat in a child	The drug is prescribed in a course of up to 10 days, the dose depends on age
Infectious and inflammatory disease of the urinary tract	1 g 2–3 times a day
Bronchitis	1000 mg twice daily (weighing more than 50 kg)
Prevention of postoperative complications	1 g before surgery and 1 g three times a day on the first day after the procedure

A drug	Release form	Peculiarity	Price for 1 ampoule
Terzef	powder for creating a solution for injection	Contains the antibiotic ceftriaxone, has a pronounced bactericidal effect, and is effective in the treatment of infections (we recommend reading:). Approved for treatment from birth.	from 50 rubles
Claforan		Can be used for newborns. The product is used to treat patients with infections of the genital organs, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and skin.	170 rubles
Cefantral		There are dosages of 250, 500 and 1000 mg of sodium salt, which is convenient for treating children.	from 16 rubles
Cephabol		The drug contains cefotaxime 500 or 1000 mg.	from 38 rubles
Kefotex		The product includes cefotaxime 250, 500 and 1000 mg.	about 50 rubles
Pancef (we recommend reading:)	tablets and suspension	Antibacterial activity is similar to Cefotaxime. The product is approved from 6 months.	10 tablets - 700 rubles, suspension - 450 rubles
Zinnat (we recommend reading:)	tablets and suspension	The spectrum of activity is similar to Cefotaxime. The drug can be used to treat children.	10 pills - 250 rubles, syrup - 300 rubles
Ixim Lupine	powder for making syrup	The active substance is cefixime. The product has a pleasant berry taste and can be prescribed from the age of 6 months.	about 470 rubles