Tetracycline, instructions for use. Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The concomitant use of tetracycline with
In our time, when the world is flying somewhere rapidly, and we are trying to keep up with it, our body is especially vulnerable and prone to all kinds of infections. Of course, there are many new generation antibiotics that are quite effective, but pathogens quickly develop resistance to them. So why not trust the old and tried and tested means? Like, for example, tetracycline?! So let's talk on www.site about what Tetracycline tablets are, instructions for use, the use of tetracycline in treatment.
Instructions for use
Tetracycline is an antibiotic a wide range action of the tetracycline series. Its action is bacteriostatic (stops cell growth) by inhibiting protein synthesis in the bacterial cell.
It is able to destroy the following pathogens:
Gram positive: staphylococci (including aureus), streptococci (including pneumococcus), anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), clostridium (Clostridium spp), actinomycosis (Actinomyces israelii)
Gram-negative: haemophilus influenzae (Haemophilus influenzae), the causative agent of venereal disease - soft chancre (Haemophilus ducreyi), whooping cough (Bordetella pertussi), Escherichia collie, Klebsiella, Shigela, borreliosis (Borrelia burgdorferi), bruzelosis (Brucella spp), etc.
Tetracycline is a fairly effective drug, but in many cases a combination with other antibacterial drugs is required. For example, with streptomycin.
How is it distributed in the human body?
When taking a tetracycline tablet, it is absorbed by 75-77%. Simultaneous intake with food significantly reduces the absorption of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract.
The drug is not evenly distributed in the body. In the liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, bile, its concentration can be 10 times higher than in blood plasma.
The official instructions for the drug in tablets say that when taken orally, the drug penetrates poorly through the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is not advisable to use it for the treatment of infectious diseases affecting the spinal cord and brain.
in prostate tissue and thyroid gland, through the placenta, into breast milk, pleural and ascitic fluid, tetracycline penetrates well. Its concentration corresponds to that in blood plasma.
The drug accumulates to the maximum in tumors, bones and dentin of milk teeth.
Indications for the use of tetracycline tablets
The official instruction of tetracycline tablets indicates that they are effective in the following pathologies:
All infectious diseases caused by pathogens sensitive to the drug.
Infections of the skin, bones, soft tissues, mucous membranes (gingivitis, stomatitis, including ulcerative necrotic), acne, conjunctivitis.
Intestinal amoebiasis, cholera, anthrax, brucellosis, rickettsiosis, syphilis, tularemia, trachoma, yaws, listeriosis, uncomplicated gonorrhea, plague, inguinal granuloma, chlamydia, psittacosis, actinomycosis, etc.
Bacterial infections respiratory, urinary tract.
Contraindications
Individual intolerance to tetracycline and its components.
Allergic reaction.
Pregnancy.
breastfeeding period.
Children under 8 years old (dentin of the teeth is affected).
Low level blood leukocytes (leukopenia).
With caution in renal failure.
Side effects
The official instruction indicates that in tetracycline tablets they are as follows:
Digestive system. Vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite, development of gastritis and glossitis ( inflammatory disease tongue), dysphagia (a disorder of the act of swallowing), an increase in the papillae of the tongue, the development of ulcers in the stomach and duodenum 12, pancreatitis, toxic injury liver and increased transaminase, intestinal dysbiosis.
Nervous system. Dizziness, elevation intracranial pressure.
Kidneys and bladder. Increased blood creatinine, azotemia.
Hematopoietic organs. Decreased blood platelets (thrombocytopenia) and neutrophils (neutropenia), development hemolytic anemia.
Immune system and allergic reactions. Development of drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus, redness skin, anaphylactic shock or anaphylactoid-like reactions, angioedema, urticaria, photosensitivity (hypersensitivity to ultraviolet rays).
How to take Tetracycline?
The instruction of the drug says that the tablets are taken 4 times a day before meals for 30 or 60 minutes. They need to drink enough water.
The usual dosage for adults is 250-500 mg. at one time, unless otherwise indicated by the physician.
For acne, the recommended dose is 500 mg to 2 grams per day for 21 days. Then the dose is gradually reduced to a maintenance dose of 125 mg to 1 g.
Brucellosis. 500 mg every 6 hours for 21 days. At the same time, the appointment of streptomycin in therapeutic and age dosages is recommended.
Uncomplicated gonorrhea. Starting dose 1500 mg (1.5 g). subsequently 500 mg every 6 hours for 4 days.
Syphilis. Early 500 mg every 6 hours for 15 days. Late 30 days.
Here, the description of tetracycline is given in free form. For more information, please consult your doctor or read official instructions on the use of the drug.
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Tetracycline is one of the most famous antibiotics. It began to be used a long time ago, but at the same time it is still relevant. It is mainly used for diseases affecting the digestive system.
Release form and mechanism of action
Tetracycline is produced in the form of coated tablets of 500, 250 and 125 mg.
Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It inhibits protein synthesis in the bacterial cell, thereby stopping its growth.
The drug is effective against the following microorganisms:
- Gram-negative: Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, the causative agent of borreliosis and brucellosis;
- Gram-positive: streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus (including aureus), anthrax and actinomycosis pathogens.
Indications for use
The drug is used in the following cases:
- (inflammation of the gallbladder);
- Diseases of the urinary tract;
- Diseases of the lower and upper respiratory tract;
- Subacute septic endocarditis (inflammation of the internal cavities of the heart);
- In diseases that are transmitted to humans from animals (tularemia, typhus and relapsing fever);
- To prevent complications during surgical interventions;
- For the treatment of diseases genitourinary system(including gonorrhea);
- Also, the drug is used to treat amoebic and bacterial dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, trachoma, plague, inguinal granuloma.
Method of application and dosage
Tablets are taken orally, without chewing, half an hour or an hour before meals, drinking plenty of water.
Adults are prescribed 250 mg of the drug every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose is 2 g.
Side effects
- From the side immune system: urticaria, anaphylactic shock, rash, itching, skin redness, Quincke's edema, hypersensitivity to action sun rays, the development of systemic lupus erythematosus is possible;
- From the side of the liver: violation of its function hyperbilirubinemia, increased activity of hepatic transaminases;
- From the side digestive system :, loss of appetite, changes in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and mouth (, stomatitis, glossitis);
- On the part of the blood: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia;
- From the genitourinary system: impaired renal function;
- Other effects: administration of the drug during the formation of teeth may cause discoloration of their enamel. With prolonged use of Tetracycline, the appearance of fungal diseases is possible.
When side effects see a doctor!
From the nervous system: increased intracranial pressure, cephalgia, dizziness;
Contraindications
- With increased sensitivity to Tetracycline and antibiotics of this series;
- Also, it should not be used for severe violations of the functions of the kidneys and liver;
- With leukopenia;
- Tetracycline is not prescribed for children under 8 years of age;
- During breastfeeding and during pregnancy.
Interaction with other drugs
- Do not take Tetracycline simultaneously with drugs containing metal ions (calcium, manganese, magnesium, zinc, aluminum), as their mutual absorption decreases;
- At simultaneous reception with carbamazepine, barbiturates, the antimicrobial activity of Tetracycline is impaired;
- Combination with antibiotics from the penicillin and cephalosporin groups should be avoided.;
- The drug can be combined with Streptomycin;
- With caution, it is prescribed with drugs for the treatment of diabetes.
special instructions
Tetracycline is an antibiotic drug.
Release form and composition
Tetracycline is produced in the following dosage forms:
- Eye ointment 1% (3, 5 or 10 g in aluminum tubes, 1 tube in a cardboard box);
- Ointment for external use 3% (10 g or 15 g in aluminum tubes, 1 tube in a cardboard box);
- Coated tablets: pink, round, biconvex (10 pcs in blister packs, 2 or 4 packs in a carton; 20 pcs in polymer cans, 1 can in a carton).
Composition of 1 tablet:
- Active substance: tetracycline - 0.1 g;
- Auxiliary components: sucrose, corn starch, talc, acid red 2C, basic magnesium carbonate, dextrin, calcium stearate, gelatin, tropeolin O.
Composition of 100 g eye ointment:
- Active substance: tetracycline - 1 g;
- Auxiliary components: vaseline, anhydrous lanolin.
Composition of 100 g of ointment for external use:
- Active substance: tetracycline - 3 g;
- Auxiliary components: petroleum jelly, anhydrous lanolin, sodium sulfite pyroceresin, paraffin.
Indications for use
Tetracycline in the form of tablets is prescribed for the treatment of the following diseases:
- Osteomyelitis;
- Pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, intestinal infections;
- Endometritis, endocarditis, prostatitis;
- Purulent infections of soft tissues;
- Brucellosis, syphilis, whooping cough, gonorrhea, actinomycosis, rickettsiosis, ornithosis;
- Conjunctivitis, trachoma, blepharitis;
- Stomatitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis, gingivitis;
- Infectious diseases caused by microflora sensitive to the action of the drug: pleural empyema, bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis;
- Furunculosis, acne, infected eczema, folliculitis.
Eye ointment is used in the treatment of bacterial and chlamydial eye infections including keratoconjunctivitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, trachoma, meibomitis, rosacea eye lesions.
Outwardly Tetracycline in the form of an ointment is prescribed for the treatment purulent infections soft tissues infected with eczema, furunculosis, rash, acne, folliculitis.
Contraindications
Tetracycline is contraindicated in the presence of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
The drug in the form of tablets should also not be taken by lactating and pregnant women, children under 8 years of age and patients with leukopenia. Patients with renal insufficiency tablets should be used with caution.
Eye ointment for children can be used only after the ratio of the expected benefits of the drug to the possible risk.
Method of application and dosage
Tetracycline tablets are taken orally with plenty of liquid.
Adults are usually prescribed 4 times a day for 0.25-0.5 g or 2 times a day (every 12 hours) for 0.5-1 g. Maximum dose- 4 g per day. Children from 8 years of age are prescribed 4 times a day (every 6 hours) at 6.25-12.5 mg / kg or every 12 hours at 12.5-25 mg / kg.
In the treatment of acne, Tetracycline is used at a dose of 0.5-2 g per day. When the condition improves (usually after 3 weeks), the dose is gradually reduced to a maintenance dose of 0.125-1 g. Adequate remission of acne can be achieved with intermittent therapy or taking the drug every other day.
In uncomplicated gonorrhea, the drug is prescribed in an initial single dose of 1.5 g, after which for 4 days every 6 hours, 0.5 g (total dose - 9 g).
In the treatment of brucellosis for 3 weeks, every 6 hours, 0.5 g of tetracycline is indicated simultaneously with intramuscular injection 1 g streptomycin (during the first week - every 12 hours, during the second week - 1 time per day).
With early syphilis for 15 days, 0.5 g of Tetracycline should be taken every 6 hours, with late syphilis, the drug is taken for 30 days.
For uncomplicated urethral, rectal and endocervical infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, the drug at a dose of 0.5 g should be taken 4 times a day for at least 7 days.
Tetracycline in the form of an ophthalmic ointment is applied topically, laying it every 2-4 hours or more often per eyelid. The duration of therapy is determined by the disease (with trachoma - 1-2 months or longer, simultaneous use with systemic drugs is possible).
Ointment for external use 1-2 times a day should be applied to the affected areas of the skin (it is possible to apply an occlusive dressing).
Side effects
When using Tetracycline in the form of tablets, there may be violations of some systems and organs:
- Nervous system: increased intracranial pressure, toxic effect to the central nervous system(unsteadiness or dizziness);
- Digestive system: vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, glossitis, nausea, esophagitis, gastritis, hepatotoxicity, gastric ulceration and duodenum, dysphagia, hypertrophy of the papillae of the tongue, intestinal dysbacteriosis, pancreatitis, increased activity of hepatic transaminases;
- Urinary system: hypercreatininemia, azotemia;
- Organs of hematopoiesis: thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, neutropenia;
- Immunopathological and allergic reactions: photosensitivity, angioedema, maculo-papular rash, skin flushing, drug lupus erythematosus, anaphylactoid reactions;
- Others: hyperbilirubinemia, candidiasis, superinfection, discoloration of tooth enamel in children, vitamin B deficiency.
When using eye ointment and ointment for external use, the development of allergic reactions is possible.
special instructions
because of possible development photosensitivity requires limitation of insolation.
With prolonged use of Tetracycline, it is periodically necessary to monitor the functions of the liver, kidneys, and hematopoietic organs.
Due to the fact that the drug can mask the manifestations of syphilis, if a mixed infection is possible for 4 months, a serological analysis should be performed monthly.
Tetracyclines in any bone-forming tissue form stable complexes with calcium (Ca 2+), therefore, when taking the drug during the period of tooth development, long-term staining of tooth enamel in yellow-gray is possible. Brown color and enamel hypoplasia.
For the prevention of hypovitaminosis during the period of the use of tablets, it is necessary to prescribe brewer's yeast, vitamins of groups B and K.
If the condition does not improve within a few days of using the eye ointment, you should consult your doctor.
Ointment for external use is not recommended for severe burns, stab or deep wounds, in ophthalmology. During therapy, it must be borne in mind that the use of external antibacterial drugs can lead to sensitization of the body, accompanied by the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions. If the condition does not improve within 14 days, you should consult your doctor.
drug interaction
Tetracycline absorption is reduced by antacids containing aluminum, calcium and magnesium, cholestyramine, iron preparations.
The drug reduces the prothrombin index (a decrease in the dose of indirect anticoagulants is required), the effectiveness of bactericidal antibiotics that disrupt the synthesis of the cell wall (cephalosporins, penicillins), and estrogen-containing oral contraceptives (the risk of breakthrough bleeding increases).
Terms and conditions of storage
Store in a dark, dry place out of the reach of children.
Shelf life - 3 years at a temperature:
- Tablets: up to 25 °C;
- Eye ointment: up to 15 °C;
- Ointment for external use: up to 20 °C.
Inhibits protein synthesis in the microbial cell. It has a bacteriostatic effect. It is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, spirochetes, leptospira, rickettsiae, large viruses (causative agents of trachoma, psittacosis), some protozoa (Trichomonas, amoeba, etc.).
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration, tetracycline is well absorbed (up to 66% of the dose taken). Penetrates into all organs and tissues, as well as into bile, synovial, ascitic, cerebrospinal fluid. It penetrates poorly through an intact blood-brain barrier, but during inflammatory processes in the membranes of the brain, it enters cerebrospinal fluid rises significantly. It binds to plasma proteins by 65%. Selectively accumulates in bones, teeth, liver, spleen, accumulates in significant amounts in tumor tissues. Penetrates through the placenta and into breast milk. It is excreted from the body unchanged, mainly with urine and feces, partly with bile. Despite good absorption in the digestive apparatus, the concentration in the intestine is sufficient for the treatment intestinal infections. In violation of the excretory function of the kidneys, cumulation is possible.
Indications for use
The drug is prescribed for patients with bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, subacute septic endocarditis, used for actinomycosis, gingivitis, stomatitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis, purulent meningitis, cholecystitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, whooping cough, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, brucellosis, tularemia, typhus and relapsing fever, psittacosis, gonorrhea, syphilis, with infectious diseases of the genitourinary tract, infections of the skin and soft tissues, as well as other infectious diseases caused by microorganisms susceptible to this antibiotic. Tetracycline can also be used to prevent infectious complications in surgical patients.
Method of application and dosing regimen
Assign inside during meals or immediately after meals. Dose for adults - 0.2-0.25 g 3-4 times a day (drink with water). Children over 8 years of age are prescribed a daily dose of 20-25 mg / kg.
The course of treatment averages 5-7 days. After the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease, the drug is continued to be taken for 1-3 days.
In case of itching, burning, redness of the skin, treatment is stopped.
special instructions
Tetracycline should not be taken concomitantly with milk or other dairy products, as this interferes with the absorption of the antibiotic.
Side effect
Tetracycline is generally well tolerated. Possible dyspepsia, liver and kidney damage, pancreatitis, dizziness, photophobia, unsteady gait, pigmentation of the skin, mucous membranes, tooth enamel in children, increased intracranial pressure, dysbacteriosis, hypovitaminosis, photosensitivity, allergic reactions.
In case of allergic reactions, the drug is canceled and desensitizing therapy is carried out. To prevent the development of candidiasis, nystatin or levorin is prescribed simultaneously with tetracycline. During treatment, it is advisable to simultaneously prescribe vitamins of group B.
Contraindications
The use of tetracycline is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to it and related antibiotics, with fungal diseases, with severe violations of the liver and kidneys, during pregnancy, lactation (for the period of treatment breastfeeding should be abandoned), children under 8 years old.
Precautionary measures
With caution, the drug is prescribed for leukopenia.
When applied to children under 8 years of age, it causes a long-term discoloration of the teeth.
Interaction with other drugs
The combined use of tetracycline with products containing metal ions (aluminum, calcium, magnesium, bismuth, manganese, zinc, iron preparations) is not recommended due to the formation of inactive chelates. The antimicrobial activity of tetracycline is reduced by joint application with barbiturates, carbamazepine due to increased metabolism of the antibiotic due to the induction of microsomal liver enzymes. Simultaneous administration with penicillins is not recommended (the drugs exhibit an antagonistic effect on microorganisms). Tetracycline increases the concentration of lithium, digoxin in plasma, enhances the effects of oral anticoagulants, and may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Release form
Film-coated tablets, 100 mg in package No. 20 (No. 10x2 in blisters).
(included in the complex therapy).
Tetracycline is a crystalline powder that is odorless and bitter in taste. At the same time, this powder is almost insoluble in water.
Tetracycline release forms
This antibiotic is produced in the form of a one percent eye ointment, tablets, as well as a three percent ointment, which is used externally.It is also worth noting that tetracycline has other trade names– Imex and Glycocycline.
Tetracycline manufacturers
| Manufacturing firm | Commercial name of the medicinal product | Country | Release form | Dosage |
| Tathhimpharmaceuticals | Tetracycline | Russia | Eye ointment 1% | Placed in the conjunctival sac for the lower eyelid) in a small layer three to five times a day. The course of treatment is selected based on the type and severity of the eye disease. |
| Verba-farm | Tetracycline | Russia | ||
| Nizhpharm | Tetracycline | Russia | Ointment for external use 3% | Apply and rub on the affected segments of the skin. The frequency of use of the ointment is 1 - 2 times a day. In some cases, it is recommended to resort to the imposition of a weak occlusal ( squeezing) bandages. |
| Synthesis | Tetracycline-AKOS | Russia | ||
| Biosynthesis | Tetracycline | Russia | ||
| Belmedpreparaty | Tetracycline | Republic of Belarus | Coated tablets | Children over 18 and adults
should take 0.25 - 0.5 grams four times a day. The maximum dose that can be taken per day should not exceed 4 grams. Children over 8 years old select the dosage based on weight - 25 - 50 milligrams per kilogram four times a day. The duration of tetracycline treatment is most often 7 to 10 days. |
| Biochemist | Tetracycline | Russia | ||
| Tyumen Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant | Tetracycline-LEKT | Russia | Film-coated tablets |
The mechanism of the therapeutic action of the drug
Tetracycline is bacteriostatic ( affects the growth and reproduction of bacteria) antibiotic. Tetracycline is often used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive ( saprophytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria) and Gram-negative bacteria ( haemophilus influenzae, salmonella, coli, shigella, enterobacter, brucella). In case of contraindications to the prescription of antibiotics penicillin series tetracycline is used to treat inguinal and venereal lymphogranuloma, syphilis. Tetracycline is also used to treat serious illnesses like cholera, plague and anthrax is part of complex treatment ). At the same time, microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, bacteroids, group A streptococci are resistant to this antibiotic ( beta hemolytic).The main mechanism of action of tetracycline is to uncouple the process of protein synthesis. Penetrating inside the microorganism, tetracycline leads to disruption of the complex between ribosomes ( special internal fragments of the cell in which the production of protein molecules is carried out) with a carrier of genetic material ( transfer RNA). Ultimately, the bacterium is not able to produce protein for its own needs, which leads to disruption of most vital processes.
When taken orally ( in tablet form) tetracycline is absorbed by 75% of the entire dose taken. It should be noted that taking an antibiotic during meals reduces absorption in the mucosa. digestive tract (especially when using fermented milk products ). Most often, the required therapeutic concentration occurs within the first two or three days from the start of treatment.
Tetracycline, penetrating into the bloodstream, is well distributed in almost all tissues of the body. Tetracycline is metabolized to a small extent in the liver tissues, and excreted in the urine and feces. This antibiotic easily crosses the placenta and can enter the circulatory system fetus. Tetracycline also passes into breast milk.
For what pathologies is it prescribed?
This antibiotic has a wide spectrum of action and that is why it is used to treat many infectious diseases.The use of tetracycline
| Name of the pathology | Mechanism of action | Dosage |
| Respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma, Haemophilus influenzae or Klebsiella | ||
| Pneumonia | Having penetrated inside the microorganism, it binds to ribosomes and disrupts the ability to produce protein molecules. In the absence of the necessary proteins, which are involved in various processes, the microorganism stops growing and multiplying and subsequently dies. | Take the tablets by mouth with a glass of water 200 milliliters) during or after a meal. Adults one-time appoint 250 - 500 milligrams of tetracycline four times a day or 0.5 - 1.0 grams twice a day. You can take up to 4 grams per day as a maximum. Children from 8 years old the daily dosage is prescribed based on the body weight of the child - 20-25 milligrams per kilogram of weight ( per day). The course of treatment depends on the severity of the disease. |
| Bronchitis | ||
| Laryngitis
(inflammation of the larynx) |
||
| infections oral cavity | ||
| Stomatitis | The same. | Same. |
| Gingivitis
(inflammation of the gums) |
||
| Urinary tract infections | ||
| Bartonellosis
(tropical infection with the appearance of specific warts on the skin, which proceeds in two phases) | The same. | Same. |
| chancroid
(sexually transmitted disease, in which multiple ulcers occur on the genitals) | Same. | |
| Uncomplicated gonorrhea | The initial single dosage is 1.5 grams. Thereafter, tetracycline should be taken at 300 milligrams 4 times a day for at least 4 days. In total, the total dosage should be 9 grams. | |
| Inguinal granuloma
(disease with chronic inflammation genitals) | Same. | |
| Venereal lymphogranuloma
(a disease that is characterized by the appearance of ulcers on the genitals with an increase inguinal lymph nodes ) | Same. | |
| Syphilis | For early syphilis, take 200 milligrams 4 times a day for two weeks and or for one month for late syphilis. | |
| Eye diseases | ||
| Conjunctivitis
(inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye) | The same. | Eye ointment is placed under the lower eyelid with a thin layer. The procedure is repeated 3-5 times a day. The duration of treatment should be selected by the doctor. |
| Blepharitis
(inflammation of the edges of the eyelids) |
||
| Keratitis
(inflammation of the cornea) |
||
| Barley | ||
| Trachoma
(damage to the mucous membrane of the eye and cornea with a chronic course) | Dosage and duration of treatment depends on the stage of the disease. | |
| Infectious diseases of the skin | ||
| Acne | The same. | Chosen by a dermatologist. |
| Rosacea
(rosacea) |
||
| Other infectious diseases | ||
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever
(infectious disease with severe intoxication and a characteristic rash on the skin) | The same. | The dose and duration of treatment is selected individually. |
| Plague | ||
| Typhus
(a disease in which a rash appears on the skin, and the cardiovascular and nervous systems are also affected) |
||
| Relapsing fever
(a disease characterized by intoxication and paroxysmal fever) |
||
| Tularemia
(infectious disease with fever, intoxication and damage to the lymph nodes) |
||
| Brucellosis
(multi-organ infectious disease) | Tetracycline tablets are taken at a dosage of 100-150 milligrams 4 times a day for 21 days along with intravenous streptomycin. | |
| Yaws
(a disease that affects the skin, bones, and cartilage) | Dosage and duration of therapy is selected individually. | |
| ornithosis
(infectious disease with damage to the respiratory and central nervous system, as well as an increase in the liver and spleen) |
||
| Actinomycosis
(chronic illness with damage to various organs and tissues) |
||
How to apply the medication?
Tetracycline tablets should be taken with or immediately after a meal with a glass of water ( 200 milliliters).Adults prescribe 0.25 - 0.5 grams of the drug every 5 - 6 hours ( four times a day). No more than 4 grams of tetracycline can be taken per day.
Children from 8 years old the daily dose of tetracycline is prescribed based on the current weight of the child - 25 to 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
Tetracycline eye ointment is placed under the lower eyelid ( conjunctival sac) in a thin layer. The ointment should be used three to five times a day. The duration of treatment with tetracycline eye ointment depends on the type of eye disease and is selected only by the attending physician.
Ointment for external use is applied to the affected skin segments. In some cases, for a better therapeutic effect, a pressure bandage is applied. It should be noted that tetracycline is almost not absorbed through intact skin.
Possible side effects
Tetracycline in some cases can cause various side effects on the part of many organs and tissues. Most often, these side effects are temporary and completely disappear after the completion of the course of treatment.The use of tetracycline can cause the following side effects:
- disorders of the digestive system;
- disorders of the nervous system;
- violations of the hematopoietic organs;
- disorders of the urinary system;
- allergic manifestations;
- other side effects.
Digestive system disorders
Penetrating into gastrointestinal tract tetracycline is capable of irritating the lining of the intestines, esophagus, or stomach. Most frequent symptoms serve as nausea, vomiting or impaired stool.Oral tetracycline can lead to the following side effects:
- elevation of liver tests.
Esophagitis is an inflammatory process that is localized in the mucous membrane of the esophagus. Esophagitis in most cases is accompanied by heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing food.
Elevation of liver tests occurs due to the fact that tetracycline is partially metabolized in liver cells. Sometimes this antibiotic can disrupt the integrity of hepatocytes ( liver cells) and lead to the release of liver enzymes ( hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase) into the bloodstream.
Nervous System Disorders
Sometimes taking large doses of tetracycline can cause temporary dizziness. Also, in rare cases, it can also increase. These side effects are related to the effect on blood vessels located in the brain.Hematopoietic disorders
Tetracycline can cause the development of quite serious disorders of the hematopoietic system.In rare cases, tetracycline can cause the following side effects:
- neutropenia;
Neutropenia is a pathological condition in which total number neutrophils ( one of the subspecies of white blood cells) is significantly reduced. These cells are necessary to neutralize pathogenic bacteria and microscopic fungi. Neutropenia leads to a decrease immune status and may appear feverish state, headache, nausea, vomiting and pain in various muscle groups ( myalgia).
Hemolytic anemia characterized by increased breakdown of erythrocytes or red blood cells. In hemolytic anemia, it is released from red blood cells a large number bilirubin, which manifests itself in the form of staining of the skin and mucous membranes in a yellow tint ( jaundice). It should be noted that hemolytic anemia while taking tetracycline occurs quite rarely.
Urinary system disorders
Passing through the urinary system, tetracycline can cause some changes in the renal glomeruli and tubules. In the vast majority of cases, these changes completely disappear after the end of the course of treatment with this antibiotic.There are the following side effects while taking tetracycline:
- hypercreatininemia;
- azotemia.
azotemia is a pathological condition in which nitrogenous metabolic products accumulate in the bloodstream. Azotemia while taking tetracycline occurs due to the accumulation of high concentrations of creatinine in the blood serum. Creatinine is then reabsorbed from the renal tubules into the blood ( reabsorption process). Azotemia is characterized by symptoms such as reduced urine output ( oliguria), thirst, dry mouth ( xerostomia), edema, increased heart rate ( tachycardia) and weakness.
Allergic manifestations
Like almost any other antibiotic, tetracycline can cause various allergic reactions. During the first contact with an antibiotic, antibodies are produced in the body, which, upon subsequent penetration of the drug into the body, bind to it and cause a chain of reactions with the release of a large number of allergy mediators ( Histamine is the main mediator).When taking tetracycline, the following allergic reactions may occur:
- skin hyperemia;
- anaphylactoid reactions;
- drug lupus;
- photosensitivity.
Quincke's edema (angioedema) is one of the most frequent species drug allergy. Quincke's edema manifests itself in the defeat of the hypodermis ( subcutaneous fat) face, limbs, and sometimes genitals. This allergic reaction occurs a few hours after ingestion of tetracycline and disappears, as a rule, within the first two days. It should be noted that sometimes Quincke's edema can lead to blockage of the upper respiratory tract and suffocation ( swelling of the mucous membrane of the larynx).
Anaphylactoid reactions are quite similar to anaphylactic reactions (this reaction is based on immune processes), but they do not involve antibodies. With anaphylactoid reactions, the first symptoms appear already in the first minutes after taking tetracycline. The skin begins to swell, nausea and vomiting appear. Further, the lumen of the larynx and bronchi narrows due to swelling of the mucous membrane, which is manifested by respiratory failure. In addition, it significantly regulates blood pressure ( collapse). Data pathological disorders are extremely serious and can cause death in a short period of time.
Drug-induced lupus is a rather rare pathology. With drug-induced lupus, as a rule, only the joints are affected. The limbs become very sensitive to cold and are very often pale in color. Unlike systemic lupus erythematosus, facial skin lesions ( atrophy, redness and scaly red patches) is most often absent or extremely insignificant. Timely detection and discontinuation of the medication, as a rule, completely eliminates this phenomenon (in some cases resort to treatment with corticosteroids).
photosensitization appears hypersensitivity skin to ultraviolet rays of the sun. Penetrating into the surface tissues of the body, tetracycline can lead to photoallergy ( inflammation of the skin caused by ultraviolet rays). This is due to the fact that penetrating into the skin, the sun's ultraviolet rays modify the structure of the drug, which is later recognized as an allergen. This allergic reaction occurs only on those areas of the skin that have been exposed to sunlight.
Other side effects
In addition to the above adverse reactions sometimes tetracycline causes some other pathological changes in the body.Tetracycline can also cause the following side effects:
- discoloration of tooth enamel in children);
- hyperbilirubinemia.
Candidiasis(thrush) is a disease in which the mucous membranes, as well as the skin, are affected by a microscopic fungus of the genus Candida. Most often, candidiasis occurs in the intestines. This is due to the fact that tetracycline suppresses the normal intestinal microflora, while favorable conditions for growth and reproduction are created for the fungus of the genus Candida. Intestinal candidiasis is manifested by diarrhea and flatulence ( excessive gas formation in the intestines).
Changing the color of tooth enamel is a fairly common side effect in the case of taking tetracycline by pregnant women, as well as children under 5-8 years old. Tetracycline can penetrate the still unformed tissues of the child's teeth and stain them in yellow (also can be various shades of yellow and brown). The intensity of staining of the teeth depends on the duration of the course of treatment with tetracycline.
Hyperbilirubinemia is an increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a bile pigment and can be released from liver cells or red blood cells when they are damaged. Hyperbilirubinemia may result from hemolytic anemia ( increased breakdown of red blood cells). In this case, bilirubin is toxic to the body ( unbound bilirubin). If bilirubin is released from liver cells, then it is non-toxic ( bound bilirubin).
Approximate cost of medication
The antibiotic tetracycline is on the list of vital medicines and therefore it can be found in almost every pharmacy. Depending on the form of release, the price of tetracycline may vary somewhat.Average price of tetracycline
| City | The cost of tetracycline | ||
| Tablets | Eye ointment | Ointment for external use | |
| Moscow | 69 rubles | 27 rubles | 36 rubles |
| Kazan | 68 rubles | 27 rubles | 35 rubles |
| Krasnoyarsk | 67 rubles | 27 rubles | 34 rubles |
| Samara | 67 rubles | 26 rubles | 34 rubles |
| Tyumen | 71 ruble | 29 rubles | 37 rubles |
| Chelyabinsk | 73 rubles | 29 rubles | 38 rubles |
From what age can tetracycline tablets be given to children, and in what dosage?
Tetracycline can be prescribed to children only from the age of 8 years. It is strictly forbidden to prescribe this antibiotic to children under 8 years of age, as this can adversely affect bone tissue, teeth, liver, and sometimes the central nervous system. It is worth noting that some doctors recommend taking tetracycline starting at age 10 or 12. In this case, the likelihood of any side effects from the bone and other tissues of the child's body will be minimal. Tetracycline most commonly affects tooth enamel. The fact is that while taking tetracycline tablets, this medication is evenly distributed throughout the body and, penetrating into the still unformed bone tissue and tooth enamel, can lead to quite serious disorders. Below is a table with possible side effects due to tetracycline ingestion childhood.
Negative effects of tetracycline in childhood
| Organs and tissues sensitive to tetracycline | Manifestations |
| Bone | Penetrating into the bone tissue, tetracycline to some extent slows down and disrupts the process of bone growth. In the future, this may lead to a decrease in the rate of linear growth. |
| Tooth enamel | Tetracycline can destroy enamel and lead to a change in its color ( affects mineralization.). In the future, the teeth absorb almost all food dyes, as a result of which individual segments or the entire crown are stained yellow or yellow-brown. These manifestations are related to non-carious lesions of the tooth and depend on the dose and duration of treatment. Long-term use tetracycline can lead to enamel underdevelopment. |
| Liver | Tetracycline is quite toxic to liver tissue ( hepatotoxic). Passing through the cells of the liver of a child, this antibiotic can cause such severe disorders as fatty degeneration of the liver ( accumulation of large amounts of fat in the liver cells) or even necrosis of the liver tissue ( destruction of liver cells). |
| central nervous system | The main manifestations are dizziness and unsteady and wobbly gait. By acting on the central nervous system, tetracycline can lead to an increase in intracranial pressure ( intracranial hypertension ), which is quite dangerous for the child's body. |
As already mentioned, tetracycline should be given to a child who has already reached 8 years of age. For children, a single and daily dosage is selected based on the current body weight. Tablets should be taken during or immediately after a meal with a glass of water ( 200 milliliters).
Daily and single dosage of tetracycline for children
Is it possible to combine tetracycline and alcohol?
During treatment with tetracycline, as well as for at least three days after its completion, it is recommended to completely eliminate the use of alcohol. This is due to the fact that the antibiotic, as well as ethanol ( ethanol), passes and is metabolized in the liver. Increased load on the liver tissue may be accompanied by damage to hepatocytes ( liver cells). That is why, in violation of liver function, tetracycline intake must be limited. It is worth noting that some scientists believe that alcohol has little to no effect on the human body during antibiotic treatment. The only exceptions are antibiotics, which can cause the so-called disulfiram-like reaction ( disulfiram is used to code for alcoholism). This reaction is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, chills , increased heart rate ( tachycardia), shortness of breath, redness of the skin. A disulfiram reaction can be caused by some cephalosporins ( moxalactam, cefoperazone, cefotetan, cefamandol), nitroimidazoles ( metronidazole, tinidazole), as well as chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole and ketoconazole. There have not yet been documented cases of a disulfiram-like reaction when drinking alcohol during a course of tetracycline treatment. However, in order to avoid the occurrence of disorders of the liver and other organs, it is strongly not recommended to drink alcohol during treatment with tetracycline.
Can tetracycline be taken during pregnancy and lactation?
Taking tetracycline during pregnancy or lactation ( breast-feeding) is strictly prohibited. The fact is that this antibiotic can easily cross the placenta at any stage of pregnancy into the circulatory system of the fetus and accumulate in bone tissue and tooth enamel. By binding to calcium and phosphoric acid in dental tissue, tetracycline leads to its hypoplasia ( underdevelopment). When mineralization is disturbed, the teeth begin to absorb most food dyes, which leads to their staining in yellow or brown color or their shades ( yellow-lemon, brown-yellow, orange-brown or brown-gray). Tetracycline is able to accumulate in skeletal bones and slow down the process of longitudinal growth, which in the future can, to a certain extent, affect the development of the child. Tetracycline can also enter the child's body while feeding him. breast milk. When treated with this antibiotic, a nursing mother stops breastfeeding a child and uses various dry and sour-milk mixtures for feeding. Three days after you stop taking tetracycline, you can breastfeed your baby again.
How long can tetracycline be taken?
The duration of treatment with tetracycline depends on the type and severity of the disease, as well as on the form of release ( tablets, eye ointment and ointment for external use), but most often does not exceed 7 days. In most cases, tetracycline tablets are prescribed to be taken within 5 to 7 days. It is during this period that the antibiotic, as a rule, completely stops growth and reproduction, and also neutralizes the causative agent of an infectious disease. At the same time, in such a short period of time, the risk of any side effects from taking tetracycline remains relatively minimal. In some cases, tetracycline eye ointment may be used for more than one week. With chronic inflammatory process an ophthalmologist can prescribe treatment with this ointment up to a month.
The duration of treatment with tetracycline ointment for external use in rare cases exceeds 7 to 10 days. It should be noted that in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, the frequency and duration of treatment should always be clarified with the attending physician.
When should I take tetracycline with nystatin?
Nystatin is taken together with tetracycline when it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of candidiasis or thrush ( damage to the mucous membranes by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida). Nystatin is a highly active antifungal drug that inhibits the growth and reproduction of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. The point is that tetracycline large doses able to inhibit the normal microflora of the intestines, oral cavity, vagina, and sometimes the skin. In the absence normal microflora extremely favorable conditions are created for the growth and reproduction of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. This then leads to the development of candidiasis. most often affected colon
). In this case, to prevent thrush, they resort to the use of an antimycotic ( antifungal drug) nystatin. It should be noted that in most cases a combination of tetracycline and nystatin is used when it is necessary to resort to long-term treatment some serious illnesses or if the patient has reduced immunity ( with reduced immunity, the likelihood of candidiasis increases).
Can tetracycline be taken to treat stomach ulcers?
Tetracycline can be used to treat peptic ulcers, but only as part of combination therapy ( in combination with other medicines). Several treatment regimens are used to treat stomach ulcers. Below are the two most common treatment regimens peptic ulcer stomach. Standard treatment regimens for stomach ulcers
| Three-component treatment regimen | Four-component treatment regimen |
| Antisecretory medication
(omeprazole/lansoprazole/pantoprazole) | Antisecretory medication
(omeprazole/lansoprazole/pantoprazole) |
| Antibiotic
(clarithromycin/amoxicillin/metronidazole) | Bismuth preparation
(bismuth subcitrate/bismuth subsalicylate) |
| Histamine receptor blocker
(ranitidine) | Metronidazole |
| Tetracycline |
It should be noted that a four-component treatment regimen for gastric ulcers is prescribed only in the case when the three-component did not give positive results. In each individual case, it is the attending gastroenterologist who must select the necessary treatment regimen, based on clinical and diagnostic research methods ( endoscopy, X-ray, Helicobacter pylori detection). After completion of the course of treatment, it is necessary to undergo a second examination.