How sea air helps patients with tuberculosis. Climatic resorts of sea coasts. You are susceptible to moderate lung disease
The need for sanatorium-resort treatment of tuberculosis patients, both adults and children, tends to grow. This is due, on the one hand, to the unfavorable epidemiological situation regarding tuberculosis, which is sharply deteriorating, by the state of public health, and on the other hand, to the possibility of achieving high results in sanatorium treatment: clinical cure of tuberculosis in 75-80% of patients with tuberculosis, improvement in functional indicators in 95-98% sick.
Sanatorium- spa treatment is an important step in complex therapy patients with tuberculosis and in the prevention of tuberculosis among people at risk. In children, especially with extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, as well as in adults with newly diagnosed small and limited forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in the phase of infiltration and resorption without bacterial excretion, the entire period of treatment can take place in a sanatorium, bypassing the inpatient stage. In other cases, the sanatorium stage includes follow-up treatment and rehabilitation after the acute phase or surgery.
An important point in the modern approach to sanatorium-resort treatment of tuberculosis is the combination of courses of specific chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy using natural-climatic, preformed physical and other sanatorium-resort factors.
Types of sanatoriums for the treatment of tuberculosis
Sanatorium-resort treatment of tuberculosis is carried out in anti-tuberculosis sanatoriums located in seaside, mountain, forest and steppe climatic resorts.
The specificity of seaside climatic resorts is the possibility of conducting thalasso procedures, including both breathing sea air and sea bathing. In mountain resorts, the main operating factors are low atmospheric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen, and increased solar radiation. They have a training, hardening effect, stimulate protective-adaptive mechanisms, and the function of the cardio-respiratory system.
Anti-tuberculosis sanatoriums are located in low mountains (from 400 to 1000 m above sea level), where healthy man does not feel any signs of discomfort. But for the body of a patient with tuberculosis, even those changes in atmospheric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen characteristic of this altitude can create a training load.
Forest and steppe resorts are mainly either included as part of other types of resorts, or as local resorts. The main health factor at these resorts is forest or steppe air, cleaner than in cities, enriched with oxygen and volatile biologically active substances released by plants.
In Ukraine, seaside anti-tuberculosis sanatoriums are concentrated mainly on the southern coast of Crimea - the South Coast (resorts Alupka, Simeiz). Most of them are intended for the treatment of patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment in them is especially indicated for patients with a torpid course of respiratory tuberculosis, as well as in the presence of concomitant nonspecific respiratory diseases, stage I-II hypertension, and initial forms.
On the South Coast there are also sanatoriums for the treatment of patients with tuberculosis of bones and joints and tuberculosis genitourinary organs. Treatment residual effects extrapulmonary tuberculosis (bones and joints, eye, lymph nodes, genitourinary organs) can be carried out in sanatoriums of the coastal-steppe zone (Evpatoria, Odessa region, Berdyansk) in sanatoriums of the corresponding profile.
Mountain climatic resorts (low mountains) are located on the southern slopes of the Crimean Mountains (Big Yalta) and in the Carpathians (Vorokhta, Tatarov, Yaremche). The sanatoriums of these resorts specialize in treating patients suffering primarily from pulmonary tuberculosis.
There are no steppe kumiss-therapeutic resorts in Ukraine. But in some sanatoriums of the South Coast, kumis made from mare’s milk is supplied from the foothills of Crimea. Tuberculosis patients with poor tolerance to chemotherapy and concomitant diseases of the digestive system should be sent to such sanatoriums.
Local climatic resorts are distinguished not by their climate, but by their proximity to a person’s place of residence. In Ukraine, most local climatic resorts are lowland forest or forest-steppe resorts in the temperate zone. They have a significantly more favorable environment compared to nearby cities and allow for climate-therapeutic procedures. For sick people, it is important that these resorts do not require acclimatization. For this reason, seriously ill people are usually recommended treatment at local resorts.
Methods of sanatorium-resort treatment of tuberculosis
The main methods of climatotherapy at resorts are aerotherapy (aerorespiratory therapy, air baths), heliotherapy and swimming in ponds. Different types of climate influences activate different adaptation mechanisms. But almost all of them affect the state of the neuroendocrine and cardiovascular systems.
Thermal effects, in addition, have a pronounced effect on the respiratory system, excretion, and energy production. Aerorespiratory - on the respiratory and hematopoietic organs, energy production. Helium-influencing - on the skin, connective tissue. Most factors directly or indirectly affect immunity.
The use of these methods is determined by the prescribed sanatorium-climatic regime and depends on the patient’s condition.
Tuberculosis treatment regimens
Mode 0 (rest mode, bed) is prescribed during an exacerbation of tuberculosis or concomitant diseases, as well as with pronounced acclimatization reactions.
Mode I (gentle) is aimed at creating optimal conditions for adaptation to new climatic factors, preserving the body’s reserve forces, facilitating the functioning of the cardio-respiratory and nervous systems in patients with clinical signs tuberculosis and related diseases.
Mode II (gentle training or tonic) is used to stimulate the body’s compensatory capabilities, train adaptation mechanisms, cardio-respiratory, neuroendocrine and other systems through gradually increasing physical, thermal and other types of stress. This regimen is prescribed during the period of subsidence of the tuberculosis process and remission of concomitant diseases, as well as for patients who have undergone surgery for tuberculosis with mild functional impairments.
Mode III (training) is aimed at training the functional systems of the body, hardening, preparing for work through the maximum use of active methods of climate therapy and physical exercise and is aimed at increasing the body's resistance, normalizing metabolism, respiratory function, blood circulation, and thermoregulation. This regimen is prescribed for stable remission of the tuberculosis process and concomitant diseases.
Aerorespiratorytherapy consists of breathing fresh air for as long as possible, different from indoor air high content oxygen, the presence of light negative air ions and volatile plant biologically active substances and other components beneficial to the body. Staying outdoors improves oxygenation of the body due to both high content oxygen and by stimulating respiration. Breathing sea air and the air of parks and forests, especially coniferous ones, is especially beneficial.
Compared to land air, sea air is enriched with particles of salts of sodium, magnesium, calcium, etc. It also contains more ozone and negative air ions, including iodine, bromine, etc. The salts contained in sea water have a beneficial effect on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract ways. Negative lungs ions are beneficial for the nervous system ( sedative effect) and cardiovascular systems, stimulate metabolism, activating respiratory enzymes of tissues, have a hyposensitizing effect, and increase the body's resistance. The air of forests and parks is clean and oxygenated. Volatile biologically active substances, secreted by coniferous plants, improve bronchial patency, lung ventilation, and have an anti-inflammatory effect. This is especially important for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, who often experience hypoxia and respiratory failure.
Normoxic aerorespiratory therapy during exposure to air in comfortable thermal conditions has no contraindications. Most effective option aerorespiratory therapy is a round-the-clock stay in the open air, including sleeping on the seashore. In the warm season, round-the-clock aerotherapy is a gentle method of climatic treatment and can be prescribed to almost all patients in remission. But in the cold season there is a combination of aerorespiratory and cold effects, which increases the workload of this type of therapy. Therefore, it requires a special organization, set out in the climatotherapy manuals.
Air baths
Carrying out air baths for patients has two goals: firstly, to reduce sensitivity to cooling, and secondly, to activate and balance homeostatic mechanisms.
The dosage of air baths is carried out using two indicators: equivalent effective temperature - EET and cold load. By temperature, air baths are divided into cold (EET 1-8 ° C), moderately cold (9-16 ° C), cool (17-19 ° C), indifferent (21-22 ° C) and warm (23 ° C and higher).
The cold load of the baths is divided into three levels: strong with uncompensated heat loss procedure 40-45 kcal / m2 of body area, medium - 30-35 kcal / m2, weak - 20-25 kcal / m2. Dosing of the cold load is carried out using tables contained in special manuals. Air baths are prescribed on the 7-10th day of acclimatization at the resort. The duration of the course of cool baths is 25-30 procedures. In the summer, baths can be provided throughout the patient’s entire stay in the sanatorium. Warm air baths can be prescribed to patients on bed rest.
Air baths within the limits of a weak cold load throughout the entire course are indicated for patients who are on sanatorium-climatic regime No. 1. These are patients: in various forms in the resorption phase (with EET not lower than 12-15 ° C), as well as in postoperative period 2-4 weeks after surgery on the lungs for tuberculosis in the absence of complications (with EET not lower than 18 ° C). You need to start with minimal doses (from 10-15 kcal/m2) and, increasing the dose every 3-5 days by 5 kcal/m2, bring it to the prescribed dose. During the course of treatment, the flask increases the hardening of the body, the boundary EET, during which air baths are carried out, can be reduced.
Air baths with an average cold load are usually prescribed to patients on sanatorium-climatic regime No. 2. They are indicated for patients with: pulmonary tuberculosis in the initial period of remission (with EET not lower than 12-15 ° C), and also 3-4 weeks after surgery on the lungs in the absence of complications (with EEA not lower than 16 ° C). The procedures begin with a dose of 15 kcal/m2, increasing by 5 kcal/m: every 2-3 days. It is possible to individually increase the dose of air baths to 35 kcal/m2 in the second half of the course of treatment for patients who are indicated for air baths with a weak cold load, if they tolerate it well.
Air baths due to strong cold loads are indicated for patients who are not susceptible to cold reactions in a period of stable remission pathological process, in the absence of respiratory and cardiovascular failure, that is, those who are on sanatorium-climatic regime No. 3. For patients listed in the indications for air baths of medium cold load, if they tolerate this dose well, the individual dose can be increased by the end of the course of treatment to 45 kcal / m2. Air baths can be released at EET up to 10-12 ° C, and with sufficient resistance to cooling at EET up to 0-5 ° C. Air baths at a dose of 45 kcal / m2 are not recommended for children.
Swimming in reservoirs
The purpose of swimming in reservoirs is the same as air baths. Compared to air baths, bathing has a much greater effect on the body, which, on the one hand, accelerates the achievement of the effect, on the other, increases the list of contraindications. Swimming in natural bodies of water (sea, lake, river) is prescribed to patients after 3-5 days of adaptation to resort conditions. If negative acclimatization reactions occur, bathing can be prescribed only after they have been eliminated.
For dosing bathing, indicators of water temperature and cold load are used. The EET of air is also taken into account. The gradations of cold load are the same as for air baths. Practical dosing is also prescribed according to special tables. Bathing with a weak cold load is indicated for patients on sanatorium-climatic regime No. 1 (patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in the phase of fading infiltration, in the postoperative period, as well as little training to the effects of external factors).
Bathing at an average cold load is usually prescribed to patients who are on sanatorium-climatic regime No. 2. They are indicated for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the initial period of remission, as well as for those who have undergone effective surgery on the lungs in the absence of complications. The same regimen is indicated for patients with active, torpid pulmonary tuberculosis, but with a long period of transition from a weak cold load with monitoring of the tolerability of the procedures.
Bathing under severe cold stress is prescribed for patients staying in sanatorium-climatic regime No. 3. These are patients with metatuberculous changes in the lungs with stable remission of the pathological process, the absence of respiratory and cardiovascular failure, patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis after completing the main course of chemotherapy, and those who suffered effective resection lungs.
Heliotherapy
It is used for long-term torpid or burnt-out tuberculosis of pulmonary (, infiltrative) and non-pulmonary (bones and joints, peripheral lymphadenitis, mesadenitis) localization in order to accelerate the resorption of foci of infiltration and healing of destruction, stimulation of immunity, desensitization and increasing the general resistance of the body, normalization of function external respiration, of cardio-vascular system, thermoregulation.
But an overdose of helium influence can lead to increased inflammation and processes of decay, dissemination, and bleeding. Therefore, heliotherapy should be used only against the background of chemotherapy at the exact dosage. Heliotherapy procedures are dosed individually according to the minimum dose of solar radiation that causes the formation of skin erythema (biodose), and massively - according to the energy equivalent of the biodose (EEB), which is approximately 20 cal/cm2 of total solar radiation at a height of the Sun above the horizon of 60 °. This dose causes erythema in most untanned whites.
When prescribing solar irradiation, the occurrence of erythema, i.e. 1st degree radiation burns should be avoided. All the beneficial effects of solar radiation can be obtained at suberythemal doses. At the same time, it should be taken into account that during the course of irradiation the body’s resistance to solar radiation increases significantly. Due to this, by the end of the course, a dose of even 2-3 EEB may turn out to be suberythemal. The interaction of thermal and photochemical effects of solar irradiation enhances their overall physiological effect. Therefore, solar irradiation regimes are determined not only by biodoses, but also by the range of radiation equivalent effective temperatures (REET).
Heliotherapy is contraindicated for all diseases in the acute stage and during exacerbation, bleeding, exhaustion, for malignant and benign tumors, progressive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, when tuberculosis is combined with severe atherosclerosis, hypertension Stage III, circulatory failure II-III degree, bronchial asthma with frequent and severe attacks, severe dysfunction of the nervous system, severe organic lesions central nervous system (syringomyelia, multiple sclerosis, etc.), for blood diseases, lupus erythematosus, malaria, thyrotoxicosis, hypersensitivity to sunlight (hematoporphyria, etc.).
In addition to the described climatic treatment methods, sanatorium-resort medical and rehabilitation complexes use physical therapy, massage, balneotherapy and hardware physiotherapy.
Exercise therapy, balneotherapy, physiotherapy
Physical exercise strengthens the body, stimulates compensatory mechanisms, the function of various organs and systems and, above all, the cardio-respiratory, nervous, and movement organs. For the purpose of general training, the following forms of therapeutic therapy are used: physical culture, as morning hygienic gymnastics, sports games, health path, close tourism, etc. To correct local disorders caused by the tuberculosis process, they are used special exercises. The level of physical activity is regulated according to the sanatorium-climatic regime in which the patient is located.
Massage is effective means both general stimulation of the body and the elimination of local disorders by improving blood and lymph flow, tissue trophism, and relieving spasms. Balneotherapy is used in the form of baths (sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, oxygen) and mud therapy (silt and peat mud). Among the means of hardware physiotherapy, ultrasound, phonophoresis and electrophoresis are most often prescribed. medicinal substances, diadynamic currents. Inhalation aerosol therapy is widely used for respiratory tuberculosis and concomitant nonspecific lung diseases.
Non-drug treatment methods occupy an important place in the treatment of tuberculosis, as more and more patients are developing forms of mycobacteria resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Non-medicinal methods of influencing the body include climatotherapy, including aerotherapy and heliotherapy (treatment with air and sun).
Climatotherapy includes all the beneficial effects on the human body of natural factors of a certain area with a particular climate.
However, with the current level of knowledge, we can say with confidence that tuberculosis can be successfully treated in any climate, when patients have unlimited access to fresh, clean air. Therefore, the main component of climate therapy is aerotherapy.
Fresh air is the main healing factor for patients with lesions of the respiratory system of any nature. It has a pronounced tonic and hypnotic effect, increases appetite, activates the central nervous system and the body's natural resistance to infections.
In local sanatoriums, aerotherapy is carried out year-round. Its possibilities are especially wide in the summer, when patients may be in natural conditions during the day and on the so-called covered verandas at night, that is, the treatment with fresh air is not interrupted for a minute. The air of a coniferous forest is especially beneficial.
In addition to fresh air in special climatic zones Solar radiation and geographic factors matter.
The following types of climates are most useful for tuberculosis patients:
- mountainous (foothill climate is distinguished from 300 to 700 m above sea level,
- mid-mountain - from 700 to 1400 m above sea level,
- alpine - from 1400 to 1900 m above sea level (supermountain - above 1900 m - not indicated for patients),
- nautical,
- flat (ordinary and steppe).
The maritime climate acts on the body as a tonic and hardening factor. The peculiarities of the marine climate are rich insolation, constant humidity, as well as sharp daily temperature fluctuations.
Treatment by the sea is indicated for patients with various extrapulmonary localizations of tuberculosis, as well as for the majority of pulmonary patients with tuberculosis in the stage of reverse development.
The maritime climate is also indicated for children with tuberculosis infection, especially with frequent colds. But during primary tuberculosis infection, one should not forget about caution, since during this period immunity is not yet fully formed, therefore, during the first year after infection with tuberculosis, it is better to heal the child in local conditions.
The mountain climate is also characterized by rich insolation; it is characterized by pronounced ionization of the air, low (compared to the plain) atmospheric pressure, sharp daily temperature fluctuations and moderate winds, has a pronounced tonic effect on the body, has a beneficial effect on the nervous, circulatory and respiratory systems, as well as on metabolic processes.
Mountainous areas have a good effect on patients with tuberculosis outside the acute stage, with moderate severe symptoms intoxication. Patients with acute course tuberculosis process, especially with cardiovascular disorders, mountain climate is contraindicated.
The flat climate has a mild and even gentle effect on patients due to moderate insolation, relatively high atmospheric pressure, weakly expressed ionization.
Treatment in these conditions, which are familiar to patients, does not contribute to obtaining tonic and hardening effects. As a rule, it is used for after-treatment of various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Heliotherapy(solar healing) is also one of the components of climatotherapy. The presence of direct or diffuse sunlight is a strong irritant for the body.
As a rule, heliotherapy is used to treat extrapulmonary localizations of tuberculosis (osteoarticular, lymph nodes, skin).
The therapeutic effect of this method is provided by ultraviolet rays of the solar spectrum. Thanks to high intensity heliotherapy should be used only by an experienced doctor with strict monitoring of the radiation dose. In case of active pulmonary tuberculosis, sunbathing is absolutely contraindicated.
When performing heliotherapy, certain techniques must be followed. There is a scheme that provides for irradiation of only the front surfaces of the legs for 10 minutes on the first day.
On the second day, the entire front surface of the legs is irradiated, but the irradiation of the legs is already 20 minutes, and the thighs - 10. On the third day, the entire front surface of the body is irradiated, and the irradiation of the legs is already 30 minutes, the thighs - 20, and the abdomen, chest and arms - 10.
The next 3 days, irradiation is carried out in the same sequence. back surface bodies. Then they very gradually move on to sunbathing for the whole body, monitoring the appearance of any complaints and negative sensations in the patient.
Children and adolescents are allowed sunbathing only in the morning at an air temperature of 20-25° C after adaptation to aerotherapy.
Heliotherapy helps increase the body's natural resistance to tuberculosis.
Can also be used hydrotherapy(hydrotherapy) as an integral part of climate therapy, or in local and even home conditions as a hardening and training method for the body, increasing resistance not only to tuberculosis, but also to other respiratory infections.
At home or in a local sanatorium, you can use douches and other water procedures, which are first performed at a water temperature of 30-35 ° C (warm), followed by a gradual decrease (down to the temperature of tap water).
After water procedures, the skin should be rubbed with a rough terry towel. Water procedures performed daily have a tonic effect on the nervous system, improve well-being, sleep and appetite.
Sea bathing in climatic sanatoriums combines the healing effects of various natural factors - sea water, solar radiation and sea winds.
Koumiss therapy is currently one of unconventional methods treatment of tuberculosis. Previously, treatment with kumis was widespread. The fresh air of the steppes, good nutrition and kumiss were in great demand by the sick.
The healing factors of kumis treatment should be recognized as fresh steppe air, which in itself is necessary for patients with tuberculosis, as well as alcohol and lactic acid, complete protein and vitamins of mare's milk.
Besides, daily intake 3 to 5 liters of kumiss added 1500 to 2000 calories to the diet. At the present stage, there is a tendency towards the revival of kumiss therapy.
IN surgical department Sanatorium named after V.I. Lenin in Gulripsha, when preparing patients for surgery, along with antibacterial therapy according to generally accepted methods, climatic treatment methods are widely used. The most widely used method is dosed and round-the-clock stay of patients on verandas, air baths. The dosage of climatic procedures is based on the climatic regimes developed for the southern coastal sanatoriums by E. D. Petrov and adapted for a similar resort on the Black Sea coast by G. D. Meladze and Sh. V. Dzhgamadze.
results perennial Observations allow us to say with certainty that after rational complex treatment against the backdrop of the favorable climate of the Gulripsh resort, on average, in 2-3 months there is a significant improvement in the general condition, the main indicators of the functions of external respiration and gas exchange decrease.
Next powerful factor complex therapy for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with severe drug allergies is the use of an aerosol decoction of eucalyptus globulus.
Eucalyptus globulus decoction affects neurotropic components, promotes the processes of tissue resorption and regeneration.
The decoction of Eucalyptus globulus we use prepared at the rate of 15 grams of dry eucalyptus leaves per 100 g of water. The leaves are finely chopped with scissors and boiled slowly for 3-4 minutes. (preferably on a water tank). After this, the broth is filtered through gauze cloth. It can be stored for months in a hermetically sealed non-metallic container. The appearance of sediment at the bottom of the dish is not a sign that the broth is unsuitable. It must be shaken when using.
In order to resolve the issue of effectiveness inhalation aerosol in the complex treatment of patients to prevent or relieve allergic phenomena during antibacterial therapy, we analyzed the results of treatment of 42 patients treated in 1971-1973. V therapeutic departments with allergic phenomena without inhalation of eucalyptus decoction and 34 patients when prescribed the entire therapeutic complex with inhalation of eucalyptus decoction.
Treatment course for patients with 15% decoction eucalyptus the average was 30 sessions. Inhalations were given daily. 25 ml of decoction was consumed per patient in one session. Breathing was done through the mouth. All patients, with extremely rare exceptions, tolerated inhalation well. Of the 34 people, only 3 patients who had bronchitis with an asthmatic component had an increase in cough. Before decoction of eucalyptus, we began to prescribe to these patients the inhalation of a 5% ephedrine solution in an amount of 0.5 ml, as a result of which breathing became deep and calm.
IN further Considering that the mucous membrane of the entire respiratory tract system has a high and rapid ability to absorb aerosols, and also represents a massive interoreceptive field, we began to prescribe an aerosol of novocaine solution (0.5-1%) before inhaling eucalyptus in order to relieve cough, so as well as bronchospasms.
Patients, the degree of allergic reactions and phenomena in both groups was completely identical.
By improvement we consider cases when patients began to tolerate one of the main antibacterial drugs with a decrease in cough, amount of sputum, and improvement in general condition.
To groups " significant improvements» included patients in whom taking 2 or 3 antibacterial drugs did not cause allergic reactions with the disappearance of cough, sputum, and a decrease in the hypoxemic state of the body.
When conducting complex treatment without an aerosol of 15% eucalyptus decoction, 73% of patients did not experience significant changes in desensitization, while complex therapy using an aerosol of eucalyptus decoction resulted in relief allergic signs in 67.5% of cases of patients.
Anyone can become infected and develop tuberculosis, regardless of what rung of the social ladder they are on. The main source of infection is a sick person who secretes tuberculosis microbacteria. can enter the body through the respiratory and digestive tract, sometimes through lesions on the skin.
Basic Rules
The patient must follow certain rules of behavior. First, he should know not to cough up phlegm from his lungs into the toilet. The causative agents of the disease are very tenacious and do not die during the treatment of domestic wastewater. You should also not wash dishes from which the sick person has eaten. It must first be boiled for half an hour in a separate pan, and only then washed in the sink and placed separately in a cabinet.
You also need to be careful about the patient’s leftover food. They should not be fed to animals or thrown into trash cans without additional heat treatment. Most microbacteria of the disease enter the environment along with saliva and when coughing up sputum.
Therefore, the patient must collect them in a special jar with a lid, keeping it with him at all times. The rules discussed concern the safety of others, but what should a patient not do so as not to harm himself? Let's try to figure out how to live with this disease.
Nutrition
When compiling diet menu For patients with tuberculosis, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of this disease. Since protein breakdown in such an organism is increased, it is necessary to strictly observe daily norm its consumption.
Fats should be easily digestible, two-thirds of vegetable origin. It is advisable to use in cooking:
- butter;
- sour cream;
- cream.
You can't eat too fatty foods. Prohibited:
- beef (mutton) or cooking fat;
- confectionery with cream;
- fatty fish or poultry.
Due to the disease, as a rule, a deficiency of vitamins develops, primarily A and C. Ascorbic acid increases bactericidal properties in the blood and helps fight the disease.
Therefore, it is very important that the patient’s diet is varied, high in calories, containing a sufficient amount of vitamins, mineral salts, protein and fat. However, if the patient is overweight, some restrictions on carbohydrate consumption may be prescribed.
But moreover, it is strictly prohibited:
- follow various diets;
- starve;
- fast.
Prohibited foods for tuberculosis include alcoholic beverages. It is especially harmful to take them during chemotherapy. Both alcohol and anti-tuberculosis drugs are broken down in the liver. Their simultaneous use will create an unbearable load on this organ, as a result of which a hepatotoxic reaction may occur, and treatment will have to be discontinued.
Sport
When the disease recedes a little, many patients begin to ask whether it is possible to play sports in their position. People who are accustomed to an active lifestyle find it difficult to come to terms with forced inactivity.
Light physical exercise has a beneficial effect on the recovery of the body, but when it comes to heavy sports activities, the answer from doctors is always the same - you should avoid it until complete recovery.
Restoring the body and its fight against Koch's bacillus requires effort and energy, and when playing sports, as you know, a lot of calories are consumed.
Therefore, energy must be conserved and directed towards the main task - victory over tuberculosis. To keep muscles toned, such patients are recommended:
- walk more;
- taking walks in the morning and evening;
- do exercises;
- attend physical therapy classes.
A patient who regularly engages in special pulmonary exercises significantly strengthens the respiratory muscles, normalizes the functioning of the inhalation-exhalation mechanisms, and increases the mobility of the chest.
Bath (sauna)
Despite the popular belief that taking a steam bath in a bathhouse will cure a hundred ailments, this rule does not apply to tuberculosis patients. Water-steam procedures and heat are not just undesirable, but categorically contraindicated for this disease. Otherwise, the patient’s condition can become very complicated and lead to irreversible consequences.
A patient with tuberculosis can afford such pleasure only after complete recovery, after two or three years, not earlier.
Until then, even if the disease is not in active form, you should not go to the bathhouse. Rehabilitation after tuberculosis is a long process that requires maximum caution and vigilance from the patient.
Summer rest
Separately, it is worth mentioning the rules of summer holidays for tuberculosis patients. If they undergo a course of treatment and have positive dynamics, they can swim in the sea. But at the same time, everything should be done carefully, gradually accustoming the body to new conditions. As a rule, it takes only 4-5 days for the body to get used to new climatic conditions. And only after its adaptation can you begin water procedures in natural reservoirs.
You can start if there are two favorable factors. Temperature environment, both water and air, should not be below 20 degrees. Over time, when the patient’s body gets stronger and gets used to new conditions, it will be possible to take colder water (and air) baths.
First of all, one should not forget that a patient with tuberculosis can only swim if his general health is good, there is no weakness or weakness. At the first signs of fatigue or other deterioration of your condition, you should stop swimming.
The duration of the procedures is determined:
- water and air temperature;
- the patient's condition.
Coming ashore, the patient should dry himself with a towel and do several warming exercises. If you experience increased fatigue, deterioration of appetite and general condition of the body, you need to postpone water procedures for a while and consult a doctor.
In the presence of residual phenomena, the maritime climate is undoubtedly . Holidays on the Crimean coast with pine forests will be an excellent prevention of complications of this dangerous disease and will help restore the patient’s body.
With active tuberculosis, especially if hemoptysis is present, bathing the patient in an open body of water is unacceptable.
Is it possible to sunbathe with tuberculosis? This question worries a lot of people. Summer is the time for vacations and holidays. You need to go somewhere, relax, gain strength and health for the entire subsequent period of cold weather and lack of natural, rich in vitamins food.
For a long time it was believed that the sun's rays have healing effect, and a bronze tan is useful for everyone, without exception. But that's not true. There are quite a lot of diseases for which you should not sunbathe, including pulmonary tuberculosis.
As a rule, tuberculosis patients are sent for rehabilitation to resort and sanatorium areas with a sunny, hot climate. From this it was concluded that sunbathing during tuberculosis is possible and beneficial.
It has not yet been scientifically proven whether the sun's rays are harmful or not for people with this disease. But most practitioners medical workers believe that in case of pulmonary tuberculosis it is necessary to avoid long stay under the hot rays of the sun. Otherwise, this may provoke an outbreak of infection and significantly slow down the healing process.
While being under the summer sun, the body heats up, and favorable conditions are created for the activation of Koch's wand, which loves a moist, warm environment and reproduces well at temperatures from 30 to 40 degrees, which is why such conditions should be avoided.
Tuberculosis germs can remain unnoticed in the human body for a very long time without causing illness. And under unfavorable conditions, domestic or weather, as well as when the body’s resistance is weakened, reinfection, that is, re-infection, can occur.
After tuberculosis, you still need to behave as carefully as possible so as not to provoke its reappearance.
Climatic resorts treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
A significant network has been deployed in our country sanatorium institutions in different geographical and climatic conditions for treating patients of all ages with various localizations and clinical forms pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
The largest number of these institutions are local sanatoriums, located in almost all regions, territories and republics. These sanatoriums are located in favorable conditions, often in forested areas, and are characterized by clean air, without sudden temperature fluctuations, protected from strong winds and excessive insolation. Climatic factors of forest, especially coniferous areas have a beneficial effect on the general condition of the patient, his autonomic nervous system, improve appetite and sleep. Local sanatoriums have their advantages in that they are indicated for most patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and do not require the body to adapt to other unusual climatic conditions and are not associated with long trips to resorts remote from the patient’s place of residence. Local sanatoriums operate throughout the year and are used for modern long-term treatment in various seasons of the year.
Naturally, for middle zone, Urals and Siberia, the most favorable months for tuberculosis patients are the summer and winter months, when stable weather factors make it possible to better organize the use of climatic conditions in the complex treatment of tuberculosis patients. All patients with fresh forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, without destruction and with destruction, when at the previous stage (in the hospital) complex antibacterial treatment symptoms of intoxication have been relieved, resorption has been achieved, and there has been a tendency to reduce the progression of the tuberculosis process.
For the majority of newly identified patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, regardless of the prevalence and phase of the process, staying in a sanatorium is the second stage in their treatment. However, in sanatoriums where the sanatorium-hygienic regime is well organized with extensive use of natural factors, 24-hour stay on the verandas, balanced diet, physiotherapy, labor processes and qualified medical care, it is possible to refer patients with active form of tuberculosis, bypassing the first stage of hospital treatment.
Treatment in local sanatoriums is indicated for patients with cavernous tuberculosis outside the acute phase for the purpose of healing the cavity or preparing the patient for surgery (for a period of 4-6 months), as well as for patients with fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis without progression for a long course of chemotherapy, prevention of exacerbation and as preoperative preparation (within 3-8 months). Prevention of relapse is also indicated for persons who were under the supervision of a dispensary for active tuberculosis and in whom, as a result of treatment, it was possible to achieve a clinical cure (i.e., transfer to the inactive group), but with the presence of pronounced residual tuberculous changes (during the first two years after completion of the main course of treatment). Persons with newly discovered inactive changes in the lungs (X-ray positive), who were not registered at the dispensary, should not be sent to sanatoriums. To prevent exacerbation, patients with pulmonary cirrhosis of tuberculous etiology can be sent to local sanatoriums in the absence of signs of pulmonary heart failure (II - III degrees), but for a limited period of time - 1% - 2 months. For exudative pleurisy of tuberculous etiology in the resorption phase and in the presence of residual changes after exudative pleurisy (if the disease is no more than one year old), a sanatorium course of treatment is carried out for 2-4 months. Patients after effective surgical interventions(resection and collapse surgery) during the first 2-3 years after surgery are also indicated for treatment in local sanatoriums in order to consolidate the results obtained and prevent relapses (for a period of 2-3 months).
With regard to extrapulmonary localizations, it should be noted that patients with tuberculous mesadenitis and peritonitis in the resorption phase and convalescents after tuberculous meningitis as a result long-term treatment in hospitals they can also be sent to local sanatoriums with an individual stay of 2-6 months.
Resort treatment is contraindicated: a) for acute forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (such as acute miliary tuberculosis, extensive infiltrative-pneumonic and hematogenously disseminated processes, caseous pneumonia and other forms prone to rapid progression and decay); b) with effusion pleurisy in the acute phase; c) with frequently recurring hemoptysis; d) with complicated forms of pulmonary tuberculosis with damage to bones and joints, genitourinary organs, skin, etc. Such patients are subject to treatment in tuberculosis hospitals.
Climatic seaside resorts of the southern coast of Crimea and the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea for the treatment of tuberculosis.
For these resorts, located in particularly favorable conditions for the treatment of patients tuberculosis conditions, the following general climatic features are characteristic: uniformity and small annual and daily temperature amplitude, relative low humidity on the southern coast of Crimea, warm winter and sunny autumn (warmer than spring), abundance sunny days even in the winter months, the presence of breezes, keeping in the air sea salts. The beauty of nature is of great importance, which has a beneficial effect on patients.
The climatic conditions of mid-mountain regions (400-700 m above sea level) differ from the climatic stations of the coastal zone, i.e. the average temperature in winter is about 0°, the winter is humid, there is often fog, there is less wind, the summer is not hot and is well tolerated by tuberculosis patients.
The Caucasian coast of the Black Sea is characterized by smaller annual and daily temperature fluctuations than on the southern coast of Crimea, an abundance of precipitation, higher humidity in the summer season, warmer winters, relatively low windiness throughout the year, and the rarity of cold winds breaking through. The northern part of the Caucasian coast (Kabardinka, Gelendzhik region, etc.) is approaching in its climatic conditions the southern coast of Crimea.
The peculiarities of climatic conditions in different coastal zones should be taken into account when selecting patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis when sending them to the most favorable time of year for them. The widespread use of antibacterial drugs is very important for clarifying and expanding the indications for treatment at seaside resorts for patients with fibrous-cavernous and disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis with disintegration in the summer season.
The sanatoriums of the Southern Coast of Crimea are specialized for the treatment of children, adolescents and adults with various forms and localizations of tuberculosis.
There are sanatoriums for the treatment of patients with osteoarticular tuberculosis (in the Alupka area), sanatoriums for adolescents suffering from pulmonary forms, lymphadenitis (Pioneer sanatorium in Simeiz), sanatorium for children 7-14 years old (Moscow sanatorium in Simeiz). For patients with genitourinary tuberculosis, sanatoriums have been organized in Alupka and other places. The Dolossy sanatorium has a department for tuberculosis patients and diabetics. To provide patients with surgical care, special departments have been allocated in sanatoriums located in Simeiz, Yalta, etc.
IN last years Attention is paid to the organization of treatment in the sanatoriums of the Southern Coast of Crimea for patients with metatuberculous changes - tuberculous bronchitis, pneumosclerosis, bronchiectasis, as well as for patients with pronounced residual changes in the lungs after clinical cure according to the place of residence (metatuberculous cirrhosis, large focal formations, etc.).
1395 rub
Electronic muscle stimulator Bradex "Electrotrainer"
When using the Bradex "Electric Trainer" muscle stimulator, you simultaneously train the upper, middle and lower parts of the rectus abdominis, oblique abdominal muscles, lower back muscles and muscles that form the waist. The uniqueness of the “Electrotrainer” lies in the fact that contraction occurs not only of the muscles directly adjacent to the electrodes, but of all muscles included in a given muscle group. A forty-minute session with a myostimulator replaces an hour and a half workout in gym.
The ability to regulate modes allows you to control the process of the “Electric Trainer”.
The myostimulator is made in the form of a belt, secured with Velcro.
1. Training programs:
The device has 4 training programs, in which as the number increases, the duration of the muscle contraction phase increases:
Program 1: preparatory (20 minutes) - automatically repeated 3 times before moving on to program 2.
Program 2: initial (25 minutes) - automatically repeats 10 times before moving on to program 3.
Program 3: intermediate (30 minutes) - automatically repeated 20 times before moving on to program 4.
Program 4: for those prepared (30 minutes) - repeats unlimitedly.
The myostimulator-belt automatically moves to the next program after a specified number of repetitions of training at the current level. For example, when you turn on the device for the first time, it will perform training program 1. Then, after three repetitions of this program, it will automatically switch to program 2, etc. With each such transition, a symbol appears on the display, and the current and next program numbers flash three times.
Each of the four programs contains “warm-up” and “relaxation” segments: the “warm-up” segment prepares the muscles for training; the “relaxing” segment completes it.
2. Maximum Intensity Level: Special symbols temporarily appear each time you exceed your previously reached maximum intensity level.
3. Overlay status indicator:
The appearance of a flashing symbol on the device display and the formation of a long sound signal by the device notifies that the parameters of the overlays are outside the limits permissible norm.
4. Output button reference information:Fig. a.
The myostimulator-belt stores in its memory information about the parameters of the current and previous workouts. You can access this information by pressing the "i" button at any time during your workout. Three seconds after pressing the button, the display returns to showing the program timer.
1. Current intensity level (Fig. a) - pressing the button once displays information about the intensity value in the current program.
2. Average level intensity (Fig. b) - pressing the button twice shows the average intensity for the right and left channels for the last 3 workouts.
3. Maximum intensity level (Fig. c) - pressing the button three times shows the maximum intensity level for all completed workouts.
4. Number of completed workouts (Fig. d) - pressing the button four times displays information about the total number of completed workouts.
The kit includes a myostimulator with a control panel, 3 hypoallergenic adhesive electrode pads, thanks to which impulses are evenly transmitted over the entire surface of the skin, eliminating any discomfort, additional belt, bag-case for storing and transporting the device. Characteristics:
Powered by 3 1.5V AAA batteries (included).
3441 rub
Laica Manicure and pedicure set with 11 attachments SA5440
A set for the treatment and care of fingernails and toenails from the Italian company LAICA.
Effectively removes any calluses and rough skin, allowing you to perform a professional manicure and pedicure at home! High quality attachments, stylish design and convenient storage bag make this device as convenient, safe and very durable as possible. Now you don’t have to spend a lot of time and money visiting salons, because you can get a manicure or pedicure at home at any time.
Features of the manicure and pedicure set:
Various abrasive attachments for best results!
1. Holder for abrasive cylinders (d = 6.5) - for grinding leather (the kit includes three types of cylinders - for coarse, medium and fine processing, 3 pieces of each type).
4. Large conical nozzle (d = 4) - for treating dead skin and removing calluses.
5. Small oval nozzle (d = 2.5) - for treating dead skin and removing cuticles.
6. Medium oval nozzle (d = 4) - for treating dead skin.
7. Large oval nozzle (d = 6) - for treating keratinized skin on large surfaces.
8. Small disk attachment (d = 8) - for correcting the shape of fingernails.
9. Large disc attachment (d = 20) - for correcting the shape of toenails.
Equipment:
1. Abrasive cylinder holder.
2. Three types of abrasive cylinders - for coarse, medium and fine processing, 3 pcs. each type.
3. Cylindrical nozzle.
4. Small cone nozzle.
5. Large cone nozzle.
6. Small oval nozzle.
7. Medium oval nozzle.
8. Large oval nozzle.
9. Small disc nozzle.
10. Large disc nozzle,
eleven . Micromotor
12. Network adapter.
Minimum speed 3000-4000 rpm
Average speed 5000-6000 rpm
Maximum speed 7000-10000 rpm
4990 rub
Darsonval Gess "Super Nova", 4 nozzles
A modern, stylish and easy-to-use device for darsonvalization. Therapeutic effect is achieved through exposure to pulsed alternating current of high frequency. You will feel how the overall condition of the skin improves significantly in an average of 10-12 procedures. Darsonvalization activates biochemical metabolic processes in the skin and subcutaneous layers, normalizes blood microcirculation, provides an analgesic and pronounced bactericidal effect. The use of darsonval is indicated for the treatment of aging and problematic skin, cellulite, varicose veins and to improve hair growth.
However, its scope of application is not limited to cosmetic effects: Super Nova is also used to relieve pain, treat neuralgic diseases, resolve hematomas and accelerate wound healing. General darsonvalization promotes cerebral vascular tone, eliminates headaches, normalizes sleep and increases performance.
3990 rub
Skin cleansing set Touchbeauty AS-0525A, color: white, light green
Universal set for facial cleansing and massage Touchbeauty AS-0525A with replaceable attachments for deep cleansing face will almost instantly give your skin a radiant and healthy looking. The device perfectly cleanses of dead particles and impurities, provides a light massage, making the skin elastic and toning.
A soft sponge will remove makeup, an ultra-soft synthetic brush will remove dirt from pores, and a silicone brush will gently cleanse sensitive skin. Two operating speeds will help you gently or deeply cleanse your face, as you choose. A compact case is included for storing and transporting the device and attachments.
879 rub
Small desktop magnifying glass 3X + additional 12X with backlight, white REXANT is designed for visual magnification of various small objects or their fragments. It is used in cosmetology, in tattoo parlors, in jewelry and radio installation work, in watch repair, in biology and medicine, in sewing and embroidery, for organizing the work of people with poor vision, as well as for other work where additional magnification and illumination of the working field is required. Such optical system consists of a lens, a housing and a shadowless backlight.
MAIN ADVANTAGES:
1. The lens is made of glass. Provides the clearest image with minimal distortion;
2. Shadowless all-round illumination of the object. Possible to work in conditions where there is no external lighting;
3. Comfortable ergonomic body will provide good stability on the surface;
4. Energy saving. Consumes 12W in operating condition;
5. Built-in electronic control unit, thanks to which the lamp emits even light without flickering;
6. Hinged protective lens cover. Protects the lens from damage and dust;
7. A 3x magnification lens has a 12x magnification area. This will allow you to examine a fragment of the object in detail.
SPECIFICATIONS:
- lens size: 90mm;
- optical power lenses: 3+12 diopters - 3D+12 (magnification 1.75 times + 7 times);
- light source: fluorescent ring lamp;
- backlight power consumption: 12W;
- body color: white;...
1790 rub
Vibrating massager Planka Energy Beauty Bar for the face with a lifting effect for a short time will eliminate all wrinkles, tighten the oval of the face, and restore youth to your skin.
It is a new generation vibrating device plated with 24K pure gold. Microvibration is 6000 times per minute, providing the necessary amount of stimulation to the facial muscles to tighten them until the desired effect is achieved. Just 2-3 minutes a day and your face will shine with health and freshness again. You will actively look younger every day, because the device: will actively tighten the skin; give a clear oval; smooth out any wrinkles - from facial wrinkles to deep wrinkles on the forehead, crow's feet and nasolabial folds; daily restore color and tone, smooth out and remove inflammation.
591 rub