What day is a gynecological ultrasound performed? Ultrasound after menstruation – when to do it, why there are restrictions. Pain after gastroscopy

1 Do we need to prepare for such a study?

– It depends on what needs to be checked. For example, before a liver ultrasound, doctors advise giving up food that increases gas formation for 2-3 days - from white bread, milk, cabbage, carbonated drinks, any raw vegetables, citrus fruits, grapes, beans and peas. An ultrasound scan of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen is performed strictly on an empty stomach - at least 8 hours must pass from last appointment food. To get a better look at the uterus and appendages, women undergo an ultrasound scan of a full bladder - for this you need to drink about 1.5 liters of liquid in about an hour. A full bladder is also needed to examine the bladder itself. To ultrasound of the kidneys, thyroid gland, lymph nodes, joints and blood vessels do not need to be prepared.

2 What cannot be seen on an ultrasound?

– Ultrasound does not examine hollow organs – the intestines and stomach. That is, it is technically possible to check them in this way, but the study will not be informative - the doctor will only be able to see the walls and large tumors, gastroptosis (prolapse of the stomach). The intestines are checked using colonoscopy, the stomach - gastroscopy, these studies are not pleasant, but, unfortunately, it is impossible to replace them with a “harmless” ultrasound. Not examined using ultrasound bone structures– for example, the spine, for this there are x-rays, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

3 Is it possible to detect breast or lung cancer this way?

– The lungs are a hollow organ, so ultrasound in this case will be of little information. But formations in the chest, even the smallest ones, can be seen on an ultrasound. That is why it is recommended that women, even if there are no complaints, undergo an ultrasound scan every 2 years until age 35, and every year after age 40 (plus mammography). It is best to do an ultrasound of the mammary glands immediately after critical days, that is, on the 6th–9th day menstrual cycle.

4 Is it possible to brush your teeth, smoke, drink water and take medications before an ultrasound?

– Brushing your teeth is fine, unless, of course, you have the habit of swallowing toothpaste. You can also drink water. Diabetics are even allowed tea and a piece of dried bread. But it is better to hold off on smoking if you are planning an ultrasound of the abdominal organs, in particular the gallbladder. The doctor must decide about medications in each specific case: for example, there is no need to cancel thyroid hormones before examining the thyroid gland itself or antihypertensive drugs before echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) or vascular examination. And sometimes medications become part of the preparation for an ultrasound - if a person has a tendency to increased gas
formation in the intestines, in addition to diet, he is also prescribed adsorbents.

5 How many times can you go for an ultrasound?

– As much as you need, as much as you can. This is a common question for pregnant women: usually ultrasounds are performed 4 times during the entire pregnancy, but sometimes it is necessary much more often. Doctors reassure: there can be no terrible “irradiation” from the sensor, this is not an x-ray, and a regular obstetric ultrasound will not harm either the mother or the child. On the contrary, this is the only test with which you can see the details of the structure of the fetus, and if there are problems, identify them as early as possible.

6 At what age are children allowed to undergo ultrasound diagnostics?

– From the first days of life, and if you take into account obstetric ultrasounds, even before birth. It doesn't hurt - just a little ticklish, it's not scary, it's not dangerous, and if the doctor has the talent of Mary Poppins, it can be funny.

7 Can a diagnosis made using ultrasound be a mistake?

– Quite, and it’s not that uncommon. It all depends on the qualifications of the doctor who does the ultrasound, on the machine, on whether you are well prepared (for example, if there is a lot of gas in the intestines, this can distort the picture), even on your weight. The doctor may see something that is not there, or not see something that is already there, due to its small size. Sometimes it happens that a kidney stone detected by ultrasound upon repeated examination turns out to be a stone in the gall bladder. The doctor may see a mass formation, for example in the ovary, but cannot say exactly what he found. Ultrasound results are serious information for the doctor, but not yet a definitive diagnosis.

Ultrasound after menstruation is performed to diagnose pathologies in the pelvic organs, to determine the structure, shape, position of the uterus, the condition of the ovaries, appendages and other organs genitourinary system. There are no contraindications to the use of the diagnostic method, however, there is a day limit monthly cycle. On what day after menstruation should an ultrasound examination be done to get the most accurate diagnosis? The first ultrasound is performed on any day of the menstrual cycle, except menstruation. Subsequent gynecological examination It is recommended to carry out on the 5th day of the cycle after the end of menstruation, or on the 7th day from the beginning of menstruation. Experts recommend doing an ultrasound of the reproductive system no later than the 10th day of the monthly cycle. What is the reason for the restrictions?

Ultrasound examination of the uterus is carried out to prevent gynecological diseases associated with endometrial disorders, if pathology in the genital organ is suspected.

Indications for ultrasound are:

menstrual irregularities;
absence of menstruation for a long time;
infertility;
menopause;
heavy menstruation;
the appearance of blood between periods;
Availability pain lower abdomen.

As a result of the examination, specialists identify:

Gynecological diagnosis is carried out using several types ultrasound examination.

Reasons for limitation

Experts prescribe an ultrasound of the uterus in the first phase of the menstrual cycle. The reason is banal. During this period, the layer of endometrium that covers inner part the uterus is as thin as possible. You can clearly view the condition of the organ, note the pathology, and establish the trend of endometrial development. In the second phase of the cycle, the endometrial layer of the uterus reaches an impressive thickness. It is simply impossible to examine a cyst or other neoplasms, since they are hidden behind the endometrial layer.

The second reason for gynecological ultrasound on certain days of the cycle is egg maturation. A follicle in the form of a cyst forms on one of the ovaries. Reaches 3 cm in size. This is normal natural process, which is not a pathology. But this may also hide health problems. Since it is difficult to distinguish a pathological cyst from normal maturation of the egg in the follicle. After menstruation, the natural cyst disappears, but the pathological one remains. Therefore, it is very easy to diagnose it at the beginning of the next cycle.

The indication for a gynecological ultrasound in the middle of the cycle, at the end is to monitor the maturation of the egg, ovulation, in order to identify the causes of infertility and problems with conception.

Kinds

Diagnosis of the uterus and other genital organs is carried out in 3 ways, selected based on the age, indication, and condition of the woman.

Transabdominal external scanning

Gynecological ultrasound, which every woman has to undergo throughout her life. Used for general gynecological examination. Ultrasound does not require special preparation. But in some cases, experts insist on filling the bladder. The study is carried out according to standard requirements on the 5th day of the cycle after the end of menstruation, on the 7th day after the start of menstruation. Helps identify pathologies and diagnose pregnancy. IN special cases They do an external ultrasound during menstruation to find out the reasons heavy discharge. The specialist uses a special lubricant that is applied to the lower abdominal cavity. Using the sensor, it receives an image on the monitor screen. Do ultrasonography necessary on days 5–7 of the cycle.

Transvaginal internal scanning

It is an indispensable method for identifying pathologies and diseases. The specialist inserts the sensor into the vagina. Painful sensations the woman does not experience it, but there is a feeling of discomfort. The transvaginal sensor is located in close proximity to the uterus, ovaries, and other genital organs, allowing you to obtain a clear image on the screen. Internal ultrasound is performed by specialists to identify early pregnancy when other methods do not allow us to consider its presence. It is recommended to do an ultrasound examination on days 5–7 of the cycle. Transvaginal scanning is not performed on virgins, women with uterine bleeding, heavy periods.

Transrectal scanning

This examination method is performed extremely rarely when it is impossible to conduct a transvaginal examination. The specialist inserts a special sensor into the rectum. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and uterus is done on any day of the cycle according to indications.

To carry out a clear diagnosis, a specialist may recommend other examination methods: hysterography, Dopplerography.

Hysterography

Diagnosis is based on the administration of a special substance into the vagina. Then a regular external ultrasound is performed. An examination is recommended if there is a suspicion of cancerous tumor, uterine fibroids.

Dopplerography

The diagnostic method allows you to determine the speed of blood flow in the vessels and the direction of cell movement. Doppler ultrasound gives a clear picture of blood flow to the pelvic organs. The specialist clearly sees the condition of the endometrium, pathological changes in the uterus and other components of the reproductive system. It is carried out in parallel with a gynecological ultrasound.

Preparatory activities

Diagnosis using ultrasound does not require any special preparatory measures. But some actions can improve the quality of the picture on the monitor screen, which will make diagnosis easier.

3 days before the date of the ultrasound examination, it is recommended to exclude from the diet foods that cause increased gas formation. A swollen intestine is an obstacle to a full diagnosis during external examination of the uterus and other genital organs.
If you can't sit down special diet, in order to put the intestines in order, drink 3 tablets 2 days before the ultrasound diagnostics activated carbon per day, or take Espumisan according to the instructions.
On the eve of the diagnosis, you should cleanse your intestines - go to the toilet. If you have to do a rectal ultrasound diagnostics, you need to do an enema.
External ultrasound examination must be done with full bladder. It is necessary to drink tea, coffee half an hour before the diagnosis, mineral water. Such drinks are diuretic and will quickly fill the bladder. If transvaginal diagnostics are to be done, the bladder, on the contrary, should be empty. Before performing an ultrasound examination, simply carry out the washing procedure.

There is no need to do any other preparatory procedures. The entire diagnostic procedure takes from 5 minutes to half an hour. During the process, pictures are taken, the computer provides information about possible pathologies uterus, endometrium, other organs of the reproductive system, etc. After diagnosis, no measures need to be taken.

The basic rule of a full-fledged study is a specific day of the cycle, a correctly selected method. The rest depends on the qualifications of the doctor and the quality of the equipment. If health problems arise, you should not wait until the appropriate day of the cycle arrives; you must immediately go to an appointment with a gynecologist. All further actions will be controlled by the doctor.

2010-04-11 14:15:41

Alina asks:

Hello!
I'm 18 days late. I took 4 tests - all negative. There is no nausea, just a constant pull in the lower abdomen and frequent urge to urination. Is there a chance that I am pregnant? When can you do an ultrasound?

Answers:

Hello Alina!
Pregnancy is unlikely, test results indicate this, rather symptoms which you mention indicate the presence of an inflammatory process. You need to immediately visit a gynecologist who will make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment; an ultrasound will also not be superfluous. You can learn about the most common reasons for delayed periods from the feature article on our portal Delayed periods. An accessible guide to action. Do not delay your visit to a specialist and take care of your health!

2012-11-16 17:52:52

Olya asks:

25 days ago the right tube and foul were removed. left ovarian cyst. I did an ultrasound, which showed an enlarged uterus 55*48*52mm, endometrium 9mm with an area of increased echogenicity 11*5mm in color flow mode with blood flow from the posterior wall, on the anterior wall of the uterus there is a sub-scar with linear (hyperechoic-?) inclusions, menstruation still no. There was a cesarean section in 2006 - what kind of inclusions on the scar? On the left, the ovary is 33 * 22 * 24 with calcifications in the stroma (the ultrasound specialist says that this has not yet gone away after the operation - and there is no need to worry), on the right 49 * 30 * 33 mm with homogeneous liquid contents d25*21 mm. Seal: falc. formation in the right ovary and signs of an endometrial polyp. Questions - 1) when can you do hysteroscopy (after what period of time after the operation)?, 2) do you need to take hormonal drugs? (there were no prescriptions after the operation). 3) An enlarged uterus is normal ?sometimes I feel a quick shooting pain in the area of the uterus - is this due to a polyp? I took blood and urine tests and the gynecologist said everything was normal, only hemoglobin needs to be increased (and she said that ESR was also increased after surgery. This is normal.)

Answers Wild Nadezhda Ivanovna:

Hysteroscopy is best performed in the middle of the MC; the polyp must be removed. Along the course of the scar, there may be endometriosis, hyteroscopy will confirm or refute the guesses. After hysteroscopy, it is necessary to take medications with therapeutic purpose. Based on the measurements you wrote, the size of the uterus is normal. After menstruation, ultrasound monitoring is necessary.

2012-05-17 08:57:12

Elena asks:

Good afternoon I often have teachings in my stomach, most often in the morning. I used to suffer from constipation, and in recent months I have had mushy stools in the mornings (only once a day). It starts to rumble especially when I'm nervous. I did an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity - everything was normal, indirect signs gastrodoudenitis. Tell me what to do? How can you get rid of this?

Answers Lukashevich Ilona Viktorovna:

Dear Elena, first of all it is necessary to exclude organic disease colon, for this it is necessary to first appear face-to-face consultation to a proctologist with a mandatory examination of the rectum, then, on the recommendation of the proctologist, perform one of the studies of the colon - colonoscopy or irrigography; if problems with the colon are ruled out, the proctologist will prescribe treatment for irritable bowel syndrome.

2012-05-09 07:56:30

Yanina asks:

Hello, Doctor! I am 40 years old. In 1988 (at the age of 17) splenectomy for hereditary microspherocytosis (Minkovsky-Choffar disease. Now the immunologist diagnoses a violation of the TT-/TT+ ratio (increased) and lowered Erok-Tert-x, the indicators of the phagocytosis system are at lower limit. VIS with insufficiency of the T-cell and phagocytic link im-ta. Thyroid hormones are normal, nodes in the thyroid gland (3 nodes, one up to 3 cm) thyroid cytology is normal, conclusion: nodular goiter, observation. ENT: chronic pharyngotonsillitis, beyond exacerbation, infection with Epstein-Barr virus. In a smear (from the oral cavity) - Staphylococcus aureus-5+10 5. Cytology of HPV with dyskeratosis. flora - scant, diplococci. In anal blood from 09.11.11 - eosinophilic cationic protein -7 (0.00-24.00) Antibodies to the EBV virus IgM - not detected, antibodies to the EBV virus IgG-positive-187 (0.00-15.99) Was treated by an ENT specialist, took Reaferon-ES-Lipint regimen, gargled with an antibiotic, Lysobact, UFO throat tube, Staphyloc bacteriophage. It seems to have gotten better. After 2 weeks it all started again, I didn’t seem to have caught a cold anywhere, I didn’t drink anything cold. Doctor, my immunity is probably reduced due to the fact that I don’t have a spleen. Ultrasound - thyroid nodes, biopsy of nodes - colloid, nodular goiter, euthyroidism. Ultrasound of the neck lymph nodes - reactive lymphadenopathy. On March 19, 2012, I took an immunogram: total count. leukocytes - 8.8, er. - 4.6, HB - 133%, color. 28, lymphocytes -40 (19-37), abs indicator -3.52 (1.2-3.0), T-lymphocytes (E-ROK) -58 (55-70) abs. pok. 2.04 (1.34-470), theophylline test control -58, theophylline-resistant T cells-55 (50-70), theophylline sensitive T cells-3 (8-17), Tt-/Tt+ ratio - 18.3(3-5), Tertostab. E-ROK (30 in 1) - 34 (23-43) abs showing - 1.19 (048-1.04), Erok early (active) - 48 (45-50) abs showing. 1.68 (1.09-1.22). T-active. sensory cells 1 dose-57. B-lymphocytes (Em-ROK)11 (8-13) abs. show 0.38 (0.19-0.32). Q-cells-31 (16-40) abs. pok. 1.09 (0.39-0.97). PHAGOCYTOSIS: phagoc. neutrophil activity (BER) percentage of phagocytosis - 42% (41-62), phagocyte number - 0.84% (0.82-1.12), phagocytic index - 2.0 (1.52-1.96). HUMORAL IMMUNITY: level of immunoglobulins (g/l) G-15.28 (12-16), A-2.12 (2.0-2.8), M-1.16 (1.0-1.6) . soe-7 (2-15), ERIT-4.32 (3.90-4.70), hemoglobin-129 (120-140), hematocrit-35.1 (36.0-42.0), avg. erythrocyte volume - 81.3 (80-100), color. indicator - 29.9 (27-33), average concentration of NV in erythrocytes - 368 (300-380), platelets - 395 (180-320), anisocytosis marker (fL) - 36.9 (37-54), anisocytosis marker in % -12.9 911.5-14.5), platelet size distribution (fL) -12.9 (9-17), average platelet volume -10.9 (9-13) thrombocrit -0, 43 (0.17-0.35), neutrophils - 56.3 (48-78), lymphocytes - 34.7 (19-37), monocytes - 8.0 (3-11), eosinophils - 0.4 ( 1.0-5.0), basophils-0.6(0.0-1.0) General blood test dated November 3, 2012 (manual counting): basophils-1 (0-1), eosinophils -2 (1 -5), myelocytes-0 (0-0), young-0 (0-0), band-2(1-6), segmented-49 (47-72), lymphocytes -40 (19-37), monocytes -5 plasma.cl-ka1, anisocytosis+(3-11). I read on the Internet that after splenectomy vaccination is necessary in order not to get sepsis, pneumonia... What vaccine should I get, when can it be done? What is my immunogram? Thank you

Answers Medical consultant of the website portal:

Good afternoon, Yanina. Your general blood counts are normal, in the last immunogram there is an increase in Tt-/Tt+- and the phagocytic index is slightly higher than the norm you indicated. So, of course, there are problems with immunity, there are probably some autoimmune processes, and nodes in the thyroid gland are also associated with this. The majority of the world's population is infected with the EBV virus and is its carrier. In itself, carriage of these viruses is not dangerous, does not cause harm, and does not require treatment. Treatment may only be required if activated. Personally, I don’t see any particular reason for vaccination. Of course, you can be vaccinated annually against the flu, vaccinated with the staphylococcal vaccine, against childhood infections, if you have not had them before, if you want. But a specific, substantive conversation needs to be had in person with your doctor. Be healthy!

2009-10-15 20:45:53

Evenia asks:

Hello!!! My husband and I are planning a second child. The first one is 10 years old. I measure BT throughout the cycle. Your period started on 09/12/09 Judging by the BT, then ovulation was at 15 DC... Today it’s already 19 DPO (4 days late), the tests are negative (or show very weak stripes, but not all and not always), the BT remains at 37- 37.1 degrees. We don’t do hCG. Is pregnancy possible with negative tests and when can an ultrasound be done (but not vaginally)? Thanks in advance for your answer. I really need him...

Answers Bystrov Leonid Alexandrovich:

Hello, Evgenia! It is in such doubtful cases that a vaginal ultrasound is necessary; it is performed after 21 days, after ovulation. With an abdominal ultrasound, pregnancy can be determined at a later date.

2008-07-10 23:02:17

Ksenia asks:

Good afternoon, I am concerned about a question about a cyst. On July 4, I went to the doctor, and during an ultrasound, she said that I had a small cyst. But I didn’t ask her anything, and she didn’t say anything about the cyst, since I was with her about a completely different issue. Now this question worries me, what if it increases? Tell me, when can I go for an ultrasound again to check if everything is okay? And in general, how often can you do an ultrasound with a transvaginal sensor? Thank you.

2016-08-19 09:56:51

Alena asks:

Good afternoon! In 3 weeks I’m 29L, I treated about gastritis 4 years ago, and with the diet I lost 2 kg. Approximately the weight from that time is 50.5-51 kg. In April I was on sick leave, general tests were bad, the therapist prescribed an ultrasound scan of the OBP, at the first ultrasound they said that it was strong salt deposits on the right kidney and lazy gallbladder. The therapist prescribed Canephron, drank 2 t. 3 r. in a day. 30 days. The pain seems to have gone away a little. Then I did a repeat ultrasound on 9/06:
gall - thick bile, size 6.0 * 2.1, constrictions in the bile region;
kidneys: right - 9.4*4.0, left 10.3*4.2, structure renal sinus not homogeneous due to linear echoes.. (some kind of) inclusions. In words, the ultrasound specialist said that she did not see any strong deposits and that there was something like sand in the urine bladder, she said that the sand came out well.
The same therapist prescribed Allochol and blind probing. I drank it for 40 days, but the pain did not go away.
I also went for an ultrasound of the gall bladder, 31/07 and at the same time did a thyroid test:
gall - 6.7*2.2, no stones, level is stagnant. bile., according to the thyroid gland. V = 19.2, they said 1st degree.
On the night of 15/08 I couldn’t sleep because of the pain in my right side, it was radiating to my leg and back a little higher, at work they called an ambulance, they took me to the hospital, I went to see a surgeon, they did an ultrasound of the pelvis, he said that there was a prolapse right kidney, corrected it with his fingers.
He did an ultrasound very quickly and said nothing about other organs. She showed me the previous result and said that this happens when I eat something. He told me to take a urine test every 10 days and monitor the results. Prescribed nokamen, noshpa and konephron 1t each. 3p, course for 30 days.
General urine analysis:
UBG Normal 3.4/umol/L
BIL Neg
KET Neg
CRE 8.8 mmol/L
BLD Neg
PRO Neg
MALB 30 mg/L
NIT Neg
Leu Neg
GLU Neg
SG 1.020
pH 6.0.
VC 0 mmol/L
A:C 3.4 mg/mmol
I also donated general blood, but I won’t write about it, my sister seemed to say that everything was fine there.
Help me understand the results. Is everything okay? Do I need to take the Nechiporenko test separately or is that enough? Is it worth taking this course? The laboratory offers the following tests: urea, creatinine, uric acid and total protein- Is it possible to take it when I take a general urine test on day 10, if I’m already taking the pills listed above. I also take additionally (I asked for advice at the pharmacy) pancreatin and sedafit, since my sleep has been poor for a long time.
While standing there, no one did an ultrasound on me, and neither did the surgeon, it seemed like he wanted to get rid of it faster because they didn’t bring me to my place of residence. He didn’t say the level or how much it was lowered. I feel this kidney as a round lump, sometimes about 1 cm under the ribs. He also said that if the results do not improve, then surgery to fix the kidney. He told me to wear a bandage, but I bought a regular one because it’s tight elastic bandage. It is wide over the entire abdominal cavity, since it was in the way, I folded it almost in half and wear it for the second day at the level of the kidneys (the width from the bottom of the ribs and below the navel is 2 fingers), but it causes a lot of discomfort, should it be like this? Presses on the stomach, Should it be so tight? If I order a kidney one (I later saw on the Internet that there are some separately), will it be better, and do they provide any benefit at all in my case.
Please help with further actions, which doctor to go to and when, when it will be possible to do an ultrasound again, to be honest, I’m already tired of them, and financially too. I’m also not in the mood for surgery, is it necessary?
And one more thing: can this enlargement of the thyroid gland affect the kidneys?

Answers Zhosan Dmitry Alexandrovich:

Hello. Blood for urea, creatinine, uric acid and total protein can be taken along with general analysis urine. In order to resolve the issue regarding surgical intervention absolutely necessary x-ray examination kidney (kidney CT). Regarding the removal of salts from the kidneys, I recommend undergoing a study on the transport of salts in the body. An enlarged thyroid gland can affect your hormonal background, so first I recommend going through laboratory test on thyroid hormones.

2016-01-12 03:47:41

Irina asks:

Good afternoon. My husband and I are planning a second child, but I have an IUD, I went to the gynecologist for an examination, the smear showed 25-27 epithelium in the cervix, 17-19 leukocytes in the cervix, mixed flora. The smear was taken when there were already signs of menstruation inside. Pelvic ultrasound: there is a cyst on the right ovary corpus luteum size 29*17, left normal size 28*24, homogeneous structure, cervical size length 30mm, anteroposterior 34mm, ultrasound shows 2 sizes of uterus length 46mm, anteroposterior 40mm, width 46mm. I have it Blunt pain not constant either in the right or in the left side, what could this be and is pregnancy possible??? Menstruation always deviates from the cycle 1-2 days earlier. The doctor said that this is a mild inflammation, the spiral is not removed yet, only after treatment, she prescribed Terzhinan suppositories. And please tell me whether it is possible to do a pelvic ultrasound immediately after treatment with suppositories
terzhinan???

Answers Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

Hello Irina! Due to leukocytosis in the smear, you were prescribed terzhinan as a sanitation. After treatment, you should retake the smear and normal indicators The IUD can be removed. After this, you can plan your pregnancy. I still don’t see any point in going through an ultrasound scan of the pelvic organs again.

2015-11-29 20:29:14

Olga asks:

Hello, I am 38 years old, 3 pregnancies, the first two ended natural childbirth(09/12/2005 and 10/29/2012).
On September 25, 2015, a frozen pregnancy was curetted at 9.5 weeks (the embryo was 7-8 weeks old), a blood clot remained in the uterus, and menstruation did not come a month later. But on October 31, my stomach and ovaries began to feel tight, like before my period, and on the same day I became very cold while walking with my child. The next day (November 1), pain in the ovary began, which intensified on November 2 to such an extent that I almost lost consciousness. I went to the gynecology in an ambulance, they saw fluid in the abdominal cavity on an ultrasound, they did a puncture, found that there was blood, they did abdominal surgery. It turned out that the right ovary had ruptured; it was repaired. The doctor said that inflammatory process, adhesive process, the pipes were swollen and covered with plaque. She also said that it looked like the blood in the abdominal cavity was menstrual. On the 3rd they did an ultrasound, there was nothing in the uterus, there was no fluid in the abdominal cavity, there were adhesions near the left ovary, and near the right ovary the adhesions were cut during the operation. After an intravaginal ultrasound (11/03/15), there was slight discharge, they said it was menstruation. I did an ultrasound on November 20: in the right ovary there is a dominant follicle of 16 mm, M-echo 0.41, in the conclusion “Signs of endocrine insufficiency (thin M-echo)” There are no menstruation on the current day. It is recommended to take Langinet-30 from the first day of menstruation
Questions:
1. What to do if you don’t have your period? When to start sounding the alarm.
2. After the operation, my stomach has sagged, when can I actively start putting it in order? Press pump, etc.? For now, I limit myself to drawing in my stomach and keeping it in this state. After the operation I can hardly feel my stomach from the navel to the scar.
3. What does “Signs of endocrine insufficiency (thin M-echo)” mean and what can be done about it?
4. You are planning another pregnancy in six months, do you need to check your tubes before that?

Answers Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

Hello Olga! If the endometrial thickness is 4 mm, menstruation cannot begin, so you need to take the progesterone drug duphaston, for example, 1 tablet 2 times a day for 10 days. Then wait up to 5 days and your period should start. If they do not start, then you should additionally inject a 2.5% progesterone solution, 1 amp. per day for 5 days. From the first day of your period you can start taking COCs. You can start working with the abdomen no earlier than a month after surgery, provided that the suture has completely healed. Before planning your next pregnancy, you should check the patency of the fallopian tubes. After strip operation You should have been assigned enzyme preparation(dystreptase or longidase) to prevent the formation of new adhesions.

When is the best time to undergo a gynecological ultrasound?

Gynecological ultrasound is best performed 3-5 days after the end of menstruation, but no later than 7-10 days of the cycle, if you count from the beginning of menstruation from the first day. Patients ask why gynecological ultrasound is best done in the first phase of the menstrual cycle. It's simple: during this period, the endometrium, which is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the uterus, is quite thin. If there are any pathologies of the uterine cavity or endometrium, for example, fibroids, hyperplasia, polyps, it is easier to examine them on ultrasound with a thin endometrium than with a thick one. The endometrium thickens in the second phase of the cycle and small polyps can hide in its thickness, remaining unnoticed.

From the second half of the cycle, a follicle begins to mature in one of the ovaries, which explains the appearance of cysts with a diameter of 2-3 cm. These cysts are normal physiological structures and are either a corpus luteum cyst or a follicle that should soon ovulate. In the first 3-5 days from the beginning of menstruation and at the very end of the menstrual cycle, small cysts with a diameter of up to 7-12 mm are distinguished in the ovaries. This is considered the norm. However, to distinguish them by external structure from pathological cysts that need to be removed is almost impossible.

Indications for a gynecological ultrasound in the middle or second half of the menstrual cycle are observations of follicle maturation in order to confirm the fact of ovulation. This study indicated for women seeing a specialist for infertility.

Is it worth performing a gynecological ultrasound during menstruation?

Menstrual blood prevents the doctor from getting a good look internal cavity uterus, however, to assess the condition of the ovaries and uterine walls, it is advisable to carry out an ultrasound examination during this period.

Preparation for gynecological ultrasound. What and how?

Girls who have not previously had sexual intercourse (virgins) must have a full bladder before the study. To do this, it is enough to drink 1-1.5 liters of non-cold liquid and avoid urinating for 40 minutes before the procedure. In other cases, it is necessary, on the contrary, to empty the bladder before a gynecological ultrasound.

Stages of gynecological ultrasound

Gynecological ultrasound can be performed either as an independent examination or as part of an examination by a gynecologist. Very often, it is the gynecologist who performs the ultrasound examination. In this case, the ultrasound machine will be located in the gynecological examination room.

Before the test, your doctor will ask you to empty your bladder if you are not a virgin. Before starting the procedure, you need to remove some of your clothes and lie down on the couch.
A gynecological ultrasound is performed using a vaginal probe called an abdominal probe. This sensor is an elongated cylinder with a diameter of 2-2.5 cm. Before inserting the sensor into the vagina, the doctor will put a special nozzle or condom on it and apply a special gel that facilitates the passage of ultrasonic waves.
After this, the sensor will be inserted into the vagina. This procedure is completely painless and should not frighten the patient. A gynecological ultrasound lasts only 10-20 minutes.
At the end of the study, the doctor gives the patient a conclusion. Thanks to modern equipment, it is possible to shoot short films and take photographs, recording them on digital media. These images and films can be subsequently transferred to another doctor to familiarize yourself with the patient’s medical history, obtain another independent opinion for a more complete picture of the woman’s condition reproductive system.

IN medical center“Norm”, every woman will be able to undergo a gynecological ultrasound and find out everything about the state of her health. The clinic employs experienced specialists using modern equipment that allows full diagnostics diseases reproductive organs, based on its results, make an objective diagnosis and, if necessary, prescribe effective treatment.

Ultrasound examination has become widespread in various areas medicine due to minimal impact on the patient’s body, high information content and relative low cost of manipulation.

Gynecology has not remained aloof in the application of this diagnostic technique. Widely used in this area of medicine different ways conducting ultrasounds, which allow diagnosis and timely treatment various pathologies female reproductive system.

What does the study show? How should you prepare for manipulation? On what day of the cycle will a pelvic ultrasound be the most informative?

Principle of the method

The method is based on the creation of special vibrations by the device - ultrasonic waves. The sensor contains not only an element that creates the wave, but also that captures it.

The principle of ultrasound is that a wave passing through the tissues of the body is reflected from them and returns back, after which it is captured by the device.

This allows you to visualize organs of different density, size, internal structure and pathological formations. The following structures are particularly well visualized on ultrasound:

Education increased density against the background of homogeneous tissue (for example, tumors, polyps).
Cavity structures such as cysts, abscesses.
Liquid accumulated in a cavity.
Moving objects are a rather rare feature among survey methods.
The speed of blood flow in vessels and tissues.
The structure of the fetus, its body parts and tissues. Together with the safety property, this feature of ultrasound determines wide application method during pregnancy.

Due to the listed advantages of the method, doctors often prescribe the procedure if there is good specialist on diagnostics.

Use in gynecology

Ultrasound examination is used very often in the practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist, even if the use of the method for pregnancy management is excluded. A feature of a woman’s reproductive system is the presence of cavitary organs, changes in which are easy to detect on ultrasound.

In gynecology, the following types of examination are most often used:

Transabdominal ultrasound – diagnosis of pelvic formations using ultrasound passing through the anterior abdominal wall.
Transvaginal ultrasound is the insertion of a device into a woman’s vagina to examine the contents of the pelvis.
Doppler sonography is an assessment of the speed of blood flow in a particular organ.

Developed and more modern methods, which are rarely used in modern clinical medicine: three-dimensional gynecological ultrasound, echo contrast and others.

Transabdominal pelvic ultrasound

When diagnosing the uterus and its appendages using ultrasound through the abdominal wall in its anterior section, a smaller visualization effect is achieved than when an ultrasound sensor is inserted into the vagina.

However, this method is used quite often. Gynecological ultrasound of this type is used in the following situations:

Late pregnancy.
In virgins, with an intact hymen.
Extensive volumetric formations or fluid in the abdominal cavity, detected through the anterior abdominal wall. For example, a huge ovarian cyst.

In other cases, examination through the vagina is preferable.

Transvaginal ultrasound of the pelvis

The so-called “female-style” ultrasound involves inserting a sensor into posterior arch vagina, from where the wave passes through the uterus and its appendages.

Allows you to conduct examinations in a gynecologist’s office or a special diagnostic room without special preparation.

Thanks to the maximum proximity of the sensor and the organ being examined, the gynecologist can most in full assess the presence or absence of a pathological process.

Indications

When should you see a doctor for a test? Most often, a gynecological ultrasound is performed for the following complaints:

Bleeding outside of menstruation.
Infertility.
Pain in the lower abdomen.
Heavy or infrequent, irregular menstruation.
Pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse.

In addition, the doctor will conduct an examination if an ectopic pregnancy is suspected, as well as during an annual medical examination.

Pathology of the uterus

After conducting a “female-style” study, one or another pathology of the endometrium, the inner layer of the uterine wall, is often discovered. Thereby accessible method diagnostics can begin timely treatment pathology.

The following can be found on the side of the uterus: pathological processes:

Endometriosis is the growth of the endometrium in other layers of the uterine wall, as well as neighboring organs.
Uterine fibroids are a tumor of the muscle layer.
Endometrial polyps - proliferation epithelial tissue in the form of tumors on the stalk.
A malignant tumor is cancer of various tissues of the uterus.
Bubble drift.
Hemorrhage and source of bleeding.

These and other diseases of the endometrium and other layers of the uterus can be detected by gynecological ultrasound.

To assess the condition of the endometrium, the doctor needs to know the norms of its thickness. The size of the layer increases during the cycle. If immediately after menstruation the endometrium is practically absent, then before menstruation the thickness is 21–22 mm.

Pathology of the appendages

In addition to diseases localized directly in the cavity or wall of the uterus, ultrasound in gynecology can detect pathology of the appendages - ovaries and fallopian tubes. These conditions include:

Ovarian cyst - cavity formation containing liquid. Most often it has a size of 10–22 mm, but can be much larger.
An ectopic pregnancy located in the fallopian tube.
Presence of pus in the tubes.
Anomalies of ovarian development.
Ovarian tumors: benign and malignant.
Rupture of an ovarian cyst.
Bleeding from the appendages.

A cyst is the most commonly detected ovarian formation on ultrasound. This process has different reasons and source of development. The cyst can be eliminated by therapeutic and surgical methods. When to use each of them, the gynecologist decides depending on the size of the cavity.

The uterine appendages and the abdominal organ itself are not the only anatomical formations examined on a pelvic ultrasound. In addition, the surrounding abdomen examined for the presence of tumors, fluid, hemorrhages, and endometrial lesions.

In the middle of the cycle, you can most fully assess the condition of the ovaries: normally during this period there are several small follicles on each gland, one of which will be dominant - 20–22 mm in size.

On what day of the cycle should the test be done?

A very pressing question for women is: “On what day of the cycle should you undergo a gynecological ultrasound?” This often depends on the indications for the study. There is no specific day when it is best to have a pelvic examination.

The dynamics of changes in the structure and function of the ovaries are assessed by repeating studies in different terms: on the 10th, 15th, 22nd day of the cycle.

A routine ultrasound to detect tumors and cysts should be performed after the end of menstruation - on days 5–7 of the cycle. A cyst, ovarian tumor, or hydatidiform mole are clearly visualized during this period.

Carrying out manipulations during menstruation using the transvaginal method is difficult, and the results will be distorted. If it was not possible to diagnose immediately after menstruation, it is better to do the study on days 15–22 of the cycle.

How to prepare for the procedure?

In order for the doctor to correctly evaluate the results of the study, it is necessary to prepare for the procedure. Different types Ultrasounds are performed after great friend from a friend of preliminary activities.

Ultrasound of the pelvis through the abdominal wall will have the greatest information content with complete bladder. It will push the uterus and appendages to the anterior abdominal wall. On the day of the examination, you must do the following: drink a liter of water 1–2 hours before the procedure, do not urinate for at least half an hour.

An internal vaginal examination does not require such procedures; the only thing a woman needs to do before visiting a doctor is everyday intimate toileting.

How is ultrasound performed?

An examination is performed in the diagnostic room or gynecologist's office. The course of the investigation is as follows:

The transabdominal method requires the patient to be examined lying directly on the couch. A wide semi-oval sensor is pressed against the anterior abdominal wall, pre-treated with a special gel. The woman does not experience any sensations other than a feeling of cold.
Vaginal ultrasound of the pelvic organs is performed on a couch or gynecological chair. A disposable condom is placed on the sensor, after which it is treated with gel. The device is inserted into the posterior vaginal fornix to a shallow depth. Sometimes the doctor needs to move the sensor for a full examination; this can cause some discomfort to the woman. It is better to tell a specialist about your feelings.

results

The visualized structures are assessed directly during the manipulation. The doctor looks at the monitor screen, simultaneously determines the size of the structures being examined, and the nurse keeps a protocol.

Based on the diagnostic results, the patient can receive a photograph of the detected formations with a decoding and dimensions of certain structures. This is necessary for consultation with other specialists.