Why do babies bleed from the nose. There is blood from the nose of a child: an overview of the reasons, what to do? The baby has a nosebleed causes

Bleeding from a baby's nose always scares parents. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, and, of course, in such a situation, the baby needs help. In order for parents to provide it to their child, they need to familiarize themselves with the relevant information about the varieties, features and methods of treating such pathologies.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

There are many in the nasal cavity blood vessels. Nosebleeds (epistaxis) from one or both nostrils are much more common in children than in adults. It can be at any age (both in one-year-olds and in preschool and younger children). school age up to 10 years) and less often in adolescents. Thus, almost every child personal experience knows what it is nose bleed.

Why is this happening? We list the main reasons:

nose injury;
diseases of ENT organs;
pathology internal organs and systems;
frequent tamponade of the nasal cavity;
external factors.

Nose injury

Babies love to play with small objects. Parents can not always keep track of them, and a child can easily put some small toy (for example, a designer part) in his nose. This is typical for children 3-4 years old. As a result, the baby injures the nasal mucosa, and bleeding begins. A similar injury can be obtained with a simple picking in the nose with a finger. If possible, wean the child from such habits.

ENT diseases

In the cool season, children often get colds (we recommend reading:). This happens because of the not yet formed immunity. From frequent discharge liquid secretion from the nose, the vessels in it become inflamed. When a child sneezes or coughs, weak and swollen blood vessels can bleed from strain.

Diseases of other organs and systems

Bleeding is also explained by the presence of pathologies, which are characterized by a violation of hemocoagulation (blood clotting). With such diseases, the blood vessels become very vulnerable, and even slight bleeding is difficult to stop. To similar diseases relate:

hepatitis;
anemia;
leukemia, etc.

Teenagers often experience nosebleeds during hormonal changes. This is not a pathology, but simply age-related features.

The use of nasal preparations

During colds parents often instill vasoconstrictor drugs in the child's nose. In some cases, their use is necessary, because they facilitate the course of the disease, but too long use makes the vessels vulnerable, the mucosa becomes thinner and more vulnerable, which provokes the occurrence of blood discharge.

Too long use vasoconstrictor drops may be complicated by vasospasm and bleeding

Frequent tamponade of the nasal cavity

If the blood flow from the nose is a frequent occurrence in the crumbs, then cotton swabs are injected into the nasal passages (they look like flagella about 3 cm long and no more than 1 cm thick). Such tampons block the blood flow and, with frequent use, cause atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Because of this, the problem is not solved, but only aggravated.

External factors

Sometimes nosebleeds are the result of exposure to external factors. For example, if the baby overheats in the sun and gets sunstroke or heatstroke (for more details, see the article:). Dry air breaks the elasticity of the blood vessels of the nose, making them fragile and brittle. Such air can be both outdoors in frost or heat, and indoors.

Types of nosebleeds

To make a diagnosis, it matters at what time of day blood is released from the nose, it happens periodically or it happened once. Most often, bleeding occurs at night, in the morning or with rhinitis.

At night

Nocturnal nosebleeds are the biggest fear and anxiety for parents. The most unexpected factors can provoke the phenomenon.

If the parents are sure that the crumbs had no nose injuries, then the bleeding may have been provoked by:

prolonged or uncontrolled treatment with vasoconstrictor drops;
strong drying of the mucous membrane of the baby's nose - this is especially true during the heating season, when the air in the apartment is too dry;
allergies to dust, household chemicals, pets, etc.;
increased intracranial pressure.

In the morning

If the baby has bleeding in the morning, they may be due to the following factors:

in a dream, the child lay on his side or stomach all night, which could put pressure on the vessels and cause bleeding;
the presence of polyps in the nose also leads to blood loss in the morning;
as in the case of night phenomena, the cause of the morning may be too dry air in the room;
increased emotional and physical stress (typical for school age from 8 to 11 years), lack of sleep for good rest and many others. others

Nosebleeds can be due to overexcitation and excitement.

Rhinitis with blood

It happens that a small bloody discharge from the nose is accompanied by rhinitis. This is especially noticeable when blowing out. What could be causing this:

due to inability, the child blows his nose too actively, therefore it injures the mucous membrane and contributes to the appearance of blood (we recommend reading:);
trying to pick off dried crusts, the baby scratches the delicate mucous membrane;
affects frequent use vasoconstrictor drugs;
complications after diseases of the ENT organs.

These are just some of the possible causes of blood in the nasal cavity. To accurately determine the nature of the pathology, a specialist consultation is necessary. This is most relevant with regular bleeding.

How to stop nosebleeds?

Stopping a nosebleed can be done with fairly simple steps. Of course, the cause of the pathology plays a significant role. If the blood flow does not stop for more than 15-25 minutes, then it is urgent to call ambulance. Also, the intervention of specialists is mandatory if there was a head injury, vomiting is present, the child loses consciousness or suffers from poor blood clotting (hemophilia).

Providing first aid to a child

At home, it is important to provide first aid to the baby in a timely manner. It should be not only physical, but also psychological.

Thus, the injured part is clamped and the blood stops.

Children themselves are very afraid of sudden bleeding, so you need to immediately reassure the child. Here are some simple steps you can take to help ease your baby's condition:

Sit your baby in a chair and tilt his head forward.
Pinch your nostrils and apply ice to the bridge of your nose. After 6-7 minutes, cotton swabs soaked in vasoconstrictor drugs(Vibrocil, Naphthyzin).
After 5 minutes, carefully remove the flagella and lubricate the mucosa with petroleum jelly or Neomycin ointment, which accelerate healing and soothe inflammation.

The most common mistakes that are easy to avoid

Many parents, trying to help the child, unknowingly can harm him. Improper first aid measures are fraught with increased bleeding and the occurrence of other unpleasant symptoms. In order to avoid mistakes and not aggravate the situation, you need to know what things absolutely cannot be done:

During bleeding, put the baby to bed and raise his legs. This will increase blood loss.
Tilt your head back, because in this case, there is a violation of the outflow of blood through the cervical veins and the release of blood increases. In addition, it numbs the throat, causing spasms and vomiting.
Immediately after stopping the blood, give the child drinks and food, especially hot. Heat causes vasodilation and resumption of bleeding.

Also, after stopping the flow of blood, the child should be protected from sports and heavy physical activity. This can provoke a relapse.

When is it necessary to contact a specialist?

An ENT doctor should be contacted after the bleeding stops. Consultation with a specialist is needed to establish the cause and prevent recurrence. The doctor examines the sinuses with the help of special mirrors (this method is called rhinoscopy). If necessary, damaged vessels are cauterized. Consultations of other specialists (endocrinologist, hematologist, etc.) can also be prescribed and tests are carried out.

Treatment of nosebleeds

With a single nosebleed, no specific treatment not required as relapse is unlikely and parents have nothing to worry about. It will be enough to observe elementary preventive measures. Treatment is subject to systematic bleeding, as well as those caused by severe injuries, kidney disease, impaired blood clotting. If relapses occur, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.

Medicines

Therapy medicines primarily aimed at reducing the fragility and permeability of capillaries. Here are used:

Askorutin (more details in the article:);
Rutin;
Vitamin C.

Ascorbic acid reduces permeability vascular wall

Additionally, to prevent and accelerate the stop of bleeding, the following is prescribed:

Vikasol;
Dicynon;
intravenously: Calcium chloride, Aminocaproic acid (we recommend reading:).

For bleeding caused by injury, your doctor may prescribe:

Trasilol;
Contrykal.

Traditional medicine

Among folk recipes there are many effective means. Their additional advantages are availability, environmental friendliness and budget. Among these funds there are both local and those that are taken orally:

well improve blood clotting teas with sea buckthorn, plantain, chamomile;
a piece of aloe leaf, eaten on an empty stomach, can help with frequent bleeding;
to quickly stop the bleeding, you can moisten a cotton swab in the juice of fresh nettle or plantain and insert it into the sore nostril.

With nosebleeds, the child is recommended to drink chamomile teas

These recommendations can be helpful, but parents should not get carried away with self-medication, especially if the cause of bleeding is not exactly determined. Before using funds traditional medicine also need to consult a doctor.

Preventive measures

To prevent nosebleeds, parents need to follow some rules. They are included in close attention to the health of your baby, preventing injuries, providing useful and balanced nutrition. The following measures will help strengthen the blood vessels of the crumbs:

Regular airing of the room and humidification of the air in the apartment during the heating season.
Reception of vitamin and mineral complexes for children, especially in the off-season, when the child's immunity is weakened.
The use of fresh vegetables, citrus fruits, fish, dairy products.

Nosebleeds in themselves are not a dangerous phenomenon, but it is better to prevent this pathology in order to keep calm in the family and not expose the child to unnecessary stress. Compliance with simple precautions will help the baby to be healthy and cheerful and delight parents with their successes and good mood.

A nosebleed in a child, especially a small one, is a cause for great concern for parents. And although doctors say: as a rule, the blood coming from the nose of a baby is not dangerous at all, it is better to know everything possible reasons this disease and be prepared to stop it in a timely manner.

Why does a child's nose bleed?

In the nasal region there is a network of vessels and small capillaries, which, when ruptured, provoke bleeding. Dry and irritated vessels become very brittle and can bleed from any, even minor damage.

The most common causes of nosebleeds in a child or newborn are:

Dry mucous membrane. provoked harmful action heating appliances, sharp drop temperatures, abuse of vasoconstrictor drops with a cold;
Increased intracranial pressure;
infection (eg, sinusitis);
Injury to the nose (often formed when picking the nose or bruising);
hit foreign body(for example, parts of toys) in the nose;
Irregular shape of the nose from birth (curvature of the nasal septum);
The growth of polyps in the nose.

Should I be worried about blood from the nose of a baby?

As a rule, anxiety is unfounded. AT winter period, when the heating devices are working at full capacity, and the spread of infections reaches a critical level, nosebleeds are not uncommon.

According to doctors, such a problem may disturb the baby, but it completely disappears by adolescence. The whole point is that the vessels of the newborn are still too weak and cannot withstand stimuli.

How to prevent nosebleeds in babies?

If the air in the apartment is too dry, a humidifier should be purchased in the child's room. It will help create comfortable microclimate and maintain the desired level of humidity.

Make sure that the child does not put anything in the spout, including his own fingers.

If your nose bleeds regularly due to dry nose, you should talk to your doctor about using a saline nasal instillation. It moisturizes the mucous membrane and strengthens blood vessels.

When does a nosebleed in a child require a visit to a doctor:

Blood comes as a result of a fall, trauma to the head or nose, impact;
The baby has leaked too much blood and you suspect danger;
Bleeding began after taking some medication;
The baby has a constant nasal congestion, and the blood comes more often than before.
If, in addition to bleeding from the nose, the child easily bruises, the gums bleed.

How to stop bleeding?

Reassure the child and make him spit out blood. It should not get into the throat and cause nausea.
Sit the child on your knees so that his head is tilted slightly down. Press the napkin to the spout and fix it with your hand. You need to wait about 10 minutes without taking the napkin.
If the child is quite old, you need to ask him to breathe through his mouth. In order for him not to be scared and not bored, you can read a book or turn on a cartoon.
After 10 minutes, check if the bleeding has ended. If not, you need to put on the bridge of your nose cold compress and again pinch your nose with a napkin for 10 minutes.
If the bleeding does not stop, you should definitely consult a doctor.

What not to do!

The child should not be allowed to take horizontal position or tilt your head back. This will cause blood to seep down the throat.
Do not plug your nostrils with cotton swabs. They can stop the bleeding, but during the withdrawal they will again damage the mucous membrane and the problem will recur.

Hospital methods of struggle

If the child’s blood cannot be stopped at home, he must be taken to the hospital, where the doctor will determine the cause of the pathology. This is done as follows: the oral cavity is viewed with a special flashlight and a bleeding center is detected. After that, the damaged area is tamponed with a special hemostatic fluid, which should almost instantly stop the flow of blood. If this also does not help, a bandage is applied. This need is very rare.

In addition to all these procedures, the doctor looks to see if the nose or head is damaged, if the bleeding is a sign of some other disease.

Ekaterina Rakitina

Dr. Dietrich Bonhoeffer Klinikum, Germany

Reading time: 4 minutes

A A

Last update articles: 13.02.2019

The main task of the nasal mucosa of an infant and an adult is the most reliable protection against the penetration of viruses, bacteria and even foreign particles, as well as the preparation and purification of the air that enters the lungs. But this is often the case, especially in childhood that the nasal mucosa "fails" and temporarily does not fulfill its functions. A runny nose sets in, mucus and secretions interfere with breathing, multiplying bacteria stain them yellow and green.

And suddenly the parents of the baby notice that along with the snot from the child's nose appear bleeding. Of course, such an unpleasant situation is not normal, but you should not be very scared and panicked. The reasons for the appearance of snot with blood in a child can be very different and do not necessarily indicate the development of a serious nose disease.

A distinction should immediately be made between nosebleeds and the presence of small bloody streaks and blotches in the mucus secreted during a runny nose.

The first situation is an unusual condition and requires a mandatory visit to the doctor, especially after a child's head injury.

The second - the phenomenon is quite frequent and in most cases not dangerous. It is necessary to clearly understand the situation and carefully monitor all possible causes in order to clearly find out why bloody discharge from the baby's nose appeared.

Causes of blood in a cold

In young children, the capillary walls of the nasal mucosa are still very weak and are in the process of formation and strengthening. A huge number of tiny blood vessels and capillaries pass through the nose. The impact of many external factors (most often of a mechanical nature) can damage them, due to which small bloody fragments come out with nasal secretions.

Young children often put their fingers in their nose, especially with a runny nose and irritation of the nose. The mucous membrane of the nose is easily damaged if the newborn has grown nails.
Damage to blood vessels and capillaries also often occurs due to the drying of the walls of the mucous membrane of the newborn's nose. Dry and rather hot air in the room where the child is located negatively affects the nasal mucosa. Most pediatricians advise to humidify and not overheat the nursery, especially in winter time when electric heaters are used.

Discharge from the nose with some blood is not a disease, but simply a symptom of some kind of problem, identifying which you can take appropriate measures.

Fragile and weak vessels in the nose of a newborn may burst and bleed due to a lack of vitamins and minerals (most often vitamin C). Reception prescribed by a pediatrician vitamin complexes guaranteed to correct the fragility and fragility of blood vessels, as well as increase the immunity of the baby.
A viral infection is also often the cause of blood in a runny nose in crumbs. Diseases of the upper respiratory tract thin the nasal capillaries, and the blood appears itself along with the nasal mucus. To eliminate thinning and cure a bloody runny nose in such cases, instillation of moisturizing preparations with sea salt into the nose helps.
Usually, attentive pediatricians, due to blood discharge, consider the option of increased intracranial pressure and spasms of cerebral vessels in a baby. In children under one year old, this option is quite rare, but it should be excluded in any case.
If the color of nasal discharge in a child is green or yellow with small streaks of blood, while the child is crying and has a fever, you should immediately consult a doctor. These discharges and symptoms may be signs of inflammation of the sinuses.

How to treat bleeding from the nose of a newborn

If bleeding is not associated with spasms of cerebral vessels or inflammatory processes ENT character, the rest of the above situations do not require special treatment. Children's specialists usually recommend general events preventive nature.

Humidify the room more often. To do this, you can put an ionizer or humidifier. More simple and affordable way- use a wet towel on a hot battery. You can carry out express humidification of the air by spraying a small amount of water from a spray bottle.

Fresh air at least 3 times a day in winter and much more often in summer should enter the room in which the newborn is predominantly located.

You should walk more often with the baby on fresh air preferably in a forest or park. Unless the doctor recommends otherwise, a child can cope with blood snot by instilling a spout with saline with the addition of a small amount sea salt. Also, pharmacies sell special moisturizing preparations for the mucous membrane of a child's nose.

Do not self-medicate in any case! The baby must be shown to an ENT specialist who can accurately determine the reasons why the child has snot with blood, will give necessary recommendations or prescribe appropriate treatment.

Traditional medicine in the fight against discharge from the nose of the baby

If the causes are physiological, moisturizing the nasal passages with natural oils gives a good healing result. plant origin. You can instill 2 drops of oil 2 times a day in each nostril of the baby. Or (if possible) insert small cotton swabs soaked in oil into the nose of the baby. It can be olive oil, sea buckthorn tea tree or rosehip.

Snot with blood in a child is a fairly common phenomenon that can scare even the most fearless parent. In this article, we will analyze why blood flows from the nose with a runny nose and what to do if you find it.

Although it looks creepy at times, the reason is very simple. The nasal cavity is lined from the inside with a mucous membrane, which, in turn, like any mucous membrane, is abundantly vascularized - covered with a network of capillaries. Since the capillary is the smallest vessel, it is very easily damaged because of this.

Since during normal operation protective systems nosebleeds will be mild and stop quickly, then the blood in the snot usually looks like stripes.

An important task facing the parent is to determine why the capillaries began to be damaged and fix the problem as soon as possible.

Causes of capillary bleeding in the nasal cavity

It may appear for the following reasons:

The mucous membrane is not sufficiently hydrated. This situation is possible if you live in the southern regions, which are characterized by a dry and hot climate. Also in winter, during the heating period, the air in the apartment is often dry and too hot, which can cause the capillaries to become brittle.

If you managed to establish that the reason is dryness environment, then at home it is better to install a special device - a humidifier. It will release water vapor into the air. If it was not at hand, and dryness needs to be urgently reduced, hang it in the room wet towel or sheet.

Fragile capillaries. This is a rather dangerous case, as it occurs against the background of a lack of vitamin C. Recall that vitamin C- a necessary coenzyme for the key reaction of collagen synthesis, which is part of the walls of blood vessels, as well as almost all connective tissues. Having discovered such an outcome of events, you should immediately introduce into the diet of the child nutrients rich in vitamin C, and see a doctor. In this case, the snot most often has a very thick consistency.
Viral or. Some infectious agents can also damage the capillary wall, causing this kind of bleeding. In this case, there will be other signs of a viral infection, such as fever, drowsiness, weakness. In this situation, the doctor's advice will be decisive, but if everything happened suddenly, you can rinse the baby's nose with a weak saline solution.

Often snot acquire green color. If a long-term treatment does not help, then it is worth taking the mucus for sowing - perhaps your child's nasal cavity has been colonized by staphylococci or meningococci.

At bacterial infection the color of the snot itself will be yellow. You should not bring a runny nose to this, because prolonged inflammation can go into the ear cavity and even into the skull.

Intracranial pressure. If you have ruled out all the previous options, then your baby may have too high intracranial pressure, which is why the vessels in the nose burst. See a doctor for advice and find out how to help your child.
Someone too much picking his nose. When you are already knocked off your feet, eating to find out the reason for the appearance of blood in the snot, just watch the child. Bad habit picking your nose can cause blood in the mucus even without the presence of a disease.

Upon discovering any physical ailments in a child, a normal parent will immediately want to know how to help the baby. There are a few universal advice to help you eliminate capillary bleeding from the nose and return with the children to the normal rhythm of life.

Often, blood in the snot is a transient phenomenon, so parents forget about the problem. But there are cases in which you should be especially careful:

The child is constantly nauseous and vomits in addition to nosebleeds;
The kid complains of headaches;
A rash appeared;
The nose bleeds often and for a long time.

You should not ignore the health problems of your own child, so as not to "launch" potentially dangerous disease. Therefore, if any symptom seems suspicious to you, consult a pediatrician for advice.

The first and easiest one is mechanical damage . Up to 2 months, the baby's nose has not yet fully tuned in to life during external environment, so it secretes a lot of mucus. Wiping it, the mother can damage the child's delicate mucous membrane.

But the reason may lie in elevated intracranial pressure . In this case, bleeding will occur only when the pressure changes.

Conclusion

Bleeding from the nose is a minor problem, it is quickly exhausted and does not pose a danger. But in the case when it is supplemented by some other symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Many parents have experienced nosebleeds in their children, but not everyone knows why nosebleeds often flow in childhood, as well as how to deal with such a problem. Let's find out the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky and his advice for parents with nosebleeds in children.

The reasons

Renowned pediatrician names the main reason frequent bleeding in children anatomical features structure of the nasal mucosa. It is they that cause the appearance of frequent bleeding in some children and the absence of such a problem in other babies. Among the most common provoking factors, Komarovsky calls the dryness of the air in the room in which the child stays.

According to a popular doctor, due to dry air, the mucus in the nose of the child dries up and forms crusts, and when the child picks them off, bleeding opens.

In this case, emphasizes Komarovsky, we are talking about bleeding that is not caused by trauma (fall, blow), when the reason for the discharge of blood from the baby's nose is obvious. Excessively dry air causes those bleeding that appear suddenly, for no apparent reason.

Increased mucus production in a child's nose is caused by viral infection, exposure to an allergen or bacteria, and drying out of the mucus can be caused not only by dry air in the room, but also by taking certain medications (vasoconstrictor, anti-inflammatory, antihistamines, and others), a long rise body temperature, inhalation of polluted air.

Bleeding itself can begin not only when picking your nose, but also when sneezing, while walking, inhaling or sleeping - in all cases when pressure on nasal septum rises.

However, the cause of nosebleeds in a child can be much more serious, however, as Komarovsky notes, problems with blood clotting, liver, blood pressure and other serious illnesses will never be manifested only by nosebleeds. If the baby has any such disease, he will have other symptoms, such as a skin rash, frequent bruising, headaches or dizziness.

Urgent care

When a child has nosebleeds, Komarovsky recommends acting like this:

Sit the baby with the body tilted forward. The child's head should be straight or slightly tilted forward.
The child's nostrils should be squeezed with your fingers and held for about 10 minutes. The mother or the child can squeeze the nose. While waiting, the child must breathe through the mouth.

The rate of cessation of blood flow, according to a popular doctor, is primarily affected by the diameter of the vessel that is damaged. Also, the duration of bleeding will be determined by the state of the blood coagulation system and the intake of certain medications. In most cases, ten minutes will be enough for normal nosebleeds to stop.

To speed up the stop of bleeding, a popular doctor recommends cold, but only if the child can pinch his nose on his own (while mom runs to the kitchen for something cold). Komarovsky advises applying ice by applying it to the bridge of the nose. You can also give your child ice cream or a cold drink through a straw, as the cold in oral cavity also contributes to a faster stop bleeding in the nose.

In addition, so that 10 minutes of waiting until the blood stops flowing does not become too long for the child, parents can entertain him with something, for example, turn on a cartoon to the child, read to the baby or tell him a story.

The famous pediatrician calls the main mistakes of parents in helping a child with nosebleeds:

Tilt the child's head back. With this action, the blood will drain into the pharynx, so it will be difficult to understand how pronounced the vascular damage is, when the bleeding stopped and whether it ended at all. In addition, flowing blood can provoke a gag reflex.
Introduction to the nasal passages of cotton swabs. After removing the cotton wool from the nose, the crust formed at the site of damage to the vessels is removed, which causes re-bleeding.
Putting the child to bed. Komarovsky focuses the attention of parents on the fact that a child with nosebleeds should not be in a horizontal position.
Release the baby's nostrils earlier, checking to see if there is still blood flowing. This will only interfere with the cessation of bleeding.

Also, a child during bleeding should not:

Blow your nose.
Cough.
Speak.
Swallow blood.
Move actively.

If 10 minutes have passed, the mother has released her nostrils, and the bleeding is still ongoing, all actions should be repeated for another 10 minutes. If after twenty minutes from the beginning of the nosebleed it has not yet stopped, the child should be shown to the doctor.

Komarovsky also advises not to hesitate in applying for medical care, if:

The child's blood is discharged from two nostrils at once.
The child also started bleeding from another part of the body, such as the ear.
Nosebleeds are very common.

In the following video, the doctor gives detailed recommendations for helping with nosebleeds in a child, and also talks about common mistakes parents in these situations.