Measles vaccination 1 year. Features of measles vaccination. When do adults need a measles vaccine?

Over the past few years, the level of measles cases has increased several times and this is not surprising, because many parents refuse immunization, thereby exposing themselves and their children to great danger.

Measles is one of the most highly contagious viral infections. It is transmitted by a simple cough or sneeze of a sick person. And it is dangerous with its terrible complications. But there is a real defense against this dangerous virus– vaccination. In today's article you will learn when children are vaccinated against measles, where the injection is given, how many times and what vaccines are used. We will also talk about why to vaccinate children, when emergency vaccination occurs and when there is a need to vaccinate babies under one year old.

Which measles vaccine is best for babies?

There are two types of vaccines: mono- and combined.

Among the mono-vaccines registered in Russia:

“Live cultured measles vaccine”, manufacturer Microgen Russia;
Rouvax, France.

Among the combination vaccines:

“Mumps-measles cultural live vaccine”, Microgen, Russia. Protects against measles and mumps;
"MMR II", USA manufacturer. Consists of three components, protects against measles, mumps and rubella"
"Priorix", manufacturer Belgium. Protects against three diseases, like the previous one.”

Doctors believe that it is better to get a three-component vaccine. The advantages of three-component vaccines are that they are administered once, without the child being injured by subsequent injections. The choice is yours. Many pediatricians and mothers prefer the Belgian vaccine, as it is less reactogenic and has proven itself in our area.

What kind of vaccine is this?

The three-component combination vaccine is also called MMR (measles-mumps-rubella), it is safe and protects against three different diseases: measles, mumps and rubella. For a full vaccination cycle, you need to receive two doses of the drug, but there are situations when the injection is given three times. A child who has received 2 doses is 97% protected from the virus.

How does it work?

The MMR vaccine contains a weakened version of live measles. Its meaning is that when it enters the body, it triggers immune system and thereby causes the production of antibodies against the measles virus.

If, after immunization, the body encounters a virus, the immune system immediately recognizes it and instantly produces antibodies against measles.

When children are vaccinated against measles: vaccination schedule

According to the National Calendar and Vaccination Schedule for Children and Adults, the first vaccine against measles virus is given between the ages of 12 and 18 months.

The table shows the vaccination calendar for children:

If there is a medical exemption from vaccinating a child, the doctor can create an individual vaccination schedule.

The vaccination can be done at your local children's clinic, according to the vaccination schedule; such vaccination is provided by the state free of charge.

You can also get immunized in private medical center on a paid basis, with the drug that this center offers.

Measles virus vaccination for children under one year of age

There are situations when immunization is carried out earlier than a year. Although this is not recommended, health is more expensive and doctors sometimes make such decisions. Here are the main reasons:

An outbreak of measles in the city or town where the infant lives;
Contact with a sick person (if less than three days have passed, urgent immunization is recommended);
A trip abroad is an indication to get the vaccine.

With such early immunization, vaccination will need to be repeated two more times: at one year and at six years. This is due to the fact that in more early age The immune system is imperfect and antibodies to measles infection are not fully produced.

Emergency immunization

If a child has been exposed to the virus and has not been fully vaccinated or has received only one dose of MMR, if less than 72 hours have passed, urgent vaccination is recommended. If more than three days have passed, but less than 6, the vaccination will no longer help, but immunoglobulin can be administered.

Is it necessary to vaccinate?

This question worries most mothers. I would like to answer in one word: Yes.

But I understand that many will not be happy with this answer. In this case, let’s think, if 99% of children get sick when they encounter a virus, what is the probability of infecting an unvaccinated child? Second important point, the virus is not as terrible as the complications it causes.

How to prepare the baby?

To minimize the likelihood of side effects from vaccination, you must follow a simple algorithm:

3 days before vaccination, we remove everything from the diet allergenic products: chocolate, honey, citrus fruits, red and orange fruits and vegetables, as well as those foods that can cause allergies in your baby;
Some pediatricians recommend drinking 2 days before and 1 day after vaccination antihistamine to reduce the likelihood of allergic reactions;
IN home medicine cabinet have antipyretic syrup or suppositories;
On the day of vaccination, visit the doctor and conduct a complete examination of the child. The baby must be completely healthy: without a runny nose, cough, fever, red throat, diarrhea, vomiting and other cold symptoms;
If something confuses the pediatrician, he prescribes additional analysis blood to confirm the absence inflammatory process in organism;
The vaccination itself must be done only in a clinic or a special medical center, where all the rules for storing and using the drug are observed.

No nurse has the right to give vaccinations at home!

After vaccination, it is recommended to sit in the hallway with the baby for 30 minutes; if there are no complaints or worries, you can go home.

Where is a child vaccinated against measles infection?

The injection is given intramuscularly, in the broad (lateral) muscle of the thigh or in the shoulder (WHO recommendations). In these places, the muscle itself is shallow and does not have large nerve endings and vessels. It is not safe to vaccinate children against measles in the buttock, since, firstly, there is a high probability of damage sciatic nerve, secondly, there is a lot of fatty tissue in the buttocks and this reduces the absorption of the drug itself, and as a result, the effectiveness of the vaccine itself decreases.

All this is confirmed by the fundamental documents: “ENSURING THE SAFETY OF IMMUNIZATION. Sanitary and epidemiological rules. SP 3.3.2342-08" paragraph 3.37"

Usually, one-year-old babies They give an injection in the shoulder, but for older children in the thigh muscle.

How long does the vaccine last?

If a child receives two vaccines, the average duration is 20 years. But sometimes the time is shortened.

In order to check whether there are antibodies to the measles virus in your body, it is enough to take a blood test for the presence IgG antibodies. They are produced by the body as a result of measles or after vaccination. The analysis is not complicated, it takes from several hours to 2 days, almost every laboratory does it. If antibodies are not detected, it is recommended to repeat the vaccination.

How many times should children be vaccinated against measles?

If the vaccination schedule is fully observed, the child is vaccinated against measles twice: a year and at 6 years old, before school.

But if the baby’s first vaccination was given at six months, then two more visits are recommended: at one year and at six years.

It is also recommended that girls planning a pregnancy be tested for the presence of antibodies to measles, even if she received two doses of the vaccine as a child. If antibodies are not detected, it is recommended to get vaccinated again to avoid possible measles infection during pregnancy.

Should my baby be vaccinated against measles?

Parents are concerned about what to do, what to do? On the one hand everything medical institutions and the state is talking about vaccination, on the other hand the community of mothers with arguments that this is absolutely not necessary, and can only harm the baby. What to do? My advice to you is to get acquainted with the statistics of the disease: look at what was happening in the world before vaccinations began and what their use led to.

Find out what adverse reactions from vaccination may be, in what percentage, and compare them with data on sick and unvaccinated babies

Thinking parents will immediately have a clear picture in their heads. Vaccination has helped the world control and prevent measles epidemics around the world. And about adverse reactions, so Panadol also has them.

This is exactly the question Dr. Komarovsky raises in his video: to vaccinate or not, let’s see:

conclusions

Vaccination against measles is essential for children to avoid the disease itself and its complications;
According to the vaccination schedule, vaccinations are given twice: a year and 6 years, but there are exceptions;
The injection is given in the shoulder or thigh muscle. Under no circumstances should it be done into the gluteal muscle;
There is a monocomponent measles vaccine and a three-component one. Preference is given to the second;
All vaccination issues are regulated by law: ENSURING THE SAFETY OF IMMUNIZATION.

Many experts consider prevention to be the most the best way treatment of any disease. Sometimes it is precisely this wall that protects children from many infections. The measles vaccine is the only way, which guarantees human protection from this dangerous disease. Thanks to immunization, the morbidity rate in children and adults was reduced to 85%.

Measles, all about the disease

Measles has become quite rare disease in children over one year of age due to regular immunization. This infection is dangerous for humans. Let's note the most important features of this disease:

When infected, the child's temperature rises significantly. It can reach more than 40 0 C.
The disease is accompanied by symptoms similar to a cold (runny nose, dry cough, sneezing, sore throat). Specific manifestations are also observed in children, which include: hoarseness, photophobia, swelling of the eyelids, rashes on the body.
Infection of nearby people can occur up to 4 days of illness.
The development of the disease causes a sharp decline immunity in children. A number of bacterial complications can occur during infection.
After the mother suffers the disease, the child’s body will acquire immunity to the virus within 3 months, no more.
Measles is difficult for young children (under 5 years of age). One of dangerous complications considered fatal.
In 2011, the disease killed more than 100,000 children worldwide who were not vaccinated against measles.

The virus is spreading by airborne droplets. A person with measles is contagious even during the incubation period. The causative agent of the infection in question is unstable in external environment, it dies after exposure to physical, mechanical factors.

The importance of measles vaccination, vaccination schedule

Experts believe vaccination is the only effective method prevention of infectious disease. It does not need to be done if a person has contraindications. The first measles vaccine should be given between 12 and 15 months of age. Vaccination should be done at an early age because adults are more susceptible to vaccination than children.

The measles vaccine is sometimes combined with many other vaccines. Vaccinations against measles, mumps, and rubella are often given at the same time.

According to the plan, 2 measles vaccinations should be given. We indicated the timing of the first vaccination above, and the second should be performed at the age of 6 years (provided there are no contraindications). Usually the time for revaccination falls during the period of . Experts recommend conducting a test before measles vaccination, or after some time has passed (after 1.5 months). At the same time, these vaccinations are given only if there are emergency indications in a child over one year old.

The routine vaccine is administered to children twice (12–15 months, 6 years). In rare cases, you need to deviate from this vaccination schedule:

If one of the family members is infected, everyone under the age of 40 must be vaccinated. The exception is children under one year old.
When a child is born from a mother in whose blood no antibodies to the virus are detected, the baby is vaccinated in the first 8 months of life. Then the child is vaccinated according to plan (14 – 15 months, 6 years).

Parents, and even children themselves, are interested in the question: where do they get vaccinated against measles? 0.5 ml. The drug is administered to a child or an adult in the following areas:

under the shoulder blade;
outer shoulder area.

Preparing for the injection

No special preparation is required for vaccination:

The measles vaccine can only be given healthy children(adults). There should be no signs of ARVI.
Before administering the drug, it is recommended to undergo a full examination by a doctor and take tests.

There are also rules for behavior after vaccination. They are as follows:

While taking a shower, you should not rub the area where the drug was injected.
Avoid visiting crowded places for three days.
You should not introduce new products to your child’s menu.

Measles vaccine for adults

If an adult decides to get vaccinated, he is recommended to undergo tests to detect antibodies to the infection. A person can have a latent form of measles without even knowing it. In this case, experts say that vaccination is not necessary.

Once the height of the epidemic has been confirmed, vaccinations cannot be done. If a person does not have a first vaccination, he should be vaccinated before traveling to a dangerous region (no later than 2 weeks before departure). The most cases of infection with the virus have been recorded in France, Germany, Great Britain, Romania, Italy, Denmark, Uzbekistan, and Spain.

The measles vaccine is given only for a certain period. Repeated administration of the drug is necessary after 3–5 years. The time for repeated vaccination in adults depends on the characteristics of the body and the vaccination schedule in the country.

Adults are vaccinated against measles up to 35 years of age, twice with a 3-month break between vaccinations. Revaccination is not needed. The body will remain immune to infection for more than 12 years. For adults, the drug is injected into the shoulder (upper third).

This infectious disease is dangerous due to complications. Among the most severe complications we list:

encephalitis;
pneumonia;
otitis;
meningoencephalitis;
pyelonephritis;
sinusitis;
hepatitis;
meningitis;
Eustachitis.

What vaccines are used?

The measles vaccine contains live or weakened viruses. In this state, they are unable to cause illness in the child, but only help to develop the body’s immunity to infection. Features of the measles vaccine:

Thermal lability. The vaccine loses its properties when exposed to conditions with an uncomfortable temperature. Its storage should be carried out at temperatures up to 4 0 C, not higher. High/low temperatures provoke rapid destruction of the drug.
If any unused vaccine remains, it should be destroyed.
The drug should be administered with caution to people allergic to the antibiotic or egg white.

Mono-vaccines can be used for preventive purposes, combination vaccines(they also protect against rubella, mumps). Vaccines used:

"Ruwax." Made in France.
LCV (monovaccine).
Mumps-measles vaccine (Russia).
Priorix (UK).
MMR (combined measles, rubella, mumps). Made in USA.

How to choose a measles vaccine? The issue is quite complex; to solve it, consultation with a specialist is necessary. The doctor will be able to choose the best option by assessing the tolerability of a particular drug.

Even after vaccination, a child can get measles. The disease can develop when a child’s immunity has sharply decreased after a single vaccination. But if a child over one year of age becomes infected, the infection will be much easier to bear. Vaccination in this case helps to stop the development of the disease and prevent it. severe course, reduce the risk of complications.

Reaction to vaccination

Immunoprophylaxis is carried out using a weak live vaccine. It is very important to know whether and what consequences can occur after measles vaccination. The measles vaccine can provoke 2 types of reactions:

general (redness of the throat, slight cough, hyperemia, runny nose, conjunctivitis);
local (redness in the area of vaccine administration, swelling). These manifestations disappear after a few days.

In some cases, the temperature may rise (after 6 days). The child may experience nosebleeds, decreased appetite, a measles-like rash, and malaise.

The reaction to the measles vaccine varies depending on the severity of the symptoms:

Weak. The temperature increase is noted by only 1 0 C. The symptoms of intoxication that we discussed above are not observed.
Average. The temperature rises within 37.6 – 38.5 0 C. Mild symptoms of intoxication are present.
Strong. The child has a very high temperature, weakness (for a short time), rash, cough, redness of the throat.

The above symptoms may occur when a single vaccine is administered (immunity against measles only). If combined vaccinations are carried out (rubella, mumps), additional symptoms may appear (inflammation salivary glands, joint pain).

Possible complications

Parents are concerned about how the measles vaccine is tolerated. Can they manifest themselves? post-vaccination complications? In medical practice, cases of severe complications have been recorded (very few). Usually the cause of complications lies in:

violation of vaccination technique;
failure to comply with contraindications;
individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
poor quality vaccine.

There may be such side effects after vaccination:

Contraindications to vaccination for children and adults

Vaccination against measles will help prevent dangerous consequences diseases. But there are contraindications. In some cases, a child (adult) cannot be vaccinated against measles either at 12 months or again at the age of 6 years:

pregnancy;
primary immunodeficiency;
the presence of severe complications from a previous vaccination;
presence of allergies to aminoglycosides, chicken protein;
neoplasm (malignant);
vaccination is postponed for 3 months in case of administration of immunoglobulin and blood products;
acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS). Vaccination is contraindicated in the development of its severe form. If there are no clinical manifestations of HIV infection, administer live vaccine allowed.

Documentation Features

All vaccinations are carried out only with the consent of the parents. Vaccinations performed must be documented. Measles vaccination also falls under this rule.

How does the vaccination process take place? Initially, the pediatrician examines the child. Before the drug is administered, parents are given a form to sign indicating that they consent to this medical procedure.

If parents are against vaccination, they are required to issue a written refusal to the procedure. The signature of one of them is enough. The refusal must be drawn up in two copies. The doctor pastes the first copy into the child’s card, copy No. 2 should be attached to the local journal “On immunization of the population.” Parents file an annual waiver of vaccination.

Preventing measles

Measles vaccination is considered the only preventive measure. The weakened virus is not dangerous to health; it will help the body develop immunity to the disease. Sometimes you need emergency prevention. It consists of vaccination within 2–3 days after a child (over 6 months of age) comes into contact with a sick person.

For young children under one year old (aged 3–6 months), emergency prevention involves the administration of human immunoglobulin. It contains protective antibodies from the serum of donors and people who have had measles. After 2–3 months, active immunization can be done.

Measles– an infectious disease caused by an RNA virus. The pathology spreads through airborne droplets, which means you can become infected even by talking.

The course of the disease in an unvaccinated person is complicated, and the consequences are often irreversible. Doctors' recommendations should not be neglected.

Timely immunization will help avoid serious problems with health. Operating since 2014 Government program, according to which in the Russian Federation citizens under 35 years of age are vaccinated free of charge (Order of the Ministry of Health No. 125n).

Viruses prefer cells of the central nervous system, respiratory systems s and gastrointestinal tract. The larger the affected area, the worse it is for the patient.

Measles is a pathology without age restrictions, so both children and adults can suffer from it.

Having penetrated the human body, the RNA-containing virus spreads throughout it through the bloodstream. It affects the nasopharynx, mucous membranes of the organs of vision, and enters the lymph nodes. In the first 10 days, the disease practically does not manifest itself. The signs that occur are difficult to identify.

Measles is characterized clinical picture, which is very similar to the symptoms of “colds” diseases.

Severe headaches, cough, and nasal discharge appear. Then hyperthermia occurs. It's quite difficult to get rid of it. After 4 days, whitish spots form on the patient’s mucous membranes, and a rash quickly spreads throughout the body. Skin rashes appear as small red spots that then merge. These specific symptoms become conclusive evidence of measles infection.

Measles can occur in different ways. The intensity of symptoms depends on individual characteristics sick. The pathology can be complicated by otitis media, laryngitis, measles croup, pneumonia, and brain damage.

Importance of vaccination

Measles used to be called the “childhood plague.” But over time she was defeated. In this case the best treatment is prevention. Vaccination against measles in children and adults is included in the official vaccination calendar.

Timely immunization guarantees protection against this pathology for 10-15 years. The validity period depends on the patient’s age, state of health and susceptibility to infectious diseases. The schedule is drawn up by the attending physician.

Types of vaccine

Vaccination against measles is often combined with the prevention of other pathologies, for example, chicken pox, mumps and rubella. The vaccine is created from weakened viruses. It can be single-, bi- and polycomponent. Thanks to its effect, the body produces antibodies that are able to resist this pathogen. There is absolutely no chance of contracting measles.

Store the drug at a temperature not exceeding +4 degrees Celsius. In addition to the immobilized RNA virus, it contains antibiotics and egg white. Therefore, measles vaccination is contraindicated for people who are allergic to these ingredients.

Otherwise, negative consequences will not keep you waiting.

In the Russian Federation, domestic drugs are used to immunize the adult population, including measles monovaccine and mumps-measles vaccine. The advantages of the first include fewer side effects. The use of compounds produced in France (Ruvax), the USA (MMP II) and the UK (Priorix) is also permitted. All of them have proven themselves with the best side, proving high efficiency and no problems with tolerability.

Vaccination calendar

Measles vaccination in children and adults is given in accordance with National calendar preventive vaccinations(Order of the Ministry of Health No. 125n). This can only be done after the patient signs written consent. This procedure is carried out annually.

Before administering the vaccine, your doctor will advise you on:

What complications may appear after vaccination?
What does the measles vaccine consist of, and where is it given?
When does revaccination take place?
Up to what age can you get vaccinated for free?
What are the most common side effects?
What not to do after measles vaccination.

There are routine and emergency immunizations.

When is the last one done?

It is carried out if:

Sick person in incubation period contacted other people. Everyone who may have been infected is vaccinated against measles.
The woman in labor did not get vaccinated in a timely manner. This is detected by not finding measles antibodies in her blood. In this case, the child is vaccinated in a special order. The first - a few days after birth, the second - at 8 months, the subsequent ones - taking into account the standard schedule. It provides for vaccination at 12 months and revaccination at 6-7 years (before entering school).
A woman who has not been immunized is planning a pregnancy. Vaccination should be done before it occurs.
The person is at risk. This applies to teachers, students and medical workers.
There is no proof of vaccination. In this situation, it is better to undergo prevention than to get sick later. This is especially important when traveling abroad.

Vaccination against measles for adults is carried out in two stages. The interval between them must be at least 3 months.

When carrying out the procedure, it is necessary to comply with several important rules. The vaccine is administered to the child in the subscapular area. The amount of the drug should not exceed 0.5 ml.

Where do they go for adults?

It is most convenient to do an intramuscular (subcutaneous) graft in the upper third of the shoulder. Injecting the vaccine into a vein is strictly prohibited.

The procedure for immunization epidemic indications regulated by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 125n dated March 21, 2014. It states: how measles vaccination is given to children and adults; when vaccination and revaccination is done; how many times in life should the vaccine be administered?

Preparation for the procedure

This is the stage on which the result of the entire procedure depends. The measles vaccine can only be administered healthy person. For ARVI and others infectious diseases It is not recommended to do this. Before the procedure you must pass lab tests prescribed by a doctor.

Therefore, before immunization (the date is usually known in advance), contact with infected people, stress, exposure to adverse factors (hypothermia, overheating). These factors negatively affect the state of the immune system.

Contraindications

When should you not vaccinate?

It cannot be carried out for the following reasons:

Deterioration of health due to the development of infectious and non-infectious pathologies.
Pregnancy.
Exacerbation of chronic diseases.
Allergic reaction to drugs from the antibiotic group or aminoglycosides. This is the name given to quail proteins and chicken eggs, they are part of the vaccine.
Primary immunodeficiency.
The presence of malignant neoplasms.

You should also pay attention to the compatibility of the components of the administered drug and the medications taken. The use of some of them will have to be stopped a few days before vaccination. This applies to blood products. People who have been given them cannot be vaccinated because they have a weakened immune system.

Adverse reactions

After vaccination, patients may experience side effects. Most often noted occurrence painful sensations at the injection site, lump formation and discoloration skin. These are signs of an inflammatory process.

After 5-7 days, your body temperature may rise. This symptom is not clinical manifestation pathological changes. Thus, the body fights the “invaders,” which indicates the activation of the process of producing specific antibodies.

On the 10th day after vaccination, signs of toxic effects often appear.

The following symptoms are typical for this period:

A sore throat
Skin rashes.
Intoxication.

It lasts 5-6 days. More serious complications include angioedema, joint pain, convulsive syndrome, confusion.

The patient may be diagnosed with meningitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, or anaphylactic shock. These manifestations require immediate hospitalization. They can only be stopped in a hospital setting.

Relief of condition

To relieve discomfort at home, you will need to use gels and ointments with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and absorbable effects. May be useful medicines, reducing body temperature. Painkillers will be of real benefit.

All medications must be approved by the attending physician. Otherwise, your health will worsen.

Do not rub the injection site. In the first 10 days after vaccination, you should not add new foods to the diet. You will also have to refuse to visit the bathhouse and sauna. It is better not to overuse the bath. The best option may become a shower.

Conclusion

Measles- This serious disease, which even today sometimes ends fatal. Therefore, there is no need to neglect its prevention. The time spent visiting the doctor will pay off in years of life, without the risk of contracting the RNA virus.

– airborne viral infection, children under 5 years of age are most susceptible to this disease. Older children and adults rarely get measles, but they suffer from it more severely than children.

What is the danger of measles

The infection poses a mortal danger for children due to complications from the nervous and respiratory systems: slowly progressive pathology nervous system and even disability. The frequency of such severe complications is 1 case per 1000 cases.

80% of sick children develop complications in the form of tracheitis, or, which can subsequently become chronic.

In older children frequent complications are optic neuritis or auditory nerves, .

Mortality from this infection even with timely full treatment in different years it reaches 5-10%. The disease poses the greatest danger to children in the first 5 years of life.

What does vaccination give?

From birth to 6-9 months, a child is to some extent protected from measles by maternal antibodies (if the mother has previously had measles or has been vaccinated against it). But even infants can get sick if the titer of maternal antibodies is low or the virus is highly aggressive.

Importance of measles vaccination:

Protects against infections that are dangerous for children and the complications it leads to;
prevents the occurrence of epidemics;
limits the circulation of the pathogen in the population;
the vaccine attenuated virus reduces the load on the immune system (compared to fighting the wild virus) during formation.

Vaccines used

The following vaccines can be used for vaccinations:

monovalent - live dry measles vaccine (Russia) and "Ruvax" - (France);
polyvalent vaccines (with several components): measles and (Russia); against measles, rubella, mumps (Priorix Belgium, Ervevax UK, MMR II USA);

Measles vaccine

The effectiveness of all vaccines is the same, any of them can be used, they are all safe. Moreover, they are interchangeable: if one drug was used first, then another can be administered: negative consequences it won’t and it won’t affect the efficiency.

If a child has previously had one of the infections, then you can choose a drug without this component, or you can vaccinate with a vaccine containing a component of the previous disease: this will not cause harm, the component will be destroyed by specific antibodies. This will not affect the formation of immunity against other infections.

The live viruses in the vaccine are weakened and are not dangerous for the child or unvaccinated children around him.

Vaccination calendar

According to the calendar, measles immunization is carried out for children of the following age categories:

at 1 year;
at 6 years of age;
from 15 to 17 years of age.

The first injection of the vaccine can be carried out at 9 months. in the event that the mother has never been vaccinated against measles and has not had it (that is, the baby has not received protective antibodies from the mother). Subsequent injections of the vaccine are carried out from 15 to 18 months, at 6 years and from 15 to 17 years.

If a child under 6 years of age has not received measles vaccinations for any reason, then the vaccine is administered at the first opportunity, and the second dose is administered at 6 years of age (but not earlier than six months from the first vaccination); The third vaccination is given at 15-17 years of age.

If a child over 6 years of age has not been vaccinated against measles, then, if possible, the vaccine is administered twice with an interval of 6 months, and according to the calendar - at 15-17 years of age.

The measles vaccine is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Optimal injection sites: outside surface shoulder, subscapularis or thigh.

The effectiveness of immunization when vaccinated at 9 months. – 85-90%, at one year of age – reaches 96%. Immunity is formed from the 2nd week after vaccination. The second dose of the drug is administered with the goal of providing 100% coverage of children with reliable protection against measles before starting school. The third dose is administered to maintain immunity for a longer period.

Reaction to vaccination

Reactogenicity measles vaccine very low, there are practically no complications after vaccination. Live, but significantly weakened viruses in the composition of the drug cannot cause full-fledged measles disease. During the day after the injection, there may be a slight increase in temperature, a slight thickening and mild pain at the injection site.

Depending on the individual reaction of the body, the temperature rise can reach high numbers. Fever lasts up to 4 days. Since it does not affect the formation of immunity, the child can be given antipyretics (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol) to avoid the development of febrile seizures.

Sometimes (5%-15%) post-vaccination reaction may manifest as skin rashes.

Delayed reactions to the vaccine may occur 5-15 days after injection. In this case, the symptoms resemble measles, and many parents consider the reaction to be vaccine-related measles. However, the phenomena soon disappear on their own. More often, a delayed reaction occurs after the first dose of the vaccine.

If morbilliform symptoms appear more than late period(more than 2 weeks after vaccination), then they should be regarded as measles due to unformed immunity.

Summary for parents

Parents who consider measles to be a minor childhood disease that is best dealt with during childhood should reconsider their opinion. The argument for this is the frequency of severe complications of measles, especially in young children.

Reliable protection against the disease is vaccination, which can be combined with vaccinations against other infections using polyvalent vaccines.

Parents who are afraid of complications after vaccination should know the statistics: encephalitis after vaccination develops with a frequency of 1 case per 100,000 vaccinated people and 1 case per 1000 cases of measles. That is, the risk of severe complication after vaccination is 100 times less likely than in the case of a full-fledged measles infection in a child.

Which doctor should I contact?

Before vaccination, the child must be examined by a pediatrician. He also develops an individual vaccination schedule. If necessary, parents can consult an infectious disease specialist, allergist, or immunologist.

According to statistics, half of the registered measles cases occur in adults. This is due to the fact that with age, immunity from the disease is lost. Today, the issue of vaccinating adults against measles is extremely relevant, since several outbreaks of this infection have been registered in Russian regions since 2014.

When do adults need a measles vaccine?

Measles affects unvaccinated people of any age group. If previously this disease was known mainly as a childhood disease, last years it began to “grow up.” There are especially many sick adults in border areas, where the disease is brought from other countries.

Do adults get vaccinated against measles? Since immunity to this virus weakens with age, our country provides for routine vaccination of all people under 35 years of age who did not have measles in childhood and do not have data on vaccinations.

This vaccination is especially relevant for those who were not vaccinated in childhood and did not suffer from this disease.

At risk of infection are people working in clinics, universities, schools and other institutions whose work involves contact with a large number of children and adolescents. As part of routine vaccination or if contact with a sick person is suspected, vaccination is given free of charge. People over 35 years old pay for the service.

Where can an adult get a measles vaccination? Vaccination is carried out in a clinic or private medical facility.

How do you know if you need to get vaccinated against measles? If you do not have documents about the vaccination and are unsure about the advisability of getting it, you can donate blood to check for antibodies to the virus. If there is a sufficient titer of protective cells in the blood, there is no need for vaccination. However, even if the vaccination is done unnecessarily, it is not dangerous and has no health consequences. Existing protective bodies will destroy the administered vaccine.

Which measles vaccine is best for adults?

When vaccinating adults, mono- and combined vaccines can be used.

For adults, it is better to use the live measles vaccine (LMV). If the budget does not include extra money for the vaccine, then good choice There will be a Russian-made mono-vaccine.

Measles vaccination schedule for adults

For preventive purposes, vaccination of adults has the following scheme:

Vaccination against measles includes two stages.
The second vaccination is given 3 months after the first.
Revaccination is carried out 10 years after checking the titer of antibodies to measles. If there is no immunity to the disease, then the vaccination must be repeated.

Important! People under 25 years of age who have been in contact with a sick person need to be vaccinated no later than three days after contact. The likelihood of the disease is high in those who have not had measles and have not been vaccinated or have been vaccinated once.

Measles vaccination: what adults need to remember

Any vaccinations are given during the period of remission of diseases.
It is advisable to vaccinate while taking antihistamines.
For people with allergies, vaccination must be carried out under the supervision of a doctor in a medical institution where it is possible to provide all the necessary emergency measures.

Almost all contraindications to vaccination are temporary and after they are eliminated, you can get vaccinated. The absolute medical outlets are:

allergic reactions;
AIDS;
oncological diseases.

If you're unsure whether an adult should get the measles vaccine, here are some facts about the disease:

For an unvaccinated person, the probability of infection reaches almost 100%.
In adults, the disease is more severe than in children: there is sleep disturbance, vomiting, a profuse rash, and all lymph nodes become enlarged.
The duration of the disease in an adult is longer than in a child.
Measles encephalitis develops in adults 5-10 times more often than in children.
Complications after vaccination are rare.

Today there is a widespread belief that vaccinations are only needed in childhood. This is not true: the need for vaccination does not end at age 18. Experience shows that some vaccines, including measles, do not provide a person with immunity for life and need to be repeated.

Lyubov Maslikhova, general practitioner, especially for the site