What is dextrose? Composition and application. Dextrose - where the substance is used What is dextrose
Posted by Sept. online
Dextrose is a simple sugar often called glucose. In order for the body to use carbohydrates as a source of energy, most of them are converted into glucose or other similar sugars. Dextrose is an essential nutrient for the body because the central nervous system works exclusively on it. Dextrose is quickly absorbed, serves as a valuable source of energy and accelerates the body's recovery after physical activity.
Where does dextrose come from?
Dextrose is widely distributed in nature. Plants produce it during photosynthesis, and in animals it is formed by breaking down more complex carbohydrates. Synthetic glucose is also relatively easy to obtain from starches in grains such as wheat, corn and rice.Benefits of Dextrose
The main benefit of dextrose is that it is absorbed very quickly and stimulates the release of insulin. Fast absorption provides a quick supply of energy, which is important for bodybuilders and athletes.Effect of Dextrose on Endurance
Taking dextrose or other similar sugars before and during physical activity supports high level glycogen in muscles. This increases the amount available energy and delays fatigue. Scientific research showed that subjects who received a glucose solution had higher blood sugar levels and significantly increased endurance compared to individuals who received only water ( Campbelletal, 2008). Experimental comparisons of different sugars have shown that glucose is superior to some other sugars, such as ribose ( Dunneetal, 2006).Effect of Dextrose on Recovery
Prolonged periods of intense exercise deplete muscle glycogen stores. If you take simple sugars such as dextrose after exercise, Glycogen loss is restored 237% faster, than without the intake of sugars. This effect is enhanced when sugars are combined with proteins ( Zawadzkietal, 1992). It means that protein shakes containing simple sugars are excellent for recovery.Effect of Dextrose on Creatine Absorption
Creatine has been proven to effectively increase muscle mass and strength. Dextrose improves creatine absorption muscle cells and increases its effectiveness by stimulating insulin release ( Greenwoodtal, 2003). Simply put, creatine works best when taken along with dextrose.Safety and side effects of dextrose
Dextrose itself has no side effects. It is completely non-toxic and is an important component of nutrition, it is necessary for the body and is suitable for all people. However, overuse may cause some problems. Taking too much dextrose increases your risk of obesity, diabetes and heart disease, and can cause digestive problems in some athletes. However, as discussed above, strategically planned intake of dextrose and other sugars has a beneficial effect on performance. The main rule here is moderation.One of the disadvantages of dextrose is that it cannot provide the body with energy for a long time due to too rapid absorption. To overcome this deficiency, a constant supply of dextrose to the body is necessary. Alternatively, more complex carbohydrate sources, such as waxy corn starch, may serve.
Dextrose Supplements
Dextrose is available to us both in pure form, and as part of carbohydrate mixtures. Thanks to its wide variety beneficial properties Dextrose is found in some protein powders, creatine supplements, pre-workout supplements, sports drinks, and other sports products. It is important to remember that dextrose is another name for glucose. If you are looking for it in a product, look for both names.Combinations with other ingredients
Glucose works more effectively when combined with other ingredients. For example, a combination of dextrose with more complex carbohydrates will provide both a rapid supply of energy and its slow release. Dextrose works great with protein in post-workout shakes ( gainers). Finally, when mixed with creatine, it increases its effect on the growth of strength and muscle mass.
When a person is born, he grows, develops and is formed physically and as a person. During constant development, everyone needs energy for movement and action. Its supply is especially necessary for small children, schoolchildren, students during exams, sick people for the purpose of recovery. We get energy from foods or medications.
Energy sources
The main energy-consuming element for us is carbohydrate. There are many carbohydrates in nature, they are as follows:
- monosaccharides - consisting of one molecule;
- disaccharides - complex, consisting of two molecules, for example, regular sugar or milk;
- polysaccharides - carbohydrates with complex compounds of several molecules, for example, starch, cellulose and others.
The most beneficial for the human body are monosaccharides, dextrose.
Dextrose - what is it?
This source of energy is absorbed immediately into oral cavity and does not require time to be digested, while others undergo a process in the intestines, and there they require water, time and enzymes. Dextrose - what is it? To find out the answer, you need to look at its definition. This organic compound, otherwise called glucose. Appearance This monosaccharide is a purified white powder, crystalline in structure. The full name of this carbohydrate is dextrose monohydrate. It is a natural substance, obtained from starch.
What is dextrose used for?
Our body is very complex. There are many chemical reactions going on inside us that involve dextrose. This element is the only supplier of fast energy to the body, which is transported through the bloodstream to all cells, organs of the body and the brain. For those who have no idea what dextrose is, it is important to know that it is actively involved in brain function, muscle contraction, heart function and body systems, and also helps in generating heat. In addition, it is often used in medicine for intoxication of the body. Glucose as a drug is used as a rehydrating agent when a person is dehydrated, and also has a plasma-substituting effect. The drug is administered intravenously as a bolus or drip to a person who needs dextrose. It only harms those who have diabetes or hyperglycemia. In addition to these two main diseases, glucose is not recommended for edema, intolerance to the drug and Treatment using this drug should only occur in a medical institution.
Application of glucose in various industrial fields
Many people also know glucose under the name “food dextrose”. Indeed, it is actively used not only in medicine, but also in Food Industry. Here it is used as a taste regulator and as a means to ensure the presentation of products. In fact, many of the products we buy contain dextrose. It, like regular sugar, has preservative properties, therefore it is used in the meat processing industry of the food industry. Due to its ability not to overshadow the basic taste and smell, dextrose is used to make alcoholic and non-alcoholic products, ice cream, and canned fruits. It is available in frozen fruit sets. By adding the substance to bread dough, the result is good yeast fermentation, a beautiful brown-golden crust, excellent taste and uniform porosity throughout the product. This product is also widely used in the preparation of confectionery products.
In the medical industry, dextrose is used not only in drugs (antibiotics, vitamins and others), it is the basic medium for growing microorganisms in laboratories. In dermatology, it is also indispensable, as it functions as a skin restorer.
Few people know that the substance is also used in the textile industry. It helps produce a very pleasant, natural and soft cloth- viscose.
Proper Use of Dextrose
This substance is very useful if used wisely. For those who do not know dextrose - what it is and how to use it, using the substance in food can be harmful and harm the body. There is a clear daily norm in d-glucose - 120-140 grams. The main consumer of the substance is our brain. If you eat or drink the norm at one time, this will lead to a sharp release of insulin, which has a very bad effect on the condition of our blood vessels. In addition, our pancreas will react negatively. Taking this into account, dextrose should be taken in portions - 5-6 times a day, together with other nutrients, for example, fats, fiber, proteins. If you use glucose correctly, it will bring much more benefits than other types of substances and microelements.
Registration number:
Trade name of the drug: Dextrose solution for infusion 5%, 10%
International generic name(INN): dextrose
Chemical name: D-glucose
Dosage form: solution for infusion
Compound: for one bottle:
Description: transparent colorless liquid.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Carbohydrate food.
ATX code BO5BA03
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics
Participates in various metabolic processes in the body, enhances redox processes in the body, improves the antitoxic function of the liver. Infusion of dextrose solutions partially compensates for the water deficiency. Dextrose, entering tissues, is phosphorylated, turning into glucose-6-phosphate, which is actively involved in many parts of the body's metabolism. It is completely absorbed by the body and is not excreted by the kidneys (appearance in urine is a pathological sign).
An isotonic 5% dextrose solution has a detoxifying, metabolic effect and is a source of valuable, easily digestible nutrient. When glucose is metabolized in tissues, a significant amount of energy is released, which is necessary for the functioning of the body.
Hypertonic 10% glucose solution increases blood osmotic pressure and improves metabolism; increases myocardial contractility; improves the antitoxic function of the liver, dilates blood vessels, increases diuresis.
Indications for use
Hypoglycemia, carbohydrate deficiency, toxic infection, intoxication due to liver diseases (hepatitis, liver dystrophy and atrophy, including liver failure), hemorrhagic diathesis; dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea, postoperative period); intoxication; collapse, shock. Used as a component of various blood replacement and anti-shock fluids; for the preparation of drug solutions for intravenous administration.
Contraindications
Hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity, hyperlactic acidemia, hyperhydration, postoperative disorders of glucose utilization; cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, acute left ventricular failure, hyperosmolar coma.
Carefully
Decompensated heart failure, chronic renal failure (oligo-, anuria), hyponatremia, diabetes mellitus
Directions for use and doses
A 5% solution is administered intravenously with maximum speed up to 7 ml (150 drops)/min (400 ml/h); maximum daily dose for adults - 2000 ml. A 10% solution is administered at a maximum speed of up to 3 ml (60 drops)/min; the maximum daily dose for adults is 1000 ml.
IV stream - 10-50 ml of 10% solution.
When used for parenteral nutrition in adults with normal metabolism, the daily dose of administered dextrose should not exceed 4-6 g/kg/day, i.e. about 250-450 g/day (with a decrease in metabolic rate, the daily dose is reduced to 200-300 g), while the volume of administered fluid is 30-40 ml/kg/day. Rate of administration: in a normal metabolic state, the maximum rate of administration for adults is 0.25-0.5 g/kg/h (with a decrease in metabolic rate, the rate of administration is reduced to 0.125-0.25 g/kg/h).
For parenteral nutrition, along with fats and amino acids, children are given 6 g of dextrose/kg/day on the first day, subsequently up to 15 g/kg/day. When calculating the dose of dextrose when administering 5% and 10% solutions, it is necessary to take into account the permissible volume of injected liquid: for children weighing 2-10 kg - 100-165 ml/kg/day, children weighing 10-40 kg - 45-100 ml/kg/day The rate of administration should not exceed 0.75 g/kg/hour.
For more complete absorption of dextrose introduced into large doses, at the same time insulin is prescribed at the rate of 1 unit of insulin per 4-5 g of dextrose. Sick diabetes mellitus Dextrose is administered under the control of its content in the blood and urine.
Side effect
Water-electrolyte imbalance, hyperglycemia, fever, hypervolemia, acute left ventricular failure.
Local reactions
: development of infection, thrombophlebitis.
Overdose
Symptoms: hyperglycemia, glucosuria, water and electrolyte imbalance.
Treatment: stop administering the glucose solution, administer insulin; symptomatic therapy.
Interaction
When combined with other drugs, it is necessary to visually monitor pharmaceutical compatibility.
special instructions
For more complete absorption of dextrose, administered in large doses, insulin is prescribed simultaneously with it at the rate of 1 unit of insulin per 4-5 g of dextrose.
Release form
Solution for infusion, 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml.
100 ml in bottles or glass bottles with a capacity of 100 ml.
1 bottle along with instructions for use in a cardboard box or 10 bottles along with instructions for use in a cardboard box (packaging for hospitals).
Storage conditions
In a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature of 5 to 20°C.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date
3 years. Do not use after expiration date.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
By doctor's prescription.
Manufacturer/address for filing complaints
ABOLmed LLC, Russia.
Legal address:
Manufacturer's address:
630071, Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Leninsky district, st. Dukach, 4.
Dextrose: instructions for use and reviews
Latin name: Dextrose
ATX code: B05BA03
Active substance: Dextrose
Manufacturer: ABOLmed (Russia)
Updating the description and photo: 12.07.2018
Dextrose is a means of carbohydrate nutrition.
Release form and composition
- Isotonic solution for infusion Dextrose 5%: transparent, colorless (100 ml in bottles or vials, 1 bottle in a cardboard box);
- Hypertonic solution for infusion Dextrose 10%: transparent, colorless (100 ml bottles or vials, 1 bottle in a cardboard box).
Active ingredient: dextrose, 5 or 10 g per 100 ml solution.
Excipients: hydrochloric acid solution, water for injection.
Pharmacological properties
The drug has a metabolic and detoxification effect.
Pharmacodynamics
The drug is an isotonic solution of dextrose, which in the body is converted into the form of glucose-6-phosphate. The substance participates in various metabolic processes in the body, accelerates redox reactions, and improves the liver’s ability to fight toxins. The use of the solution helps to increase the osmotic pressure of urine and blood. Dextrose also increases myocardial contractility, enhances diuresis and has a volemic, vasodilating and detoxification effect.
Pharmacokinetics
The absorption rate of dextrose is quite high, and it is completely metabolized in the liver. The substance is not eliminated (its detection in urine is considered a sign of pathology).
Indications for use
- Insufficient carbohydrate nutrition;
- Hypoglycemia;
- Toxic infection;
- Intoxication;
- Dehydration (due to diarrhea, vomiting, in the postoperative period);
- Intoxication due to liver diseases (hepatitis, liver atrophy and dystrophy, including liver failure);
- Collapse;
- Hemorrhagic diathesis;
Dextrose is also used to prepare solutions of medicines for intravenous administration, is used as a component of various anti-shock and blood-substituting fluids.
Contraindications
Absolute:
- Pulmonary edema;
- Overhydration;
- Hyperglycemia;
- Hyperosmolar coma;
- Hyperlactic acidemia;
- Brain swelling;
- Postoperative disorders of glucose utilization;
- Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Relative:
- Hyponatremia;
- Decompensated heart failure;
- Diabetes;
- Chronic renal failure (oliguria, anuria).
Instructions for use of Dextrose: method and dosage
According to the instructions, Dextrose is intended for intravenous administration, drip or jet.
A 5% solution is administered dropwise at a rate of no more than 7 ml/minute (400 ml per hour) in a daily dose for adults of up to 2000 ml; 10% solution - at a rate of no more than 3 ml/minute in a daily dose for adults up to 1000 ml.
10-50 ml of a 10% solution are prescribed in a stream.
When prescribing parenteral nutrition to adult patients with normal metabolism, the maximum permissible daily dose of Dextrose is no more than 4-6 g/kg (i.e. approximately 250-450 g/day), the drug is administered at a rate of 0.25-0.5 g /kg/hour. If the metabolic rate decreases, the dose is reduced to 200-300 g and administered at a rate of 0.125-0.25 g/kg/hour. The daily volume of fluid administered should be 30-40 ml/kg.
Dextrose is administered to children as parenteral nutrition (along with fats and amino acids): on the first day - 6 g/kg/day, then up to 15 g/kg/day. When calculating the dose of the drug when administering 5% and 10% solutions, it is necessary to take into account the permissible daily volume of administered fluid: children weighing 2-10 kg - 100-165 ml/kg, children weighing 10-40 kg - 45-100 ml/kg . The maximum permissible rate of administration is 0.75 g/kg/hour.
Side effects
- Fever;
- Violation of water and electrolyte balance;
- Hypervolemia;
- Hyperglycemia;
- Acute left ventricular failure;
- Local reactions: thrombophlebitis, infection.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include disturbances in water and electrolyte balance, glucosuria, and hyperglycemia. In this case, it is necessary to stop administering the glucose solution and replace it with insulin. Symptomatic therapy is also effective.
special instructions
For patients with diabetes mellitus, dextrose should be administered under the control of its content in the urine and blood.
For good absorption of dextrose administered in large doses, insulin can be prescribed at the same time: 1 unit per 4-5 g of dextrose.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy and lactation, 5% and 10% Dextrose solutions for infusion are allowed to be used according to indications.
Use in childhood
The use of the drug in children is possible with strict adherence to the dosage regimen.
For impaired renal function
The drug is used with caution in chronic renal failure(oliguria and anuria).
Drug interactions
In cases where Dextrose is combined with other drugs, it is necessary to visually monitor their pharmaceutical compatibility.
Analogs
Analogs of Dextrose are: Dextrose-Vial, Glucose, Glucose-Eskom, Glucose Bufus, Glucose-Vial.
Terms and conditions of storage
Store at a temperature of 5-20 ºС in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children.
Shelf life – 3 years.
Dextrose is medicinal product which is introduced into the body parenterally. Let's read the instructions for use in more detail.
What is the composition and release form of Dextrose?
The product is presented as a solution that is used intravenously. It is placed in bottles or plastic containers. You can buy it without a prescription. You can see the expiration date on the container, as well as the manufacturing time of the drug.
What is the effect of Dextrose?
The drug Dextrose is considered a plasma-substituting, detoxifying agent; in addition, the drug has a metabolic and hydrating effect, providing the necessary energy metabolism. The medication is aimed at maintaining the volume of circulating plasma.
An isotonic solution is able to replenish the volume of lost fluid, hypertonic solution increases the release of so-called tissue fluid directly into the vascular bed, increases diuresis, and also promotes the elimination of toxic compounds.
Dextrose is involved in metabolic processes, enhances redox processes, and also improves antitoxic liver function. Entering the tissues, the drug is phosphorylated, resulting in the formation of glucose-6-phosphate, which is actively involved in many metabolic processes of the body.
What are the indications for use of Dextrose?
The drug Dextrose can be used in the following cases, which should be listed:
In the presence of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar);
In case of insufficient carbohydrate nutrition;
In the presence of toxic infection;
In case of liver pathology accompanied by intoxication, such as hepatitis, dystrophic processes of this organ, with its atrophy, as well as with liver failure;
A remedy is prescribed for hemorrhagic diathesis;
With severe dehydration, for example, with severe vomiting, in the presence of loose stool, in addition, in the postoperative period;
In shock and collaptoid state;
The product is used as a component of blood-substituting fluids.
In addition, Dextrose is used to dilute certain medications intended for intravenous use.
What are the contraindications for use of Dextrose?
Dextrose is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to it, hyperglycemia, pulmonary and cerebral edema, diabetes mellitus, hyperosmolar coma, with hyperlactic acidemia and overhydration, in addition, with postoperative impairment of the so-called glucose utilization. The drug is used with caution for hyponatremia, as well as for decompensated heart failure.
What are the uses and dosage of Dextrose?
The drug Dextrose is administered intravenously, and the drug is prescribed by drip, a 5% solution is recommended to be administered at a maximum speed of seven milliliters per minute, while the maximum daily dosage should not exceed two liters.
Dextrose 10% is administered intravenously at a rate of up to sixty drops per minute, while a maximum of one liter of solution with this concentration can be infused into the patient per day.
For patients suffering from diabetes, it is recommended that this drug be administered under direct monitoring of blood and urine sugar. If this indicator increases, it is recommended to stop using the product.
What are the side effects of Dextrose?
The use of Dextrose may cause the following: side effects: the patient may experience fever, inflammation of the soft tissues at the injection site may occur medicine In addition, the development of thrombosis or thrombophlebitis cannot be ruled out, which is most often explained by a violation of asepsis during the direct preparation of the solution or the technique of administering the medication.
In addition, hypervolemia (an increase in the volume of circulating fluid) may develop; in a more severe situation, left ventricular failure is noted, which occurs through acute type. If undesirable manifestations are severe, you should consult a qualified specialist.
Overdose of Dextrose
An overdose of Dextrose can cause an increase in the volume of circulating blood, which will lead to disruption of the heart. In this case, the patient is given the necessary symptomatic treatment.
special instructions
For complete, as well as for faster absorption of the drug Dextrose by the body, it is recommended to simultaneously administer 4-5 units of insulin using a subcutaneous injection, at the rate of 1 unit per 4 grams of dextrose.
When combining this solution with other medications, it is necessary to monitor their compatibility, since sometimes invisible therapeutic incompatibility of drugs is possible.
What are Dextrose's analogues?
Analogue drugs include the following drugs: Glucose Bieffe, Glucose, in addition, Glucosteril, Glucose Brown, Dextrose monohydrate, and Dextrose-Vial.
Conclusion
We talked about the drug Dextrose. Instructions for use of the drug indicate its contraindications! The drug must be used on the recommendation of the treating doctor, based on the indications for use.