What is the best medicine for worms for humans? Treatment and prevention of helminths with anthelmintics for humans

Anthelmintics should be selected by a specialist

It is worth noting that modern antihelminthic drugs with a wide spectrum of action are not only highly effective, but also safe. If you strictly follow the instructions, of course. Today, doctors can choose an effective remedy for worms from a dozen drugs.

Types of helminths

All worms in humans are divided into several groups. Because they all have general signs, respectively, and effective medicine from worms certain group will be the same.

Another eternal enemy of babies is pinworms. This does not mean that adults do not encounter them, it just happens much less often. Here too good remedy protection – compliance with personal hygiene rules. However, it will not help; if an infection occurs, you will have to select another medicine for worms.

Existing groups of helminths:

cestodes;
nematodes;
trematodes.

Anti-worm drugs are usually active against a specific group. At the same time, when choosing how to treat a person, it is important to take into account not only the type of pest, but also indicators such as the patient’s age, his state of health, and possible allergic reactions.

For example, deworming medications should not be taken if you have intestinal infections. Also contraindicated are viral and infectious diseases. It is difficult for pregnant women, since almost all drugs are prohibited for them. The same applies to women who are breastfeeding. Here, under no circumstances should you engage in amateur activities - good specialist can easily cure a woman in an interesting situation by selecting an anthelmintic drug that will kill pests without any consequences for mother and baby.

It should also be remembered that the remedy for worms in adults is not suitable for children. Important role The age and weight of the child plays a role, depending on this, appropriate anti-worm medications are selected for him.

The medicine is selected very carefully

How to drink the products correctly?

Anthelmintic drugs are harmless to humans if taken correctly. The problem is that if the dosage is exceeded, they become toxic and cause symptoms of poisoning, and in a fairly severe form. That is why it is so important to follow all instructions.

Another complication is that anthelmintics have low activity against pest larvae and eggs. At the same time, they destroy adult individuals very well. Therefore, in most cases, the doctor prescribes taking a second course of medication in order to completely remove worms from a person. This usually needs to be done after two weeks.

Prevention

It raises a lot of questions. The problem is that anthelmintics do not add health to a person. As mentioned above, they are toxic, and if, if the dosage is observed, they are harmless to humans, this does not mean that you can safely take them every month or even six months. Again, in most cases, anthelmintic drugs destroy only adult individuals, while the eggs remain, so the meaning of prevention is lost. Let's say with confidence that the best remedy from worms in this case means strict adherence to hygiene rules.

The best remedy for worms in this case is strict adherence to hygiene rules

life in rural areas;
travel to exotic countries;
being in a closed group;
working with soil;
fishing and hunting are on the list of favorite activities;
having pets, especially those that go outside.

The last point is especially important, because pets bring many pests from the street on their fur that can be dangerous to people.

Treatment of worms should always be carried out not only in family members, but also in pets - all at the same time. Naturally, animals need their own anti-helminth medications; they are selected by a veterinarian.

Against nematodes

They are roundworms, very common in humans. Most of all, this applies to pinworms and roundworms, which, as mentioned above, accompany a person throughout childhood, and then periodically appear in his life.

Treatment of worms should always be carried out not only in family members, but also in pets

The following will help you cope with nematodes:

"Vormil";
"Hemodol";
"Albendazole";
"Vermox";
"Nemozol";
"Pyrantol";
"Kombantrin";
"Pyrkon".

Against cestodes

"Albendazole";
"Mepakrine";
"Niclosamide."

Against trematodes

The class of flatworms is simply incredibly diverse, but the list of medications for them is not very long:

"Chloxyl";
"Pyrchlorethylene";
"Bithionol";
"Praziquantel";
"Cysticide";
"Azinox".

Drugs with a wide spectrum of activity

"Prasiquental";
"Pyrantel";
"Mebendazole".

How do the drugs work?

As you can see, there are numerous antihelminthic agents; all that remains is to choose from them the one that is suitable for a particular case. Medicine for worms for humans can be of domestic or foreign origin, but they all have their own mechanisms of action, which are determined by the active substance.

The best anthelmintic drug is determined based on the experience of using it in patients. Therefore, it cannot be said that the drug that occupies the first line of the top will absolutely help each specific person. However, the probability is still high. Let’s see which drugs for humans deserve the title “best”.

"Helmintox"

This remedy for worms in adults and children helps to effectively fight pinworms and roundworms. The dosage is determined by the doctor, but usually adults need up to 8 tablets. For children, a suspension of the same name has been developed, to which a special measuring spoon must be attached. With its help, the required dose of medication is calculated.

The drug "Helmintox"

It is important to note that the destruction of worms in the human body is as important as the procedure for their removal. Dead individuals are no less dangerous than living ones, therefore for successful treatment helminthic infestations You must strictly adhere to all the doctor’s recommendations and prescriptions.

Anti-worm tablets: mechanism of action

Pyrantel for worms

You need to take Pirantel for 1 to 3 days. So, for ascariasis, the doctor prescribes Pyrantel at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. For necatoriasis, 10 mg/kg is prescribed for 3 days. Pyrantel is a low-toxic medicine for worms, the price of which is quite affordable in comparison with other drugs. The main contraindications for use are pregnancy and lactation. With a single dose of Pirantel, the second tablet must be taken after 10 days, since this drug does not act on worm larvae, but only on adults.

Decaris for worms

Available in tablet form for oral administration. Decaris is prescribed by a doctor once before bedtime, 0.15 g for an adult. For children, the drug is prescribed at a rate of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. After taking the drug, you need to monitor leukocytes in the blood, so your doctor should prescribe biochemical analysis blood. This drug It is well tolerated by patients, but in some cases nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may occur.

Wormil for worms

Mebendazole for worms

Mebendazole – anthelmintic medicinal product wide spectrum of action. Mebendazole is one of the most effective drugs used for infections caused by intestinal nematodes. This drug is effective in the treatment of ascariasis, trichocephaliasis, enterobiasis, strongyloidiasis. Tablets for worms - Mebendazole is often prescribed for mixed helminthic infestations. Mebendazole is administered orally.

Drontal for Pets is sold separately for cats and dogs. This drug is effective against round and tapeworms. Drontal can be used for prevention, 1 tablet once every six months. To treat worms in cats or dogs, use 1 tablet per 4 kg of body weight. For dogs: 1 tablet per 10 kg of dog's body. Drontal is not used to treat people.

Dirofen against worms for cats and dogs

Dirofen – anthelmintic drug, used in veterinary medicine. Used to treat worms in cats and dogs. Effective in relation to both cestodes and nematodes. Use once with food. 1 tablet of the drug is designed for 5 kg of weight. In cases of severe infestation, re-appointment is carried out after 10 days.

Anti-worm treatment for animals

Kanikvantel is used for helminthic infestations in cats and dogs. Effective against trematodes, nematodes, cestodes. This drug is given to the animal along with food at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of animal weight. Kanikquantel can be given to puppies and kittens, but after 3 weeks after birth.

Anthelmintic drugs for the treatment of worms in cats or dogs are strictly prohibited for humans.

Prevention of worms for adults and children

To prevent helminthic infestation, first of all, you need to follow simple rules hygiene. Doctors also recommend using deworming tablets once every six months, the price of which depends on the name of the drug, as well as the manufacturer’s company. Basic hygiene rules include:

Wash your hands regularly, especially before eating and after going outside.
Process vegetables and fruits thoroughly before consuming them.
Petting street animals is prohibited.
If there is a pet (cat, dog) in the house, prevention of helminthic infestation should be carried out every six months, and all family members, including animals, should take medications.

Sticking to elementary rules, you can protect yourself and your family from infection with worms. When treating helminthic infestations, you need to remember that these diseases can manifest themselves repeatedly, so it is very important to complete the full course of treatment, find good pills from worms, which should be prescribed by a doctor.

“Wash your hands before eating!”, “Don’t drink raw water!”, “Wash fruits and vegetables before serving!” - these rules of personal hygiene are familiar to us from early childhood. Why are they so important? The answer is simple - without following them, a person can become infected with worms, which are very difficult to remove.

Worms are quite common, and there are more than 20 types of them.

In our article we will tell you which deworming tablets are best for humans, so that prevention or treatment is effective.

How to choose good deworming tablets?

All currently existing helminths are divided into three large classes:

nematodes (roundworms);
trematodes (flatworms);
cestodes (tapeworms).

Therefore, to select best pills for worms for humans, before starting treatment, it is necessary to determine the type of helminth, i.e. its belonging to one or another class listed above. For this purpose, specific analyzes are carried out.

In total, about 100 species of helminths are known that can have Negative influence on the gastrointestinal tract. IN small intestine usually justified:

wide tape;
hookworms;
roundworms;
dwarf tapeworm;
pinworms;
whipworm

How do these drugs work?

These are chemotherapeutic drugs that exert their effect on the biological structures of worms and biochemical processes in their tissues:

Disrupts the functioning of helminth intestinal canal cells (albendazole).
Persistently disrupt the absorption of glucose by helminth cells, causing their death (mebendazole).
Combined action: paralyzes helminths and disrupts biochemical processes in their cells (levamisole).
Block the transmission of nerve impulses to muscle cells and cause persistent paralysis of the helminth, after which it is eliminated from the body with feces. This is how pyrantel, piperazine, and praziquantel work.

Any medications, especially for tapeworms and flatworms, should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor. Anthelmintic drugs are very toxic, the use of which must be strictly observed in the dosage depending on the patient’s weight, and maintenance therapy must be carried out in a hospital setting.

Medicines for nematodes or roundworms

Here is a list of good drugs:

Levamisole - Dekaris (70-90 rubles).
Piperazine 10-30 rub.
Pyrvinium embonate - Pyrkon, Pyrivinium, Vanquin.
Carbendacim - Medamin.
Mebendazole - Vermox 90 rub. Vormin 20 rub., Vero-Mebendazole, Vermakar, Mebex, Thermox.
Albendazole - Nemozol (price 120-150 rubles), Vormil, Gelmodol-VM - suspensions, chewable tablets.
- Helmintox (80-120 rub.), Nemotsid, Kombantrin, Pirantel (30-50 rub.).

If nematodes live outside the intestine, other means are used:

Ivermek (baymek, ivomek).
Ditrazine citrate.

Medicines for cestodes or tapeworms

Representatives of tapeworms are echinococcosis, coenurosis, taeniasis, taeniasis, cysticercosis. The following tablets are used to treat these worms:

Albendazole - Nemozol is effective both against nematodes and mixed helminthic infestations, echinococci, giardiasis, neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium in its larval form.
Mepacrine - Akrikhin invasion by bovine, dwarf tapeworm, broad tapeworm, with giardiasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, malaria.
Niclosamide - Phenasal, used for intestinal tapeworms.

Tablets against helminths of flukes or trematodes, flatworms

Helminthiases of this broad class include opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis, cercariasis, schistosomiasis, eurythremosis and many other diseases. In this case, use the following deworming tablets:

Praziquantel - Biltricide (price 6 tablets about 400 rubles) Cesol, Cysticide.
Chloxyl and Bithionol- used against extraintestinal trematodes.
Perchlorethylene - against intestinal trematodes.
Azinox is a broad-spectrum drug, these are tablets against many types of worms.

What tablets are best for prevention of worms?

Proponents of preventive treatment with drugs do not at all propose to use medications left and right. They note cases where the use of deworming medication may be justified despite the absence of laboratory tests.

In general, the main indications for the prevention of worms with tablets are formulated:

there is contact with pets;
regular contact with the soil (farm workers, children playing in the sandbox);
travel to exotic countries;
hobbies related to fishing, hunting, beach sports;
the presence of children and adults in close, closed groups.

Some doctors claim that even if no one in the family is sick, and no signs of worms are found, taking Pirantel twice a year for prevention will not hurt (the dosage is checked with a specialist).

Wormil

A drug based on levamisole hydrochloride, a substance that has active action against roundworms, pinworms, hookworms and other representatives of nematodes. A single dose of medication for an adult is 150 mg.

It is recommended to take the tablet once after a meal; the procedure should be repeated if necessary after 1-2 weeks. As side effects may cause headache, nausea, indigestion, skin rash. Decaris is not used in the treatment of helminthiasis in children under 3 years of age.

Deworming tablets are used in medicine for different forms helminthic infestations. They have two spectrums of action - broad and narrow, selective.

Modern pharmaceutical industry offers the consumer the safest and most effective means in case of specific helminthiasis at an adequate price.

What are the medications for worms?

So, there are the following types of drugs:

antinematodes;
anticestodiasis;
anti-trematodes.

Modern anthelmintic drugs

Let's look at which drugs are currently recognized as the most effective.

Antinematode drugs

Experts include the following in the list of medications effective against roundworms:

Piperazine absorption occurs in the mucous membrane duodenum, and then the metabolites of the drug are excreted from the body by the kidneys. The drug is practically non-toxic to humans and is the rare case when it can be used during pregnancy.

Let's consider what dosages of Piperazine are prescribed by specialists depending on the age of the patient.

The duration of the treatment course directly depends on the type of helminthiasis. With enterobiasis, it is limited to two days, in the case of ascariasis - five. The medicine is taken 2 times a day in the morning and evening hours. If all conditions for deworming are met, side effects are formed extremely rarely.

The cost of Piperazine in Russia is 31 rubles, in Ukraine - 10 hryvnia.

The drug is contraindicated for pregnant and nursing mothers.

The cost of Pirantel in Russia is 50-70 rubles, in Ukraine 30 hryvnia.

For adolescents and adults, a single dosage of the drug is 200 mg. To destroy nematodes - pinworms and roundworms, the medicine is taken only 1 time. Children are shown a smaller amount of Mebendazole - from 25 to 50 mg, depending on the age of the child.

Vanquin is generally well tolerated by the human body, but sometimes causes problems such as nausea and abdominal pain. During treatment, the patient's feces may turn red, which is not a pathology.

Vanquin should not be used for gastrointestinal diseases, problems with the functioning of the liver and kidneys. The use of the drug is limited due to its narrow spectrum of action. Approved for pregnant women due to low toxicity compared to broad-spectrum drugs.

Cost in Russian pharmacies about 90 rubles, in Ukrainian the price is unknown.

Carbendacim (Medamin). This potent drug has many similarities with mebendazole both in structural structure, and according to the mechanism of action. But what distinguishes it is the absence of benzene group components. The product is a broad-spectrum medicine that is highly effective against nematodes.

The dosage is calculated using the formula 10 mg per kg of patient weight. The daily amount of the drug is divided into three parts, taking them at equal intervals. The tablets must be chewed before swallowing.

Side effects of Carbendacim include nausea, headache and allergies.

The drug is contraindicated for expectant and nursing mothers.

The cost of Carbendatsim and its analog Medamim in Russia is 60-70 rubles. Not implemented in Ukraine.

Anticestodoses

The drug is taken on an empty stomach, after drinking half a glass of warm water with ½ teaspoon baking soda. After 2 hours, a semi-liquid diet based on cereals, jelly and purees is allowed.

In most cases, Fenasal should be taken once in the morning for 4 days. Only for hymenolepiasis, the drug is taken 4 times every 2 hours.

The price of Fenasal in Russia varies within 100 rubles per package, in Ukraine - 44 hryvnia.

Antitrematodoses

Chloxyl. Indications for its use are clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis and fascioliasis. The effectiveness of Khloksil in relation to trematodes cannot be called 100%, therefore, when systemic diseases and the presence of contraindications, the drug is not prescribed.

The drug provokes serious side effects in the form of hepatomegaly, proteinuria, disruptions in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, disorders of the hematopoietic organs, therefore it is not prescribed to children, pregnant and lactating women.

In Russia, the product costs from 350 to 500 rubles, in Ukraine about 250 hryvnia.

In Russia, Praziquantel costs about 400 rubles, in Ukraine - 322 hryvnia.

Broad spectrum tablets

These drugs work against all groups of helminthiases. Let's take a closer look at them.

A medication effective against enterobiasis, ascariasis, hookworm disease, taeniasis and trichocephalosis. To combat nematodes, a 3-day treatment course is sufficient, with Vermox taken 2 times a day.

Side effects of Vermox include nausea, headaches, and hepatomegaly. The drug is contraindicated for nursing and expectant mothers, as well as for persons with liver disease.

In Russian pharmacies, Vermox can be purchased for 80 rubles, in Ukrainian pharmacies for 50 hryvnia.

In most cases, the daily dosage of Albendazole is 400 mg or 1 tablet. The average course of treatment is from 2 to 5 days. Only for hymenolepidosis, therapeutic use of the drug reaches 3 weeks. The drug causes side effects such as nausea, vomiting, stool disorders, abdominal pain and blurred vision. Albendazole and drugs based on it are contraindicated in children under 2 years of age, during pregnancy and lactation.

Nemozol in Russia will cost the consumer about 400 rubles, in Ukraine - about 200 hryvnia.

Levamisole (Decaris). This drug is considered the best in the fight against ascariasis. In relation to other helminthiases, the effectiveness of Levamisole decreases. The drug is prescribed for nematodes. Additionally, the medication is an immunomodulator.

The drug is taken in a dosage of 150 mg for adults and 2.5 mg per kg of weight for children. The tablets are taken just before bedtime, once. Contraindications to taking Levamisole are exactly the same as in the case of Albendazole. The price for Dekaris in Russia is 60 rubles, in Ukraine - 40 hryvnia.

Tablets for worms during pregnancy

Among numerous drugs, the only one frequently prescribed for pregnant women is piperazine.

Cheap deworming tablets

Dekaris - cost from 60 to 80 rubles. Destroys nematodes and evacuates them from the body physiologically;
Vermox - price within 100 rubles. Broad-spectrum drug;
Helmintox - the cost ranges from 70 to 120 rubles. The product is effective against nematodes.

In addition to medications of chemical origin, you can purchase anthelmintics based on plant components. These include:

Usage herbal remedies should also be carried out as prescribed by a specialist. The fact is that natural ingredients in herbal preparations can cause the development of side effects and have contraindications.

How to improve the effect of pills?

For a long time, people have been fighting helminthiases with the help of special drugs. Their undoubted advantage is getting rid of invasion, and in most cases in a short time.

But in addition to the advantages, there are also disadvantages inherent anthelmintic drugs. Let's look at them in more detail:

To avoid mistakes and not expose your body to the influence of inappropriate drugs, you should consult a doctor to choose a therapeutic regimen.

Only a specialist can select a medicine in the right dosage, focusing on the diagnosis and its features, the patient’s health status, the presence of concomitant pathologies, a list of contraindications and age.

How to choose tablets?

It was already noted above that this task falls entirely on the shoulders of the doctor. To familiarize yourself with the effect of certain drugs on different types of helminths, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the following table.

Since it is quite difficult to avoid infection with worms, it is necessary to think in advance about preventing the risk of infestation. And although medicines for helminths offered in pharmacies have a systemic effect on the body, in order to avoid health problems you need to take them at least 2 times a year for preventive purposes.

The following groups of people especially require prevention of helminthiasis:

- children due to lack of proper hygiene skills;
- pet owners;
- lovers of sushi and rolls;

travelers, especially those who have visited countries in Asia and Africa;
persons in whose family or close circle helminths have been identified.

For preventive purposes, it is usually recommended to use Pyrantel, Dekaris, Vormil and Vermox. Pirantel is the safest in this group, since it is practically not absorbed into the systemic bloodstream and does not harm the body, but it must be taken into account that its spectrum of action is extremely narrow.

Antihelminthics (or anthelmintics) are drugs that are used to treat different types. Among them there are medicines that have a wide spectrum of action, and medicines that destroy only certain types of helminths.

In the recent past, only drugs were used to combat worms. plant origin: they were driven out with garlic, raw potatoes, male fern extract, pumpkin seeds, a rather toxic chenopodium oil obtained from anthelminthic marigold, etc.

Nowadays, drug manufacturers have launched the production of synthetic tablet drugs designed to remove worms in humans, which are both safer and more effective.

It has been established that in the territory Russian Federation More than seven dozen species of helminths pose a danger to human health. Because the different groups anthelmintic drugs are endowed with specific activity; only a qualified specialist can prescribe them (after a diagnosis has been established).

Classification of anthelmintic drugs for humans

The most informative and popular classification is by pharmacological action, according to which antihelminthics - depending on what type of helminths they are destructive for - are divided into pharmacological groups presented by:

broad-spectrum drugs;
anti-trematode drugs;
antinematode drugs;
anticestodal drugs.

Anticestodoses

The use of anticestodal drugs is designed to obtain a double therapeutic effect. They:

For the treatment of cestodiasis the following is used:

The class of trematodes includes small flat (from several millimeters to eight centimeters in length) worms that live in gallbladder, liver and in the lumen of their ducts. Thanks to the suckers present in the lower part of the body, the class of trematodes received its second name - “flukes”.

flukes: cat (Siberian), lanceolate;
flukes: pulmonary, hepatic;
Shitosomes.

Antitrematode drugs that act directly on the somatic cells that make up the body of helminths are prescribed exclusively to adult patients due to the high likelihood of side effects.

Medicines in this group, which are extremely toxic, can cause:

the occurrence of pain in the heart;
the appearance of pain in the liver area;
liver enlargement;
the appearance of protein in the urine;
emergence allergic reactions(in severe cases this can lead to and).

If therapy with an anti-trematode drug has led to the occurrence of at least one of the above symptoms, the patient should tell the attending physician about this, who, after assessing the degree of risk, will decide on the advisability of further use of this medicine.

Anti-trematode drugs are absolutely contraindicated:

pregnant women;
nursing mothers;
patients suffering from liver cirrhosis or hepatitis;
people prone to allergies;
patients with diagnosed cardiac diseases.

For the treatment of trematodes, drugs are most often prescribed active ingredient of which praziquantel is a substance that causes muscle spasms in digenetic flukes, thanks to which the helminths die and are eliminated from the human body.

List of the most popular anti-trematode drugs:

"Biltricide."
"Cesol".
"Drontsit".
"Azinox".
"Cysticide."
"Pikwiton."
"Cestox".

Antinematode

Nematodes are roundworms that live in the human intestine. This class of helminths is represented by Toxocara, and.

Antinematode drugs that paralyze the body of the helminth and promote its removal from the body naturally, are characterized by high efficiency and fairly low toxicity.

The following drugs are most often used to treat nematodes:

"Piperazine adipate."
"Pyrantel" ("Helmintox").
"Pirviniy pamoat" ("Vanquin").
"Mebendazole" ("Mebex").
"Medamin" ("Carbendatsim").

For the treatment of extraintestinal nematodes, the following medications are taken:

"Ivermectin."
"Diethylcarbamazine."
"Ditrazine."
"Ditrazine phosphate."
"Baymek."
"Ditrazine citrate."
"Ivomek."

Nematodes can be treated not only with specialized means, but also with broad-spectrum medications.

Anthelmintic

The list of popular broad-spectrum drugs is represented by the following drugs:

"Vermox."
"Dekaris" ("Levamisole").
"Albendazole".
"Wormil."
"Nemozol."

Therapy for some types of helminthiases in adults can take at least two (and in particularly advanced cases more) months.

The most convenient dosage form for the treatment of helminthiasis in adults is tablets, while for small patients swallowing them can be somewhat difficult.

To overcome this problem, manufacturers began to produce anthelmintic drugs in the form of suspensions - liquid medicines: no less effective and much more convenient to use. like this dosage form have the drugs “Helmintox”, “Vormil”, “Pyrantel”.

Since deworming suspensions are most often prescribed for the treatment of children, the dosage of the active active substance in them is deliberately reduced, but if desired, they can also be used to treat adult patients. It is only necessary, after checking the manufacturer's instructions, to increase the volume of the liquid drug taken.

For the treatment of children and elderly patients with problems with swallowing, anthelmintics (Antihelminthic Forte, Nemozol, Pirantel), produced in the form of drops, are also intended. Before taking, they must be diluted with a small (50 to 100 ml) amount of water.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

Taking antihelminthic drugs for adults is absolutely contraindicated for pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy, since they can have not only a toxic, but also a teratogenic (associated with the likelihood of congenital deformities) effect on the fetus.

During the remaining two trimesters, treatment with drugs that have a mild effect on the body of the expectant mother is allowed. Among such drugs, approved for use also during the period breastfeeding baby, refers to "Piperazine".

Price

;

blood diseases;

pathologies occurring in the retina of the eyeball.

Taking the drug "Mebendazole" is absolutely contraindicated for children under two years of age, as well as for pregnant women and nursing mothers.

Any anthelmintic It is prohibited to prescribe to patients who are hypersensitive to individual components of its chemical composition or have ever had an allergic reaction to it before.