Red rash on a child's body. Photos of a rash on a child's body. Staphylococcal burn-like skin syndrome in a child, children

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The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Causes

Rash on the body of babies can be caused by many diseases. Moreover, some of them pose a real threat to life. Therefore, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor even with the most minor rashes.

Transient vascular phenomenon in a newborn

The formation of all functions of the child’s body causes changes in the condition of the skin. There are two completely physiological conditions accompanied by a rash in newborn babies:

Marbling of skin color,
Rapid change in skin color.

Kinds

A rash is a disturbance in the color or quality of the skin on separate areas. There are many types of this phenomenon. Rashes are quite often observed on the body and face of people of any age, but a child’s skin is very delicate, and therefore is more prone to rashes.
In the first months after birth, the baby's skin constantly changes. Some changes are physiological in nature and not dangerous, while others may be caused by infections or malfunction of any organs.

Marbling of the dermis– this is a change in the color of the skin of the child’s entire body and limbs, which is the body’s response to a decrease in temperature. Usually, when the body warms up, the spots disappear immediately. This phenomenon can be observed up to six months of age and is normal. It does not require any special measures.

A rapidly passing change in skin color - it is noticeable in cases where a naked baby lies on one side and is turned over to the other. One side becomes more pink, and the other, on the contrary, becomes paler. The color changes very quickly, literally before our eyes, and returns to normal in a few minutes. Skin color evens out faster if the child cries or moves actively. This phenomenon is observed only in every tenth baby born on time, and most often parents do not pay attention to it. You can notice a change in skin color from the first days of a baby’s life, and the phenomenon goes away by the age of one month. Pediatricians explain this phenomenon by the development of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the expansion of small vessels.

Erythema toxicum– this phenomenon is observed in 55% of newborns and occurs in babies born at term with normal body weight. Signs of toxic erythema can be detected both immediately upon birth and after two to three days.
With toxic erythema, red, swollen spots up to 3 millimeters in size appear on the baby’s body, as well as blisters, which gradually take on the appearance of “mosquito bites.” Typically, rashes are observed on the face, arms and legs, and body. The child’s feet and palms are not affected by this type of rash.

During the newborn period, a vesiculopustular rash is a consequence of infection with herpes, candida, staphylococcus or other pathogenic infections.

To determine the pathogen, an analysis of the contents of the bubbles is taken. Most often, the rashes do not affect the baby’s condition and disappear on their own in a week or less. But sometimes they can worsen his well-being and last longer. Despite this, erythema is not dangerous to the health and life of the child and does not require special treatment methods.

Transient pustular melanosis
This phenomenon is five times more common in children of the Negroid race ( in 5% versus 1% in babies with white skin color). The rash in this case is a pigmented rash, like large freckles. The skin does not turn red. At first, the skin becomes covered with red spots and blisters, which after a while burst and in their place “freckles” appear, which independently discolor after about a month.

Hormonal acne of newborns
This phenomenon occurs in approximately every fifth newborn baby. Usually these are comedones closed type, covering the cheeks and forehead, rarely these are blisters, red pimples or open comedones.
It is believed that these rashes appear with increased work sebaceous glands child caused by male sex hormones obtained from the mother’s body or produced in the child’s body. This is a temporary phenomenon that disappears on its own without a trace. Most often, newborn acne is not treated with anything. But sometimes, if they are too abundant, the skin is lubricated with benzoyl peroxide ointment. Before use, you should test for tolerance by smearing a small area of your baby's skin on the inner bend of the elbow. If acne does not disappear long time, this may indicate increased work of the adrenal glands and other metabolic disorders.

Sebaceous cysts
These are yellowish or white with a diameter of up to 2 millimeters, which are formed when the secretions of the sebaceous glands in the skin are inhibited. This phenomenon is observed in half of children in the neonatal period. They usually appear on the face, but rarely on the mucous membranes, genitals and limbs. Sebaceous cysts do not need to be treated with anything; they will go away on their own no later than by the age of three months.

Prickly heat
This type of rash occurs when sweat cannot pass through the ducts and becomes trapped in the sweat glands. The work of sweat glands and ducts in newborn babies is still imperfect, so prickly heat is a fairly common phenomenon. It is observed in 4 children out of 10 born. Most often observed in the first four weeks after birth. The rash may be red or may resemble millet grains.

Since the disease usually goes away on its own and does not affect the overall well-being of the baby at all, no treatment is carried out. Medicines are used only in special cases. Many mothers and fathers are embarrassed by unsightly crusts on the baby's head. They can be easily removed with a soft brush after bathing and treatment with an emollient cream. Crusts are removed very quickly and effectively even after treating the skin with vegetable oil.
Some doctors prescribe shampoos with tar or selenium sulfide. However, these products should not be used for their own purposes.

Hemorrhagic

If the rash is caused by a vascular or blood disease, it is hemorrhagic in nature, which means small hemorrhages between the layers of the dermis. These rashes can be small or large and may look like bruises ranging from dark purple to yellow color, or there may be small “spider veins” scattered throughout the body.
Such symptoms should alert parents and serve as a reason to visit a doctor.

During teething

When teething, many babies suffer from copious discharge saliva. Since saliva almost constantly flows from the mouth and further down the chin, it becomes covered with a small red rash.
If you constantly gently blot the corners of your baby's mouth and chin with a soft cloth, a rash will not appear.
In some children, teething worsens allergic rash. This will be discussed in more detail below.

Allergic

This type of rash usually appears suddenly. Often, along with rashes, the child suffers from the flow of tears and rhinitis. He tries to scratch the areas covered with the rash, as they usually itch intensely. An allergy rash is very clearly visible; it protrudes above the surface of the skin.
Eliminating the allergen, as well as taking an antihistamine ( as prescribed by a doctor).

From antibiotics

Rash and others allergic manifestations observed in approximately 1% of patients. The most common symptoms are urticaria and contact allergic dermatitis when using local forms of antibiotics. Urticaria is most often provoked by sulfonamides and beta-lactams. The rash appears a few hours after the first dose of the medicine and disappears almost immediately after stopping its use.

Allergic contact dermatitis manifests itself in redness of the skin, burning, itching and the appearance of small blisters on the skin. If the drug is used for the first time, symptoms may appear after five to seven days. If it was used before, then dermatitis may develop on the very first day. To eliminate the symptoms of the disease, you should discontinue the antibiotic ointment and treat the affected areas with glucocorticoid preparations ( as prescribed by a doctor).

After vaccination

Allergic rashes similar to nettle burns are classified as local reactions for vaccinations and are observed quite often.
But if the rash appears on large areas of the body, then this is already general reaction body.

There are three probable reasons the appearance of a rash after vaccination.
1. The vaccine components multiply in the skin.
2. Allergy to any component of the vaccine.
3. The vaccine caused bleeding.

If the vaccine is not inactivated, then mild rashes are normal reaction body to introduce foreign microbes. This is typical for vaccines against measles, rubella, and mumps.

A rash in the form of small dots may be a consequence of a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. This happens after rubella vaccination, but very rarely. But the same points may indicate that vaccination provoked the development of vasculitis - this is severe autoimmune disorder affecting the vascular walls.

In some cases, a vaccination provokes a specific reaction of the body, for example, this happens after a measles vaccination: five to ten days after the vaccine is administered, the body may become covered with a rash, which quickly passes. Body temperature may also increase.

Temperature with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a highly contagious infectious disease, the main symptoms of which are a sharp increase in body temperature, a small rash and inflammation of the tonsils. The disease develops under the influence of streptococcus. Children from two to seven years old are more susceptible to scarlet fever. Scarlet fever is more common during the cold season.

The source of infection is a sick person who releases pathogens with tiny particles of saliva and bronchial mucus during sneezing, coughing and even conversation. The incubation period is from two to seven days. After which the child’s body temperature rises sharply to 39–40 degrees, his health worsens, and his throat hurts. Rashes can be observed starting from the end of the first day. The spots appear on the neck, shoulders, chest and back, after which a short time cover the entire skin. The rashes are most intense on the side surfaces of the body, stomach, and inner surfaces of the elbows. Rashes bright color, very small and closely spaced. The skin often itches.

Very characteristic are rashes on the face that cover it thickly, leaving only the nasolabial triangle, called scarlet fever, clear. After 7–9 days, the rash turns pale and the skin begins to peel off. The first places to peel off are the earlobes, neck, fingertips, feet and palms. The skin is completely cleared after 15 – 20 days.

Vomiting with chickenpox

This is very common viral disease, most often affecting children under the age of 6 years. The virus is transmitted only from a sick person, since external environment it lives only 10 minutes, does not tolerate ultraviolet radiation and high temperature. Therefore, children in kindergartens and primary schools are most often infected. The danger of the disease is that the sick person begins to spread the infection two days before the first symptoms appear.

The child’s temperature rises to 38–39 degrees, he is lethargic, and often vomits. In the very first hours, the body is covered with small vesicles with a diameter of up to 5 mm. The skin around the blister turns red. At first, there is a clear liquid inside the vesicles, which after a day becomes cloudy, the middle of the vesicle wrinkles and a crust appears. After a week, two crusts dry out and fall off on their own. At the site of each bubble, a red spot remains for quite a long time. If you pick off the crust ahead of time, a chip will remain. The blisters are usually very itchy. If they also form on the mucous membranes, the child may cough.

The first rashes appear on the head, face, then on the body and, finally, on the arms and legs. In some cases, they even appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes. Vesicles never form on the feet and palms.
A feature characteristic of this particular disease is that when new blisters appear, the child’s temperature may rise.

For measles

It's a viral infection incubation period The duration of illness is on average 10 days, but can vary from 9 days to 3 weeks. Distinctive feature measles is that some signs of illness appear in the baby already during the incubation period: he eats poorly, is lethargic, his eyes are red, he coughs and sneezes. Sometimes body temperature increases.

With the coming clinical period In case of illness, the temperature increases to 38 - 39 degrees, rhinitis is already clearly noticeable, the child coughs in a special rude way, reminiscent of a dog barking. He has swollen and red mucous membranes of the eyes, tears flow from the eyes and pus is released. The child's eyes hurt, he cannot look at bright light.

Against the background of the above, a rash called measles enanthema also appears. These are small red spots in the mouth and on the palate. In addition, on the inside of the oral mucosa you can see whitish grains, similar to semolina. It is these whitish spots that clearly indicate measles - this is a very characteristic sign of the disease.

But all these spots on the mucous membranes disappear as soon as a rash appears on the body. The child's temperature rises again and his general condition worsens.
The rash covers the entire surface of the body, it is very small, but can merge. Nearby, the rash appears as blisters up to 2 millimeters in diameter, around which the skin turns red and forms a spot a centimeter in diameter. Sometimes, when severe course diseases, the skin becomes covered with small hemorrhages.
The body becomes covered with a rash for 3 days. First the neck and face, then the body, upper legs and arms, then the feet. The rash is thicker on the face, shoulders, chest and neck.

After 4 days, the rash becomes less bright, the skin in the area of the rash peels off finely and darkens. 5 days after the first rash, the child’s body temperature decreases and his condition returns to normal. For about another 10 to 14 days, traces of rashes can be seen on the body, after which the skin is completely cleared.

For meningitis

The course of meningitis varies depending on what pathogen provoked it. A rash due to meningitis in children under 3 years of age is very rare and most often affects back wall throat. Most often, such rashes are caused by meningococci.

If microorganisms are transferred by blood to other parts of the body, the skin may become covered with bright red rashes. These rashes are hemorrhagic in nature and represent hemorrhages from the capillaries. They indicate infection of the body with the causative agent of meningitis.

These rashes differ in that they most often cover the buttocks, thighs and back. They look like stars or spots irregular shape. This disease is very dangerous, so at the slightest suspicion you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance.

For mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is a disease that is observed more often in children from 3 to 16 years of age. Transmitted by airborne droplets. The pathogen affects The lymph nodes and all lymphoid tissues of the body, including the spleen, tonsils and sometimes even

Usually, a rash on a child’s body causes a lot of concern among parents. Really, common symptom various infections, causing a lot of discomfort. However timely treatment skin rashes allows you to quickly forget about itching and burning.

A rash in a child can appear not only on the entire body, but also affect only one area. The number of acceptable diagnoses is reduced and recovery occurs faster

On the head

The rash bothers babies in different parts of the body.

On the back of the head small dots Pink colour most often they talk about overheating and the development of prickly heat.
Abundant bubbles and blisters on the back of the head or cheeks indicate infection with scabies.
Inflammations in the cheeks and beard indicate allergies to food or medications.
If a child has a rash on his eyelids, it means that the child has been selected with the wrong hygiene products. If the rashes on the eyelids look like scales or become crusty, dermatitis is likely to develop.

Around the neck

On the hands and wrists

In the abdominal area

A rash on the abdomen in the form of red blisters occurs in newborns from toxic erythema, which goes away on its own. The abdominal area and hip area most often suffer from pemphigus. The disease begins with slight redness, blisters appear and begin to burst. Similar symptoms are typical for exfoliating dermatitis.

When the bacterial microflora is disturbed in the abdominal area, erysipelas. Don’t forget about acceptable minor rashes from allergies, prickly heat and infections such as chickenpox or scabies.

On the lower back

On the inner and outer thighs

Rashes on a child’s thighs usually appear due to poor hygiene. Often the baby simply sweats in his diapers and suffers from poor-quality clothing. The result is prickly heat. Allergic reactions often provoke inflammation on the inner thigh.

A rash on the thighs indicates the presence of measles, rubella, or scarlet fever. In rare cases, rashes indicate diseases of the circulatory system.

In the groin area

A groin rash is the result of infrequent diaper changes or skin contact with dirty diapers. Red diaper rash appears on the skin, and bacteria multiply in it. Miliaria in the groin area in the form pink spots It often appears in a baby as a result of overheating in the sun. Sometimes the source of the rash is candidiasis. Finally, the baby may develop an allergy to diapers.

On the buttocks

The rash on the butt has a nature similar to the causes of groin irritation. Rarely changing diapers and violating hygiene rules lead to inflammatory process. The butt area can suffer from allergies to food or diapers, prickly heat and diathesis.

On the legs, knees and heels and can itch

A small rash on the legs usually appears as a result of dermatitis or allergies. If it itches and resembles mosquito bites, most likely the baby actually suffered from insects.

The cause of a rash on the legs can be an infection or injury. skin. If your child has itchy heels, the rash is most likely caused by a fungus. An allergic reaction on the heels manifests itself in the form of flaky spots, itching and causing swelling feet. On knee joints the rash can appear with eczema, lichen and psoriasis.

On all parts of the body

Inflammation of the skin throughout the body often indicates infection. If a child is covered with a small rash and it itches, the reason is probably an allergic reaction (see:) of the body to a strong irritant. If there is no itching from the rash, these causes can be excluded. Most likely there is a problem with metabolism or the functioning of internal organs.

When the rash all over the body is also colorless, most likely the baby is working too hard sebaceous glands. Vitamin deficiency and hormonal imbalances in children's body capable of making themselves felt through rashes without color.

Nature of the rash

If you look closely at your baby's rash, you will notice distinctive signs. Color, shape and structure.

Like nettle

A rash that resembles nettle spots indicates a special type of allergy - urticaria. Pink blisters on the skin are very itchy and accompanied by an increase in body temperature. The most common cause of urticaria is hot water, stress, strong physical exercise. The rash resembles small blisters on the chest or neck.

Like a mosquito bite

If the rash resembles a mosquito bite, the baby has an allergy to poor nutrition. In newborns, this reaction often indicates irregularities in the nursing mother’s diet. Mosquito bites indicate the impact of any blood-sucking insects on the skin, such as ticks or fleas.

In the form of spots

A patchy rash is a very common form of skin inflammation. Most often, the reason lies in a disease of the integument itself or in the presence of an infection. The size of the spots and their color play a big role. Rashes similar to spots appear with lichen, allergies, dermatitis and eczema.

Rough to the touch

The rough rash is most often caused by eczema. At the same time they suffer back sides palms and face. The cause of rough rashes resembling sandpaper, sometimes keratosis becomes a form of allergy. Small pimples this affects the back and lateral areas of the hands, but sometimes inflammation occurs inside hips

In the form of bubbles and blisters

A rash in the form of blisters appears on the baby’s body as a result of urticaria (see:), pemphigus. Among infectious diseases Chickenpox also causes rashes with blisters.

To match your skin color

Flesh-colored growths on the skin are called papules. A rash of this color indicates eczema, psoriasis or contact dermatitis. Sometimes a colorless rash is caused by hormonal changes in the child's body.

Redness due to infections

The signs accompanying the rash often indicate the development of a serious illness in the baby.

For sore throat

Often, observing the baby primary signs tonsillitis (fever and cough), after a certain time his parents notice a rash on his body. Here, the development of an infectious disease against the background of weakened immunity is likely. Sometimes redness appears due to tonsillitis. Do not forget that in the process of treating a sore throat, a child often develops an allergy to antibiotics.

For ARVI

The appearance of a rash in combination with the usual symptoms of ARVI has similar causes. The child may have an intolerance to the components of the drugs or an allergy to folk remedies. Most often, redness occurs after a course of antibiotics for ARVI.

From chickenpox

From chickenpox Babies develop itchy spots that almost immediately become large blisters. The rash occurs on the palms, face, torso and even in the mouth. The disease is accompanied by high fever and headaches. When the bubbles burst, the baby's skin becomes crusty.

The answer to the question of how long it takes for the rash to completely go away depends on the timeliness of treatment. Usually 3-5 days are enough.

When measles develops

In the case of measles, the baby usually suffers from fever and large red spots that almost merge with each other. The rash from measles appears first on the head, and then spreads to the torso and limbs. The first signs of measles resemble a common cold. This is a strong dry cough, sneezing and tears. Then the temperature rises. How many days does it take for the rashes to go away? As a rule, the skin recovers on the third day.

From infection with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever signals itself by the appearance of small dots on the 2nd day of illness. Especially a lot small rash in the area of the elbows and knees, on the palms, in the folds of the skin. The speed of treatment usually does not affect how many days the redness disappears. The rash disappears on its own after 1-2 weeks.

For meningitis

A bright red or purple rash appears on the body of children when meningococcal infection. The disease affects the blood vessels of the skin, causing inflammation on the skin different shapes. With meningitis, there are rashes on the mucous membranes, on the legs and arms, and on the sides of the body.

When to call a doctor

The child develops a fever and the temperature rises to 40 degrees.
A rash appears all over the body and unbearable itching occurs.
Begin headache, vomiting and confusion in the baby.
The rash looks like star-shaped hemorrhages.
Swelling and difficulty breathing appear.

What absolutely should not be done

Squeeze out pustules yourself.
Rip off or pop bubbles.
Scratch the rash.
Apply brightly colored preparations to the skin (this will make it difficult to make a diagnosis).

In general, a rash is a symptom of many diseases. Sometimes it leads to serious problems, and sometimes it goes away on its own. In any case, it would be a good idea to consult a doctor.

Prevention

Timely vaccinations can protect a child from infections (But remember, vaccinations are not always beneficial, everything is individual!). There are now vaccinations against meningitis and rashes caused by it. Ask your doctor for more details.
Proper introduction of complementary foods can protect a small child from allergic reactions. It is recommended to accustom your child to healthy image life and proper nutrition. This will not only prevent many diseases and strengthen the immune system, but also reduce the risk of allergic rashes.
If you suspect that your baby has contracted an infection, immediately limit his contact with a potential source of infection.

Let's sum it up

Its localization plays a big role in determining the cause of the rash. The areas of the body that come into most contact with clothing or diapers usually suffer from dermatitis and heat rash. The baby's face often becomes covered with an allergy rash. A rash all over the body indicates the development of an infection or a metabolic disorder in the body.
Pay attention to the shape of the rash and its color. Small dots indicate allergic reactions, and large spots- about infections. Colorless rash is not contagious, and roughness indicates disorders in the child’s body.
Monitor the general condition of the baby, because other symptoms allow you to accurately determine the factor causing redness of the skin. However, keep in mind that these diseases, like acute respiratory viral infections and tonsillitis, very rarely cause a rash on their own. It is worth observing the child's daily routine, because the rash often appears after visiting the pool and similar public places.
If a child's rash is accompanied by coughing, vomiting and high fever, we are talking about an infectious disease. At the same time, the whole body becomes covered with spots and itches. With proper treatment, rashes in children disappear after 3-5 days. Sometimes a rash and vomiting are signs of dysbiosis.

If a rash becomes a cause of concern in a newborn baby, the range of its causes is small. Often, pimples without pus appear on the neck and face of children 2 weeks after birth, disappearing on their own. In children under one year of age, small rashes are most often caused by heat rash due to wearing diapers or tight clothing. Red and pink rashes small child associated with allergies to new foods.
When a rash appears after sun exposure, the baby is said to have photodermatosis. Sun allergies are accompanied by itching, redness of the skin and boils. The rash is usually rough on the limbs, face and chest. Crusts, scales, and bubbles form.
Allergic reactions in a child’s body can manifest themselves to a variety of irritants. Often, after visiting the pool, a rash appears on the body of children due to the abundance of chlorine in the water. It has already been said that rashes can form even after a course of antibiotics for a sore throat. If we are talking about the treatment of serious diseases such as leukemia, allergies appear within a month.
A small, bright rash in children under the third year of life can appear when new teeth erupt. Here, the rashes are accompanied low temperature and weakened immunity due to the appearance of teeth. Most often, teething rashes are located on the neck.
If the rash in babies is not constant (appears and disappears), most likely there is contact with an irritant, causing allergies or dermatitis, is carried out periodically. In addition, the rash disappears and appears again with the development of infectious diseases (measles and scarlet fever), urticaria.
To prevent a severe rash in a child, do not try to introduce new foods into his diet too quickly. If your baby shows signs of allergies after swimming in the pool, choose another establishment where the water is not treated with chlorine.

Even if the baby is feeling well, a rash on a child’s body should always be a cause for concern. The main condition is not to try any home remedies and not to give the child medicine until he has been examined by a doctor. A rash can be a symptom of a number of diseases, and only a specialist will determine what is happening.

So, first of all, let's determine what not to do:

give to a child medicines at your own discretion;
allow the rash to be scratched;
squeeze out “pimples” (pustules) or open blisters;
smear the rash with colored preparations - iodine, brilliant green, etc.: they make diagnosis difficult.

Rash of various origins

Sometimes a pink rash appears on a child’s body 10-20 hours after the fever (which lasted up to 3 days). What could it be?

Allergic reaction. In this case, the culprit is antipyretics. In this case, the blood test turns out to be normal.
Pseudo-rubella. It is also roseola, three-day fever, sudden exanthema, the “sixth” disease. “Sixth” - because the type 6 herpes virus acts. The rash does not change and goes away on its own in 3-6 days, then immunity is formed.

In these cases, it is best to consult a doctor.

As a rule, most rashes on the skin of babies are caused by allergies, light forms infectious diseases, insufficient hygiene.

There is a rash, no fever: possible diseases

Among the problems that cause a rash in children without fever are the following.

Scabies. The rashes - not continuous, but in groups - spread over the stomach, back, hands (including between the fingers) and wrists, appear on the buttocks, internal parts legs The itching usually begins at night.
Hives. Rapidly appearing pink bumps all over the body, including on the mucous membranes. Duration - from several hours to three days. This is the body’s response to medications (especially antibiotics), hypothermia, and allergenic foods.
Pyoderma. General condition is normal. The redness soon forms purulent blisters. When they burst, they turn into a grayish crust, which after falling off does not leave scars. Pyoderma requires compulsory treatment to avoid extensive suppuration and the development of severe conditions.
Eczema. You can see a rash on the child's face and neck, wrists, elbows and knees. Inflammation, swelling occurs, and weeping cracks may grow. Eczema often spreads to the eyelids, hands, and feet. The child is nervous and cries often.

If the wounds are purulent, bleeding, and the rashes are multiplying, consult a doctor immediately.

Prickly heat

If the baby sensitive skin, even sweat causes a short-term appearance of a rash - that’s what they call it: prickly heat. Pale red rashes, sometimes with blisters, are accompanied by itching. They are located in the groin, under the knees, on the buttocks, on the shoulders and neck - that is, in the places of the greatest concentration of sweat glands.

If you reduce sweating, the rash and itching will disappear. What do we have to do:

bathe the child twice a day in warm water (no more than 34°C);
keep the room cool;
dress the baby in spacious and light clothes, preferably made from natural fabrics;
allow the skin to breathe (air baths).

Allergic reaction

Allergic rashes in children appear due to immature immunity. It is often accompanied by lacrimation and runny nose. Allergies can be of two types.

Food. It appears on the limbs or on the stomach a day after consuming the “wrong” product.
Contact. After contact with aggressive environment or material (chlorinated water, detergents, unsuitable clothing, metal - usually nickel).

The characteristic pale pink small rash on a child’s stomach disappears quite quickly after eliminating the allergen. It is important to note what the reaction occurred to, how strong its manifestations are and in what areas, and how long it lasts. It is better to introduce new products gradually, one at a time - then you can accurately determine what exactly caused the allergy.

A food allergic reaction may cause abdominal pain and indigestion. But if a child has a rash and fever, they are accompanied by lethargy, vomiting and others. warning signs- Most likely, this is an infectious disease.

What if it's an infection?

Rashes in children can actually be caused by bacterial or viral infection. Many childhood infectious diseases occur with a rash, to which other striking symptoms are added. Here are some of these diseases. This chart can help you determine what exactly is going on before you see your doctor.

Table - Nature of the rash and possible diseases

Type of rash	How it appears	Rash marks	Associated symptoms	Disease
Large, bright, spotted, in the form of tubercles	A rash behind a child's ears, near the hairline. Within 3 days it descends throughout the body to the feet. The spots “merge” with each other in some places	Small brown bruises, peeling	Dry “barking” cough; runny nose; heat; Red eyes; photophobia; slight itching	Measles
Small, in the form of pale pink spots	First on the face, and on the whole body - after 1-2 days	No	Low temperature; joint pain; enlarged occipital lymph nodes	Rubella
Bright, small dots	Simultaneously over the face and body (the nasolabial triangle remains intact on the face), in skin folds- most intense	Peeling	Heat; acute sore throat; enlarged lymph nodes; bright language; sparkling eyes	Scarlet fever
Bubbles on the child’s body that are filled clear liquid, crusts	In the hair, then on the face, spreads throughout the body	No (but scratching may leave scars)	Temperature (up to 38°C); rarely - abdominal pain; headache	Chickenpox (varicella)
From small bruises to extensive hemorrhages	Rash on the trunk and legs	Ulcers and scars may remain	Severe condition; fever; headache; vomit; confusion	Meningococcal sepsis (meningitis)

These are all childhood infections with rashes.

There are also fungal diseases, affecting the skin, and they also cause rashes. Here are the most common skin problems in children.

Athlete's foot. The disease occurs due to heavy sweating legs Characteristic signs: swelling and redness between the fingers, severe itching. A rash appears on the child’s legs, blisters form erosions that spread to the feet.
Rubrophytia. The disease is also caused by fungal activity. The child has a small red rash on his arms and legs, sometimes blisters appear that turn into erosions. The skin is peeling. A very clear sign is the grayish-brown color of the nails, under the nails there is keratosis (keratinization).

In what cases should you urgently call a doctor?

Be careful and call a doctor immediately if you experience the following symptoms.

Fever occurs, especially sudden (temperature over 40°C).
The rash on the child’s body itches unbearably and spreads to the entire body.
Vomiting and headache appear.
Confusion of consciousness and speech.
Hemorrhages with jagged edges, in the form of stars (like varicose veins), without itching.
Swelling appears and breathing is difficult.

Before the doctor arrives, you cannot feed the baby, but it is allowed drinking plenty of fluids, and if the temperature rises above 38.5°C, give an antipyretic. It's good if the room is humid and cool. But the child needs to be dressed appropriately, preferably in something spacious, or covered with a soft blanket.

As you can see, skin rashes in children do not always pose a serious danger. But it is important to know the threatening symptoms and immediately contact professional help when they occur, in order to avoid complications (and in the case of meningitis, a threat to a child’s life!). Only after a diagnostic examination and samples taken, an experienced doctor will be able to prescribe adequate treatment. If necessary, he will involve other specialists in the research.

You need to call a pediatrician at home so that when going to the clinic the baby’s condition does not worsen (and in case of infection, so as not to infect others). Isolate the child from pregnant women until it is known for sure that the child does not have rubella. And finally, do not refuse vaccination and follow the vaccination schedule. They, along with strengthening the immune system, will protect your child from many problems.

Usually, a rash on a child’s body causes a lot of concern among parents. Indeed, it is a common symptom of various infections, causing a lot of discomfort. However, timely treatment of skin rashes allows you to quickly forget about itching and burning.

A rash in a child can appear not only on the entire body, but also affect only one area. The number of acceptable diagnoses is reduced and recovery occurs faster

On the head

The rash bothers babies in different parts of the body.

On the back of the head, small pink dots most often indicate overheating and the development of prickly heat.
Abundant bubbles and blisters on the back of the head or cheeks indicate infection with scabies.
Inflammations in the cheeks and beard indicate allergies to food or medications.
If a child has a rash on his eyelids, it means that the child has been given inappropriate hygiene products. If the rashes on the eyelids look like scales or become crusty, dermatitis is likely to develop.

Around the neck

On the hands and wrists

In the abdominal area

When the bacterial microflora is disturbed in the abdominal area, erysipelas appears. Don’t forget about acceptable minor rashes from allergies, prickly heat and infections such as chickenpox or scabies.

On the lower back

On the inner and outer thighs

A rash on the thighs indicates the presence of measles, rubella, chickenpox or scarlet fever. In rare cases, rashes indicate diseases of the circulatory system.

In the groin area

A groin rash is the result of infrequent diaper changes or skin contact with dirty diapers. Red diaper rash appears on the skin, and bacteria multiply in it. Miliaria in the groin area in the form of pink spots often appears in a baby as a result of overheating in the sun. Sometimes the source of the rash is candidiasis. Finally, the baby may develop an allergy to diapers.

On the buttocks

The rash on the butt has a nature similar to the causes of groin irritation. Rarely changing diapers and violating hygiene rules lead to an inflammatory process. The butt area can suffer from allergies to food or diapers, prickly heat and diathesis.

On the legs, knees and heels and can itch

A small rash on the legs usually appears as a result of dermatitis or allergies. If it itches and resembles mosquito bites, most likely the baby actually suffered from insects.

The cause of a rash on the legs can be an infection or injury to the skin. If your child has itchy heels, the rash is most likely caused by a fungus. An allergic reaction on the heels manifests itself in the form of flaky patches that itch and cause swelling of the feet. On the knee joints, a rash can appear with eczema, lichen and psoriasis.

On all parts of the body

Inflammation of the skin throughout the body often indicates infection. If a child is covered with a small rash and it itches, the reason is probably an allergic reaction (see: allergic rash) of the body to a strong irritant. If there is no itching from the rash, these causes can be excluded. Most likely there is a problem with metabolism or the functioning of internal organs.

When the rash all over the body is also colorless, most likely the baby’s sebaceous glands are working too actively. Vitamin deficiency and hormonal imbalances in a child’s body can make themselves felt through rashes without color.

Nature of the rash

If you look closely at your baby's rash, you will notice distinctive signs. Color, shape and structure.

Like nettle

A rash that resembles nettle spots indicates a special type of allergy - urticaria. Pink blisters on the skin are very itchy and accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Most often, urticaria is provoked by hot water, stress, and strong physical exertion. The rash resembles small blisters on the chest or neck.

Like a mosquito bite

In the form of spots

Rough to the touch

The rough rash is most often caused by eczema. In this case, the backs of the hands and face are affected. Rough rashes that resemble sandpaper are sometimes caused by keratosis, a form of allergy. Small pimples affect the back and sides of the arms, but sometimes inflammation appears on the inside of the thighs.

In the form of bubbles and blisters

A rash in the form of blisters appears on the baby’s body as a result of urticaria (see: urticaria in children), miliaria, pemphigus. Among the infectious diseases, rashes with blisters are caused by rubella and chickenpox.

To match your skin color

Redness due to infections

The signs accompanying the rash often indicate the development of a serious illness in the baby.

For sore throat

Often, observing the primary signs of a sore throat in a baby (fever and cough), after a certain time parents notice a rash on his body. Here, the development of an infectious disease against the background of weakened immunity is likely. Sometimes redness appears due to tonsillitis. Do not forget that in the process of treating a sore throat, a child often develops an allergy to antibiotics.

For ARVI

The appearance of a rash in combination with the usual symptoms of ARVI has similar causes. A child may be intolerant to drug components or allergic to folk remedies. Most often, redness occurs after a course of antibiotics for ARVI.

From chickenpox

Chickenpox causes itchy spots in babies that almost immediately become large blisters. The rash occurs on the palms, face, torso and even in the mouth. The disease is accompanied by high fever and headaches. When the bubbles burst, the baby's skin becomes crusty.

The answer to the question of how long it takes for the rash to completely go away depends on the timeliness of treatment. Usually 3-5 days are enough.

When measles develops

From infection with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever signals itself by the appearance of small dots on the 2nd day of illness. There is especially a lot of small rash in the elbow and knee bends, on the palms, and in the folds of the skin. The speed of treatment usually does not affect how many days the redness disappears. The rash disappears on its own after 1-2 weeks.

For meningitis

A bright red or purple rash appears on the body of children with meningococcal infection. The disease affects the blood vessels of the skin, so inflammation on the skin forms in various forms. With meningitis, there are rashes on the mucous membranes, on the legs and arms, and on the sides of the body.

When to call a doctor

The child develops a fever and the temperature rises to 40 degrees.
A rash appears all over the body and unbearable itching occurs.
The baby begins to experience headaches, vomiting, and confusion.
The rash looks like star-shaped hemorrhages.
Swelling and difficulty breathing appear.

What absolutely should not be done

Squeeze out pustules yourself.
Rip off or pop bubbles.
Scratch the rash.
Apply brightly colored preparations to the skin (this will make it difficult to make a diagnosis).

In general, a rash is a symptom of many diseases. Sometimes it leads to serious problems, and sometimes it goes away on its own. In any case, it would be a good idea to consult a doctor.

Prevention

Timely vaccinations can protect a child from infections (But remember, vaccinations are not always beneficial, everything is individual!). There are now vaccinations against meningitis and rashes caused by it. Ask your doctor for more details.
Proper introduction of complementary foods can protect a small child from allergic reactions. It is recommended to teach your child a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. This will not only prevent many diseases and strengthen the immune system, but also reduce the risk of allergic rashes.
If you suspect that your baby has contracted an infection, immediately limit his contact with a potential source of infection.

Let's sum it up

Its localization plays a big role in determining the cause of the rash. The areas of the body that come into most contact with clothing or diapers usually suffer from dermatitis and heat rash. The baby's face often becomes covered with an allergy rash. A rash all over the body indicates the development of an infection or a metabolic disorder in the body.
Pay attention to the shape of the rash and its color. Small dots indicate allergic reactions, and large spots indicate infections. A colorless rash is not contagious, but a rough one indicates problems in the child’s body.
Monitor the general condition of the baby, because other symptoms allow you to accurately determine the factor causing redness of the skin. However, keep in mind that these diseases, like acute respiratory viral infections and tonsillitis, very rarely cause a rash on their own. It is worth observing the child's daily routine, because the rash often appears after visiting the pool and similar public places.
If a child's rash is accompanied by coughing, vomiting and high fever, we are talking about an infectious disease. At the same time, the whole body becomes covered with spots and itches. With proper treatment, rashes in children disappear after 3-5 days. Sometimes a rash and vomiting are signs of dysbiosis.

If a rash becomes a cause of concern in a newborn baby, the range of its causes is small. Often, pimples without pus appear on the neck and face of children 2 weeks after birth, disappearing on their own. In children under one year of age, small rashes are most often caused by heat rash due to wearing diapers or tight clothing. Red and pink rashes in a small child are associated with allergies to new foods.
When a rash appears after sun exposure, the baby is said to have photodermatosis. Sun allergies are accompanied by itching, redness of the skin and boils. The rash is usually rough on the limbs, face and chest. Crusts, scales, and bubbles form.
Allergic reactions in a child’s body can manifest themselves to a variety of irritants. Often, after visiting the pool, a rash appears on the body of children due to the abundance of chlorine in the water. It has already been said that rashes can form even after a course of antibiotics for a sore throat. If we are talking about the treatment of serious diseases such as leukemia, allergies appear within a month.
A small, bright rash in children under the third year of life can appear when new teeth erupt. Here, the rashes are accompanied by a slight fever and weakened immunity due to the appearance of teeth. Most often, teething rashes are located on the neck.
If the rash in babies is not constant (appears and disappears), most likely, there is contact with an irritant that causes an allergy or dermatitis, which occurs periodically. In addition, the rash disappears and appears again with the development of infectious diseases (measles and scarlet fever), urticaria.
To prevent a severe rash in a child, do not try to introduce new foods into his diet too quickly. If your baby shows signs of allergies after swimming in the pool, choose another establishment where the water is not treated with chlorine.

Newborn babies look nothing like the pink, smiling babies in the pictures. Red, wrinkled, they squeak, grunt, something is constantly happening to them - hyperemia, a rash, the skin begins to peel off.

Basically, all these phenomena are functional, this is how the baby adapts to life: endocrine system removes unnecessary hormones, forms local immunity, so sometimes worry is unnecessary, but knowing the types of rashes and their origin is necessary so as not to miss a truly dangerous signal.

There are several types of rashes in children:

A spot is a non-relief formation on the skin that differs in color - reddened or, conversely, white.
A papule is a nodular rash without cavities that can reach a size of 3 cm.
A plaque is a thickening that protrudes above the skin.
Vesicles and bubbles - cavitary formation containing clear liquid.
A pustule is a cavity with purulent contents.
A hemorrhagic rash appears in the form of red spots or dots of varying sizes; if the skin at the spot is stretched or pressed on, the spot will not disappear or change color.

Factors that cause a red rash on the body

All rashes on a child’s body can be divided into main groups:

Diseases of an infectious nature.

Scarlet fever, measles, chickenpox and others. The disease is usually accompanied by fever, the rash precedes the fever or appears after the end acute period. The disease may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, feeling unwell baby.

A rash is the body's reaction to an allergen.

With different allergic reactions, the rash is localized in different ways: on the arms and legs, on the back or stomach. As a rule, an itchy rash appears in the form of spots, small blisters; with urticaria, they can enlarge and merge into one spot. The rash does not affect the child's well-being, but the baby may become moody due to itching.

Diseases of the blood and blood vessels.

With diseases of the blood or blood vessels, a hemorrhagic rash forms on the body in the form of star-shaped spots, non-relief dots or bruises of different locations and colors. Most often it appears on the legs.

Improper or insufficient hygiene, which can cause a rash.

If hygiene is insufficient or incorrect, the rash is localized in the elbows, under the knees, in the groin - where the natural folds of the child are present.

The main causes of small rashes in newborns

Toxic erythema.

A fairly common occurrence in newborns, it manifests itself as pustules 1-2 mm, with white-yellow contents and a red edging. The rash can cover the baby's entire body, sparing only the feet and palms, or be localized on the crooks of the arms and legs, or on the buttocks. On general condition The rash does not affect the baby in any way, after some time it goes away on its own, however, with a very profuse rash, an increase in temperature and enlargement of the lymph nodes may be observed. The disease does not require specific treatment other than symptomatic.

Acne of newborns.

The cause of acne in newborns is considered to be the activation of the baby's sebaceous glands. It appears in the form of pustules, mainly on the face, less often on the head and neck.

Just like erythema, it is a physiological condition and does not require special treatment. The rash goes away on its own without leaving any scars.

Prickly heat.

Miliaria occurs as a response of the child’s skin to non-compliance with the temperature regime. If the baby is dressed too warmly, the sweat does not have time to completely evaporate, and irritation appears. Usually localized in the bends of the arms and legs, on the back, on the back of the head in the form of white or translucent bubbles no larger than 1 mm in size. Miliaria quickly goes away when the cause of overheating is eliminated and proper hygiene is used: there is no need to wrap the child up, clothes should be made from natural fabrics so as not to interfere with sweating, after bathing, do not rush to immediately dress the baby - air baths are very useful for children.

Diaper dermatitis.

The name itself speaks about the source of the disease - untimely changing of diapers; It’s even more dangerous when the diaper is soaked in a mixture of the baby’s urine and feces; especially caustic substances are formed in this environment that irritate the baby’s skin. In the groin area and on the buttocks, abrasions and redness form.

With absence proper hygiene A severe form of dermatitis may develop - blisters, weeping erosions.

Proper care and hygiene will not only eliminate the symptoms of the disease, but also prevent its recurrence.

Disposable diapers - good remedy prevention of diaper dermatitis, because, by absorbing and absorbing urine, they do not allow it to combine with feces. Diapers should be selected strictly according to the child’s weight and changed every 3-5 hours.

Diseases caused by infection and accompanied by red spots on the arms, legs, back and abdomen

Measles.

Up to 4 weeks can pass between the entry of the virus and the first manifestations of the disease.
The possibility of infection increases in the last five days of the latent period.
The onset of the disease is characterized by high fever, cough and runny nose; loose stool, weight loss in infants over about four days.
On inner surface small white spots appear on the cheeks, similar to semolina porridge, it is by them that measles is diagnosed. At the peak of these manifestations, the rash, starting from the head, moves to top part body, arms and legs. Around day 4, the baby is covered in a rash. As the rashes increase, the signs of a cold disappear and the child becomes mobile.
Measles rash leaves spots that first peel off and then disappear completely.
There is no special treatment for measles, only symptomatic, to alleviate the child’s condition - antipyretic drugs, cough and runny nose remedies, and plenty of fluids.
Once a child recovers from measles, he or she gains lifelong immunity.
Measles is a highly contagious disease, the most effective prevention- vaccination.

Rubella

Scarlet fever.

A sharp increase in temperature to 39°, enlarged lymph nodes, the baby becomes lethargic.
A sore throat develops rapidly, it is difficult for the child to swallow, the tongue becomes covered with a whitish coating, the larynx is bright red, inflamed, and on about the fourth day the tongue clears up, also becoming red.
On the 1-2 day of illness, a rash appears - pinpoint rashes on reddened skin, especially a lot of rash in the groin, armpits and elbows. A clear sign of scarlet fever is a pale nasolabial triangle surrounded by bright red cheek skin.
The rash goes away on the third or fourth day, however, the sore throat will have to be treated for several more days.
Scarlet fever is treated with drugs of the penicillin group, also prescribed antihistamines, drinking plenty of fluids, bed rest.
Scarlet fever builds immunity in the person who has been ill; there are no vaccinations against it, since it is caused not by viruses, but by group A streptococcus.

Infectious mononucleosis.

Mononucleosis can be contracted through contact with someone who is sick.
The latent period of the disease lasts from 5 to 15 days, the disease itself lasts 7-10 days.
There is an increase in temperature, muscle aches, the child may sweat heavily, all lymph nodes are enlarged, nasal breathing difficult, but there is no discharge, the tonsils are enlarged, covered with white or yellow coating, the liver and spleen are also enlarged, the urine is dark.
A small pink rash appears on the arms, back, and stomach, which does not itch and disappears after a few days. Mononucleosis can be distinguished from ARVI by conducting a blood test - the content of mononuclear cells in the blood will be increased.
Mononucleosis is a viral disease, its treatment is nonspecific - antipyretics and antihistamines are prescribed, choleretic and hepatoprotective drugs are prescribed to restore the liver, and immunomodulators are prescribed to strengthen the immune system. During the year after the disease, the child’s condition is constantly monitored.
There is no vaccination for infectious mononucleosis.

Erythema infectiosum

Sudden exanthema

Characterized by high fever and skin rashes, most often children from 9 months to 1 year get sick, infants under 5 months get sick less often.
The latent period is considered to be from 5 to 15 days from the moment of infection.
The disease begins suddenly, with a high temperature, there are no catarrhal symptoms, if they occur, they are rare, the child is weakened, he has no appetite, and nausea occurs. Sometimes convulsions occur against a background of high temperature, but they go away on their own.
The fever subsides on the 3rd day, at the same time the child develops a rash that quickly spreads from the back and abdomen to the rest of the body (chest, face, legs and arms).
The rash is pink, dotted or in the form of small spots, does not merge and does not itch, and is not contagious.
During the period of the rash, the child’s well-being improves, and within 2-4 days the rash disappears completely.
Exanthema is also called three-day fever for a rapid period of development, it mainly occurs during teething, and high temperature is associated with this, without having time to diagnose the underlying disease.
Treatment of the disease is also symptomatic - taking antipyretic and antihistamine drugs.
Sudden exanthema causes persistent immunity; vaccination is not carried out.

Varicella or chickenpox.

Meningococcal sepsis.

Sepsis begins rapidly - high fever up to 40°, anxiety, vomiting, loose stools, and convulsions may occur. The occipital muscles are painful, the child throws his head back and tightens his legs.
Some time after these symptoms, a characteristic rash appears on the skin - star-shaped, it does not turn pale when pressed - hallmark hemorrhagic rash.
Hemorrhages in the adrenal glands may occur, which appear on the skin as bluish, cadaver-like spots. If you don't take action urgent measures, the child may die on the first day.
Treatment of sepsis is classified as emergency and is carried out:
antibiotic therapy (penicillin);
anticonvulsant therapy;
introduction of saline solutions;
cardiovascular drugs;
treatment that relieves other syndromes.
Treatment is carried out only inpatient.

If the family of the sick person has small children or employees of child care institutions, mandatory vaccination is carried out. Vaccination is one of the most effective methods prevention of meningococcal sepsis.

Impetigo.

Types of rashes that are not infectious in nature

Atopic dermatitis.

The genetic disease is the most common skin lesion and has the character chronic disease, accompanied by periods of exacerbation and remission, usually begins in connection with the transition to formula or after the introduction of complementary foods in the first six months of a child’s life.

The rash is localized on the cheeks, frontal area, can gradually appear under the knees, on the shoulders, the skin of the buttocks is sometimes affected - this is the infantile phase, after 18 months of age the disease enters the childhood phase and is characterized by red spots that can form solid lesions, mainly in the elbows and popliteal folds, on the sides of the cheeks, on the hands.

The spots are very itchy, the child scratches them, so they may be covered with crusts. TO adolescence, while following a diet and proper therapy, dermatitis progresses to adult form in about 30% of children, in the rest it goes away completely.

Diet is the main element of treatment, as well as antipruritic and decongestant therapy with antihistamines.

Allergy rash.

Manifestations of allergies are varied: tearfulness, sneezing, rashes. Hives, contact dermatitis- types of allergic reactions, which are characterized by rashes on the body.

With direct contact with an allergen - this could be ointments, creams, some woolen products - allergic contact dermatitis may occur.

The rash looks like blisters filled with liquid, and the surrounding skin is swollen and red.

Urticaria is a reaction to ingestion of a product containing an allergen; the rash appears in the form of raised, severely itchy spots that can merge into one, increasing the surface of the irritation.

How to treat allergies?

First of all, identify and eliminate the provoking factor;
antihistamines will relieve swelling and itching;
to remove allergen remnants from the body, they take drugs that remove toxins - activated carbon;
spots can be lubricated with antihistamine ointments.

Insect bites

An itchy blister appears at the site of the insect bite, the skin around it is red and slightly swollen.

It is necessary to apply cold to the bite site and lubricate it with antihistamine ointment, try to prevent scratching so that the child does not get an additional infection, watch the baby so as not to miss severe reaction for a bite - if you have difficulty breathing or fever, call a doctor.

Mosquitoes

Red blister.
It may develop into a papule and not go away for several days.
Less commonly, redness with swelling.

Wasps, bees

Sudden pain, redness, swelling
A sting may remain at the site of the bite.
Less commonly, urticaria and Quincke's edema.

Scabies mites

Severe night itching.
Pronounced burrows, papules
Located between the fingers, in the groin, in the elbow and knee bends.

Bedbugs

The number of bites increases after night.
Itchy papules in the form of a track.

Rash emergencies. First aid

If the rash on the body is accompanied the following symptoms, you must call a doctor immediately:

a sharp increase in body temperature;
with hemorrhagic stellate rash;
the child has difficulty breathing;
the rash covers the entire body and causes severe itching;
vomiting and loss of consciousness begin.

Carry out the following manipulations:

lay the child on the floor with his legs raised;
if you lose consciousness, lay on your side;
do not feed or give water to the child.

Antihistamines approved for pediatric use

What is strictly prohibited if a rash appears in a child?

squeeze out or open blisters, pustules;
Allow your child to scratch the blisters;
Before examination by a pediatrician, lubricate the rash with something.

Rash in young children can be caused by the most for various reasons: from minor irritation to serious illness. Of course, it is necessary to distinguish between the types of rashes, to know the symptoms of diseases that cause the rash, but self-medication, ignoring the examination of a sick child by a pediatrician, is unacceptable.