Lost vision: why this happened and what to do. Visual impairment: how not to lose the ability to see

The reasons for a sharp deterioration in vision may be associated with chronic diseases, disorders in the body, or simply be a manifestation of age.
Vision problems most often occur in older people.

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Types and classification of vision impairment in older people

• Amblyopia. In this case, vision may deteriorate sharply, most often affecting one eye. This disorder cannot be corrected with lenses or glasses. A person cannot adequately estimate the volume of an object and the distance to it.
• Astigmatism. In this case, the disease can cause double vision in the eyes, the image has blurry outlines, the eyes get tired very quickly, which can lead to headaches. A person with this diagnosis has to constantly squint to improve the visual image.
• Prespiobia. This disease can be called differently as senile farsightedness. Most often, this diagnosis occurs in people who have crossed the age threshold of forty.

  The peak of this disease occurs at sixty years of age. The person loses the normal ability to see nearby objects clearly.

• Cataract. This disease causes clouding eye lens, which can lead to loss of normal vision. This diagnosis is most often typical for people over fifty.
• Glaucoma. This eye disease can be called chronic. With this diagnosis, there is a constant increase in intraocular pressure. In this regard, disturbances in the outflow of trophic fluid that occur inside the eye may develop. Most often, the retina and optic nerve are the most affected.
• Age-related macular degeneration. The area of ​​the retina that is under attack is located in the center and is called the macula. It is this macula that plays very important role in providing the eye with vision.

Age-related macular degeneration can become an irreversible cause of vision loss in people over the age of fifty.

The International Classification of Diseases-10 divides visual function into:

1. Vision that is normal;
2. Moderately impaired vision;
3. Severely impaired vision;
4. Total loss vision, that is, blindness.

Main disorders and problems

Visual disorders include the following problems in older people:

• A person perceives color poorly;
• Poor response when light brightness changes;
• Objects around blur;
• Strong light causes increased sensitivity;
• The field of view becomes limited;
• Objects in space cannot be correctly identified.

Negative age-related changes

The most common reasons include:

1. Poor blood circulation in the eye area;
2. Heredity;
3. Chronic diseases;
4. Complications after acute forms of certain diseases;
5. Retinal atrophy;
6. Intraocular increased pressure;
7. Diseases associated with the lens, retina, cornea;
8. Work activities associated with heavy strain on the eyes;
9. Work that may be hazardous to the eyes, such as welding.

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The effect of the computer on the eyes

Studies have proven that frequent contact with a computer can negatively affect the quality of vision.

The main reasons for this:

1. Dry eye syndrome. With this syndrome there are discomfort as:
   • redness;
   • fear of light;
   • feeling of sand in the eyes;
   • sting.

   All this happens because, looking at the monitor, a person begins to blink less often than expected, and this can lead to drying out of the mucous membrane of the eye.

2. The monitor is too close. When a person is very long time focuses your gaze on a monitor that is too close, you may experience visual fatigue syndrome, which negatively affects your vision.

Therefore, it is worth following some rules to preserve your vision into old age:

• The distance between the monitor and the eyes should not be less than 70 centimeters;
• Looking straight ahead, the top edge of the monitor should be visible;
• Periodically looking away from the monitor for half a minute, look at surrounding objects at different distances;
• Leave the area near the computer for 10 minutes every hour;
• Don't forget to drink plenty of liquids, preferably plain water;
• You can use pharmaceutical preparations to moisturize your eyes.

Causes of unilateral deterioration

A sharp deterioration in vision in one eye can be a consequence of the following diseases:

1. Optic neuropathy. That is, unilateral vision loss occurs due to ischemia, which can be caused by diseases such as:
   • diabetes;
   • hypertension;
   • atherosclerosis.
2. Temporal arteritis. This is damage to blood vessels: eyes, head, arteries, which can cause blurred vision. Medicine has not fully figured out why such problems arise.

   The inflammatory process associated with the temporal artery can lead to complete blindness on one side. Elderly women are often at risk.

3. Stenosis carotid artery. In elderly patients, vision may temporarily deteriorate sharply due to changes in blood flow in the retina. With this diagnosis, unilateral visual impairment can last from several minutes to several hours.

   After such an attack, in a third of patients, cerebral circulation is disrupted.

Diseases that can lead to a sharp deterioration in vision:

1. Diabetes. This disease can be called the main one among those that can affect vision impairment. Diabetic retinopathy occurs due to the formation of more blood vessels in the retina. This is due to metabolic disorders.
2. Hypertension. High pressure has a destructive effect on the capillaries that help transport oxygen to the retina. Sometimes this disease can even lead to blindness.
3. Atherosclerosis. This disease can lead to a heart attack of the eye due to blockage of the arteries that go to the retina.
4. Kidney inflammation can also affect the quality of vision, although this is rare. Inflammation can disrupt metabolic processes in the retina.
5. Thyroid diseases. In this case, partial vision loss occurs due to atrophy optic nerve.
6. Organic brain lesions. Vision very often deteriorates after microstrokes.
7. Hepatitis. Hepatitis C particularly affects vision loss.

Effective treatment of pathology

• If the cause of vision impairment is related to underlying diseases, then they simply need to be eliminated.
• If you have diabetes, the patient must constantly monitor their sugar levels and undergo regular examinations.
• For glaucoma and cataracts, surgery is performed using a laser or scalpel.
• Myopia is treated conservatively or with surgical intervention. That is, they either prescribe glasses and contacts, or perform surgery using a laser, with the help of which the lens is replaced with an implant.

With the help of special gymnastics, you can reduce the risk of vision loss to a minimum from age to age.

Gymnastics:

• No. 1. Very effective exercise, this is the movement of the eyes from side to side, as well as up, down and clockwise.
• No. 2. Drawing with your nose will help improve blood circulation. When drawing, only the neck and head should be in motion. You can draw letters, numbers and other geometric figures.
• No. 3. Shift your gaze, first to a nearby object, then to a distant object.
• No. 4. Having fixed your gaze on one object, make different movements with your head, these can be turns, as well as movements down and up.

It is much easier to prevent loss of vision than to restore it - be sure to visit an ophthalmologist and follow his recommendations.

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• If your eyes are constantly subject to overstrain, then it is advisable to include carrot juice with parsley in your diet.
• The blood vessels of the eyes will be strong and elastic if you eat apricots and drink rosehip decoction.
• If myopia is present, then it is very good to eat pumpkin and take hawthorn tincture or decoction.
• Glaucoma, cataracts and optic nerve disease are well treated by parsley juice; you can drink a tablespoon of it daily.

Poor vision if you are a carrier of hepatitis C

If a sharp deterioration in vision occurs, you should immediately consult your doctor. Problems associated with vision damage arise on a bilateral basis. Then, as experts note, we can talk about neurological deviations.

Often the reason why a sharp deterioration in a person’s vision can occur is viral hepatitis WITH.

Now science distinguishes several stages of this disease.

Among them are usually the following:

1. Acute stage of the disease. It is characterized by increased pain in the abdominal area and may be accompanied by a number of other symptoms. It continues for about a week. At the same time, a person’s temperature may rise slightly.
2. Protracted form of the disease. It manifests itself with almost the same symptoms as in the first case. However, the pain is not sharp, but rather nagging in nature. In this case, the temperature can either rise or return to normal.
3. Chronic form of the disease. This current The disease is characterized by the fact that for a very long time the patient practically does not feel any signs of the disease. Sometimes he may be bothered by slight nagging pains. After a certain period of time, this disease most likely enters the acute phase.

It should also be taken into account that if the disease is not treated properly over time, it can cause a number of complications. Such complications include a sharp deterioration in vision. This is due to the fact that inflammation of the eye tissue occurs. Therefore, a rapid and irreversible process occurs, which has a harmful effect on the condition of the organ. As a result, a person’s vision decreases very quickly, and restoring it later is very problematic.

The eyes are an organ that is constantly under great stress. We use it almost all day in our activities. Only at night does he get a little rest. Therefore, it is not difficult to assume that the eyes are very susceptible to harmful effects. At the same time, the consequences of such actions are deterioration visual function in humans.

One of the methods designed to restore a person’s vision is the periodic intake of certain groups of vitamins.

Among the many vitamins, you should pay attention Special attention to the following:

1. Riboflamin. This drug is actively used in the prevention or treatment of dystrophic type changes in the ocular cornea. It is recommended to be eaten together with fermented milk products. Its use together with mushrooms, meat, fish and nuts will also be effective. In this case, you need to remember one rule. This vitamin has the property of rapid destruction in a situation where boiling occurs. Therefore, it is not recommended to be used in food together with hot decoctions and teas.
2. Thiamine. This vitamin seems to be very important from the point of view of the transmission of nerve impulses that are transmitted from the brain directly to the organs of vision. With its help, it is possible to actively resist glaucoma. Also, the use of this vitamin allows you to normalize intraocular pressure. In its natural form it is available in bakery products and liver.
3. Cyanocobalamin. This substance, according to experts, allows you to normalize processes associated with blood circulation and stabilize the functioning of nerve fibers present in the eyes. This vitamin is found in a number of foods. Among such products, doctors recommend eating dairy products and eggs. There is especially a lot of it in egg yolks. This vitamin is also found in fish and liver.
4. Lutein. Application of this vitamin helps strengthen the lens of the eye and its retina. However, you should be aware that it can be found in a fairly limited number of products. Now experts recommend eating spinach and sweet paprika to replenish the reserves of this vitamin.

1. Lutein Complex. It is produced by the company Ecomir.
2. Optix.
3. Doppergelz Active. This drug can be purchased in pharmacies. Naturally, based on the name, it is produced by the Doppergelz company.
4. Strix with blueberries. They are produced by the company. Ferro San.
5. Tears.
6. Focus and Focus Forte.
7. Aevit. These are the most common and inexpensive vitamins on the market.

The most effective vitamins in the form of eye drops and ointments

1. Riboflavin. These drops should be used in situations where there is increased eye fatigue. They should also be used in case of deterioration of vision or in situations of scarring of wounds that occur as a result of burns. More this remedy allows you to cure conjunctevitis in a couple of days.
2. Tuafon. It is used for cataracts. It is also effective in case of eye injury. In addition, such drops help relieve fatigue and dry eyes.
3. Sancatalin and Quinax. This series of drops is mainly used during the eye cataract treatment process. About a couple of weeks after starting to use these drops, most patients experience progress in improving their vision. These drops also help eliminate eye inflammation.
4. Vitafalok and Katahrom. This drug is recommended by experts for use during the treatment of eye cataracts in the initial stages. It is interesting that these drops have the greatest effect psychologically. When used, the lens is cleansed and dryness in the eyes is eliminated.
5. Cromohexal. This medicine Experts recommend using it for patients when plants are in flower. This drug is also effective in treating allergic diseases in the patient's eyes. As a result of its use, burning and tearing in the eyes practically disappear. A high effect of its use in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis is also noted.

Prevention of visual impairment

To prevent vision deterioration in time, you should follow a series of preventive measures acceptance.

Among such preventive measures, experts recommend the following:

1. Performing eye exercises. It is recommended to do this exercise three times during the day. It contains several simple exercises that can be performed independently in a normal home environment.
2. Taking preventive medicines which are prescribed by a doctor. In this case, you should strictly adhere to the doctor’s prescriptions and the period of time recommended for taking the medications. In most cases, such drugs are drops.
3. It is necessary to lead healthy image life. To do this, you need to follow a daily routine and eat a nutritious diet rich in essential vitamins.

A sharp deterioration in vision - reasons for the decline

This will help:

• Deterioration of vision

A person whose vision in one eye has deteriorated becomes uncomfortable living. It’s good when the difference in eye vision is barely noticeable. And if the eyes see completely differently, for example: 1 - left and 0.5 - right, then the person himself notices that a veil seems to be hanging over one eye. Differences in eye vision lead to headaches and muscle tension.

Deterioration of vision

The eye is very important organ. It is thanks to him that a person receives most of the information about the world around him. However, deteriorating vision often does not cause much concern for people. They think it is due to age-related changes or fatigue.

Indeed, visual impairment is not always associated with diseases.

The following factors can also lead to this symptom:

• overwork;
• lack of sleep;
• constant stress;
• prolonged visual strain (for example, at the computer).

Often, in order for vision to normalize, it is enough just to rest, do eye gymnastics. One of the exercises is called palming. The idea is to relax the eyes by placing warm palms over the eyes so that the hands are not in direct contact with them.

To perform this exercise, you need to place your heated palms on your eyes so that your fingers overlap each other, and your palms cover part of your nose and do not let in sunlight. Sit in this position for 4 minutes. You can use another technique, which consists of various eye movements along given trajectories. You need to look at close and distant objects alternately, rotate your eyes in one direction or the other, draw imaginary crosses with your eyes. All this helps restore eye muscles and improve vision.

If these exercises are not beneficial and your vision deteriorates, you should consult a doctor for further diagnosis.

There are many causes of vision loss:

1. Loss of eye muscle tone. The reason lies in constant reading of text and computer use. Because the eye focuses at one distance, the muscles that control the lens of the eye weaken. You need to do eye exercises, looking at distant and close objects alternately.
2. Age-related vision loss, or retinal aging. There is only one way out - to increase the consumption of foods containing vitamin A.
3. Poor circulation. It is better to regularly consult with specialists.
4. Eye strain. The rooms should have good lighting: neither bright nor dim.
5. Dry eyes. It can occur both due to frequent use of the computer, and due to the fact that the person has not cried for a long time. Moisturizing eye drops will bring him salvation.

If all these conditions and rules are observed, you can not only maintain the ability to see, but also improve it slightly.

Most often, blurred vision is a symptom of any of the following diseases:

• diseases of the eyes themselves;
• general diseases;
• disorders of the tissues surrounding the eyes.

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Deterioration of vision in one eye

Very often, deterioration of vision in one eye indicates the presence of some kind of disease, for example, Leber syndrome. This is a hereditary disease that is transmitted mainly through the female line between men and women, but men suffer from it twice as often.

Another disease that affects vision is stroke. It is also the most common among those who complain of loss of vision in one eye. The ability of one eye to see well may also decrease in the case of retinal detachment, acute glaucoma with severe pain, or migraine.

A very common cause is diseases of the lens, which lead to cataracts or other visual impairments, the main ones being myopia and farsightedness. The names speak for themselves. With farsightedness, a person sees better in the distance, and with myopia, he sees better near.

Farsightedness is generally considered an age-related change, while nearsightedness occurs in many people. It can be caused by eye strain, poor blood supply, head injuries and various diseases.

Vision may deteriorate over time or drop sharply in a matter of days. It is very important to note the speed at which vision in one eye deteriorated. This will help the ophthalmologist identify the cause of vision deterioration.

When diagnosing the cause of vision loss, age, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and cholesterol levels are taken into account. All this directly affects the quality of vision. At your appointment, the doctor will ask you to determine your vision using the Sivtsev table. He will then examine your fundus in both eyes. Next you hand over everything necessary tests. After this, you are diagnosed and treated.

What does decreased vision in one eye mean? Usually vision decreases in both eyes at once, but a situation may arise when one eye begins to see worse than the other (i.e. vision decreases in only one eye). You should not leave this situation unattended; you definitely need to go to a specialist and find out the cause of this symptom. A sharp deterioration in vision in one eye can occur at any age and the cause can be a serious illness.

Note!  "Before you start reading the article, find out how Albina Guryeva was able to overcome problems with her vision by using...

Causes

Vision in one eye can deteriorate due to various reasons. Let's look at them.

Retinal detachment

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If vision in one eye has sharply decreased, you see “spots” or a “veil” has appeared in front of the eye, retinal detachment may occur. This pathology can occur against the background of dystrophy of the peripheral zones of the retina and their rupture. Intraocular fluid flows into these areas, which leads to detachment of the membrane.

This disease can occur:

• in people with myopia;
• due to injury;
• against the background of other eye diseases;
• by inheritance;
• during work involving heavy lifting and heavy physical activity. In this case, it is mandatory to undergo an examination by an ophthalmologist using a special apparatus (slit lamp) once a year.

Leber syndrome

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A hereditary disease in which the cells of the retina and optic nerve are destroyed, and in just two to three weeks vision deteriorates and a “blind spot” appears in one eye, and after a few months it may appear in the second. Most often, this disease affects men of active age, approximately twenty to thirty years old.

Although this is a genetic disease, it has been proven that it is provoked by several factors:

• nervous shock;
• tobacco and alcohol abuse;
• exposure to toxic substances;
• use of various medications;
• past infections.

Only recently, scientists at the University of Miami managed to develop a method for treating Leber syndrome.

Glaucoma

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If your vision in one eye has sharply deteriorated, and you also notice following symptoms, that is, the risk of occurrence acute form angle-closure glaucoma.

If you experience these accompanying symptoms, you should definitely consult a doctor:

• sharp pain in the eye;
• the eye turned red and a veil appeared before it;
• sometimes there are attacks of nausea and vomiting;
• increased intraocular pressure.

Cataract

If vision in one eye has decreased, this may indicate the presence of some pathology of the lens, for example: various types of cataracts (i.e., clouding of the lens). As a rule, this is an age-related change, but it can also appear in connection with injuries, illness, chemical poisoning or radiation.

Treatment of cataracts is possible with conservative methods, only initial stage disease, but it can only be cured with the help surgical operation- cataract extraction using various methods.

Strabismus

This disease occurs at different ages, but children are more susceptible to it. Strabismus is a disorder in the functioning of the eye muscles in one eye, due to which vision in that eye may decrease. The diseased eye, due to weakness in the muscles, gives a different picture from the healthy eye and eventually stops working, which leads to amblyopia.

Strabismus can be congenital (rare) or acquired. In the second case it is associated with:

• consequences of prematurity;
• illnesses and use of various medications by the mother during pregnancy;
• various eye diseases, ametropia;
• Injuries and damages.

The easiest way to correct strabismus is to childhood. This is why it is so important to see doctors.

Amblyopia

This disease is more common in children, in adults in Russia only in two percent of cases. Amblyopia develops against the background of:

1. strabismus;
2. congenital pathology of the lens or cornea;
3. differences in visual acuity between eyes.

A child’s visual organs develop up to the age of eleven; his eyes, adapting to the perception of the surrounding world, suppress the visual image obtained from the blurry eye with a clearly seeing eye. This is how “lazy eye” or amblyopia develops.

The disease itself does not go away, but children rarely complain if their vision begins to deteriorate. Therefore, parents are required to be observant. During this period, it is possible to correct the pathology if the cause is eliminated! However, in adulthood it is very difficult to reconfigure the eyes to function properly, which is why it is so important to detect it in time and begin treatment.

Amblyopia can be cured by eliminating ametropia of the eye, using pleoptic methods, especially direct occlusion (switching off the healthy eye) and various physiotherapeutic actions. Diagnosis and treatment must be prescribed by a specialist - an ophthalmologist; sometimes a consultation with a neurologist is required.

Eye injury

No one is immune from eye injury. If you have blind spots in front of any eye, this may be the consequences of injury. The injury can be mechanical or chemical in nature:

• ingress of various kinds of particles (specks, soap, varnish, shampoos, midges, and so on);
• mechanical damage (knife, glass, finger, injury, correlation, etc.);
• various types of burns (thermal, frostbite, chemical, radiation).

The main conclusion you should make is not to wait for your vision to deteriorate, but to constantly undergo examinations by specialists, lead a healthy lifestyle, be careful, walk as much as possible and not overexert your body.

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A sharp deterioration in vision greatly changes the quality of life. The reasons for this may be different. When vision gradually declines, a person manages to adapt to the impairment. But the rapid loss of visual ability of the eye causes panic and can plunge one into severe depression. After all, more than 90% of the information received from the outside is provided by the eyes. To preserve vision, you need to pay attention to your eyes not sporadically (from time to time), but constantly. The visual function of the eyes also depends on the condition of the body as a whole. Why does a person begin to see poorly?

What happens to vision?

The first symptoms of impaired visual function are considered to be the inability to qualitatively distinguish the contours of more or less distant objects, blurry pictures, a “veil” before the eyes, inability to read, etc. The loss of good quality vision is associated not only with defects in the visual organs themselves. A drop in visual acuity or its loss may be a symptom of serious systemic diseases body. The pathological condition of the eyes can be temporary (passing) or permanent, persistent.

Loss or deterioration of visual ability may be:

• bilateral - the lesion is most often the cause of a neurogenic disorder;
• unilateral - usually associated with a local problem (defect of eye tissue, local vascular pathology).

Why does vision decline rapidly, suddenly? The causes of a sharp, spontaneous loss of visual viability of the eyes (one or two) are usually classified as ophthalmological (directly related to the physiology and anatomy of the eyes) and general - those reasons that are associated with various general diseases body.

The loss of basic eye function is not always associated with organic disorders body.

Visual acuity may temporarily but sharply decrease due to overwork, constant lack of sleep, prolonged stay in front of a computer monitor, especially if everyday life is associated with it. work activity person.

Ophthalmic factors

A spontaneous decrease in the ability of one or both eyes to see well, its complete or partial loss is a consequence of many ophthalmological pathologies:

1. Injuries (mechanical, chemical) of the visual organs. We're talking about bruises eyeball, thermal burns, exposure of aggressive chemicals to the eye, foreign objects, orbital fractures. Particularly severe wounds are caused by piercing and cutting agents; loss of the ability to see in the eye is often a consequence of their exposure. Chemical agents often affect not only the surface layer, but also more deep structures eyeball.
2. Retinal hemorrhage. The reasons for this may be different - excessive physical exercise, fragility vascular walls, prolonged labor, venous stasis, intraocular hypertension.
3. Acute eye infections (usually affecting not one, but both eyes) - fungal, viral, bacterial. This includes blenorrhea, conjunctivitis of various etiologies, keratitis, ulcers eye membranes. Loss of quality of vision is usually temporary.
4. Detachment of the retina and eyeball, their ruptures.
5. Optic neuropathy. The nature of the lesion is ischemic. There is a sudden loss of vision, usually one-sided, pain syndrome however, it is missing. Examination reveals false papilledema, pallor retina.
6. Retinal migraine is characterized by a monocular scotoma (a blind spot in the visual field). Its appearance is associated with dyscirculation in the central artery of the retina. It can alternate with another type of migraine - ophthalmological, in which attacks of severe headache are associated with visual dysfunction (sparks before the eyes, flickering, scotomas).

All these pathological conditions are acute. If your vision suddenly deteriorates, you should immediately consult a doctor. Timely assistance in most cases helps restore vision, stop its decline, and save the eyes.

Intracranial hypertension - benign

Promotion intracranial pressure benign nature is usually characteristic of girls who are prone to obesity and suffer from cycle disorders. Various pathologies predispose to the disease endocrine system, pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia.

Accompanied by severe pain in the back of the head, which can also be asymmetrical and generalized. Another characteristic symptom– severe visual dysfunction (reduced visibility). A special study indicates swelling of the optic nerve, congestion, and hemorrhages.

Temporal arteritis

Inflammatory damage to arterial vessels: vessels of the head, eyes. This is accompanied by deterioration of vision. The causes of this pathology have not been definitively established. The disease quite often provokes complete one-sided blindness. The disease mainly affects older female representatives of the population.

In addition to eye symptoms, there is headache, tension and soreness temporal artery. Indicators are changing laboratory tests, which indicate the presence of an inflammatory process.

Amavrosis fugax

Amavrosis fugax – sudden blindness. Stenosis of the internal carotid artery is observed in older patients. As a result of this pathology, a person’s vision suddenly and abruptly disappears. The reason is a transient fluctuation in the level of blood flow in the retina area. Other characteristic signs: noise in the projection of the artery (determined during auscultation), contralateral hemisymptoms, weakness in the limbs, etc. Vision in one (usually) eye deteriorates completely unexpectedly, over a period of minutes or hours. The disturbance continues—loss of visual ability of the eye—for several hours.

Amavrosis fugax may be a consequence of retinal vascular embolism. The cause of the pathology is damage to the carotid artery (internal). With the blood flow, the embolic formation penetrates the vessels of the retina, causing ischemia. The body has a special function provided by nature - the dissolution of blood clots, therefore blindness is often transient. In the acute phase, the retinal artery is fused, in it, with the help additional methods examination (angiography) reveals a blood clot.

Other causative factors

Among the other reasons that cause vision loss are the following:

• toxic neuropathy (optic) – a consequence of poisoning with methyl alcohol, various alcohol substitutes, cyanides, etc. Intoxication with these substances can cause complete blindness;
• cervical osteochondrosis, strangulated hernias, compression of blood vessels in this part of the spine, injuries lead to disruption of the blood supply to the eyes;
• tumors localized in the pituitary gland. Why is vision impaired in this case? The tumor compresses the optic nerves, causing a decrease in visual perception;
• various disorders of cerebral circulation - accompanied by a sharp spasm of blood vessels, as a result of which visual acuity suffers;
• venereal diseases;
• endocrine pathologies (hypo- or hyperthyroidism, diffuse toxic goiter);
• fracture of the base of the skull – if the injury occurs in the area of ​​the optic canal, serious impairment of visual ability and its loss occur;
• retrobulbar neuritis - inflammation of nerve tissue. In addition to a pronounced decrease in visual function, there is flickering before the eyes and painful sensations in them. The pathology is more common in young people. Usually the lesion is unilateral, but can also be bilateral. At first, there are even no changes in the nature of the fundus. This condition happens early sign multiple sclerosis, syphilis.

A person’s vision gradually decreases due to vascular damage due to diabetes mellitus (diabetic retinopathy), the formation of cataracts and cataracts. Vision is impaired by pathologies of the visual organs such as farsightedness and myopia. The progression of these diseases leads to loss of the ability to see well. Natural wear and tear of eye tissue and the presence of many concomitant diseases are the reasons for decreased vision in old age.

Due to acute stress, visual dysfunction – “psychogenic blindness” – can occur. She often threatens representatives of the fair half of humanity.

Why? Women are distinguished by their emotionality and psychological sensitivity. The patient complains that her vision has sharply decreased. The reactions of the pupils of the eye are preserved, there are no pathological changes in the fundus.

Inattention to eye symptoms may result in complete loss of visual perception. Treatment depends on the cause of the disorder, severity pathological disorder. In any case, contacting a specialist is an urgent need. Take care of your eyes, monitor their health!

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Incredible facts

We can all remember at least a few phrases that our parents or teachers often told us in childhood.

For example, that if you squint your eyes, you can remain that way for the rest of your life, or that you can ruin your eyesight if you read in the dark.

At the same time, many of us still believe that if you eat a lot of carrots, you can significantly improve your vision.

These and other most common misconceptions about vision.

1. If you squint your eyes, you can remain squinted for life.

It is a myth that your eyes will become frozen in this position if you squint too often. Strabismus or strabismus occurs when the eyes do not look in one direction at the same time. Each eye has six muscles attached to it, controlled by signals from the brain that control their movement. When the position of the eyes is disturbed, the brain receives two different images. Over time, this can lead to more severe vision problems. But strabismus is not caused by a person deliberately crossing their eyes for a short period of time.

2. Wearing glasses too often can damage your vision.

According to myth, wearing glasses for conditions such as nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism can weaken or worsen vision. This is not true, nor is it true that vision can be damaged by wearing glasses with strong diopters, although this may cause temporary strain or headache.

However, children need to be prescribed glasses with the correct diopter. A 2002 study found that glasses with too low a prescription can increase myopia, and that the correct prescription reduces the progression of myopia.

3. Reading in the dark worsens vision.

Many probably remember how our parents repeated to us more than once about how important it is to read in good light. Light actually helps us see better because it makes it easier to focus.

And although reading in semi-darkness may cause temporary eye strain, it will not harm your vision. According to recent research, vision is negatively affected by little exposure to daylight in general.

4. If your parents have poor eyesight, you will also have poor eyesight.

Of course, some visual impairments are hereditary, but this does not guarantee that you will have the same impairment as your parents. One study found that in a family where both parents were nearsighted, the chances that the child would also be nearsighted were 30 to 40 percent. If only one parent has myopia, the child has about a 20-25 percent chance of developing myopia, and about 10 percent for children of parents without myopia.

5. A computer or TV spoils your eyesight.

Ophthalmologists often debate this topic, but most agree that for most people it is not a cause of poor vision.

On the other hand, more and more people are complaining of symptoms such as dry and irritated eyes, headaches, eye strain and difficulty focusing after prolonged screen time. This phenomenon was called computer vision syndrome, which can get worse when trying to focus on a small tablet or phone screen.

Experts recommend using rule 20-20 to eliminate the effects of time spent in front of a computer or TV screen. It sounds like this: Every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break to look about 6 meters away.

6. Vitamins will help improve vision.

According to recent research there is no the right combination vitamins that will prevent vision deterioration. Antioxidants may slow the progression of macular degeneration, one of the serious reasons loss of vision with age. But in people already suffering from this disease, vitamins do not play a big role.

Perhaps one day an effective vitamin cocktail will be developed, but there is no evidence yet that it works.

7. Dyslexia is associated with vision problems.

A recent study found that children with dyslexia were no more likely to suffer from common vision problems such as myopia, farsightedness, strabismus and focusing problems.

8. If you don't treat your lazy eye in childhood, it will remain forever.

Lazy eye or amblyopia occurs when nerve pathways between the brain and the eye are not stimulated properly, causing the brain to favor one eye. Weak eye begins to wander and eventually the brain may ignore the signals it receives. Although doctors say this disorder should be treated as early as possible, there are many treatments that can help adults as well.

9. Blind people see only darkness.

Only 18 percent of people with visual impairment are completely blind. Most people can distinguish between light and dark.

10. In space, human vision remains the same as on Earth.

Scientists have discovered that vision deteriorates in space, but cannot explain this phenomenon.

A study of seven astronauts who spent more than six months aboard the International Space Station found that all experienced blurred vision during and for several months after their space mission.

Researchers speculate that the cause may be the movement of fluid toward the head that occurs in microgravity.

11. Colorblind people do not see color.

The human eye and brain work together to interpret colors, and each of us perceives colors slightly differently. We all have photopigments in the cones of the retina. People suffering from hereditary color blindness have defects in the genes that are responsible for the production of photopigments. However, it is very rare to find people who do not see color at all.

It is more common for colorblind people to have difficulty distinguishing between colors, such as red and green, blue and yellow. Although color blindness is much more common among men, it also affects a small number of women.

12. Carrots improve night vision.

Carrots are good for vision because they contain a large amount of beta-carotene, which our body converts into vitamin A, which is important for vision. But carrots have no effect on vision in the dark.

13.The larger the eyes, the better the vision.

At birth, the eyeball measures approximately 16 mm in diameter, reaching 24 mm in adults. But increasing eye size does not mean that vision is getting better. In fact, excessive growth of the eyeball in humans can lead to myopia or nearsightedness. If the eyeball is too elongated, the lens of the eye cannot focus light to the correct part of the retina to process images clearly.

14. Pupil dilation occurs in response to changes in light.

We know that pupils contract in light and dilate in darkness. But the pupils are also responsible for changes in emotional and psychological state. Sexual arousal, solving a difficult task, fear, and other emotional and mental events can cause changes in pupil size, although the exact cause is unknown.

15. Ultraviolet radiation can only damage your eyes when the sun is shining.

Even in foggy and cloudy weather, ultraviolet radiation can damage your eyes. The rays can be reflected from water, sand, snow and shiny surfaces. Therefore, you should always have sunglasses with you. Exposure to radiation over many years can lead to the development of cataracts, a clouding of the lens that can lead to vision loss.

How much a person can do thanks to such a gift of nature as vision! It’s so wonderful to see nature and the change of seasons, interesting movies and funny pictures! And how much you can read in books and newspapers. And it’s so nice to see a dear person, to watch his facial contours, smile, eyes. But, unfortunately, such joys are not available to everyone. After all, over time, some people’s vision begins to deteriorate. What should you do in such cases? Should we turn to doctors and modern medical technologies for help, or is good old traditional medicine still not inferior to modern treatment analogues?

This question is extremely difficult to answer - there are so many people, so many opinions. Everyone will have something to say on this issue. Someone forms their opinion based on subjective experience, based on stories and information read. And someone is familiar with treatment from their own experience and knows firsthand how this or that method, tested in practice, works.

Causes of decreased vision

There can be many reasons for decreased vision, and therefore each individual case requires consideration. A common cause of deterioration is general disturbances in the functioning of the body, and loss of vision, as a rule, is just a consequence. General disorders include malaise, fatigue, various stresses, lack of nutrients in the body, and so on. If a person feels symptoms of vision deterioration, be it redness in the eyes, headache or heavy eyelids, then it is necessary to contact a specialist as soon as possible to diagnose the eyeball.

What to do?

In order to avoid unpleasant consequences, you need to reconsider your lifestyle and add many small but vital habits. First you need to reduce the time you spend near the computer monitor or laptop. If this is not possible, and the work involves being at a computer, then we can advise you to sometimes take a break from the monitor and do warm-up exercises so that there are no precedents that cause your vision to drop sharply. What to do? Gymnastics. This will be discussed in more detail later. Screen time can also cause headaches. We should not forget about proper nutrition and sleep. Because lack of substances and fatigue often lead to poor vision. What to do? It is better to consult about this not only with an ophthalmologist, but also with a therapist and nutritionist.

How to work with a computer correctly?

So how to work with a computer correctly so that your eyesight does not deteriorate? What should be done so that the user can perform his work normally without causing harm to the eyes? According to international standards, it is generally accepted that you should spend no more than 6 hours a day behind a monitor screen. For children, this figure drops to four.

And you should always take breaks to rest. During rest, you can stretch your body by doing physical exercises and do eye exercises. Also, we should not forget about ergonomics. Proper arrangement of the workplace, although it will take a certain amount of time, but everyone will be able to work in comfort and safety. It is therefore necessary to use the monitor according to safety regulations, that is, at the correct angle and at the correct distance. An important factor affecting vision in the workplace is indoor lighting. Monitor brightness is also important factor in the user's health.

Gymnastics for the eyes. What to do and how?

Gymnastics for the eyes is great way prevention to prevent vision loss. What to do for those who have just encountered a similar problem and have only heard about eye gymnastics, and even then only remotely? In fact, everything is very simple. Just a few minutes of warm-up will help relieve fatigue. To begin, close your eyes and warm them by placing your palms on your eyelids. You can also apply a few light pressures. Then it is recommended (with closed eyelids) to turn your eyes in different sides, then one, then the other. A little squeezing your eyes won't hurt either. Some experts claim that tapping your fingers on the head from the back of the head to the frontal area also helps to relax the eye tissues. Then you need to open your eyes and move on to the second phase of warm-up gymnastics.

Here you can do a lot of different manipulations with vision, whatever you want - rotate your eyes in different directions, look at the tip of your nose, focus on objects at different distances, and so on. Experts also note the benefits of games with small balls, like table tennis. Such gymnastics should be performed regularly, approximately every hour.

If your eyesight decreases, what should you eat? Healthy foods

The text mentioned that vision impairment also occurs from a lack of nutrients in the body. And what should you use when your eyesight declines? What to do so as not to feel a shortage of healthy products? You need to know, first of all, that the quality of vision directly depends on vitamins A and B6. Without them, a whole series of changes and ailments begin in the body, including vision problems, such as: increased sensitivity to harsh light, “night” blindness, when a person sees absolutely nothing in the dark. Replenishing your supply of these substances is quite simple.

It is enough that the diet always contains foods such as carrots, cod liver, currants, cabbage, and citrus fruits. We should not forget about regularly eating eggs, dairy products, and various types of cereals. If for some reason it is not possible to include all of the listed products in the diet, then food additives You can take vitamins purchased at the pharmacy. Also, some experts recommend periodically using moisturizing eye drops, such as Visine or Optiva.

Problems with blood vessels can also affect vision. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to a strict diet that will help maintain healthy blood vessels. First of all, you should limit yourself to eating sweets and starchy foods and, if possible, completely avoid salt. Although some people who are accustomed to eating delicious food will find it difficult to refuse such delicacies, they should still look at the situation from the other side and realize that on the opposite side of the scale lies health, which is much more important. Moderate exercise is also recommended. And, of course, we should not forget about the water balance in the body and take enough water. And most importantly, you need to make it a rule to regularly visit an ophthalmologist to check your vision.

At the age of 45, vision declines. How to proceed in this case?

According to statistics, vision loss most often occurs at the age of 45. What to do when your health is no longer the same as when you were twenty, but you still don’t want to get sick? At any age, the methods of treatment and prevention are the same. All the exercises and products described above will help when vision declines after 45 years. What to do if you still cannot do without glasses? It's simple - they should be worn with pride. Because they give everyone, and especially at such a mature age, solidity and charisma. Or at least they can always be replaced with contact lenses.

Folk remedies. Are they effective?

Modern medicine has not yet been fully mastered from a scientific point of view. More and more new treatment methods are emerging. And what can we say about the latest models of medical equipment, which you cannot master without special courses! But there is an alternative in situations where vision declines. What to do? Folk remedies are not yet outdated, but seem to be gaining more and more popularity. What is the secret of such techniques? Probably because they are time-tested, because people have been using them for centuries.

Treatment prescriptions traditional means countless. And from every nation you can learn something original and useful. Firstly, traditional medicine implies proper nutrition, which has already been discussed in this article. Moreover, we are talking specifically about natural products grown without any chemicals and genetically modified organisms, on natural, clean land, preferably somewhere in rural areas. So if you have the opportunity to eat food from home gardens and vegetable gardens, then you should not neglect them. And then you can forget about the fact that your eyesight is deteriorating. What to do if it is already showing the first signs of this problem, but there is no opportunity or desire to use the services of an ophthalmologist for some personal reasons? This is where a lot of advice comes in handy.

Traditional methods: decoctions

Traditional medicine has provided many decoctions and compresses that can easily compete in effectiveness with modern means. These are such as, for example, a decoction of calendula.

Nettle, for example, is a powerful remedy against a number of ailments. By eating it with soups or simply steamed in boiling water, you can avoid many diseases.

Honey

If vision deteriorates significantly, what should be done for a quick effect? Consume honey. Honey compresses are very effective in treating the eyes, and if it causes a burning sensation, then you can simply eat a few spoons of it every day.

Useful plants and berries

Aloe and motherwort are not inferior in usefulness to any tablets or mixtures. They will be very effective in the struggle for a clear vision of the world around them. Let’s not forget about the recommendations for regular consumption of foods such as cabbage, parsley, and lingonberries. Especially beneficial properties has blueberries.

There are many cases where vision was restored when this miracle berry was included in the daily diet. And how many different compresses from dandelions, mint, eyebright and others have been preserved? medicinal herbs! Wheat grains are also useful - all this is a real storehouse of vitamins, which are so necessary for normal life.

A little conclusion

So, it’s the 21st century, and the entire body, including our eyes, is under enormous stress, and as a result, vision decreases. What to do if this does happen? First of all, contact an ophthalmologist who will suggest competent treatment and effective eye exercises. But if you don’t trust doctors, you can always turn to old, proven methods.

Vision is a true gift of nature to man. We learn ninety percent of information about the world around us through visual images. At the dawn of history, vigilance helped people get food and avoid dangers. Now vision is an integral part of creative and scientific progress. The complex structure of the visual analyzer is easily damaged under the influence of pathological factors. Deterioration of vision is the main outcome of many diseases. Modern medicine can offer effective ways solving the problem.

Factors affecting visual acuity

The visual analyzer is responsible for a high-quality image of the surrounding world. It includes not only the eye itself, which is accessible to external inspection, but also the nerves going to the part of the brain that analyzes the information received. For a high-quality image, light is essential. For its refraction, there are transparent media of the eye - the cornea, the anterior chamber filled with moisture, vitreous , lens. The latter represents spherical lens

. The lens is capable of changing curvature with the help of the ciliary muscles located in the thickness of the iris. This mechanism - accommodation - underlies a person's ability to see clearly close and distant objects. The visual analyzer has

complex structure

For a high-quality image, light must hit the retina - the special sensitive membrane of the eye. Its components - rods and cones - convert light into an electrical impulse. Then the conductor, the optic nerve, comes into action. Through it, the impulse reaches the brain, where analysis and formation of a familiar image from the inverted image on the retina takes place. Visual acuity is the ability to clearly see near and distant objects.

It decreases under the influence of various factors. The process under unfavorable conditions can become rapid and irreversible. Decreased visual acuity can affect a person at any age. There are many reasons.

A healthy eye provides a clear image of near and distant objects thanks to the accommodation mechanism

Classification

There are several types of vision impairment:

Causes and development factors The eyeball may either not be formed at all, or may be a very underdeveloped rudiment. In newborns, a specific retinal disease occurs - retinopathy. An indispensable condition is prematurity. Parts of the retina peel off from the outer layer of the eye, the sclera. The degree of visual acuity impairment is directly related to the severity of prematurity.

The retina of the eye forms an electrical nerve impulse

In newborns and children of the first year of life, a special disease occurs - retinoblastoma. This malignant tumor from retinal cells. It grows quickly, destroying neighboring structures. The disease manifests itself in children who have inherited defective genes. Most often, the disease makes itself felt in early age(1–3 years). In some cases, the tumor changes the eye beyond recognition and extends beyond the orbit.

Retinoblastoma - video

At the moment of birth, the child may appear. The muscles that control the eye are damaged during various obstetric procedures (for example, obstetric forceps). A squinting eye quickly loses visual acuity. When analyzing incoming information, the brain stubbornly ignores the image received from it. As a result, visual acuity is actively reduced.

Strabismus can be congenital or acquired

Among acquired diseases common cause visual acuity disorders become inflammation. In this case, bacteria, viruses, and immunity can play a role. The disease affects any structure of the eye - the conjunctiva (), cornea (keratitis), iris (choroiditis), retina (retinitis). Particularly dangerous inflammatory process in the cornea - keratitis. The cornea eventually becomes completely cloudy and ulcers occur. Without medical intervention, visual acuity can be lost forever.

Inflammation of the cornea can lead to complete blindness

There are also several common optical problems of the eye. In this case, visual acuity decreases due to the fact that the image is formed not on the retina, but next to it.

A long eyeball leads to the formation of myopia, the image being in front of the retina. In this situation, the quality of images of distant objects suffers. The opposite case is often encountered - hypermetropia. A short eyeball causes an image to form behind the retina. This makes it difficult to distinguish close objects. Astigmatism is another optical problem of the eye. The reason is the abnormal shape of the cornea. Normally, the latter has an almost ideal spherical shape. The cornea in the shape of a cone (keratoconus) or a ball (keratoglobus) leads to the fact that the image on the retina is unclear, and visual acuity is reduced.

Myopia and farsightedness occur due to optical disorders

Astigmatism - video Glaucoma is another common ophthalmological disease. The fluid that is normally contained inside the eyeball is constantly renewed. There is a drainage between the cornea and iris to drain this fluid. Disruption of the entire system leads to a pathological increase in intraocular pressure. Glaucoma leads to vision deterioration slowly but surely.

The result can be complete blindness.

Glaucoma occurs due to problems with the outflow of intraocular fluid

Glaucoma - video Problems with the lens significantly affect visual acuity. The most common type is cataract (clouding of the lens).

Cataracts can be either congenital or acquired during life. The contours of objects with cataracts gradually become more and more blurred, the images become fuzzy. Complete loss of transparency by the lens leads to a pronounced decrease in visual acuity.

Retinal vessels are damaged by high blood pressure

The cause of deteriorating vision may lie in the brain. In the occipital region there is a special center for the analysis of visual images. Any problem that disrupts its functioning leads to either complete or partial loss of vision. Stroke, tumors, infectious diseases (encephalitis), injuries can cause vision impairment. Separately, it is worth mentioning a specific brain pathology - multiple sclerosis. The optic nerve is usually the first to suffer from its destructive effects. Sudden blindness in one eye, which resolves on its own, is usually the initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis.

In multiple sclerosis, the insulation of nerve fibers is damaged

Multiple sclerosis - video

Cause Determination Methods

A diagnostic search for the cause of deteriorating vision is not always simple and quick. The first step with such a problem is to consult an ophthalmologist. However, some diseases may require the help of other specialists and not only standard, but also more complex research methods:

• ophthalmological examination - standard method examination, which begins the search for the cause of deteriorating vision. Using a special mirror and a directed beam of light, the specialist will evaluate the structure and transparency of the conjunctiva, cornea, and lens. Any identified change leads the doctor to make the correct diagnosis;
• A slit lamp examination allows the doctor to more accurately assess the structure of some components of the eyeball. The procedure is painless and safe. In particular, the specialist is interested in the hard-to-reach area of ​​the eye in which the drainage system(anterior chamber angle);
• if keratoconus or keratoglobus is suspected, a fairly accurate and safe technique is used - keratotopography. The laser beam of the device completely scans the topography of the cornea in a few seconds. The result of the examination is a color map - a keratotopogram. Based on these data, a specialist can draw a conclusion about how serious the problem is and what to do to solve it;
• measuring intraocular pressure is a mandatory procedure when diagnosing glaucoma. The examination is safe and does not require anesthesia. A cylinder of a certain weight coated with a special washable paint is used as a measuring instrument. After contact with the cornea, the remaining ink is transferred to the paper. Intraocular pressure is measured by the thickness of the colored circle;
• Measuring visual fields is an important part of diagnosing many eye diseases (for example, glaucoma). They are measured quite accurately using a special apparatus consisting of several segments of circles inclined at different angles. The final picture allows the specialist to draw a conclusion about the condition of the retina and optic nerve;
• Visual acuity itself can be determined in two ways. A more accessible method is using tables with letters (Sivtsev’s table). For illiterate people, a special modification is provided, where the letters are replaced with open rings (Golovin’s table). To check visual acuity in children, a table with pictures (Orlova table) is used. Recently, the method of automatically checking visual acuity (refractometry) has been increasingly used;
• Rabkin tables are used to test color perception. Each drawing is made up of dots different color. A person with impaired color perception is not able to distinguish geometric shapes in pictures;
• Skiascopy is used to examine children who cannot yet speak. The method is based on changing the movement of the light spot in the pupil with different refractive powers of the eye;
• If retinal pathology is suspected, angiography is used. The vessels are filled with a special X-ray contrast agent. The resulting image allows you to identify vascular abnormalities, as well as thrombosed areas;
• effective and safe method research is ultrasound. It allows you to quite accurately determine the size of eye structures, the position of a foreign body, and identify signs of inflammation;
• Nuclear magnetic resonance technology is increasingly being used to detect eye diseases. Images obtained using magnetic resonance imaging provide valuable information about the condition of the lens, retina, and optic nerve;
• injuries, tumors, foreign bodies are a reason for an x-ray examination.

Ophthalmological research methods - photo gallery

Slit lamp examination allows evaluation of ocular structures Keratotopogram is used to assess the shape of the cornea Changes in visual fields occur in various diseases Visual acuity is checked using special tables Using Rabkin tables, color perception is checked Angiography allows you to examine the vessels of the retina
Ultrasound is used to diagnose various eye diseases MRI - modern method diagnostics of eye diseases Intraocular pressure measured using a cylinder and washable paint

Methods for improving and restoring vision

Many different techniques are currently used to improve visual acuity. To treat ophthalmological diseases, pathologies of the optic nerve and brain, medications, surgical interventions, physiotherapy and other special techniques are used.

Drug treatment

Depending on the nature of the disease, in case of deterioration of vision, different groups of medications are prescribed. Are used convenient forms release - tablets, injection solutions, eye drops and ointments.

Pharmacological drugs - table

Pharmacological group	Mechanism of action	Diseases for which medications are used	Examples of medicines
Antibiotics	Have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes	conjunctivitis; choroiditis; retinitis; keratitis	Ampicillin; Ceftriaxone; Clarithromycin; Sumamed; Meronem; Tienam; Gentamicin; Erythromycin.
Antiviral drugs	Stop the virus from multiplying	conjunctivitis; choroiditis; retinitis; keratitis	Interferon; Cycloferon; Acyclovir; Ganciclovir.
Anti-inflammatory drugs	Have antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects	conjunctivitis; choroiditis; retinitis; keratitis	Meloxicam; Nise; Ibuprofen; Celecoxib.
Drugs that reduce intraocular pressure	improve the outflow of intraocular fluid; reduce the rate of formation of intraocular fluid.	Glaucoma	Pilocarpine; Carbachol; Latanoprost; Betaxolol; Fotil; Fotil forte.
Antitumor agents	cause the death of tumor cells; reduce the size of the tumor and its secondary foci (metastases).	retinoblastoma; other types of eye and brain tumors; multiple sclerosis.	Cisplatin; Methotrexate; Azathioprine; Mitoxantrone; Cladribine.
Steroid hormones	Relieves inflammation, including immune inflammation	multiple sclerosis; meningitis; encephalitis; retinitis; Choroiditis.	Prednisolone; Hydrocortisone.
Vasoprotectors	Improve blood flow to the eye and brain	diabetic angiopathy; hypertensive angiopathy.	Dipyridamole; Chime; Trental.
Nootropics	Improves brain metabolism	meningitis; encephalitis; multiple sclerosis; optic nerve diseases.	Mexidol; Piracetam; Phezam.
Metabolic drugs	Improves metabolism in the tissues of the eye and brain	multiple sclerosis; meningitis; encephalitis; retinitis; Choroiditis.	Tocopherol; Riboflavin; Pyridoxine; Cyanocobalamin; Thiamine.

Medicines - photo gallery

Oftalmoferon has an antiviral effect Timolol is used for glaucoma Doxorubicin - antitumor drug Actovegin - a universal metabolic activator Solu-Medrol is used to treat multiple sclerosis Vitamin A is good for vision Erythromycin ointment is used for infectious diseases Nimesulide has an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect

Operations

For many diseases of the eye and brain they are used surgical methods treatment. The need for the procedure will be determined by the doctor based on the nature of the disease and the severity of the symptoms:

Hardware methods and optical vision correction

Hardware methods are a set of training for the organ of vision. They are based on the influence of magnetic, color, and light stimuli. The use of these techniques improves blood supply to the eye, prevents further deterioration of vision, and corrects strabismus. Such training can be done on an outpatient basis or at home. This treatment method is especially beneficial for children, since it contains a play component.

The Synoptophore device allows you to develop spatial vision

Optical vision correction is an important part of treatment. It is necessary so that a person can cope with everyday activities and professional responsibilities. The most proven method is correction with glasses. The power of the lenses (measured in diopters) is selected by the doctor individually. Currently spectacle correction increasingly being replaced by contact lenses. A modern achievement is the creation of intraocular lenses. They are installed directly inside the eyeball in front or behind the lens. The production is carried out in outpatient setting under local anesthesia.

Intraocular lenses - modern way optical vision correction

The beginning of school was the starting point for my vision deterioration. By the fifth grade I had to wear glasses with minus lenses of one and a half diopters. The time spent using glasses was limited only by the need to look at the board or at the TV. The annual trip to the ophthalmologist has always been a real stress for me. Each time it turned out that visual acuity again became slightly worse than it was before school year. New lenses for glasses, extremely painful injections of vitamins and physical therapy were prescribed. However, these measures had little effect. By the time I started studying at the university, the power of the lenses in my glasses had reached -3 diopters. Without glasses, distinguishing distant objects on the street and even bus numbers has become problematic. It turned out to be physically impossible to wear glasses with such diopters all the time. When looking through the glasses, I had the feeling that the floor under my feet was spherical. I absolutely did not want to step on him. By the second year I found an amazing way out of the situation - contact lenses. Firstly, their optical power rendered less. I remember my first walk down the street wearing lenses. It seemed that the world was arranged in a completely new way. Shop windows, details of signs, numbers of buses and cars - everything became clear and perfectly distinguishable. It was very easy to get used to taking off and putting on lenses. The entire process took just over two weeks. It's been about 15 years. I'm not going to give up contact lenses and replace them with glasses. Surgeries, swimming pool, driving - everything can be done with lenses. A wonderful invention.

Prevention of visual impairment

The organ of vision actually endures increased stress throughout its entire life. The beginning of school is often the starting point for vision deterioration. Lessons, homework, reading, working on the computer, watching TV should be timed and accompanied by breaks.

This also applies to adults engaged in mental work and computer work.

During breaks, it is useful to do eye exercises: Healthy food for the eyes is not a myth, but a reality. Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for normal retinal function. IN large quantities

• its predecessor, beta-carotene, is found in the following foods:
• carrots;
• sea ​​buckthorn oil;
• sorrel;
• apricots;
• pumpkin;
• chicories;
• spinach;
• liver;

egg yolk. Poor vision is a real epidemic modern society

. High-tech diagnostic and treatment methods can help in any situation. Seeing a doctor at the first signs of illness is an essential condition for successfully combating the disease.

No you can not. Exercise helps, but not much. Refractive errors (myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism) can only be corrected with exercises. These diseases have many causes, including genetic ones. It is impossible to cure this with complexes alone..

Treating short-sightedness Exercises - good way take off and get rid of headaches, dry eyes and other symptoms of fatigue. Exercise improves blood flow to the retina and helps train the eye muscles.

Vladimir Zolotarev, ophthalmologist, head of Essilor Academy Russia

• Look out the window at objects that are located far away.
• Move your eyes in different directions.
• Blink.

Such simple tasks are not annoying, and you don’t need to specially allocate time in your schedule for them. It is enough to take a break from hard work once every two hours. But even this is not possible for everyone.

In cases of retinal detachment or recovery from eye surgery, active stimulation of blood circulation can lead to deterioration of vision. In addition, exercises are not recommended for inflammatory eye diseases, so that along with tear fluid and other secretions, the infection does not spread to healthy tissues.

Vladimir Zolotarev

Correcting refractive errors requires the use of glasses, contacts, medications and surgery along with exercises.

Myth 2. Glasses only make things worse

Not true. Supporters of this myth believe that if you don’t put stress on your eyes and make life easier with glasses, your eyes will “relax” and vision problems will increase.

The myth comes from the incomplete correction technique that was popular in previous years. Previously, ophthalmologists believed that wearing weak glasses and spending a lot of time without them would help train the eyes and improve vision.

Rano Ibragimova, ophthalmologist, specialist at Essilor Academy Russia

Because of this approach, many are afraid to change glasses for stronger ones, put their children at the first desk, take glasses only for special occasions, and the rest of the time they prefer to painfully strain their eyes, trying to train them this way.

Practice has shown that this approach not only does not stop the progression of myopia, but can even provoke it due to excessive tension in the eye muscles.

Rano Ibragimova

If it's time to correct your vision, pick up glasses and don't aggravate the condition.

And sunglasses are useful even for those who do not have vision problems. Ultraviolet radiation leads to the development of cataracts and age-related maculopathy, so wear filter glasses on sunny days in both summer and winter. Glasses do not have to be black. The main thing is that they filter UVA and UVB radiation.

Myth 3. You need to eat carrots and blueberries

Life hacker, why carrots won’t save your eyes. Indeed, without vitamins A and C, vision begins to deteriorate. Therefore, carrots with carotenes (precursors of vitamin A) and vitamin C are useful. But to bring yourself to vitamin deficiency, you need to try hard.

Blueberries contain lutein and vitamins, but no one can say with certainty how much there is and how much you can absorb. It's the same story with other foods that are good for the eyes: green leafy vegetables (they also contain lutein), legumes, salmon.

In general, diet affects vision in unexpected ways. For example, obesity increases the risk of developing glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy (because excess weight associated with type 2 diabetes).

Myth 4. Modern screens do not damage your eyesight.

Although screens are better now than before, the eyes still suffer. Why exactly - explained Vladimir Zolotarev: “The principle of operation of all gadgets, except books with electronic ink, is as follows: they emit rays of the visible spectrum, thanks to this we see the image on the screen. This spectrum includes short-wavelength blue-violet rays, which are most dangerous to the eyes. They are dispersed in the structures of the eye, thereby having a negative impact on the quality of vision and worsening the contrast of the image.

Long-term exposure to this light causes symptoms of visual fatigue: blurred vision and eye strain, redness, pain in the brow ridges, and can subsequently lead to retinal damage.”

That is, whatever one may say, even the most modern screens harm us. Lovers of books (regular and electronic) have fewer problems. But even these people must stop reading to look out the window.

Myth 5. Glasses with perforations will help restore vision.

If you wear black glasses with many small holes, the image before your eyes will be clearer, that is, your vision will temporarily improve slightly.

When directly used, these glasses increase clarity of vision due to the fact that focused beams of light enter the retina through many holes in the dark plates.

Rano Ibragimova

Unfortunately, this is not enough. As Rano Ibragimova notes, there is still little convincing scientific data to judge the therapeutic effect of these glasses. It is better to give preference to lenses that block blue-violet light.

Myth 6. As long as I can see normally, I don’t need to see a doctor.

Myopia and farsightedness are not the worst visual impairments, especially if they do not progress. Much more dangerous are retinal detachment or glaucoma - diseases that do not make themselves known for a long time or are manifested by symptoms that do not seem fatal.

For example, signs of impairment may include blurred vision, pain in the eyes, headache and copious discharge tears, as well as the desire to reduce the usual distance from the eyes to the book or monitor.

Vladimir Zolotarev

These signs are a reason to consult a doctor and have your eyes examined. According to WHO, 80% of all visual impairments are preventable. But for this you need to regularly visit the doctor and evaluate your condition. Regularly - about once a year.