Poisoning can provoke. Symptoms in adults. Food additive poisoning

In case of intoxication, it is important to start taking measures aimed at removing harmful substances from the body as early as possible, so the question of what drugs can be taken in case of poisoning at home is very relevant.

Why you can get food poisoning

Under food intoxication, it is customary to understand a violation of the functions of organs and systems caused by the ingress of toxins or poisons. By severity There are three types of poisoning: severe, moderate and mild.

The most common pathogens include:

clostridium perfringens, enters the body as a result of poor-quality processing of meat, poultry, fish;
Staphylococcus aureus, actively multiplies at room temperature. The most likely habitats are salads, fermented milk products, cakes, pies, sauces;
bacillus cereus, all perishable products that have not been provided with storage at temperatures up to 6 ° C are susceptible.

Particularly dangerous natural and chemical toxins that can cause food poisoning in the home are found in poisonous mushrooms and berries, low-quality, expired food. Poisoning can also be caused by carelessly washed fruits and vegetables, which were previously treated with pesticides used to fertilize plants. Alcohol, surrogates can also be attributed to the same category. So, there are cases of deaths from methyl alcohol poisoning. Food chemical intoxication occurs when vinegar enters the stomach.

Symptoms of food poisoning:

Bacterial: vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and colic, diarrhea.
Viral: fever, chills, trembling, stomach pain, vomiting, fever.
Chemical: increased sweating, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, eye pain.
Botulism: the central nervous system is affected, vomiting, dry mouth, weakness appear.

If you suspect food poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor, especially if it concerns children. However, access to medical care is not always available.

At acute pathology must be taken emergency measures, including gastric lavage, taking sorbent drugs and restoring the water-salt balance. It is of great importance to organize the right diet food. The final stage of treatment is restorative procedures, which include taking multivitamin complexes. As a rule, recovery occurs in 3-5 days.

Clinical picture of food poisoning

The first symptoms of the disease appear during the first 2-6 hours after eating contaminated or low-quality food. At severe poisoning food Clinical signs may develop in the first hours.

Please note that in the case of botulism, the first signs of the disease may develop after 1-2 days.

In case of food poisoning, the following symptoms develop:

nausea followed by vomiting. Vomit may consist of the remnants of food eaten, bile, gastric juice. Vomiting brings temporary relief, but then the nausea returns;
abdominal pain can be localized in the stomach or be of the type of intestinal colic;
an increase in body temperature is possible with an intestinal infection or with the development of inflammatory complications such as gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis. With salmonellosis, it can rise to 39.5 degrees;
diarrhea develops in the first hours of the disease. With salmonellosis, the stool is frothy, greenish, and with dysentery - watery, streaked with blood. Diarrhea may be accompanied by abdominal cramps. profuse diarrhea leads to a rapid increase in dehydration;
flatulence and increased gas discharge is accompanied by pain in the intestinal area;
general weakness, dizziness accompany intoxication syndrome. The patient becomes lethargic, drowsy;
tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), hypotension (low blood pressure) are signs of a toxic effect on the body of food and fluid loss. When poisoned by some types of mushrooms, an increase in blood pressure is possible. With severe dehydration, the pulse becomes weak, arrhythmic;
respiratory failure develops with intoxication of the body. The person breathes often, superficially, complains of shortness of breath;
convulsions throughout the body, similar to an epileptic seizure, are characteristic of damage to the nervous system by toxins. This is possible with intoxication with mushrooms, fish, alcohol;
impaired consciousness, deep coma - signs serious condition sick. They develop with acute poisoning, infectious-toxic shock.

Please note that in small children the condition worsens faster than in adults. Their body is very difficult to cope with toxins and loss of fluid, electrolytes.

What is the danger of food poisoning

Many are used to considering food poisoning as a harmless and trifling condition in which you do not need to seek medical help. Indeed, mild poisoning in most cases does not pose a danger to human life, but only a doctor after examining a patient can specifically assess the severity of the disease and the condition of the patient.

The following are conditions that often develop against a background of severe food poisoning:

Infectious-toxic shock is a condition caused by severe intoxication and profuse fluid loss. Shock is accompanied by disruption of cardio-vascular system, respiration, brain and kidneys.
Acute gastritis develops with severe poisoning of the stomach with toxins. The mucous membrane of this organ becomes inflamed. The patient's temperature rises, the condition worsens.
Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. The patient feels unbearable girdle pain in the abdomen, he has uncontrollable vomiting, the level of glucose in the blood may decrease and bruises appear on the skin near the navel. The temperature rises above 38 degrees. This condition requires urgent surgical intervention.
Acute violation of the kidneys is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of urine, swelling, pain in the lower back.
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a complication of food poisoning that often occurs in patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. Black vomiting and stool develops, severe weakness, pale skin, tachycardia.

Cleansing the body

These procedures are necessary, it is with them that treatment for food poisoning should begin. The purpose of manipulation is to help the stomach get rid of food debris that caused intoxication and harmful toxins.

Even if poisoning is accompanied severe vomiting, this is not enough to completely cleanse the body. She will have to be called naturally using a special solution.

Washing should take place in the following order:

Prepare a solution of potassium permanganate (water should be pale pink). In the absence of potassium permanganate, you can use the usual drinking soda(1 tablespoon per 2 liters of boiled water at room temperature).
Drink 300-400 ml of solution.
Induce vomiting artificially by pressing the fingers on the root of the tongue.
Repeat the procedure a few more times. The number of doses of the solution drunk at a time should be at least 500 ml.

Together with the first vomiting, the main part of the food will come out, but the gastric lavage can be stopped only when the liquid ejected from the stomach becomes absolutely clean and transparent.

The absence of the urge to vomit means that the product that caused the poisoning has moved from the stomach to the intestines. In this case, the washing procedure is already ineffective and meaningless.

Diarrhea, like vomiting, is nothing more than a protective reaction of the body to toxins that have entered the body. gastrointestinal tract. Some patients make the common mistake of trying to medicines, for example, imodium and its analogues, stop this phenomenon. It should be understood that diarrhea is the fastest and most effective way to get rid of harmful substances. Delay stool will lead to the fact that the processes of absorption of toxic poisons and their decay will continue, therefore, the patient's condition will worsen. The question of taking antidiarrheal drugs can only be decided by the attending physician.

If the patient does not have diarrhea, you need to call it with laxatives or enemas. But folk remedies that can provoke diarrhea, it is better not to use it so as not to aggravate the course of the disease.

Reception of sorbents

The next step in the treatment of food poisoning is the introduction of sorbent preparations into the body. The action of these funds is aimed at absorbing harmful elements into themselves. contained in the stomach, and their speedy excretion.

The most common sorbent used for intoxication is Activated carbon. This medicine in the form of standard black tablets can be found in any home first aid kit and it helps a lot with poisoning. Coal should be used at the rate of one tablet per 10 kilograms of weight. The medicine can be taken in two ways: chew and drink plenty of liquid or dilute in boiled water.

In case of poisoning, you can also take white activated charcoal, which is available in tablets or powder. It is believed that, unlike black, it removes toxins, but does not affect useful elements that are in the body.

Another advantage of the white sorbent is the dosage: 2-3 tablets are enough (depending on age and individual characteristics patient, degree of poisoning).

smecta;
enterosgel;
lactofiltrum;
attapulgite;
polysorb;
polyphepan.

Data medicines contribute rapid withdrawal toxic substances by adsorption. They should be used in the interval between taking other drugs, in the period of absence of vomiting.. Contraindications to the use of such drugs include heat, gastric ulcer. The elderly and young children should be used with caution, after consulting a doctor.

Restoration of water-salt balance

Vomiting and diarrhea are natural reaction the body for toxins, however, they also contribute to the excretion of useful substances and fluids. It must be replenished. During illness the patient should drink a lot to maintain water balance. Best for this purpose mineral water without gas.

To maintain electrolyte balance, it is recommended to drink water with a small addition of table salt (not sea salt). The solution is prepared from 1 liter of water and 1 tsp. salt. At least 2-2.5 liters of salted water should be drunk per day. In this case, you must follow a certain rule: a glass of water an hour before a meal, after eating for an hour you can not drink. Thus, the stomach will be prepared for the next meal and begin to properly secrete gastric juice.

To restore the mineral balance, the use of rehydron and oralit preparations is indicated.(contain trace elements, glucose and salts).

In case of poisoning, you can also drink weak sweet black or green tea, a decoction of chamomile or rose hips.

Medical treatment for poisoning

After cleansing the body, restorative therapy with probiotics is indicated to restore the intestinal microflora. Normal intestinal biocenosis after intoxication is almost always disturbed, therefore after recovery, it is recommended to take medications containing beneficial bacteria . These include Hilak Forte, Lineks, Bionorm, Bioflor.

If food poisoning is accompanied by fever, antipyretic drugs (ibuprofen, paracetamol) should be taken.

Self-medication is dangerous! Antibiotics, pain medications, as well as specific drugs (antiemetics and antidiarrheals, etc.) are prescribed by a doctor!

Therapeutic diet

During the period of acute intoxication, the patient, as a rule, does not feel the desire to eat. However, this does not mean that he should refuse to eat. A weakened body needs strength to fight the disease. Besides the stomach and intestines cannot fully restore the epithelium without food is problematic. Of course, neither an adult nor a child who does not want to eat can be forced, but hunger is not practiced specifically for medicinal purposes.

During poisoning, a strict diet should be followed, since the gastrointestinal tract does not work properly and cannot cope with large volumes food.

During the period of poisoning are prohibited:

fatty, salty, heavy foods;
dairy products, including milk;
fast food, semi-finished products;
alcohol;
sauces, ketchup, mayonnaise;
fruits, vegetables, raw berries;
sweet.

You need to eat 5 times a day, in small portions. Food must be boiled or steamed. Fried food is excluded.

The patient's diet should consist of:

mashed potatoes on water, without oil;
boiled rice;
oatmeal, semolina porridge (on the water);
chicken meat;
crackers, biscuit cookies;
low-fat broths.

It is allowed to use bananas, as fruits enriched with nutrients, and watermelons, which have a diuretic effect.

When is hospitalization necessary?

Food poisoning successfully treated at home, but in some cases qualified medical assistance is needed. Hospitalization is indicated for children under the age of three. In children, treatment of intoxication should be carried out only under supervision. medical personnel , as diarrhea and vomiting will very quickly lead to dehydration. small child it is almost impossible to force him to drink, and in the hospital he will be given intravenous rehydration solutions. Pregnant women and people are also hospitalized old age.

Treatment in a hospital setting is indicated for:

intoxication caused by poisonous plants and fungi;
severe form of poisoning;
diarrhea (more than 10-12 times a day);
high temperature;
diarrhea with blood;
persistent vomiting;
an increase in the symptoms of the disease;
bloating;
loss of consciousness;
excessive weakness.

With any of these signs, you should immediately call an ambulance team.

Recovery period after poisoning

Any poisoning is stressful for all organs and systems. It is important to know what to do after poisoning. When you leave the hospital, your doctor will give you advice on proper nutrition and outpatient treatment.

In the first 2 weeks, the patient should follow a diet, stop smoking, drinking alcohol, fried, smoked, fatty and spicy.

To restore the intestinal microflora, probiotics are prescribed - preparations that contain beneficial bacteria. In case of complications (gastritis, cholecystitis), they are treated.

Folk remedies for food poisoning

Folk methods of dealing with intoxication have not been canceled, however resort to them should be after consulting a doctor and only with a mild degree of poisoning.

Infusion of cinnamon

Cinnamon is a natural antispasmodic and natural absorbent. Cinnamon infusion is prepared as follows: pour a pinch of dried and crushed bark into 250 ml hot water let it brew for 15-20 minutes. Strained broth to drink during the day in small doses. The recommended volume is 1.5 liters.

A decoction of yarrow and wormwood

Medicinal plants that effectively cleanse the stomach of toxins, brew 1 tablespoon, pour a liter of boiling water. Let it brew for 15 minutes, strain. Broth divided into 5 equal parts, drink during the day.

You can use all types of plants - roots, flowers, leaves, as they contribute to a speedy recovery. Marshmallow (1 teaspoon of roots or 2 tablespoons of flowers and leaves) pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 4 hours. Drink 3 times a day. You can add half a teaspoon of honey.

Dill decoction with honey

Honey promotes the retention of potassium, which is excreted during diarrhea and vomiting.. Dill reduces pain in the abdomen, facilitates vomiting, and promotes the rapid removal of toxins. A teaspoon of dill seeds brew 1.5 cups of boiling water, boil for 3 minutes. Cool, strain, add a teaspoon of beekeeping product to the warm broth. In case of food poisoning at home, the infusion should be taken at least 1 liter per day.

How to avoid food poisoning

Preventive measures to prevent intoxication are reduced to the observance of the necessary hygiene procedures, eating only quality products the correct shelf life.

Observe personal hygiene.
Be careful with vegetables and fruits.
Do not buy products with broken sealed packaging.
Do not eat expired food.
Do not hesitate to throw away cloudy drinks with sediment, foods with bad smell and taste as well ready meals that have stood in the refrigerator for more than three days.
Eat only those mushrooms and berries that you are sure of.
When cooking, follow the rules of heat treatment.
Boil homemade milk first.
Drink boiled water.
Destroy cockroaches, flies, rodents in your house - they are carriers of bacteria.
Store raw and cooked meats on separate shelves in the refrigerator.

Follow these simple precautions and you will never experience food poisoning.

Food poisoning is a fairly common - and sometimes life-threatening - problem affecting millions of people around the world. Typically, this disease is not severe, and most patients recover within a few days without treatment. But with some types of food poisoning, a person can even die.

Microorganisms or their toxins can enter food or drink at any time during preparation or manufacture.

When it comes to food poisoning, most people immediately think of the typical symptoms of gastroenteritis - diarrhea and vomiting. However, eating contaminated foods can cause other symptoms and problems.

Symptoms of food poisoning

The main symptom of food poisoning is diarrhea, which is often accompanied by vomiting. Diarrhea is defined as loose or watery stools at least three times in 24 hours. With some infections, blood or mucus may appear in the stool.

Also quite often with food poisoning, spastic pains in the abdomen can be observed. Pain may be relieved after each bowel movement.

Occasionally, patients develop fever, headaches, and pain in the extremities.

When vomiting develops, it often lasts only 1 day or so, only sometimes longer. Diarrhea often continues after vomiting stops, lasting for several days. Slightly fast and liquid stool may be observed for a week or so, after which it recovers normal work intestines. Sometimes the symptoms of food poisoning last longer.

Diarrhea and vomiting can cause dehydration. Mild dehydration is a fairly common symptom of food poisoning and can be easily treated with sufficient fluid intake. Severe dehydration can be fatal if not dealt with quickly, as human organs need fluid to function properly.

Symptoms of dehydration in adults include:

General fatigue.
Dizziness.
Headache.
Muscle spasms.
Sunken eyes.
Decreased amount of urine.
Dry mouth.
Weakness.
Irritability.

Symptoms of severe dehydration in adults include:

Apathy is a severe loss of energy or enthusiasm.
Weakness.
Confusion of consciousness.
Cardiopalmus.
A sharp decrease in the amount of urine.
Coma.

Severe dehydration is emergency that requires immediate medical attention.

When should you see a doctor?

A patient with food poisoning should consult a doctor in the following cases:

Severe symptoms - for example, the patient cannot retain fluid in the body, as he constantly vomits.
The symptoms did not start to improve after a few days.
There are symptoms of severe dehydration.
If the sick person is a pregnant woman.
If the patient is over 60 years of age.
In case of food poisoning or suspicion of its presence in infants or young children under 3 years of age.
If you have a chronic disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease, heart disease, diabetes or kidney failure.
If you have a weakened immune system, such as with immunosuppressive drugs, cancer treatment, or AIDS.
When blood or mucus appears in the stool.
With a duration of diarrhea for more than 3 days.
At very severe pain in a stomach.
With an increase in body temperature over 38.6 ° C.
If you have neurological symptoms such as:
- blurred vision,
- double vision,
- muscle weakness,
- tingling in the hands,
- confused speech.
- swallowing problems
In case of poisoning or suspected mushroom poisoning
If there is no urine or it is dark in color for more than 6 hours
Yellowed skin

Video

Folk recipes: how to get rid of food poisoning?

Causes of food poisoning

Pathological microorganisms can get into food at any time - during cultivation, collection, processing, storage, preparation. Sometimes cross-contamination can occur - the transfer of harmful microorganisms from one surface to another.

This is especially true for foods eaten raw, such as salads. Since these dishes are not cooked before consumption, pathological microorganisms are not destroyed and can cause food poisoning.

Table 1. Some causative agents of food poisoning

Microorganism	Start of symptoms	Ways of infection
Campylobacter	2-5 days	Meat and poultry. Infection occurs during processing if animal feces come into contact with the surface of the meat. Other sources include unpasteurized milk and contaminated water.
Clostridium botulinum	12-72 hours	Homemade canned foods with low acidity. Improperly canned commercial foods. Smoked or salted fish. Potatoes baked in aluminum foil. Other foods stored too long at high temperatures.
Clostridium perfringens	8-16 hours	Meat products, sausages, stews and gravies. These bacteria are usually spread by improper preparation of these foods.
Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli)	1-8 days	Beef contaminated with faeces during slaughter. Infection occurs mainly through the consumption of undercooked ground beef. Other sources include unpasteurized milk and apple juice, contaminated water.
Lamblia (Giardia lamblia)	1-2 weeks	Raw foods, contaminated water. Can be transmitted from an infected cook preparing food.
Hepatitis A virus	28 days
Listeria (Listeria)	9-48 hours	Hot dogs, meat snacks, unpasteurized milk and cheeses, unwashed raw foods. Can be transmitted through contaminated soil and water.
Noroviruses (Noroviruses)	12-48 hours	Foods eaten raw. Shellfish from contaminated water. Can be transmitted from an infected person preparing food.
Rotavirus	1-3 days	Foods eaten raw. Can be transmitted from an infected person preparing food.
Salmonella	1-3 days	Raw or contaminated meat, poultry, milk, egg yolk. Retain viability with insufficient heat treatment. May be spread through knives, cutting boards, or by a cook preparing food.
Shigella	24-48 hours	Seafood and foods eaten raw. Can be transmitted from an infected person preparing food.
Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus)	1-6 hours	Meat and cooked salads, cream sauces, cream pastries. It can be spread by direct contact with an infected person, coughing and sneezing.
Vibrio Vibrio vulnificus	1-7 days	Raw oysters, raw or undercooked mussels and clams. May be spread through contaminated sea water.

Risk factors for food poisoning

The development of food poisoning after eating a contaminated product depends on the state of the body, the degree of exposure to the pathological factor, the age and state of health of the person. High risk groups include:

Old people. As the body ages, its immune system may not respond as quickly and effectively to infectious agents as it did at a young age.
pregnant women. Changes in metabolism and circulation during pregnancy can increase the risk of food poisoning. During pregnancy, the reaction of a woman's body to a pathological factor may be stronger. In rare cases, the child may also get sick.
Babies and young children. Their immune system is not yet fully developed.
People with chronic diseases. Availability chronic disease(for example, diabetes mellitus, liver disease or AIDS), chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer impairs the immune response to a pathological factor.

Complications of food poisoning

Complications of food poisoning in developed countries with well-organized health systems and educated populations rarely develop. They most often occur in the elderly, patients with chronic diseases or weakened immune systems. Possible Complications include:

Violations of water and electrolyte balance in the body. Exactly this common complication food poisoning, which develops due to the removal of water and electrolytes from the body with feces and vomiting. Severe dehydration reduces vital blood supply important organs leading to the disruption of their functions.

Reactive Complications. In rare cases, other parts of the patient's body "react" to food poisoning. This can cause inflammation of the joints (arthritis), skin (dermatitis, rash) and eyes (conjunctivitis, uveitis).

Spread of infection to other organs– for example, on bones, joints, membranes of the brain and spinal cord. This rarely happens. If this complication develops, salmonella is the most common cause of diarrhea.

Persistent diarrhea syndrome. Rarely, a case of food poisoning can cause irritable bowel syndrome. In addition, secondary lactose intolerance sometimes develops after an episode of food poisoning. Intestinal infection can damage the mucous membrane digestive tract, which leads to a deficiency of the lactase enzyme, which is necessary for the body to assimilate the lactose contained in milk.

Lactose intolerance leads to bloating and pain in the abdomen, flatulence and watery stools that appear after drinking milk. The condition of patients improves after the end of food poisoning, as the intestinal mucosa recovers. Lactose intolerance is more common in children.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome. This is a rare complication, the development of which is usually associated with food poisoning caused by coli(E. coli). This is a serious complication in which anemia is observed, the number of platelets in the blood decreases and develops kidney failure. Hemolytic uremic syndrome is more common in children. With proper treatment, the prognosis for this complication is favorable.

Guillain-Barré syndrome. This complication can rarely develop with food poisoning caused by Campylobacter. With him they are amazed nerve fibers throughout the body, which causes weakness and impaired sensitivity.

Decreased effectiveness of certain drugs. With food poisoning, some drugs taken by the patient to treat other diseases may reduce their effectiveness. This is due to the fact that with diarrhea and vomiting, the absorption of the drug in the body decreases. Examples of such drugs are drugs for epilepsy, diabetes mellitus and contraceptive drugs.

Diagnostics

In most patients, food poisoning can be diagnosed by the presence of typical symptoms of the disease. With moderate expression clinical picture the patient usually does not need medical attention.

These tests are not always necessary, because in most cases of food poisoning, knowing which infectious agent caused the disease does not make any difference to the choice of methods of treatment. Most patients recover before the results of these tests are available.

Treatment for food poisoning

Symptoms of food poisoning often resolve within a few days or as the patient's immune system clears the infection. Occasionally, with the development of severe symptoms or complications, hospitalization is needed in a medical institution.

1. Consume a large number of liquids.

The purpose of this advice is to prevent or treat dehydration. The patient can approximately be guided by the use of 200 ml of water after each loose stool. This is the extra amount that needs to be added to the amount of liquid consumed normally.

For example, an adult normally drinks about 2 liters of water per day, in hot countries - more. To this volume, 200 ml of water should be added after each episode of diarrhea. After vomiting, you need to wait 5-10 minutes, and then start drinking again, only more slowly.

For example, you can take a sip of liquid every 2-3 minutes, but you should ensure that the total amount of liquid consumed is sufficient. A person with dehydration needs to drink even more. The doctor can recommend exactly how much rehydration is needed for each individual patient.

When preventing or eliminating dehydration, the patient can focus on urine - its amount should be normal, and the color should be light. An adult person should drink mostly water to maintain water balance. In addition, you can include in the diet a certain amount of fruit juices and soups.

It's best not to drink drinks that contain a lot of sugar, as they can make diarrhea worse. For debilitated patients, people over 60 years of age, patients with chronic diseases, it is recommended to use special rehydration solutions that are sold in pharmacies. They have a balanced composition with electrolytes and sugar, which helps the body absorb fluid in the intestines. These solutions do not stop or reduce diarrhea.

You should not make your own salty or sugary drinks for this purpose at home, as the amount of electrolytes and sugar must be accurate.

2. Eat as usual, if possible.

Previously, patients with food poisoning were advised to fast. However, doctors now advise patients to eat small, easily digestible meals if they can. You need to focus on your appetite. If the patient can eat, then he first should not be used fatty, spicy and fried foods. You should try first simple products – whole wheat bread, rice.

3. It is necessary to get more rest, as illness and dehydration can weaken the human body.

Medical treatment

Anticonvulsants are usually not needed. However, in some situations, loperamide is prescribed. For example, if the patient needs to attend some important event or has difficulty getting to the toilet quickly.

Loperamide slows down bowel activity and may reduce the number of trips to the toilet. Adult patients first take 2 capsules of the drug, then 1 capsule after each episode of diarrhea. Maximum dose- 8 capsules in 24 hours. Do not take loperamide for more than 5 days.

Note: Although loperamide is generally safe, there are reports of very serious problems with the intestines in some people taking it. These problems mostly appeared in patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease.

Therefore, loperamide or other anticonvulsants should not be taken if there is blood or mucus in the stool, or if elevated temperature body. In addition, loperamide should not be taken by people with certain diseases, pregnant women.

Paracetamol or ibuprofen is sometimes recommended to relieve headaches and reduce fever.

Sometimes, when identifying the causative agent of a food infection, doctors prescribe antibacterial agents. This is done in the following cases:

Very severe symptoms.
In the absence of improvement in the patient's condition.
If the patient is over 50 years old, and his food poisoning is caused by salmonella.
With food poisoning caused by salmonella, and the presence of other diseases - for example, heart defects.
In patients with Shigella food poisoning and blood in the stool.
With weakened immunity.
Infections caused by certain microorganisms, such as giardia or amoebas.

In severe cases of dehydration, patients need intravenous administration balanced salt solutions.

Prevention of food poisoning

Four groups of activities can help prevent food poisoning:

Purity.

Keep your kitchen worktop and utensils clean.
Hands should be washed regularly, but especially after going to the toilet, before preparing food, after touching raw food, and before eating cooked food.
A person with diarrhea should not prepare food for other people.
Before touching food, cover any wounds or cuts on your hands with waterproof plaster.
Kitchen towels need to be changed regularly.

Cooking food.

Food should be cooked carefully, especially meat. This kills microorganisms. Food should be cooked just before consumption and be hot inside.
When reheating food, do it right before eating; it must be hot inside.
Do not reheat food more than once.

Refrigeration and storage of products.

Food that needs to be stored at a low temperature should be placed in the refrigerator. If this is not done, bacteria that cause food poisoning can multiply in the products.
The refrigerator should be set to a temperature of 0-5 °C.
Cooked foods must be cooled quickly and placed in the refrigerator.

Cross infection. This happens when bacteria pass from one food to another.

Hands should be washed after touching raw food.
Separate raw and cooked foods from each other.
Store raw meat in a resealable container at the bottom of the refrigerator.
Avoid using the same surface or cutting board for cooking raw and cooked foods.
Wash knives and utensils thoroughly after preparing raw foods.

Food poisoning is especially dangerous for infants and young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. These people should avoid the following foods:

Raw or unusual meats and poultry.
Raw or undercooked fish and seafood, including oysters, mussels, and shellfish.
Raw or undercooked eggs or foods containing eggs (such as homemade cakes or ice cream).
Unpasteurized juices.
Unpasteurized milk and dairy products.
Soft cheeses such as feta and camembert; unpasteurized cheeses.
Frozen pâtés and canned meats.
Hot dogs and sausages.

Material prepared:

Nevelychuk Taras Anatolievich

Food products are very demanding on the temperature regime. If you inadvertently leave sausage in the heat for 3-4 hours, and then feast on it, then the risk of food poisoning increases significantly.

Of course, not all food is afraid of heat. For example, nothing will happen to cookies and bread, but meat, fish and sour-milk products spoil very quickly.

Intoxication of the body develops in a number of other cases, so it is useful for each person to know the causes of food poisoning, symptoms and treatment at home, as well as first aid rules that will ease the suffering of the patient and even save his life.

Symptoms of poisoning

A rare person has never been poisoned by anything, but if such an event has happened, then it will be remembered forever. First of all, the patient is tormented by acute pain and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, at the location of which the doctor usually establishes the site of the pathological process.

But such a diagnosis is necessary only to ascertain the fact of poisoning, which is usually accompanied by other symptoms:

nausea and vomiting;
diarrhea;
flatulence;
general fatigue, drowsiness;
headache and dizziness;
fever up to 38 ° C in combination with chills;
increase in heart rate;
breathing disorder;
fainting and loss of consciousness;
sweating.

As can be seen from this list, intoxication of the body is a serious thing. But few people realize that in some cases even death threatens a person, because the causes of malaise are not always known. In this regard, the first first aid with food poisoning is important for life.

First aid

The effect of toxic substances on the body does not go unnoticed. And if the stomach has seized, vomiting and diarrhea have begun, then measures must be taken to prevent complications. By itself, the pain will pass only in the case of strong immunity, which neutralizes pathogenic microbes and normalizes the human condition.

But toxicosis is caused not only by bacteria and viruses, so the first medical aid for food poisoning is directed to cleaning the digestive tract and removing harmful substances:

Gastric lavage:

dilute 2 teaspoons of soda or a pinch of potassium permanganate in 2 liters of warm water;
drink in one gulp;
induce vomiting.

Bowel lavage with enema:

prescribed only by a doctor;
warm boiled water is poured through anus;
waiting for the complete exit of fluid from the body;
repeat if necessary.

Plentiful drink:

warm boiled water;
saline solution(1 tsp rock salt per 1 liter of water);
sweet solution (2 tablespoons of sugar per 1 liter of water);
drink 3-3.5 liters per day.

Castor oil:

diluted 2 tbsp. oils in 1 tbsp. boiled water;
add lemon juice(from 1 slice);
drink a sip every 5 minutes.

If there are no symptoms of a nervous system disorder, then after washing take sorbents :

activated charcoal (4 tablets every 4 hours);
enterosgel and other drugs (forbidden for gastrointestinal ulcers).

First aid methods can not be called pleasant, but does anyone want to endure pain and twist from stomach cramps? In addition, timely cleansing of the body will prevent prolonged exposure to toxins on internal organs and tissues, so it is worthwhile to always have activated charcoal, castor oil and potassium permanganate in your first-aid kit.

However, if the temperature rises to 38-39 ° C, loss of consciousness and bloating, you should immediately call an ambulance team, because such signs indicate serious toxicosis.

Treatment of poisoning with folk remedies

Some patients believe that first aid will solve the problem of poisoning. Of course, the acute symptoms will go away, but harmful substances are still in the body and negatively affect metabolic processes. To deal with the disease completely, additional efforts will be required, and for this it is not at all necessary to drink medicines: folk treatment food poisoning offers a ton of easy recipes.

However, the patient will have to think carefully and find out the cause of the disease, because in each case different means are used.

fish poisoning

Doctors distinguish 2 types of fish poisoning: cholera-like and paralytic. If in the first case the symptoms are of a general nature, then in the second the effect on the nervous system is carried out up to paralysis and convulsions.

To deal with this form of the disease should be as follows:

Rinse the stomach and induce vomiting.
Brew chamomile (1 tsp per 1 tablespoon of boiling water), cool and put an enema.
Drink a large amount of hot liquid (tea, coffee, and even warmed wine is allowed).
Dilute 1 tbsp. anise vodka in a glass of water and drink in one gulp.
Warm the stomach first, and then the whole body (crawl under a warm blanket in clothes).

Meat poisoning

Unscrupulous sellers often wipe expired sausage with a special solution. But such a move does not add quality to the product! After a visual assessment, many buyers are happy to take the "updated" sausage, not even suspecting the danger.

And although other meat products (for example, lard) are difficult to bring to marketability in this way, however, numerous frosts and violations of storage conditions contribute to the development of pathogenic bacteria in the product.

Usually the smell warns of the poor condition of meat, lard and sausage, but special chemical sprays deceive the buyer's receptors. After tasting a couple of pieces of missing food, after 1-2 hours a person develops pain in the pit of the stomach, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.

Sometimes patients also complain of difficulty in breathing and heart failure, but such symptoms are not often observed. Gastric lavage soda solution and artificially induced vomiting are the first measures, and in addition, folk remedies for food poisoning recommend warming the abdomen and the whole body, using castor oil and vegetable decoctions.

Chicory

If the roots of this plant are used as an additive to coffee, then the aerial part is used for poisoning:

Crush flowers and chicory grass, but do not immediately mix;
4 tbsp. each part falls asleep in a thermos;
Pour 1 liter of boiling water;
Insist 7-8 hours;
Drink 1 day for 2-3 sips every hour.

Wormwood and yarrow

For any disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, healers recommend bitter wormwood collected in May. Although the taste of the decoction will seem even disgusting to someone, the result is worth the effort.

Wormwood and yarrow are dried and crushed.
1 tsp raw materials fall asleep in a 0.5 jar.
Pour in boiling water and cover with a lid.
Insist for 1 hour.
Filter and drink during the day 5 times.

mushroom poisoning

Everyone has known about edible and inedible mushrooms since childhood, but often people make mistakes when picking! Such a mistake cost the lives of many mushroom pickers, and doctors call such poisoning the most dangerous. What to do if suddenly, after eating a treat, symptoms of toxicosis appear?

Be sure to induce vomiting.
Take a laxative if there is no diarrhea.

Make an enema based on chamomile:

1 tbsp herbs and flowers pour 1 tbsp. boiling water (cook according to the volume of the enema, but in a given proportion);
insist 1 hour;
strain and fill the enema;
perform the procedure 1 time, and if necessary - twice.
Rub the body and put a heating pad on the stomach.

The best way to prevent such poisoning, experts call the use of only familiar mushrooms. In addition, when boiling the product, it is worth adding an onion to the saucepan, in case of blackening of which it is recommended to refuse to eat this portion.

Dill

Traditional healers as a means of rehabilitation after mushroom poisoning are advised to brew ordinary dill. It will not be difficult to find a plant on the market, and the villagers will not even have to go to the market.

Prepare the drug according to this recipe:

Grind dry herbs and seeds into powder.
30 g of raw materials are poured into 0.5 l cold water.
Bring to a boil and simmer for 10 minutes.
Insist 1 hour.
After straining, drink 100 g three times a day.

Alcohol poisoning

Drinking alcohol knows that excess of the norm is fraught with nausea and vomiting. A person accustomed to frequent drinking of alcoholic beverages endures a long holiday more easily, but stores sometimes sell “burned” products, from which symptoms are possible in the form of a disruption of the nervous system, an increase in blood pressure and even an alcoholic coma.

Induce vomiting.
Drink 2-3 cups of strong and hot tea with lemon.
Dilute 15 drops of ammonia in 50 g of water and drink in one gulp.
Take a cold shower.
Use activated charcoal (1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight).

In clinical practice, there are cases of poisoning with methyl alcohol, the long-term effect of which on the body in best case will end with a decrease or loss of vision, and in the worst case, with a fatal outcome.

If a person inadvertently mixed up drinks (smells are similar), then a glass of ordinary vodka will act as an antidote. But the best option for similar situation there will be an immediate appeal to the doctor, because you can’t joke with methanol.

Chemical poisoning

First aid for chemical poisoning depends on the toxic substance that has affected the person. Garden poisons require urgent gastric lavage, but with gasoline everything is more difficult: vomiting will only cause additional burns of the esophagus, so experts recommend taking vaseline or vegetable oil to neutralize the hydrocarbon mixture and go to the hospital.

The difficult situation is with acid and alkali poisoning. In most cases, gastric lavage will help, but if the toxic solution is very concentrated, then vomiting will only hurt. And what to do?

There are no hopeless situations! Such liquids are just chemical reagents, and their action will extinguish starch, raw egg and all the same vegetable oil. However, this method can only achieve temporary improvement, so you should not hesitate to call an ambulance.

Diet for poisoning

A weakened body does not perceive food well. Regular vomiting, loose stools and pain in the abdomen require a diet for food poisoning.

In addition, the patient himself does not really want to eat everything in a given period due to an aversion to food, but one cannot do without the supply of nutrients. How to make a diet?

Prohibited Products

First of all, it is necessary to exclude products that are harmful and difficult to digest, because the gastrointestinal tract is already under the influence of toxic substances:

meat products;
fatty, fried and smoked;
spicy and salty;
various semi-finished and instant products;
canned food;
flour products and sweets;
alcohol (other than alcohol tinctures prescribed by a doctor);
carbonated water;
ketchup and mayonnaise.

What can be consumed in case of poisoning?

Giving up your favorite foods doesn't mean that goodies are completely eliminated. Doctors not only allow, but also recommend drinking various compotes and teas, eating porridge cooked in water and low-fat broths.

The digestive system in case of poisoning will need dishes that do not require a lot of energy to digest:

rice, buckwheat, semolina;
mashed potatoes;
chicken bouillon;
boiled water;
dried fruits compote;
black tea without sugar.

Melissa

Melissa components effectively destroy pathogenic microbes and activate the synthesis of protective cells of the human body.

The drug is prepared according to this recipe:

Take 40 g of dried grass.
Pour 0.5 liters of boiling water.
Insist 30 minutes.
Drink for 1 day (4 times half a glass).

Mint

Increased gas emission (flatulence), pain syndrome and heartburn eliminates peppermint tea, which is sold in almost every pharmacy. But the plant also has a diuretic effect, so during the period of taking the medicine, they additionally drink a lot of fluid, otherwise dehydration cannot be avoided.

1 tbsp herbs pour 1 tbsp. boiling water.
Insist 15-20 minutes.
Drink 3 times a day instead of tea.

Ginger

The rich composition of ginger root is successfully used in medicine for various purposes, but in the case of poisoning, the plant normalizes intestinal activity, increases appetite and improves digestion in general.

Take 10 g of crushed root.
Pour 1 tbsp. boiling water.
Insist 30 minutes
Drink 1 tbsp. every hour.

Prevention

Toxicosis from poor-quality products disables a person for 2-3 days, and in severe cases, the patient will stay in the hospital for a week. To avoid such an unpleasant disorder, you should follow the rules for the prevention of food poisoning and intestinal infections. And, above all, doctors recommend washing hands before eating and preparing meals, as well as keeping kitchen utensils clean.

According to the law of nature, toxic substances usually smell bad, so you should always smell the products. Expired canned food or sour soup are distinguished by a certain stench, which signals the growth of bacteria on the food substrate.

In addition, when buying packaged products in the store, you need to pay attention to the expiration date and storage conditions. If the jar or box is slightly damaged, then it is better to set it aside, because the violation of tightness increases the rate of food oxidation at times.

Some chefs cook for a week in advance, without even thinking about the danger of poisoning. Of course, storage in the refrigerator at a temperature of 3-5 ° C will prolong the suitability of food and save time, but doctors advise against eating three-day-old dishes.

In addition, you should strictly follow the recipes, boil and fry meat and fish well, because bacteria do not survive during prolonged heat treatment. Laboratory research prove that the quality of the product is negatively affected by freezing, and although it is impossible to do without it, but repeated repetition of this procedure will only hurt.

Specialty: general practitioner

Food poisoning occurs as a result of the consumption of poor-quality and expired food products containing harmful bacteria or toxic substances. When they enter the body, they begin to actively multiply.

Poor quality food common cause poisoning

This condition is non-contagious, accompanied by deterioration in work digestive system and is characterized by the presence of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea.

Classification of food poisoning

Food poisoning is classified into the following types:

infectious - occurs due to the use of spoiled food and the activity in the body of microbes and viruses found in low-quality products;
toxic - characterized by the ingestion of a virus into the human body along with inedible mushrooms or poisonous plants;
of unknown origin - most often this type includes poisoning with heavy metals, chemical and toxic substances.

All types of poisoning have similar characteristics: severe dehydration, general intoxication of the body, accompanied by fever and headache, the development of inflammatory processes in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.

Toxic poisoning occurs due to eating poisonous mushrooms

Symptoms of food poisoning

The peculiarity of food poisoning lies in a very short incubation period of several hours and clearly manifested negative symptoms:

temperature increase from 37 to 40 degrees;
general malaise and lack of appetite;
diarrhea, severe gas, pain and bloating;
nausea and vomiting;
increased fatigue and regular headache;
chills, low blood pressure.

Food poisoning causes vomiting

Under the influence of poisons of a neurotoxic nature, visual impairment, dizziness, loss of consciousness, disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system and brain are possible.

Especially dangerous is the presence of salmonellosis, botulism and listeriosis in children, pregnant and breastfeeding mothers - these diseases often cause death.

Which doctor should I contact?

He prescribes tests and a course of treatment. The attending physician, if necessary, will send for examination to:

What to do with food poisoning at home

In a mild form, poisoning is characterized by the presence of malaise lasting from several hours to a couple of days and can be eliminated without medical intervention.

First aid

If poisoning is detected, measures should be taken to improve well-being:

Rinse the stomach. You need to drink 1.5 liters. warm, salted liquid or make a weak solution of potassium permanganate, which should have a pale pink color. The main amount of food will come out with the next vomiting, but washing should be done until the stomach is completely cleansed.
Keep your body hydrated to prevent dehydration. After an attack of vomiting or bowel movements, it is necessary to consume 200 gr. purified water. It is recommended to drink in small sips. In addition to the usual liquid, you can drink a glucose-salt solution - 1 liter. Purified liquid add 3 tbsp. l. sugar and 1 tsp. salt.
Not interfering with the natural cleansing of the intestines is the fastest way to remove toxins from the body. If necessary, a cleansing enema should be given.

Taking antibiotics and medicines for diarrhea without a doctor's recommendation is contraindicated. After cleansing the stomach and getting rid of nausea, it is necessary to start taking medications that help restore intestinal microflora.

Drug treatment

You can remove toxins from the stomach with the help of medicines.

Name	Characteristic	Mode of application
Activated carbon	Promotes high-quality removal of toxins from the stomach	Take 1 tablet for every 10 kg of the patient's weight. Can be drunk whole, chewed or mixed with water.
Smecta	Anti-diarrheal drug with adsorbent effect	Dosage for a child - dissolve 1 package of medication in 60 ml of water. You can mix the drug with baby food, compote or porridge. The dose in an adult is 1 packet per 0.5 liters. liquids. Take 3 times a day for no more than a week.
Enterosgel	Eliminates intoxication and toxic substances, normalizes microflora	1 st. l. paste 3 times a day. For a greater effect, you need to stir the product with water in a ratio of 1: 3.
Duspitalin	Effectively eliminates spasms and relieves pain	1 capsule 3 times a day.
Polysorb	Enterosorbent, eliminates signs of intoxication and intestinal infections	Dilute 1 tbsp. l. drug in 100 ml of water. Reception to carry out 3 times a day from 3 to 7 days.
Linex	Helps restore intestinal microflora	2 capsules 3 times a day after meals.
Regidron	Prevents dehydration of the body. Used after a thorough gastric lavage	1 package per 1 liter. water. Drink in small sips, divided into 5 doses of 200 ml.

How to get rid of signs of poisoning folk remedies

In case of poisoning light form folk remedies are used that can save the patient from the problem that has arisen.

Components	Properties	Method of preparation and use
Infusion of cinnamon	It is a sorbent of natural origin and helps to quickly relieve the pain that has arisen.	For 1l. boiled water, add 0.5 tsp. ground cinnamon, mix thoroughly, leave for 10 minutes and strain thoroughly. The resulting drink should be taken throughout the day in small portions.
Tea with ginger	Effectively combats nausea	1 tsp is poured into 250 ml of hot water. grated ginger, infused for 5 minutes. If desired, sugar can be added to the resulting drink.
Decoction with dill and honey	Helps to eliminate toxins and at the same time retains potassium, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the body	Recipe - 1 tsp. dill seeds poured 400 gr. boiling water and infused for 5 minutes. Next, the resulting infusion should be boiled for 2 minutes on low heat. Then the broth is filtered and 1 tsp is added. honey. The resulting drink should be drunk in small portions throughout the day.
Lemon juice	Effectively fights bacteria, has an antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effect.	Juice is squeezed out of half a lemon, mixed with 1 tsp. Sahara. Drink 2-3 times a day. You can also make a drink from fruit juice with warm water, adhering to a 1:5 ratio.
cumin seeds	Helps to get rid of inflammatory processes in the stomach	You need to eat 1 tbsp. l. ground seeds and drink plenty of liquid.
Infusion of yarrow and wormwood	Helps cleanse the body of toxins	Mix 1 tsp. wormwood and yarrow together with 0.5 l. water, insist 20 minutes. Strained broth should be drunk for 5 meals.

Use any folk recipes for treatment is possible only after consultation with a qualified specialist.

Treatment in a hospital

The attending physician initially identifies the cause of the negative symptoms, and the type of bacterium that caused this condition. For this, it takes general analysis blood, carried out detailed study feces, vomit and urine, which helps to identify a harmful microorganism.

In severe cases, the attending physician may also prescribe a colonoscopy, fluoroscopy, and sigmoidoscopy.

Colonoscopy is used to identify the causes of poisoning.

Hospitalization is prescribed in cases where:

intestinal poisoning occurred in a child under the age of 3 years, in an elderly person or a pregnant girl;
deterioration of health is caused by the use of poisonous mushrooms and plants;
acute poisoning is accompanied by prolonged diarrhea mixed with blood, a strong increase in body temperature that does not decrease for several days, general weakness and frequent vomiting
there is excessive sweating and there is a feeling of suffocation;
the condition worsens significantly 2-3 days after the first negative symptoms are detected.

In the hospital, the patient is prescribed a dropper - this is the most effective and fastest way to get the necessary medicine into the blood in case of severe poisoning.

Severe food poisoning requires the fastest possible medical intervention - a long absence of treatment leads to the absorption of a large amount of toxins into the blood, which leads to complications.

Diet after poisoning

Over the next week, you can normalize the activity of the digestive tract by following a diet that completely excludes from the diet:

fatty and spicy foods;
dairy;
flour products;
fish and canned food;
alcoholic drinks, store juices.

In case of poisoning, dairy products should be excluded from the diet.

boiled potatoes, rice or buckwheat;
soups with chicken broth;
lean meats in boiled form;
biscuits, crackers:
baked apples and bananas.

It is necessary to eat food fractionally, dividing the daily ration into 5 small portions. daily rate water is at least 1.5 liters. It is recommended to take a rosehip decoction, weak green tea and chamomile infusion.

To avoid the occurrence of food poisoning, you should regularly monitor the quality of the consumed foods and drinks, pay attention to the expiration date and do not neglect personal hygiene.

No matter how prudent people are, there is always a chance to get hooked on stale products, even if they do not appear to show any signs of spoilage. More often in such situations, the victim struggles with signs of intoxication at home, without even thinking that not every poisoning can be cured on its own. In order not to harm yourself, you need to be able to recognize dangerous symptoms in case of food poisoning, and seek help in time.

First symptoms

Sometimes food poisoning can last for several days. Most often it occurs due to the ingestion of microbes, bacteria that are found in food. Poorly washed foods, incompatibility of fruits, vegetables with foods that cause digestive upsets. All this leads to the following symptoms:

Deteriorating human condition
Appears sharp pain in a stomach
Weakness of the body, dizziness
Nausea, constant vomiting
The appearance of bitterness in the mouth
Large salivation
Loose stools that lead to dehydration
The appearance of temperature, heat, fever
The nervous system is affected, convulsions may occur
The face becomes pale, the color of the lips changes

More severe symptoms in case of poisoning with poor-quality food, the following are reflected:

change in urine color
sudden drop in blood pressure, which can lead to fainting
yellowing of the whites of the eyes
increased heart rate
severe and frequent diarrhea with blood
sore throat, swollen tonsils
dry mouth, shortness of breath

Causes of poisoning

Everyone experiences food poisoning. They are mainly caused by food: expired, spoiled food, poorly processed, non-edible mushrooms and various poisonous plants. It is very important to observe hygiene requirements: wash your hands thoroughly, change towels, change the sponge for washing dishes in time, observe the correct storage of food in the refrigerator. Also, food poisoning can occur due to foods that contain a large amount of nitrates.

When buying products, you need to pay attention to the smell, color, freshness of the product. If mold marks, bubbles, or the wrong consistency are found on food, it should not even be tried, but should be thrown away immediately. But sometimes poisoning occurs with products that have a good shelf life, and outwardly without signs of spoilage. Depends on who made the product.

The reason may be employees in the workplace who do not follow the rules of hygiene, or who are carriers of infections, thereby contaminating products.

Food poisoning is caused by:

Cakes with an "overexposed" expiration date
Dairy products: kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheese, fermented baked milk
Canned foods: pates, canned fish, green peas, corn, fruits
sausage, meat
Salads with sour cream and mayonnaise
Unwashed fruits and vegetables
expired juices
carbonated sweet water

To avoid food poisoning, it is important to monitor the expiration date of any products, if it is a packaged product, you need to pay attention to the integrity of the packaging. Vegetables and fruits are washed well before use and doused with boiling water.

First aid for food poisoning

If they appear slightest symptoms food poisoning, you need to immediately begin to act:

First of all, it is necessary to remove all toxic substances from the body: baking soda, or table salt dilute with boiled water (we should get a weak solution). Drink 2 - 3 glasses, it can be replaced with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, after drinking, induce vomiting.
After gastric lavage, it is necessary to take any sorbents, or just activated charcoal, they draw out toxins;
If the temperature rises, take an antipyretic
After poisoning, it is advisable not to take heavy food during the day. You can eat light food: broth with breadcrumbs, porridge.

On the video, folk recipes for the treatment of food poisoning:

If after all the measures the state of health does not improve, it is necessary to urgently call ambulance, or, if you have the strength, to independently contact a therapist, a gastroenterologist. A qualified doctor will prescribe special tests and prescribe proper treatment. It is important to remember that timely medical intervention is the key to health.

It should be noted that the features described above primary care refer only to food poisoning, e.g. symptoms after ingestion poisonous plants or mushrooms will be somewhat different: paralysis, loss of vision, suffocation, hallucinations can be caused. In these cases, it is definitely impossible to do without an ambulance.