Blockage and inflammation of the sebaceous glands: symptoms, treatment, causes, what to do. Sebaceous and sweat glands: functions and diseases

The term “atheroma” in medicine is used in two meanings:

1. one of the forms of atherosclerotic vascular lesions;

2. sebaceous gland cyst.

Our article is devoted to the symptoms and treatment of the disease sebaceous glands.

What it is

Atheroma is a deep cyst of the sebaceous gland located in the thickness of the skin.

The excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands can open directly on the surface of the skin, for example:

on eyelids and lips;
in the anal area;
on foreskin;
in the areola area;
in the outside ear canal.

In other cases sebaceous glands open into hair follicles, which are located on almost the entire surface of the body:

on the head;
on the back;
on the face, especially on the cheeks and chin;
behind the ear;
in the genital and groin area.

When the excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands are blocked, the secretion they secrete accumulates inside. An atheroma is formed - a retention cyst of the sebaceous gland. This formation never occurs on the palms and soles. It can appear on any part of the body where there are sebaceous glands. For example, there are often:

atheroma of the mammary gland and nipple;
atheroma of the scalp;
cysts on the cheeks, in the groin, in the area of the nasolabial folds, in the upper back.

The inside of the cyst cavity is lined squamous epithelium, it may be surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. A sebaceous cyst contains sebum, dead skin cells, and cholesterol.

In accordance with international classification diseases, atheroma is classified as follicular cysts of the skin and subcutaneous tissue(L72). In this case, the following histological varieties are distinguished:

epidermoid cyst - a congenital formation resulting from improper development of skin appendages;
trichodermal cyst associated with a hair follicle, which in most cases also includes atheroma;
steacystoma;
other and unspecified follicular cysts of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Causes

The immediate cause of the development of a sebaceous gland cyst is a blockage of the excretory duct in combination with an increased density of sebum secreted. The most common causes of atheroma:

period of puberty, accompanied by increased secretory activity of the sebaceous glands;
, that is, disruption of the sebaceous glands due to hormonal or inflammatory changes;
(increased sweating) of a general or local nature.

In all these cases, the sebaceous gland cyst is combined with clinical manifestations the underlying disease and can be considered as a complication. Additional factors contributing to the occurrence of atheroma:

Constant trauma to the skin;
metabolic disorders, e.g. diabetes, accompanied by a decrease in the protective properties of the skin;
dermatitis;
congenital anomalies of the structure of the sebaceous glands;
excessive use of cosmetics in combination with improper skin care;
some congenital diseases, causing disturbance synthesis of fats in the body.

Increased work of the sebaceous gland in combination with a decrease in the patency of its excretory duct leads to a delay in secretion. As a result, the gland swells and takes on the appearance of a sac filled with mushy contents. This process is reflected in the name of the disease. It is formed from two words of Greek origin: ἀθέρος, meaning “mush” and ομα, that is, tumor. However, atheroma is not a tumor, because its formation is not associated with excessive growth and proliferation of cells.

Clinical picture

The cyst is located under the skin, has a round shape, and a dense elastic (doughy) consistency. Its surface is smooth. Education may shift slightly relative to skin surface. Often the duct of the sebaceous gland is visible on its surface.

Often the atheromas are dense, painful, and the skin over them may acquire a bluish tint. In some cases they reach large sizes(up to 3-5 centimeters in diameter), causing a cosmetic defect. Most often these are single cysts, but they can also be multiple.

Quite often there are no symptoms of the disease, and the patient consults a doctor only for cosmetic changes.

Complications

Quite often, a sebaceous cyst exists for a long time without causing any discomfort. However, sooner or later complications may appear. How dangerous is atheroma? As a result of its growth, the following processes are possible:

opening with the formation of an ulcer;
formation of a subcutaneous abscess (abscess);
encystation, that is, the formation of a dense capsule around the sebaceous gland;
cases of malignant degeneration of atheromas are casuistic (extremely rare), many doctors generally deny this possibility.

The most common complication- suppuration of the cyst. It occurs for the following reasons:

failure to comply with personal hygiene standards;
constant injury to the area of pathological formation with clothing, a comb, etc.;
self-treatment of atheroma at home without consulting a doctor;
associated diseases - erysipelas, dermatitis, furunculosis and other infections.

The festering atheroma increases in size. The skin over it becomes tense, swells, and turns red. Light-colored internal contents are often visible if the cyst is located shallowly. The formation becomes painful and forces the patient to see a doctor.

An attempt to squeeze out the contents can lead to the development of a complication such as abscess atheroma. It is accompanied by severe swelling and soreness of the surrounding tissues, enlargement of nearby lymph nodes, and signs of general intoxication. In severe cases, microorganisms from the cyst enter the systemic bloodstream, causing sepsis, that is, blood poisoning.

Diagnostics

Typically, a doctor can easily establish a diagnosis during an examination based on characteristic external signs. However, sometimes a sebaceous cyst resembles. It is with this disease that the differential diagnosis is most often made.

Differences between atheroma and lipoma:

lipoma is a benign tumor of adipose tissue, and atheroma is a cyst of retention origin, formed from the sebaceous gland;
lipoma is not characterized by inflammation;
when examining the area of the lipoma, the excretory duct of the sebaceous gland is not visible;
a tumor from adipose tissue is softer and flatter in shape;
lipoma is less mobile;
uncharacteristic for lipoma fast growth and location on the face, mammary glands, in groin areas, on the scalp.

It helps to finally determine the nature of such formation histological examination– study of its tissue composition under a microscope. This method helps to distinguish atheroma not only from lipoma, but also from a connective tissue tumor (fibroma) or a formation arising from the sweat gland (hygroma).

A festering cyst should be distinguished from a skin boil - inflammation of the hair follicle. It is very difficult to do this on your own, so if your skin becomes inflamed, you should definitely seek medical help.

Treatment

Can atheroma go away on its own? This possibility exists if for some reason the patency of the sebaceous gland duct is restored, the contents will completely come out, while the cyst cavity will be cleared and secondary inflammation will not occur. As you can see, the likelihood of such an outcome of the disease is low. Therefore, when this formation appears, you need to consult a doctor without waiting for it to enlarge or fester.

Which doctor should I contact if I have atheroma? The surgeon performs the treatment. You can go to your local clinic or cosmetic clinic if the cyst only causes an external defect. Surgical intervention is carried out in a surgical clinic, and in complex cases the patient may need to be hospitalized.

In all cases it is shown surgical removal atheromas. Under local anesthesia the doctor performs excision and enucleation of the encysted atheroma. If it has festered, the formation is removed within healthy tissues and the cavity is thoroughly cleansed of pus.

After surgery, atheroma recurs in every tenth patient. The reason for this is the incomplete removal of necrotic tissue during surgery on a suppurating cyst. To reduce the risk of relapse, the abscess should first be opened, then conservative treatment, designed to reduce the intensity of inflammation. Only when the acute phenomena subside can the cyst capsule itself be removed. In general, it is better to operate on atheroma when it has no signs of infection.

After enucleation of the cyst capsule, drainage is installed and cosmetic stitches and a pressure bandage. After surgery, there may be a slight increase in body temperature. If the formation is small, then the scar seal disappears approximately six months after removal. When removing giant formations, rough scars may form.

If the size is small and there is no inflammation, it is possible to treat atheroma without surgery. This therapy involves getting rid of sebaceous gland cysts using low-traumatic methods:

radio wave method.

Laser removal is carried out when it is small in size - up to 8 mm in diameter. The advantages of this method are that it is bloodless and there are no scar changes after healing. This allows the use of this technique for interventions on the face. The use of a laser or radio wave method for removing atheroma does not require shaving the hair on the affected area, therefore these methods are preferable to the traditional method in the treatment of atheroma of the scalp. Relapse of the disease after such treatment is rare.

For larger cysts, low-traumatic interventions can also be used. This combines an incision with a scalpel and removal of the atheroma itself using a laser or an instrument for radio wave therapy. After such interventions, sutures are applied, which are removed 10-12 days after the operation.

How to relieve inflammation of atheroma after its removal?

Usually, after surgical enucleation or minimally traumatic interventions, a course of therapy is prescribed antibacterial drugs. The doctor may prescribe antibiotics for oral administration, for example, protected aminopenicillins, anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as physical procedures to speed up wound healing.

If a seal remains after removal, local anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing agents have a good effect.

Treatment with Vishnevsky ointment: Apply a gauze compress with this remedy to the affected area of skin for two hours a day. Vishnevsky ointment helps clean the postoperative wound from lymph clots and tissue debris, and prevents the development of infection.

Treatment with Levomekol is carried out in the same way. On the recommendation of a doctor, you can use drugs that prevent the formation of scar tissue.

You should not use home remedies for unremoved atheroma. Yes, some people manage to get rid of small lesions using such methods. However, this sharply increases the likelihood of suppuration, because under the influence of ointments there is an increase in blood flow and desquamation of cells from the surface of the skin. Thus, conditions are created for the development of complications. Don't risk your health and appearance, trying to get rid of atheroma on your own.

Prevention

A sebaceous cyst can occur for no apparent reason. However, there are some measures to prevent its formation:

a diet limiting animal fats, refined sugars, spices, and salt;
daily hygienic shower or others water treatments, compliance with personal hygiene rules;
timely treatment of seborrhea, acne, dermatitis, and other skin infections;
finding and eliminating the causes of excessive sweating;
Seeing a doctor if symptoms of the disease appear.

Diseases of the sebaceous glands, such as oily seborrhea, acne and red acne, are not only a cosmetic defect, but also a serious problem. As a result of gland hyperactivity, a shine appears on the skin, small droplets of fat accumulations appear, fat ducts expand, pores become clogged, an inflammatory process, and acne occur.

Increased production of oil by the sebaceous glands is common problem, which is encountered both during the transition period and throughout life. Experts associate the disease with external and internal factors.

The most common causes of acne are internal causes:

Hormonal disbalance. In adolescence, this is associated with puberty. In mature people, increased sebum secretion is associated with increased production of the male sex hormone - testosterone. The cause of the problem is polycystic disease or ovarian dysfunction. The hormone progesterone also affects skin problems.
Genetic predisposition. If parents or family have skin problems, children are also likely to increased activity sebaceous glands. Heredity is associated with congenital disorders in the functioning of the epithelium, deformation of the sebaceous glands, and excessive production of testosterone.
Chronic diseases. Overactivity of the sebaceous glands indicates disturbances in the functioning of internal organs. Frequent causes are disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract, gastritis, dysbacteriosis, adrenal diseases, cholelithiasis, infectious inflammation in the body, and disorders of the autonomic system.

TO external reasons include harmful factors environment, as well as features of life and skin care:

Cosmetic products. The wrong choice of basic skin care products leads to deterioration of the skin condition. Excessive use of products containing alcohol, oils, glycerin, and frequent scrubbing have a negative effect on the epidermis.
Violation of hygiene rules. Improper care skin care: infrequent or excessive cleansing, frequent use of nourishing products and scrubbing lead to a decrease in natural protection and disruption of the acid-base balance.
Poor nutrition. An unbalanced diet, including foods containing fats, simple carbohydrates, and iodine, leads to digestive disorders, dysbiosis, and changes in skin condition. Lack of vitamins also provokes the development of skin diseases.
Environmental impact. The work of the sebaceous glands is affected external factors: frostbite, dry indoor air, frequent exposure to ultraviolet rays.

General principles of treatment

Disruption of the sebaceous glands requires an integrated approach and an accurate determination of the cause that caused the development of the pathology.

Experts distinguish 3 degrees of severity of the problem:

mild – expressed in increased skin shine and local appearance of acne;
medium – expressed in clogged pores, acne formation, inflammation of skin areas;
severe - the inflammatory process is clearly expressed, covering large areas of the skin.

Depending on the severity of the problem, treatment is prescribed. In most cases, it is enough to change the principles of skin care and competent selection of cosmetic products.

General therapy disorders of the sebaceous glands are carried out in several directions:

Comprehensive examination and treatment of chronic diseases. The patient needs to undergo an examination and identify existing disorders in the functioning of internal organs. Drug therapy is aimed at eliminating foci of inflammation, normalizing the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, and improving the body's metabolic processes.
Nutrition correction. The patient is advised to adhere to proper diet nutrition. Fried and fatty foods, alcohol, carbonated drinks, and semi-finished products are completely excluded from it. Preference is given to fresh vegetables, fruits, and slow carbohydrates.

Vitamin therapy. Add to diet vitamin complexes. Special attention are given to vitamins A, E, B, C, D.
Skin care. To reduce the symptoms of inflammation, it is important to choose the right cosmetic products for basic care. It includes alcohol-free anti-inflammatory lotions, creams and gels with light textures. Matte products are used in decorative cosmetics.
Drug therapy. Involves the use of drugs with antiseptic, antimicrobial, keratolytic or antibacterial effects.

How to get rid of sebaceous glands: drug treatment

Drug treatment is necessary in cases of moderate or severe disease. The selection of drugs is made only by a specialist, depending on the underlying reasons.

IN drug therapy includes the following:

use of local drugs;
antibacterial treatment;
normalization of hormonal levels.

Features of local therapy

Experts identify several groups of drugs that have shown high effectiveness when applied topically.

Preparations with retinoic acid. The products help reduce the inflammatory process and normalize the functioning of the sebaceous glands. Adapalene is considered the optimal drug. The product is used once a day and has a cumulative effect. Requires long-term use.
Antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial treatment is prescribed when papules and pustules appear. As medicine for local application use Proderm, Eclaran, Azelik, Skinoren, Zerkalin, Dalatsin. The drugs are used 1-2 times a day.
Combination drugs. The main advantage of this product line is A complex approach and extended action. The composition includes several active components that can solve the problem. The most effective are Isotrexin, Klenzit, Zinerit.

Antibacterial therapy

In difficult cases, when the sebaceous glands malfunction, a bacterial infection may occur. In such situations, the use of antibacterial therapy is required.

According to research, bacteria have the least resistance to tetracycline antibiotics and macrolides. When purulent inflammation that provoke malfunctions of the sebaceous glands, Erythromycin, Josamycin, Dixycycline, Metacycline or Oxytetracycline are prescribed.

To relieve symptoms of hyperactivity of the sebaceous glands on the face, a full course of treatment is necessary, it lasts from 5 to 10 days. Antibacterial treatment interruptions are not allowed. The reason for stopping taking the drug may be individual intolerance to the active substance. The dosage and treatment regimen are prescribed only by a specialist.

Hormone therapy

Treatment of sebaceous glands hormonal therapy possible only after passing laboratory tests and consultations with a gynecologist.

Drugs are selected for therapy to correct hormonal background women. In most cases this hormonal contraceptives. They are produced in the form of tablets, rings, applicators, and implants. Correction with contraceptives is possible only if the woman does not expect to have children in the next six months.

If pregnancy is planned, cyclic hormone therapy is prescribed. It involves the use of estrogen at the beginning of the cycle and progesterone in the second half.

Salon methods for solving the problem

Increased secretion of the sebaceous glands can be treated using both cosmetic products and salon methods. They are prescribed when it is necessary to influence the deeper layers of the epidermis.

Salon procedures are prescribed after a comprehensive examination and are an effective addition to drug treatment.

From effective procedures experts highlight the following:

galvanization;
microdermabrasion;
laser resurfacing;
acid peeling;
disincrustation.

A pronounced effect is observed only after a full course of procedures and subject to preventive measures skin care.

Almost everyone knows about inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It occurs when the pores become clogged. Pathological process observed when there is an excess of sebum, dead cells, as well as the proliferation of bacteria. In this case, you can notice a large number of different acne, tumors, as well as black and white boils. What are the causes of inflammation of the sebaceous glands? Is it possible to prevent it? How to get rid of inflammation?

Causes of inflammation of the sebaceous glands

The main reason is hormonal imbalances. During puberty, active production of the sex hormone – androgen – is observed, as a result of which the sebaceous glands enlarge. Quite often the inflammatory process is caused by heredity.

Also, problems with the sebaceous glands occur after taking certain medications, which contain lithium and androgen. How to get rid of inflammation of the sebaceous glands? It is worth considering that in adolescence, many drugs and remedies are very dangerous to health, so it is best to refuse them and pay attention to traditional methods treatment.

Atheroma as a complication of the inflammatory process in the sebaceous glands

If you do not pay attention to inflammation in a timely manner, everything can end with the formation of a tumor under the skin, because the ducts of the glands that are responsible for the production of sebum are clogged.

Atheroma is a benign formation, but it must be gotten rid of in a timely manner, otherwise everything can end in serious complications.

Education appears on different areas body, most often where hair grows. You can notice atheroma on the head where there are most hair follicles - on the crown, back of the head, temples.

What causes atheroma?

Skin problems most often arise when personal hygiene rules are not followed. It is worth noting the internal reasons:

Failures in metabolism, because of this, the consistency of the sebaceous glands changes.
Damage to the hair follicle and blockage of the bulb.
Inflammation of the skin, which leads to damage to the sebaceous glands.
Congenital pathologies in the sebaceous glands.
Acne, acne, skin trauma.
Hormonal dysfunction.
Passion for different things cosmetics, drugs. Do not overuse decorative cosmetics.

Traditional methods of treating inflammation of the sebaceous glands

Lemon juice and rose water . Mix a tablespoon of water and the same amount of lemon juice. Wipe your face and wash after an hour.
Moisturizing lotion based on rose water . You need to take rose water - a tablespoon, vinegar - a teaspoon, add 5 drops of glycerin and 3 drops of camphor. The product can be used morning and evening.
Orange mixture . It is necessary to grind the orange peel and add a little purified water. Apply the mask to your face and lie with it for about 30 minutes.
Ice cubes will reduce enlarged pores.
Purified water. We drink as much purified water as possible.
Fruits and green vegetables should be in the daily diet.

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Basic rules of hygiene for inflammation of the sebaceous glands

You need to wash your face twice a day and use a special facial toner.
Give up different types soap, hard wipes, which can aggravate your problem.
Do not comb or touch problem areas of the skin. This can all result in scarring and the appearance of age spots.
If you use sprays or hairsprays, be careful not to get them on your face.
If there is inflammation, you cannot use different anti-aging creams.
Before washing your face, remove all makeup.

How to treat atheroma?

The sebaceous tumor is most often removed through surgery. To do this, a small incision is made in the skin, after which the tumor is removed. In some situations, special medicines, which help atheroma resolve faster.

Traditional methods of treatment are also used to treat atheroma. :

A mixture of garlic and olive oil. Grate the garlic (3 cloves), add oil (a teaspoon). Mix everything, then apply to the affected area. Wait until the product is completely absorbed.
Films chicken eggs. Try to collect thin films of eggs from the shell, apply them to the site of the tumor for 3 days. You will notice how it starts to disappear.
Coltsfoot leaves relieve cervical atheroma. You need to take fresh leaves and apply them to the cone. They need to be changed daily for about two weeks. How to fix the leaves so that the compress does not move? A patch must be used.
Natural ointment for the treatment of atheroma in the groin. Take a tablespoon of sour cream, honey and the same amount of salt. All ingredients must be thoroughly mixed and applied to the tumor. After 30 minutes, the ointment is washed off.
Atheroma should be wiped with aloe juice every day. The remedy is especially effective when a tumor appears behind the ear.

How to prevent complications of the inflammatory process in the sebaceous glands?

Be sure to watch your diet. If you abuse junk food and refuse vitamins and other beneficial microelements, your sebaceous gland ducts will constantly become clogged. It is very important to take a contrast shower every day.

Also remember to wear clothing that protects your skin as much as possible if you work in a dirty or dusty environment.

Attention! Sometimes the inflammatory process, which is complicated by atheroma, may return after a while. It is necessary to pay attention to the factors of relapse and eliminate them in a timely manner.

The main factors for the recurrence of atheroma include:

Incomplete tumor removal.
The abscess was opened, but the tumor itself was not removed.
Ineffective conservative methods treatment.
The patient self-medicates purulent atheroma.

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Thus, inflammation of the sebaceous glands is caused by various reasons. To prevent very serious complications, it is worth identifying the pathology in advance and taking all necessary measures. If atheroma occurs, you must urgently contact a dermatologist who will prescribe an effective course of therapy.

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Increased work of the sebaceous glands provokes excessive secretion, unpleasant shine, and increased fat content of the epidermis.

Dust, dirt, dead skin particles accumulate in enlarged pores, causing acne, redness, and blackheads to appear.

What to do if the sebaceous glands on the face are inflamed? Treatment will be successful only if combined pharmaceutical drugs, home remedies, salon procedures.

Factors that provoke excess sebum production:

unhealthy diet with a predominance of carbohydrate and fatty foods, frequent inclusion in the menu of milk and white chocolate, smoked meats, sweets, products with dyes and flavors;
endocrine diseases;
hormonal disruptions during pregnancy, menopause, and puberty;
frequent drinking of alcohol, smoking;
hereditary predisposition to hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands;
depressive states, chronic stress;
improper or insufficient facial skin care.

Often, during an appointment, a cosmetologist identifies several reasons that negatively affect the condition of facial skin. You need to listen to the advice of a specialist in order to prevent severe inflammation of the epidermis.

It is impossible to return a pleasant color to the epidermis, healthy looking, get rid of enlarged pores, blackheads, oily shine and inflamed areas while negative factors are in effect.

Salon treatments

If there is active sebum secretion, acne, redness, or irritation of the facial skin, you need to visit a cosmetologist.

Homemade masks and lotions moisturize well, cleanse problem areas, reduce inflammation, but are not able to completely eliminate the production of glands.

Pharmacy cosmetics provide a noticeable therapeutic effect, but in case of severe skin lesions, action on the deeper layers of the epidermis will be required. For this purpose, it is worth visiting a cosmetology clinic and taking a course of salon procedures.

After examination, identifying skin problems and the causes of the inflammatory process, the doctor selects the types of treatment on an individual basis. For maximum effect, it is necessary to simultaneously treat pathologies of internal organs, normalize hormonal levels, and adjust the diet. It is important to choose the optimal series of skin care formulations, otherwise the treatment result will not be sufficiently pronounced and will not last long.

Problems with the sebaceous glands manifest themselves as external defects, especially noticeable on the face. - about how to eliminate cosmetic defects, you will learn from this publication.

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Galvanization

During the session, the cosmetologist uses special types electric current little force.

The pulses are low voltage. During the treatment of the face with currents, skin become more loose, toxins and sebaceous secretions are more actively removed.

The technique gives good results at complex treatment excessive oiliness of the epidermis, acne, skin aging.

Microdermabrasion

Mechanical, delicate facial peeling is a technique for removing dead skin particles that clog pores.

Important points:

safe, painless and highly effective procedure;
for crystalline microdermabrasion, small aluminum particles are used to cleanse the surface of the epidermis;
with oxygen microdermabrasion, the facial skin is exposed not only to aluminum elements, but also to oxygen under high pressure;
With the diamond type of dermabrasion, the cosmetologist uses special attachments made of durable material that delicately and actively remove the stratum corneum.

Laser resurfacing

A popular method for combating scars, scars, spots remaining on the skin after eliminating inflammation and large ulcers. Pulsating concentrated beams of light affect uneven areas of the epidermis, delicately, layer by layer, removing damaged tissue.

Laser facial resurfacing

Important points:

after laser peeling, the treated areas heal, are restored, and a new, elastic, smooth layer appears;
lightening of the upper layer of skin occurs less frequently;
carbon laser shows little side effects, epidermis and healthy tissues next to problem areas experience virtually no negative impact.

Mesotherapy

An effective method of treating inflammation and other problems of the epidermis through injection medicinal solutions and meso-cocktails directly into the affected area.

Thanks to a special gun with a very thin needle, the doctor treats the problem area. The drugs penetrate into the deep layers of the skin, accelerate regeneration processes, and reduce the degree of inflammation.

Facial mesotherapy

Acid peeling

During the procedure, the active components destroy horny particles, making dead cells easier to remove from the face. After using this method, it becomes easier for the sebaceous glands to secrete, clogged pores open, and the risk of blackheads and inflammation decreases. When healthy cells are damaged, the synthesis of valuable components is activated: elastin, hyaluronic acid, collagen.

Cosmetologists perform multi-acid and single-acid peeling. There are chemical and physical types of exposure for applying acids.

Acid peeling - before and after

Depending on the depth of penetration, doctors distinguish several types of acid peeling:

median using trichloroacetic or retinoic acid;
superficial - fruit, salicylic or glycolic acid;
deep using phenol. Good effect for removing acne scars. The procedure is carried out in a hospital setting.

Disincrustation

The hardware technique is used to remove accumulations of sebaceous gland products and cleanse the face.

Galvanic cleaning is suitable for problem skin, with sensitive and delicate epidermis.

First, the cosmetologist applies a special solution to the face for disincrustation, then applies galvanic currents.

During the process of iontophoresis, alkaline ions enter the deep layers of the epidermis, react with other substances - triglycerides, and new compounds - soaps - appear.

After the procedure, the pores open, keratinized particles are exfoliated, and it becomes possible for free outflow of sebaceous gland secretions.

Cosmetical tools

To care for oily skin with hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands, you can purchase formulations from well-known companies. The best option is to buy one series of several items. You should look for products to treat problem skin in pharmacies. Compositions based on phytoextracts and natural ingredients give a good effect.

To reduce the fat content of the epidermis and reduce inflammation, you need to use tonic, milk, day and night cream, moisturizing emulsion, thermal water. At the appointment, the cosmetologist will tell you what products you must have at home, and what you can do without.

Products for the care of oily, inflamed skin from well-known brands received good reviews from doctors and representatives of the fair sex:

Noreva.
Bioderma.
Vichy.
Valmont.
Avene.
Uriage.
Klorane.
Garnier.
KORFF.

Popular domestic brands:

Clean line.
Natura Siberica.
Clearasil.
Green Mama.

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Traditional medicine recipes

You can reduce the production of sebaceous secretions at home using formulations with a natural base. Mixtures of vegetables, berries, honey, aloe juice, dairy products, yolk, herbal decoctions refresh, tighten pores, and reduce inflammation.

Proven remedies for combating excess oil on the face:

cucumber lotion: for 200 ml of alcohol - 3 tbsp. l. juice from cucumber pulp;
face paste made from corn starch and boiled water. The mass should resemble thin sour cream;
yolk mask. Express remedy against enlarged pores and sebaceous shine. Apply the mashed product (1 yolk) to the face, after a quarter of an hour, rinse with cool water;
mixture of apple cider vinegar(2 parts) and water (10 parts). Wipe your face morning and evening;
herbal decoction with anti-inflammatory, astringent, soothing effect. Combine 1 tbsp in a bowl. l. chamomile, sage, calendula, pour in 500 ml boiling water, simmer for 2 minutes over low heat. Strain the cooled herbal remedy and use it for morning and evening facial cleansing. In case of severe inflammation, additionally wipe the skin during the day;
mask of aloe pulp (2 tablespoons) and thin honey (1 tablespoon). Keep on your face for a third of an hour;
almond mask for oily shine. Combine ground grains (1 tbsp) with the same amount of honey. Wash off the composition after 15 minutes;
a mixture of cucumber juice (5 parts) and lemon juice (1 part). Wipe problem areas with lotion three times a day.

It is important to choose natural ingredients for cleansing, nourishing, and moisturizing porous skin.

With active spread of acne, redness, appearance of ulcers, acute inflammation epidermis, the main emphasis should be on pharmaceutical preparations.

For severe skin lesions, home remedies ( herbal infusions) use as an additional type of treatment for problematic epidermis.

If there is excessive activity of the sebaceous glands on the face, you should not self-medicate: only an experienced cosmetologist will suggest a solution to the problem. The greatest effect can be obtained by performing salon procedures in combination with proper home care for oily skin.

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In inflammatory diseases of the sebaceous and sweat glands, their main functions - thermoregulatory and water-repellent - are disrupted. The most common diseases of the sebaceous and sweat glands are acne and seborrhea. Paradoxically, their occurrence can be caused not only by non-compliance with the simplest hygiene rules, but also by excessive abuse of them when they decrease protective properties skin.

Where are the sebaceous and sweat glands located, their functions

Sebaceous glands (glandulae sebasea)- These are skin glands, the secretion of which (sebum) serves as a fatty lubricant for the hair and skin surface.

Where are the sebaceous glands located in the human body: they are located almost all over the skin with the exception of the palms and soles. In certain areas of the body that are devoid of hair (eyelids, lips, glans penis, foreskin, nipples and areola of the mammary glands, clitoris, labia minora, around the anus, external auditory canal), there are so-called free sebaceous glands that open directly on surface of the epidermis. In all other cases, the excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands open into the hair follicles.

Depending on their location, the sebaceous glands can vary significantly in size, location and structure.

Sebum is produced by the sebaceous glands under the influence of male hormone androgen and consists of more than 40 acids and alcohols. First it enters the hair follicle, where it lubricates the hair. Then, coming to the surface of the skin, it forms a greasy, slightly acidic film (the so-called acidic mantle of the skin). It is of great importance for maintaining a healthy, intact skin, as it has antiseptic and antibacterial properties. Sebum also prevents penetration harmful substances from outside. However, its most important function of the sebaceous glands is to retain moisture in the skin.

Sweat glands produce sweat. They have a fairly simple structure - they consist of a secretory glomerulus and an excretory duct.

According to the method of formation and composition of the secretion, sweat glands are divided into apocrine and eccrine. Where are the sweat glands located and what are their functions?

Apocrine sweat glands located in armpits, anal area, perineum, on the wings of the nose, eyelids, external auditory canal. They do not participate in thermoregulation, but respond to stress. The sweat they produce can be odorous and sticky. The peak activity of these glands occurs during puberty (adolescence); in old age, their functions as sweat glands weaken.

Eccrine sweat glands located on the entire surface of the body, except for the glans, foreskin of the penis, and the red border of the lips. Composition: 99% water 1% inorganic and organic matter. The sweat from these glands makes the surface of the skin acidic.

Why the sebaceous glands become inflamed: inflammatory acne disease

Acne- a common skin disease that manifests itself inflammatory process hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

Areas with increased content sebaceous glands: face, chest, back. Characterized by a chronic course.

The causes of diseases of the sebaceous and sweat glands can be:

internal diseases:
hormonal imbalance is the main cause of acne in adolescence, during the premenstrual period, against the background of chronic diseases of the genital organs or pregnancy;
disorders - failure of the adrenal glands or;
Another cause of disease of the sebaceous glands is follicular hyperkeratosis - a disruption of the normal process of constant renewal of the cells of the hair follicles, where the lumen of the sebaceous glands opens. Horny scales clog the follicular duct, which leads to the formation of microcomedones - blackheads. Blockage of the mouth of the hair follicle stops the access of air to its cavity. Together with the accumulation of sebum and dead horny skin scales inside the follicle, favorable conditions are created for the proliferation of bacteria;
and unbalanced diet - the predominance of carbohydrate foods in the diet and the deficiency of essential amino acids and healthy fats lead to hyperfunction of the sebaceous glands. Correction of nutrition allows you to normalize the secretion of sebum, sometimes this is enough to get rid of acne;
individual skin microflora that contributes to acne;
It can also be a cause of disease of the sebaceous and sweat glands.
comedogenic cosmetics, which clog pores and contribute to the appearance of acne. Comedogenic substances include oils (corn, coconut, peach, almond, soybean), lanolin, petroleum jelly, oleic acid, sulfur, squalene, sorbitan oleate, sodium lauryl sulfate, myristyl lactate, etc.;
heat and humid climate contribute to exacerbation of the disease;
redundant ultraviolet irradiation increases the formation of sebum and dries out the stratum corneum, which leads to aggravation of acne and an increase in the number of acne. However, in small amounts, ultraviolet irradiation causes an improvement in the course of the disease;
inflammatory diseases of the sebaceous glands of the skin can be caused by contact with toxic substances (in this case, hyperkeratosis and seborrhea may develop);
squeezing pimples leads to the penetration of infection into the deeper layers of the skin, seeding of non-inflamed elements and the spread of the disease;
drug-induced acne develops while taking a number of drugs (for example, corticosteroids);
Another reason why the sebaceous glands become inflamed may be too frequent washing, which dries out the skin and reduces its protective properties - this can lead to the development or exacerbation of the disease.

How to treat acne inflammation of the sebaceous glands

Treatment of acne depends on the severity of the disease (mild, moderate, severe) and is aimed at:

reduction in sebum production;
normalization of horn formation in the hair follicle;
suppression of microflora;
reduction of inflammation.

To treat inflammation of the sebaceous glands of mild to moderate severity, preparations for external (local) therapy are used: creams, gels, ointments, lotions, etc., containing various active substances(retinoids, antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, etc.), which prevent the formation of comedones or destroy them, reducing the formation of sebum and inflammation. For more severe forms of acne, retinoids and oral antibiotics are prescribed.

Hormonal imbalances may require therapy with sex hormones.

Along with the therapy prescribed by a dermatologist, it is possible to use cosmetic procedures.

Inflammation of the sebaceous and sweat glands, seborrhea and its treatment

Seborrhea- it's chronic pathological condition skin, characterized by increased secretion of the sebaceous glands and a change in the normal state of sebum.

There are many internal reasons the appearance of seborrhea, among which the most important is dysfunction of the endocrine glands (endocrine disorders), especially the gonads.

Symptoms of diseases of the sebaceous and sweat glands appear as follows:

increased greasiness of the skin (glossy with oil, especially the skin of the face);
expansion of the excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands, which is especially noticeable on the wings of the nose and cheeks;
formation of sebaceous-horn plugs in the excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands;
increased secretion of sebum on the scalp, in the sternum and between the shoulder blades.

Against the background of seborrhea, acne vulgaris (ordinary) often appears.

To treat inflammation of the sebaceous and sweat glands, it is recommended:

strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene;
Every morning and evening, degrease seborrheic skin and remove excessive amounts of sebum from its surface. Use high-quality soap for washing, wash with warm rather than hot water, and then rinse your face with cold water;
limit the amount of animal fats (cow butter, lard) and carbohydrates (sugar, sweets) in the diet. Include protein-rich foods (milk, cheese, eggs, lean meat), as well as vegetables and fruits in your menu every day;
spend a lot of time on fresh air, sunbathing (use a quartz lamp in autumn and winter);
When caring for seborrheic skin, creams and ointments should not be used, as they contribute to blockage of the excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands. It is recommended to wipe oily skin with a 2% solution of salicylic alcohol.

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