Antihistamines for dogs: list of medications. Is regular suprastin suitable for dogs? Can a puppy be given suprastin?

Lately allergic reactions in dogs are not uncommon, because the number of potential allergens is growing every day. Only a veterinarian can accurately determine that an animal has an allergy, so the most competent thing that the owner of a four-legged friend can do if hives or signs of obvious skin itching appears is to seek help or advice from a specialist.

Features of allergies in dogs and its classification

Allergies are not normal increased reaction the body to some foreign substance that has entered it by any means. Under normal circumstances, everything foreign and harmful is simply removed from the body, but in allergy sufferers a certain inflammatory reaction with the release of histamine into the blood. It is this substance that makes itself felt by redness, rashes and itching anywhere on the body.

Often this pathology It has genetic predisposition, and the strength of its manifestation depends on the amount of allergen entering the body.

Features of the flow:

• more severe symptoms (especially in the manifestation of itching) than in other warm-blooded animals and humans;
• large list of allergens;
• increased manifestations over the years;
• The condition primarily affects the skin of dogs.

The most unpleasant complication allergic reactions are scratches and wounds that appear due to strong uncontrolled scratching. Open wound surfaces serve entrance gate for pathogenic bacteria, so the process is often complicated purulent inflammation in places of scratching.

The parts of the body that are most often affected by allergies in dogs can be seen in the photo:

The classification of allergic reactions in dogs combines the types of allergens and the ways they enter the body.

Types of allergies:

• food allergies in dogs;
• medicinal;
• chemical (for animal care products or household chemicals);
• infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal or helminthic);
• insect (reactions to insect bites and cutaneous blood-sucking insects, i.e. allergy to fleas in dogs);
• autoimmune reactions (the rarest form).

Allergic reactions manifest themselves in two ways:

• cumulative (some time after contact with the allergen - up to several weeks);
• instantaneous (almost immediately after interaction).

Allergies in dogs: general and specific symptoms

The body of any animal is densely covered with hair, so signs of increased reactivity of the body do not immediately become visible. It is useful to carry out an unobtrusive examination of the skin, muzzle and ears at the moment of direct contact with the dog. It should be noted that the shorter and lighter the coat, the more pronounced and noticeable the symptoms.

The following list of symptoms may indicate that your pet has an allergy.

Important: dogs do not sweat in the sense in which people are accustomed to understanding the meaning of this physiological phenomenon. The sweat glands in these animals, which control thermoregulation, are located only on the pads of the paws and in the mouth area. Increased humidity in the armpits and in any other part of the body is always a sign of health problems and, most often, a symptom of an allergic reaction!

Photos of types of allergies

Autoimmune cutaneous vasculitis	Allergic otitis media	Interdigital dermatitis	Drug allergy
Food allergies	Quincke's edema with anaphylaxis	Erythema multiforme	lupus erythematosus
Flea dermatitis	Hives	Atopic dermatitis	Bullous pemphigoid

Anaphylactic shock in a dog: symptoms, first aid

Regardless of what causes anaphylaxis, it always occurs the same way. It can be local and systemic, and the first form can transform into the second. Most often it occurs due to bites or injection of drugs.

Local manifestation:

• urticaria (local redness, rash, itching);
• angioedema (under the skin and in deep layers fabrics).

Systemic signs:

• vomiting and increased agitation, which is replaced by depression;
• respiratory depression;
• cardiovascular failure and possible loss consciousness.

Important: if there is a risk or actual occurrence of anaphylactic shock, you should immediately take the animal to a veterinary hospital. You have no more than 1 hour to provide first aid to the animal, otherwise it will die!

Actions of the veterinarian:

1. Immediate intramuscular injection suprastin or diphenhydramine - 0.2 ml/kg.
2. Intravenous cordiamine 0.02-0.6 ml/kg or subcutaneous sulfocamphocaine 0.2 ml/kg (supports heart function).
3. Subcutaneously any of the steroids: hydrocortisone, dexamethasone or dexon - 0.5-1 mg/kg depending on the size of the dog.
4. Intravenous “cocktail” of glucose and ascorbic acid in one syringe (m ml + 0.2 ml/kg).
5. Intramuscularly 1 amp. immunofana.

Next, after stopping the attack within 24 hours:

1. Calcium chloride from 1 to 5 tbsp. - drink during the day.
2. Instead of water, it is better to drink a decoction of the string.
3. Relieve itching with hydrocortisone spray 2-3 times a day (4 amps of hydrocortisone, 80 ml of alcohol, 50 ml of glycerin, 350 ml of water - put in a hand spray bottle).

Diagnostics

Before the diagnosis of allergies is confirmed, the veterinarian will rule out those diseases that have similar clinical manifestations. IN differential diagnosis includes skin scrapings, stool analysis for helminths, trichoscopy, bacterial cultures and blood tests, etc.

To determine food reactivity, diagnostic nutrition is administered for 1.5-2 months and a protein map is drawn up. During this period, the dog’s body’s reactions to various food proteins. All reaction results are recorded in a protein map. Products containing proteins that are reactive to the body will need to be excluded for the rest of the animal’s life. There is no other way to find out what food a dog is allergic to! Human tests are absolutely not suitable in this case.

To determine the reaction to fleas and their saliva, use a test with damp white paper, visual inspection, trial diagnostic treatment. When testing with wet paper, red spots from “black” dandruff combed from the dog’s skin and fur will spread out on the sheet - these are traces of flea activity.

Determine allergies to other substances found in environment, it is possible if there is increased attentiveness of the owners to their pets. An attentive owner notices the slightest changes in the health of the pet and the reasons that caused these changes, which are then brought to the attention of the veterinarian. Also, when assuming allergies to plants and their pollen, seasonality is taken into account, and not just external signs diseases.

Allergy treatment

If a dog has an allergy, only a veterinarian knows how to treat it. Bring the body out of a reactive state into mandatory Only a specialist should, because only he can distinguish non-standard reactions from some other infectious and non-communicable diseases that have a similar clinical picture.

Treatment of allergies in dogs is always complex and depends on the type of reaction and its symptomatic manifestations. But regardless of the nuances of the development of the condition, two main points of treatment are present in any case:

1. Stopping exposure of the body to allergens.
2. Antihistamine therapy - general and local.

Sick or recovering animals are fed special hypoallergenic food for dogs with allergies, specially designed for such cases. You can also create your diet according to your food diary, excluding all reactive food names.

The same procedure accompanies medicines- Only drugs that do not cause allergies can be administered. Drugs that have provoked a non-standard reaction at least once are usually recorded in the animal’s personal medical record or in the veterinary passport.

Features of medical care for different types of allergies:

• Food— determination of the type and elimination food allergen through a diagnostic diet.
• Insect- removal of all cutaneous blood-sucking insects from the surface of the animal and from its environment.
• Medicinal - immediate antiallergic or, if necessary, antishock therapy (usually local treatment is not required).
• Infectious - determining the type of infection accompanied by immune failure and eliminating it (without eliminating the cause of the allergy, antihistamine therapy will be ineffective).
• Atopic dermatitis - cannot be completely cured, therefore symptomatic antihistamine therapy and local antipruritic effects will accompany the dog throughout its life.
• Autoimmune reaction - administration of massive doses of glucocorticoids to relieve exacerbation of the disease, followed by transfer to minimal maintenance doses;
  • therapy that suppresses immune activity so that the body stops “attacking” its own cells and organs;
  • symptomatic therapy, depending on which organ or system is “attacked” by the immune system.

• Allergic otitis - against the background of antihistamine therapy, general anti-inflammatory treatment of otitis is carried out.

Review of Allergy Medicines in Dogs

Due to the peculiarities of the manifestation and course of allergic reactions in dogs, the range of antihistamines allowed for use in them is quite wide. All antihistamines are divided into 3 large groups:

• drugs that reduce the response of H1/2 receptors (what reacts to histamine in the body);
• drugs that bind and remove histamine;
• drugs that prevent the production of histamine.

In dogs, drugs belonging to the first group are most often used, i.e. they reduce the body’s response to histamine circulating in the blood, relax smooth muscles, relieving spasms, reduce swelling by reducing vascular permeability and eliminate other obvious allergic symptoms. The decision on what to give your dog for allergies is made only by a veterinarian!

Diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine) It has a pronounced antihistamine sedative and anti-inflammatory effect. It is used for any reactive failures, including medicinal ones. Administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly in the form of a 1% solution twice a day. Dose: 0.6-0.8 mg/kg animal body weight.

Diprazine (phenergan, pipolphen, allergan) Effective for dermatitis accompanied by itching. Causes drowsiness. Administered intramuscularly in the form of a 2.5% solution or tablets. Dosage: 4.5-5 mg/kg 2-3 times a day.

Diazolin (mebhydrolin, incidal, omeril) Prescribed for allergies of unknown origin. Used internally in the form of tablets. Partially inhibits the functioning of the central nervous system. Dose calculation: 3-4 mg/kg once or twice a day.

Suprastin (allergans) It is used for absolutely all forms of allergies. Has a slight sedative effect. Given in the form of a 2% solution. Dosage: 0.1-0.5 ml twice a day.

Tavegil (angistan, clemastine) The therapeutic effect is similar to diphenhydramine, but with a longer lasting effect. The dosage is the same for both the 0.1% solution and the tablets: 0.015-0.02 mg/kg 1-2 times a day.

Ketotifen (astafen, zaditen) Often used for anaphylactic shock, histamine bronchospasm and long-term systematic elimination of allergic reactions (due to the cumulative effect). Dosage: 0.02-0.05 mg/kg. Twice a day course for 2-3 months.

Astemizole (gismanal) It works well for food allergies, urticaria and rhinitis. They ask inside. Do not use during pregnancy. Dose: 0.3-0.35 mg/kg 2-3 times a day.

Cetirizine An excellent antiallergic drug that does not cause drowsiness. Once or twice a day. Dose: 0.25-0.5 mg/kg animal weight.

Loratadine (Claritin) Performs well when allergic rhinitis and lacrimation in dogs. Not prescribed to pregnant bitches. Approximate dosage: 0.1-0.15 mg/kg once a day.

Bicarfen An antihistamine with a broad antiserotonin effect: allergic lacrimation and rhinitis, drug allergies and reactions to food, atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, hay fever. Regimen: 1-1.5 mg/kg up to two times daily for 1-2 weeks. In case of seasonal outbreaks, you can repeat the course throughout the year.

Cyprodine (adekin, apetigen, peritol) Works well for urticaria, skin itching, insect bites and serum sickness. They give it inside. Dose: 0.09-0.1 mg/kg up to 3 times a day, based on the speed of action on symptoms.

In most cases, allergies are not a fatal pathology. But timeliness plays a decisive role in preserving the life and health of a four-legged friend: identifying allergic symptoms, delivering to a veterinarian and providing therapeutic antihistamine assistance.

Illnesses always cause us inconvenience, knock us out of the usual rhythm of life, and empty our savings. When an illness affects our loved ones, we are also forced to put aside all our affairs in order to help them.

But what to do when ours suffers a pet ? After all, they do not know how to talk and cannot tell about symptoms. We are responsible for those we have tamed. Let's look in detail at how Suprastin and its analogues will help cope with allergy symptoms in dogs.

A medicinal antihistamine produced by EGIS Corporation. Basics active substance– chloropyramine. Release form: tablets and ampoules for intramuscular injection.

He provides the following effects on the body:

1. Reduces H1 sensitivity histamine receptors to histamine.
2. Slightly suppresses histamine production.
3. It has a sedative effect on the central nervous system, which allows you to get rid of discomfort and make it easier to tolerate allergies.
4. It has a vasodilating effect, which, by increasing the capacity of blood channels, thereby increases immunomodulatory ability.

Indications for use

• Chronic and seasonal allergic reactions.
• Anaphylactic shock attack.
• Angioedema.

Contraindications

• hypersensitivity to the ingredients included in the drug;
• asthma attack;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• benign hypertrophy (enlargement) of the prostate gland;
• angle-closure glaucoma;
• simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors;
• incompatibility with some medications.

Side effects

From the side:

• central nervous system: sedation and slow reaction, drowsiness, fast fatiguability, dizziness, ataxia, agitation, tremors, convulsions, spasms, short-term visual impairment, apathy, decreased reaction speed.
• of cardio-vascular system: arterial hypotension, accelerated heartbeat (tachycardia), arrhythmia.
• digestive tract: discomfort and pain in the stomach, dry mouth, thirst, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased and decreased appetite.
• circulatory system: leukopenia, blood thinning, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, other pathological changes blood.
• organs of vision: increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma.
• renal and urinary system: polyuria, dysuria, urinary retention.
• skin and subcutaneous tissue: photosensitivity, sensory deprivation.
• vestibular, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue: myopathy, loss of balance.
• immune system: skin hyperemia, rash, itching, urticaria, angioedema.
• For the drug in the form of an injection solution, a change (redness, bump) at the injection site is also noted.

Effect on animals

When the first symptoms of an allergic reaction appear, for example, if you notice that your dog is itching, the only correct solution is to visit the veterinarian, which after diagnostics, taking into account individual characteristics body and breed of dog, prescribe a course of treatment.

But is there always time and opportunity to visit a doctor? What to do if the condition is critical?

To eliminate itching, the pet is given any antihistamine, "Suprastin" is the most popular, as it has acceptable quality and low price. Recommended daily dose- 2 mg per 1 kilogram of animal weight. It is better to divide the entire dose into three equal doses.

If he refuses to take the tablets

In cases where it is impossible to give tableted suprastin to a dog in any way - it is capricious, does not take the tablet or refuses to eat food at all, you can replace it with injections.

Most often, injections are given in the neck area (withers), but if the pet’s hair is long enough, there is a high chance of infection. The most reliable way is the deltoid muscle or thigh.

Step-by-step instruction

1. Prepare the injection site by lubricating it with an alcohol wipe; if fur gets in the way, pinch it with a hair clip.
2. Open the syringe package and place the needle on the syringe.
3. Open the ampoule and draw the contents. Avoid bubbles, if they do form, tap with your finger so that they gather in one place, then squeeze them out.
4. Immediately before the injection, lubricate the area again.
5. Insert the needle slowly. A dog's muscle reaction is much faster than a person's, and the impulse strength is higher. If you try to insert the needle in one motion and hit a nerve, a spasm will occur, the needle will separate from the nozzle, and it will be very difficult to remove it.
6. Also move the substance slowly to avoid the appearance of infiltration.
7. Remove the needle with a quick movement and massage the injection site with an alcohol wipe.

More likely, you will need the help of a person who will hold the dog. Trying to inject yourself alone can lead to serious problems.

Observe the dog for 30 minutes; if poisoned, the pet begins to breathe rapidly, sticks out its tongue, and moves little.

Also observed glass eye effect. In this case, you need to rinse the stomach with a glucose solution and an isotonic mixture (sodium chloride solution). Increased diuresis (urination) of the dog will indicate that excess substances are being eliminated from the body.

What does it get rid of?

Allergic manifestations:

• Scabies;
• Rash;
• Swelling;
• Sneezing and coughing.

In some special cases, veterinarians prescribe it in small doses, such as depressant, combining it with acetylcholine blockers.

Who is not eligible for treatment?

• Some special breeds are more sensitive to the drug than others. Just in case, consult your veterinarian. A powerful sedative effect (drowsiness, amorphous state) may be observed.
• The molting period may be delayed, since histamine is an antagonist CCFM (corticomodulatory catabolic metabolic factor), which, through a feedback mechanism, affects receptors in the hair follicles.
• Disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system.

Can I give it for allergies?

Dogs, just like people, are mammals, and the processes that take place in our bodies are just as similar. The only differentiating factor is Excipients, such as lactose, starch, cellulose, etc. Therefore, the dose of tablets for dogs should be less, and as for injections, the difference in dose is minimal.

For puppies

For growing individuals, you need to carefully select the dosage and frequency of use. Otherwise, everything is the same as in adult animals.

Pregnant or nursing dogs

For pregnant and lactating dogs, the appointment time should be selected. The sedative effect will be more pronounced than in normal individuals. It is better to take the drug after feeding the cubs.

Peculiarities

If the dog does not swallow the tablet, hide it inside some kind of treat (she should not see it), if this does not help, then you will have to give an injection.

REFERENCE! According to statistics, 23% of all human waste consists of medications and their derivatives. Every day, homeless animals consume up to 40 tons of medicines from garbage cans and trash cans.

Analogs

You can also use the following drugs:

• Diazolin 78 rub.
• Claritin 165 rub.
• Loratadine 63 rub.
• Tavegil 130 rub.
• Cetrin 170 rub.

The tablets may be bitter, so It’s better to dilute with milk and add a little sugar. It is better to take before meals, no later than half an hour.

Conclusion

Every owner of a dog who has at least once suffered from allergies must remember that now its task is to protect the pet from all irritants and pathogens so that you don't have to experience all these discomfort again.

For example, if an allergy is caused by low-quality cheap food, you need to replace it with anti-allergenic food or premium food. Sometimes you can add it to your dog's food. absorbents - Activated carbon, enterosgel to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Limit your pet's contact with unvaccinated, wild dogs, insects. Check for ticks and fleas.

Also, for prevention purposes, visit the vet several times a year. It is important to understand that a dog’s body is as complex in structure as your own, and treatment should only be trusted to professionals in order to avoid problems in the future.

In contact with

The drug suprastin, otherwise called chloropyramine, is an antihistamine. But not everyone knows that it helps stop attacks various forms allergies not only in humans, but also in cats and dogs.

Suprastin is classified as a first generation medicine, and therefore this drug considered somewhat outdated. True, this does not prevent the active use of the above remedy in modern veterinary practice.

Compound

In addition to the main active ingredient, in this case it is chloropyramine hydrochloride, suprastin contains several excipients.

• Potato starch.
• Talc.
• Gelatin.
• Lactose.

In most cases, the above components cannot have a significant effect on the dog’s body. However, intolerance to a certain element can cause an even worse allergic reaction.

For what ailments is it prescribed?

Suprastin for dogs is most often attributed to:

1. Before vaccinations, which can often cause allergies in your pet.
2. For seasonal hay fever.
3. To relieve asthma attacks.
4. For Quincke's edema.
5. For conjunctivitis due to allergies.
6. If your pet has an itchy rash from bee bites, fleas, other insects, or other allergens ( pollen, dandruff, chemicals, modern detergents, food products).

Effect of the drug

Suprastin for dogs is available in the form of injections and tablets.

An injection given to the withers or hind limb of a four-legged friend will begin to have an effect after 5-10 minutes. However, the effect of the injection will last only for 3 hours.

The suprastin tablet will take effect only half an hour after taking it. However, her pharmachologic effect can last up to 12 hours.

To achieve a lasting effect of treatment with the above-mentioned antihistamine, veterinary allergists will first give an injection, and later prescribe taking the tablet form of the medicine at certain intervals.

It is common knowledge that there are no medications that cure allergies. There are only medications that help alleviate the condition of four-legged patients during an attack. Such drugs include suprastin, which:

1. Blocks the production of histamine.
2. Relieves itching and spasms.
3. Has a sedative effect.

Dosage of various forms of the drug

Suprastin for dogs is considered one of those drugs that is better not to be given to a four-legged patient than to be given, so the question of dosage is of particular importance.

In tablets

Recommended dose of this medicine per day - no more than 2 mg per 1 kg of dog weight. So to animals small breeds A maximum of ½ tablet should be given, medium-sized dogs should be given one, and large pets should be given 1½ to 2 tablets.

In ampoules

For intramuscular injections The same principle of animal size applies: for babies (from one month old) a dose of ½ mg is permissible, for medium and large pets 1 and 2 mg, respectively.

Veterinarians advise treating four-legged friends of small breeds with drugs of 2 and 3 generations.

Average and large dogs You can safely give suprastin if these pets do not have serious chronic illnesses or physiological problems. You should be extremely careful when treating elderly pets, as well as pregnant animals, with this drug.

If a negative response occurs during a one-time dose of suprastin, immediately contact your doctor to correct the treatment.

Veterinary allergists understand the importance correct selection for a dog an antihistamine, so that the treatment brings benefit to the animal and does not harm. For this purpose, all the individual characteristics of each individual individual are taken into account. Therefore, the treatment of each individual pet will be exclusively individual.

Overdose

An overdose of suprastin is fraught with serious disruptions in the functioning of many organs and organ systems of the dog. Therefore, you should carefully monitor four-legged friend after taking this medicine.

Signs of overdose.

• Irritability.
• Excessive anxiety.
• Dry mouth.
• Loss of coordination.
• Enlarged and fixed pupils.
• Cramps.

If most of the above signs appear, the dog should be given a sorbent, or its stomach should be rinsed with an isotenic solution of sodium chloride, and then be sure to call the veterinarian.

Side effects

Chloropyramine hydrochloride passes through the dog's intestines, after which it is absorbed by all tissues and organs of the pet, including its brain. Therefore, the reaction of your “ball” or “tush” after taking an antihistamine may be as follows.

1. Disobedience.
2. Lethargy and drowsiness.
3. General lethargy.

The renal system is responsible for removing medications from the body. Therefore, if your pet has diseased kidneys, then suprastin for dogs should be given especially carefully, monitoring general state four-legged patient.\

Unfortunately, pets are susceptible to many diseases, including allergies. This disease occurs quite often, and antihistamines will help to cope with it.

Allergies are not noticed immediately because general symptom for all types of similar reactions - inflammation and redness of the skin, which is not easy to detect under the fur. The pet itself will not tell you about the itching, which also accompanies any allergy.

To detect the disease at an early stage, periodic preventive examination pet. Choosing the right antihistamines for dogs is only possible with careful analysis. causes and types of allergies.

Varieties and pathogens

May provoke an allergic reaction a large number of factors.

The following are distinguished: types of allergies:

• food;
• cutaneous;
• against pests;
• infectious.

1. Food allergies

Provokes the development of a reaction:

• poultry, beef;
• yeast;
• eggs;
• fish;
• soy products;
• vegetables and fruits with scarlet interior;
• wheat;
• dairy food;
• corn;
• vegetable oils and fish oil.

Attention! Allergens are also foods that are strictly prohibited from feeding a dog in principle: fried foods, smoked meats, spices, salt, sugar and chocolate.

Food allergies

Food allergies

Signs of food allergies:

• severe itching (the animal scratches areas of the body for a long time and furiously);
• redness, roughness and poor moisture of the skin;
• a pungent odor from the dog itself and from the open mouth (sometimes sores and sores can be seen on the gums and lips);
• sweating that is not normal healthy dog(wet areas are found on the body);
• loss of clumps of hair and the appearance of baldness - bare areas (however, hair loss may indicate the presence of more serious diseases);
• white particles all over the body - dandruff - a clear sign;
• discharge from the ears (the pet shakes its head, scratches its ears);
• tearfulness.

2. Skin allergies

This type of disease occurs as a result of an atypical reaction of the dog’s immune system to external irritants and substances ingested.

Mostly factors contributing to the development allergic dermatitis, are:

• dust;
• synthetic fabrics (clothing, carpets);
• the fur of other pets or your own;
• medicines;
• household products or cosmetics;
• shampoo, soap;
• pollen.

The pet's body may react to the following groups of drugs: serums, vitamin B and its variations, amidopyrine, novocaine, antibiotics, barbiturates, sulfonamides. Some medications contain pollen, which can cause allergies.

Attention! A drug allergy will not reveal itself the first time it is used; it will occur when it enters the body again.

Sometimes after bathing with shampoo, your pet will show signs of allergic dermatitis. If allergies develop after using regular dog shampoos, you should use hypoallergenic ones.

Important! You cannot bathe an animal using human care products.

A reaction to powder products occurs if the bedding is washed using them. Often your pet reacts to the odors of household chemicals, which causes swelling of the eyes and oral cavity. When external interaction with irritants occurs, itching and irritation appear.

Skin allergies

Basically, the symptoms of allergy varieties are similar, but manifestations of reaction to skin have their own characteristic features:

• itching of a certain part of the body (for example, the dog scratches its ears or belly intensely);
• a lot of dandruff;
• disappearance of itching only as a result of the use of antihistamines.

When a reaction to a drug occurs, intestinal dysfunction occurs, difficult situations- swelling of the mucous membranes of the tongue, larynx and suffocation, anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema. If a dog's body overreacts to a drug, a severe, overt, life-threatening allergy may develop that requires immediate medical attention.

3. Allergies to pests

After bites from ticks, mosquitoes, and bees, foreign proteins appear in the dog’s body, causing an allergic reaction. Rashes develop, itching appears and hair loss occurs. Symptoms may long time cause discomfort to the animal.

4. Infectious allergies

The body reacts to fungi, viruses, bacteria and helminths. and they were told earlier.

Antihistamines for small breed and adult dogs

Diazolin

Antihistamines are used to relieve allergy attacks. Second- and third-generation medications, as well as the first-generation drug Diazolin, are optimal antihistamines for small breed dogs, for example. They will reduce the possibility of development side effects, representing a violation of urination, changes in heart function and the appearance of anxiety.

Attention! Medicines of the second and third generation are more advanced compared to the first and are considered relatively safe drugs, are used for a long time.

Suprastin

Antihistamines for dogs - the list for adults is headed by “Suprastin”, which stops the development of symptoms.

Products originally intended for people are also used: "Diphenhydramine", "Tavegil" and others. When affecting an animal, antihistamines for dogs do not always produce the desired effect, sometimes they cause side effects, therefore It is highly advisable to seek advice from a veterinarian.

Antihistamines for dogs: the dosage depends on the weight of the pet and is calculated per kilogram.

Important! Under no circumstances should you treat yourself without seeking help from a veterinarian!

Only a doctor determines the type of disease and prescribes medications. Self-medication can lead to dire consequences.

How to use the drugs?

Define suitable drug for treatment based on the purpose of use, weight of the animal, breed, health status and developed signs. Testing for effectiveness is carried out over two weeks. If there is no improvement during this time, another drug is prescribed.

Attention! A dosage that can relieve allergies is prescribed by a veterinarian.

If any health problems arise, conscientious owners contact a veterinarian to find out the exact cause of the disease and proper treatment. Allergies are no exception.

Additionally, watch the video about the manifestation and treatment of allergies in dogs:

Suprastin (chloropyramine) is one of the most popular first-generation anti-allergy drugs in Russia. The medication effectively relieves itching, relieves spasms and swelling, and soothes.

Use in veterinary medicine

Suprastin treats not only people, but also animals. It is quickly absorbed in the intestine, therefore it is one of the most effective means from allergies.

When to use

Allergic attacks in animals are much more severe than in humans. If a person “gets off” with swelling of the mucous membrane, runny nose and sneezing, then pets’ paws will also swell. The dog constantly licks its limbs and scratches its skin, which leads to ulcers and non-healing dermatitis. For some breeds, an attack can be fatal.

Your dog may have an allergy if the following signs are observed:

• skin redness;
• lacrimation;
• eczema of the outer ear;
• cough;
• nasal discharge;
• swelling;
• abnormal sweating;
• rashes in the armpits and on the stomach;
• unpleasant smell of wool;
• swelling of the limbs;
• hair loss;
• vomit;
• diarrhea.

Household odors cause irritation chemicals, aerosols or perfumes. An attack is also possible when changing food, or being stung by a bee or mosquito. Giving Suprastin to a dog with allergies is necessary to quickly relieve the attack.

Veterinarians also prescribe this antihistamine in the following cases:

1. Before deworming (especially breeds prone to drug intolerance).
2. Before scheduled vaccinations and during drug therapy(to exclude anaphylactic shock).
3. To relieve symptoms of neurodermatitis.
4. For bronchial asthma.
5. From seasonal hay fever.
6. To eliminate Quincke's edema.
7. In case of motion sickness on trains.
8. Pregnant dogs with nausea.
9. With motor excitement (suprastin has a slight sedative effect).

Characteristics of the drug

Suprastin is available in the form of tablets and ampoules (in the form of an injection solution). The main component is chloropyramine hydrochloride. The content in one tablet is 25 mg, in 1 ml of solution – 20 mg.

In addition to the main element, the ampoules contain water for injection. The tablet form includes excipients such as gelatin, stearic acid, starch, talc and lactose.

The medication is quickly absorbed by the intestines. The maximum concentration of the main substance in the blood is reached two hours after application. Chloropyramine hydrochloride penetrates into all organs, including the brain. The animal may experience a state of drowsiness and lethargy.

Which form is preferable?

If the dog's condition is quite tolerable, tablets are usually prescribed. Relief occurs after 30 minutes, the effect lasts up to half a day.

If the allergic attack is acute and develops quickly, it is better to resort to injection. The injection is usually given in hind paw or at the withers. The drug begins to act after 10 minutes, but the effect is shorter - up to 3 hours.

Suprastin is given to dogs during or after meals. Veterinarians usually combine both forms: they give an injection, and after some time they prescribe tablets. So the effect of the drug lasts for a day.

Dosage

According to instructions, daily norm for dogs in tablets – 2 mg per kilogram of weight. The dose must be divided into three doses.

Dose intramuscular injection calculated according to the same principle:

• small breeds – 0.5 ml;
• medium – 1 ml;
• large – 2 ml.

If the dog's weight is unknown and there is no way to find out, don't take the risk. It is better to reduce the dosage to avoid complications and unpleasant consequences.

Suprastin injection is carried out as follows:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly.
2. The medicine should not be cold.
3. Draw the substance into the syringe and remove all bubbles.
4. Hold your pet during the procedure so that he does not jerk during the injection.
5. Slowly inject the solution intramuscularly.
6. Karlikov Suitable for breeds insulin syringe.

It is almost impossible to give an injection yourself. If you are not confident in your abilities and you do not have an assistant, it is better to use the tablet form of the drug. Suprastin works well to stop an allergy attack. If the symptoms disappear after a single dose, there is no need to continue treatment. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease. It is better to consult a veterinarian about this.

Puppies and toy breeds

The bioavailability of suprastin in dogs is much lower than in humans, so there is less risk of side effects. Still, the medication can be quite difficult for dwarf pets to take. Veterinarians recommend second or third generation antihistamines for such dogs.

Puppies are given medicine only from the 30th day of life. The dosage is the same as for small breeds. If your dog is prone to allergies, it is better to consult a veterinarian before taking Suprastin.

Pregnancy and lactation

Suprastin for dogs, pregnant or lactating, does not cause harm. But the dosage in this case should be minimal - 0.5 tablets. Each breed has its own characteristics. Therefore, consult your veterinarian before starting treatment.

For dogs with allergies, it is better to look for analogues.

Elderly age

It is better for elderly pets to abstain from suprastin, because old age dogs is one of the contraindications for taking this drug. If the body is weakened, the risk of side effects becomes higher. It's better to look for analogues.

Possible complications

Suprastin is quite effective when you need to quickly remove allergic symptoms. For the most part, the medicine is harmless and easily tolerated. But sometimes there may be unwanted side effects: anxiety, strange behavior and heart problems. The risk of complications is higher if the dog’s body is weakened due to age or due to illness. In rare cases, a first-generation antihistamine may itself provoke new allergic reactions. In this case, treatment should be stopped immediately. After a while the condition returns to normal.

Overdose

If suprastin is chosen to treat a dog, follow the dosage. Exceeding it increases the risk of negative reactions.

Signs of overdose:

• excessive physical activity;
• lack of coordination (it is difficult for the dog to stand on its paws);
• convulsions;
• dilated pupils;
• dry mouth;
• problems with urination;
• increased anxiety.

In such cases, it is necessary to perform a gastric lavage or give the pet a sorbent.

Contraindications

Suprastin is recognized enough safe medicine. The main contraindications include:

• puppy age (up to 1 month);
• kidney disease (since it is this organ that removes the drug from the body);
• advanced age of the pet.

The medication is addictive, so long-term use is not recommended.

Analogs

There are four generations of antihistamines medicines. Depending on the dog's age, size, and health, your veterinarian may prescribe any of these.

First generation

These medications are easily absorbed and quickly relieve symptoms. Their action is relatively short-lived. Depending on the form of administration, the effect ends after 3-8 hours. Side effects include lethargy, drowsiness, and addiction. This group, along with suprastin, includes diphenhydramine, as well as the drugs Tavegil and Bravegil.

Second generation

The effect of the drugs is no longer as fast, but longer lasting. You can take one tablet per day. The effect lasts for another week after the end of treatment. Antihistamines in this group do not have the side effects of first-generation drugs: they do not cause drowsiness or addiction. However, they also negatively affect the contractile function of the heart muscle. These include: Zyrtec, Claritin, Lomilan.

Third and fourth generation

These medications have all the advantages of the previous group, but do not affect cardiovascular system. They can even treat elderly dogs. These are “Telfast”, “Trexil”, “Gismanal”.

Corticosteroids

Hormonal medications quickly and powerfully stop an allergic attack. They suppress a number of inflammatory factors: histamine, cytokines, serotonin. The animal's swelling subsides, itching and redness of the skin disappear. This group of drugs is recommended for the treatment of severe and protracted forms of allergies.

But there are a number of side effects: an increase in blood sugar levels, an effect on the hormonal system, suppression of the immune system, and increased susceptibility to various infectious diseases.

Treatment with these drugs must be approached wisely and used only on the recommendation of a veterinarian. Corticosteroids include hydrocortisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone.

Other methods

Calcium chloride is a good remedy for allergies. To prevent the dog from being put off by the bitter taste, the medicine is diluted with milk and sugar is added. A bath or decoction from the string will help relieve itching. Areas of scratching and redness can be wiped with a swab.

Hydrocortisone spray is also effective. It can be prepared at home. To do this, add 4 ampoules of hydrocortisone, 3 tablespoons of alcohol and 2 tablespoons of glycerin to 350 ml of boiled, cooled water.