Microsporia in humans: photo, signs, initial stage, treatment and drugs. Microsporia in children - the causative agent, manifestations on the scalp or skin, treatment and prevention of Microsporia first signs

Microsporia in children is an extremely contagious disease: if in kindergarten a case of disease is recorded, the room is subject to mandatory disinfection. It is important to observe the same measures at home - the room where the child lives must be kept perfectly clean, his personal belongings and toys are subjected to additional processing, if there are animals in the house, they without fail should be examined by a veterinarian.

Causes and symptoms of microsporia in children

microsporia is a fungal disease that affects smooth skin, and the skin of the scalp; in rare cases, the nails are affected. The disease is highly contagious for children.

Microsporia develops when a fungus called "microsporum" gets on the skin. The source of the spread of this fungus is a person who has become ill with microsporia or domestic animals (cats, dogs). Infection can also occur through objects used by the sick person.

The general condition of the child does not suffer. The first symptoms of microsporia in children are the appearance on smooth skin, on the skin of the scalp correct form rounded or oval, pinkish rings or ridges rising above the surface of the skin. Between themselves, these rings usually do not merge. Grayish bran-like scales are visible on the surface of the ridges. Hair in the foci of microsporia break off at a height of 4-5 mm from the skin surface.

As can be seen in the photo, with microsporia in children, the hairs affected by the fungus may look like they are lightly sprinkled with flour:

In other cases, a light scale is found at the base of the hair, which is figuratively called a cuff. The phenomena of inflammation are insignificant. There is itching in the foci of microsporia.

Measures to prevent microsporia in children

Various measures are taken to prevent the spread of microsporia. The main measures for the prevention of microsporia in children are teaching the baby how to properly communicate with animals: the child must know that such contacts can be unsafe. After a child has stroked a cat or dog, he should wash his hands. It is unacceptable to use other people's items - such as a comb, handkerchief, etc. You can't wear someone else's clothes.

If the child has characteristic symptoms, at the time of treatment of microsporia, he should be isolated from others. From the room intended for the patient with microsporia, all items that are not subject to disinfection should be taken out - carpets, paths, rugs, rag toys. All pets with which the child could come into contact are examined veterinarian primarily cats and dogs. All items used by a sick child and which are necessary for caring for him are stored separately and must be disinfected after use; these are scissors, combs, brushes, dishes, etc. The sick person's dirty linen (both underwear and bedding) is stored separately from the linen of other family members; separately, this linen is boiled, washed and ironed. In those rooms where there used to be a sick child (for example, in a kindergarten), disinfection is carried out.

How to treat microsporia in children: folk methods

How to treat microsporia in children - a doctor prescribes. There are also folk remedies for the treatment of microscopy, the most effective of them are listed below.

Apply wipes moistened to the lesions fresh juice onion.
Lubricate the lesions with tincture of common lilac flowers; preparation of tincture: pour 2 tablespoons of dried flowers into 100 ml of 70% alcohol and leave for several days, strain.
At folk treatment microsporia can be washed several times a day with a decoction of celandine herb; preparation of a decoction: pour 1 tablespoon of dry grass with a glass of water and boil over low heat for 10-12 minutes, cool, strain; alternate with other means.
Another effective folk method of treating a disease is to lubricate the affected areas with propolis oil; preparation of the product: chop 15-20 g of propolis with a knife, pour 50 g of any vegetable oil and heat in a water bath or in the oven until the oil boils, stirring occasionally, let the oil boil 2-3 times; wax will settle to the bottom of the dish, and propolis will dissolve in oil; when the cooked oil has cooled, it must be carefully drained from the sediment.

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Microsporia - a disease that has another name - ringworm - is fungal in nature and affects the hair, and sometimes the skin and nails.

Several foci of ringworm on the head

Microsporia is very common and is observed mostly in children. Adults rarely get ringworm.

General information about the disease

Microsporia is dermatological disease from the group of mycoses caused by the fungus Microsporum. Its manifestations can occur both on the hairy and on the hairless part. skin.

After penetration into the skin, Microsporum forms colonies in the hair follicles. In some cases, quite rarely, foci of microsporia also occur on hairless areas - palms, soles or nails.

Ringworm at the cat. Pets can become a source of infection!

This disease is highly contagious, the source of infection are sick animals.. Microsporia occurs in: rabbits, cats, dogs, horses, goats, pigs, sheep, foxes, arctic foxes.

You can become infected by direct contact with sick animals and if wool with scales gets on human skin along with food, care items, through bedding and other equipment.

It should be noted that in animals the disease can be latent, when it is possible to detect lesions only by using a fluorescent lamp. Only sometimes on the paws, head, tail, foci covered with protruding fragments of wool and scales can be seen.

You can get infected with microsporia even in a hairdresser

The fungus is transmitted from person to person, and infection can occur even after contact with untreated garments of someone who was sick some time ago.

This is due to the fact that the microsporia fungus has a six-layer shell, as well as ribs in the form of cobwebs, which increase its stability and maintain viability during external environment(outside the animal or human body) up to three months.

Species spectrum of pathogens

Ringworm, or microsporia, is caused by fungi of several varieties - some of them can only infect humans, while others can infect both animals and humans.

The colonies of these pathogens are characterized by a yellowish-pink color, round shape, they are fluffy and may have bumps in the center.

In 80% of cases, they are the cause of microsporia.

Other types of pathogens

M. audouinii and M. Ferrugineum - anthropophilic microsporums, as well as M. gypseum, M. boullardii, M. nanum, M. fulvum, M. simii - geophilic microsporums, are a less common cause of human infection.

Mushrooms, falling on the part of the head covered with hair, cause purulent inflammatory process ending after eight weeks with moderate scarring.

Geophiles are transmitted by contact with soil contaminated with fungi, provided that it is processed with bare hands, causing the so-called. microsporia of gardeners.

Symptoms

The classic form of ringworm of the scalp often occurs at the age of 5-12 years. Adults get ringworm much less often, as their hair has fatty acid that prevent the pathogen from multiplying.

Microsporia on the back of the head in a boy

An interesting fact is that red-haired people also practically do not become infected with microsporia.

peeling skin

A few days after infection, one or two large foci of peeling appear in the area of infection, the diameter of which can be 2-5 cm.

Typically, the lesions are round or oval in shape and have well-defined borders.

The most common locations are:

whiskey,
crown,
crown.

Round lesions with broken hairs

Area with broken hair on the head

As the fungus multiplies, it penetrates deeper and deeper into the mouths of the hair follicles, after a week capturing the hair itself, making them brittle and brittle.

As a result, foci appear with broken hairs, or "stumps" of hair, the length of which from the root is about 5 mm.

Each of these "stumps" is shrouded in fungal spores, so the hearth looks like a dull spot.

When running through the hair with your hand, they remain rejected (that is, they do not take their original position). The skin in the focus is reddish and edematous, covered with small gray-white scales.

Large foci often have several small rounded screenings with a diameter of 10 to 20 mm.

The suppurative form can develop with a long absence of appropriate treatment, when, in addition to the above symptoms, the lesion is covered with abscesses.

Diagnostics

Microsporia should be diagnosed by a dermatologist. In order to confirm the diagnosis, one of the types of research is used - fluorescent, cultural or microscopic.

Luminescent method

Wood's lamp (UV)

The luminescent research method is based on the detection of a green glow of microsporum-affected hair during examination with a Wood's lamp. So far, the reason for this phenomenon has not been identified.

Luminescent research is carried out in a darkened room. Before the procedure, it is necessary to clean the foci of infection from ointment, crusts and other things.

Examination of fresh, recently appeared foci may not give a glow due to insufficient hair damage.

In such cases, the hair must be removed from the intended area of introduction of the fungus - then the glow can be seen in their basal part. The death of the fungus does not eliminate the glow.

Greenish glow of lichen under UV light

Luminescent research is used for the purpose of:

pathogen definitions;
detection of affected hair;
evaluation of therapeutic results;
control over persons who had contact with patients;
determining the presence or carriage of infection in animals.

Microscopic method

Human hair under a microscope

Microscopic examination is used to identify the fungal etiology of the disease - while examining fragments of hair taken from the scalp.

In the course of the study on the affected hair, it is possible to identify a large number of small disputes.

Cultural method

Cultural research consists in the diagnosis carried out during positive results luminescent and microscopic studies, and is carried out in order to identify the pathogen fungus.

Cultural method: the hair is placed in a nutrient medium

This technique allows you to determine the type of pathogen for the appropriate treatment of the disease.

For this, the hair is placed on a nutrient medium. Microsporum colonies begin to grow 3-4 days after sowing.

Treatment

With early recognition of microsporia and the appointment full treatment increases the likelihood of a speedy recovery. The main direction of treatment of the disease in humans is the destruction of the fungus.

General

It is necessary to monitor the intake of vitamins in the body - to provide a variety of good nutrition and the intake of a complex of vitamins and minerals to strengthen immunity and speed up the healing process.

Additionally:

At ringworm should be done once a week shave off hair, stepping back from the edge by 5-10 mm, which will provide access to the infected area of \u200b\u200bthe skin.
It is also necessary observe basic hygiene rules- regardless of the localization area, it is necessary to wash the skin around the lichen several times a day in order to remove dirt.
Should avoid hypothermia of the skin and out of direct sunlight.
The patient must restrict physical exercise , since the effect of sweat on the affected area is undesirable. It is not recommended to take a bath - during the illness it is better to limit yourself to a shower.

The patient should use a personal washcloth, towel (which must be changed every few days), and a comb.

Family members and persons in close contact with the patient should undergo a preventive examination.

Systems approach

Terbinafine tablets

Complete disposal of the pathogen fungus involves a systematic approach to treatment.

The use of only folk remedies or only local therapy with antifungal agents does not give satisfactory results.

During treatment, the patient must regularly visit a doctor to assess the effectiveness of the prescribed antimycotic therapy.

The main drugs used for systemic treatment of ringworm are:

Griseofulvin.

The dosage of these drugs is selected according to the age and body weight of the patient, the duration is determined by the severity of the disease.

As preparations of local action, ointments, creams or sprays are used:

miconazole,

Available and inexpensive medicines are also relevant, such as:

sulfuric salicylic ointment,
alcohol solution iodine.

Review of antifungal ointments for skin

Clotrimazole ointment

There are a large number of ointments that have similar action. They cleanse the skin, prevent the development of microorganisms, promote rapid skin regeneration and have an antifungal effect.

These are drugs for regular use that penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin.

(analogue - Lamisil) - the best drug for the treatment of microsporia in terms of efficacy, non-toxicity and cost. It is inexpensive and effective tool used against ringworm.
- non-toxic, but not the most effective ointment in the treatment of microsporia. The drug is optimal for the treatment of ringworm in pregnant women and children under 3 years of age;
Ketoconazole- characterized by high efficiency, but also high toxicity;
Bifonazole and Isoconazole- give a high probability of an allergic reaction;
Sulfur-tar, sulfur-salicylic, Sulfuric ointment and iodine solution- are used in the treatment of ringworm in combination with antimycotic agents for external use;
Combined funds(Mikozolon, Triderm, Travocort) containing corticosteroids - their use is advisable only when purulent form microsporia. It must be taken into account that hormonal ointments in case of prolonged use provoke skin atrophy.

ethnoscience

There are many means traditional medicine for the treatment of ringworm.

Most of the methods are used only as an adjunctive therapy, so a visit to the doctor should be in the first place.

Main folk ways disease control are:

garlic juice: Cut a clove of garlic lengthwise and rub it on the affected area of the skin. This procedure must be performed once a day ( better in the morning), and during the day it is recommended to lubricate the lichen with plantain or birch charcoal.
garlic vinegar: widely used in the treatment of many skin diseases. Prepared from several cloves of garlic, chopped and filled with half a liter apple cider vinegar. This mixture is infused for 1-2 weeks, shaking occasionally. Strengthen healing effect will help a small amount of camphor oil(a few drops) added before use. Garlic vinegar rub the lesions.
japanese sophora : from 50 g of flowers or fruits of Sophora, an alcohol tincture is made for 500 ml of vodka. After insisting for 20-25 days, the agent is filtered and consumed orally - 1 tablespoon daily.
Sea fish broth ointment: 400 ml of rich fish broth, 100 g of butter and gruel prepared from several cloves of garlic - mix everything and gently apply to the affected area. The procedure is repeated two or three times a day, leaving the compress for 30-50 minutes.

The presence of garlic in each recipe is justified by the high content of substances in it that have a beneficial effect on the biochemical processes in the skin. In addition, garlic is characterized by disinfectant properties.

Features of the treatment of microsporia in children

Microsporia in children is treated according to methods similar to those for adults. However, it should be noted that the optimal drug for internal use is Lamisil (Terbinafine, Terbizil).

Griseofulvin and Itraconazole are not recommended for use in children due to their toxicity.

It is best to treat the affected areas externally with Clotrimazole or Lamisil.

Prevention

In order to prevent infection, it is necessary to limit contact with animals or with a person suffering from ringworm. Since children often find it difficult to fulfill this requirement on their own, they are usually admitted to a hospital.

Additionally:

The patient's belongings and household items are subject to mandatory disinfection.
An examination of contacts is required.
Examination of domestic animals that could be the cause of the spread of the disease is carried out.

08.02.2017

Microsporia is a fungal disease that affects the skin. In another way, it is called "ringworm". The fungus can affect various parts of the body: the scalp, hands, feet, in rare cases, eyelashes can be affected (rounded foci appear and the eyelashes begin to fall out). Ringworm can be contracted through close contact with a sick person or animal.

Often infection occurs through a comb, towel, bed sheets, personal hygiene items and headgear. More often, microsporia occurs in children and adults with weak immunity, as well as in those who have a lot of abrasions and scratches on the body. Treatment of microsporia is a long process and requires patience. If you do not start treatment and consult a doctor in time, then you can get rid of the fungus in two months.

This fungus can affect not only the skin, but also nails and hair. The lesions themselves look like swollen, rounded spots with clear boundaries. It happens that the spots begin to peel off and if you scratch hard, a bloody crust appears.

If you look closely, you can see at the level of the skin (in the area of spots) hairs with broken ends and scales, this indicates that the inflammatory process has already begun in the body. Such scales can be small and pale red, or they can become inflamed, swollen, and if pressed on, pus can be released. Glands that are close to the lesions are also enlarged. Basically, such plaques can be seen in the back of the head and anywhere with hairline.

In males, microsporia occurs 5 times more often than in females.

In medicine, there are several main causes of fungal infection:

weak immunity or puberty;
as a result of damage to the stratum corneum of the epidermis;
constant contact with patients with microsporia;
changes in the barrier properties of the skin, as a result of metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalance.

ringworm symptoms

It is quite easy to notice ringworm, it all depends on how advanced the disease is.

There are cases when early dates it is difficult to notice it, but knowledge of the main signs will help you.

Certain areas of the skin become very itchy.
You can notice small bumps in the area of the eyes and ears.
In the future, these tubercles gradually develop into noticeable red spots.
Then the spots become covered with a crust, in severe form it can secrete pus.
In the affected areas, hair breaks off and falls out.
Spots from small ones turn into large ones, they can unite with each other or move to other areas.

Even small spots have a swollen appearance. They have a clear border in the form of nodules, vesicles and a thin crust. The center of the spot is rough and scaly, in rare cases bruising is observed. They can be on the head, this is due to the fact that scattered fungal plaques covered with skin scales begin to form in the hairline. The hair itself begins to break off, but basically does not fall out.

It is these symptoms that will help you notice microsporia in time.

Classic treatment for ringworm

In medicine, there is a certain method of treatment this disease worked out over the years. To do this, experts:

to begin with, hair is removed from all areas affected by the fungus;
then treat the affected area alcohol tincture iodine. This procedure is performed every day in the morning;
in the evening lubricate with an ointment with antifungal action.

If you notice the first symptoms of ringworm in a child, then treatment should begin immediately. self-treat the disease folk remedies, by no means impossible. Only after the doctor makes a final diagnosis, he will give you recommendations for treatment at home.

the child will not be able to quickly get rid of microsporia, this may take at least 3 weeks.

For the treatment to be effective, keep the apartment clean and give the child antifungal medications. Doctors recommend regularly quartzing the child's personal clothes with an ultraviolet lamp.

Treatment of ringworm with folk remedies at home involves treatment with self-prepared ointments.

Consider some of the most popular ointment recipes:

It is necessary to grind (preferably in a blender) May plantain leaves. Then pass through a sieve, you should get one glass of juice. Then add one tablespoon of birch bark ash and one teaspoon of medical alcohol to it. Mix everything thoroughly and let it brew for several hours. Lubricate the affected areas of the body with the prepared ointment in the morning and in the evening before going to bed. If you responsibly approach this process and lubricate every day, then the result will be noticeable in a week.
It is easy to get rid of itching and at the same time restore the skin, as well as beetroot ointment helps to grow hair. To do this, you need to take one medium beets and boil well until soft. Then you need to peel and rub on a fine grater. how much beets turn out, add the same amount of honey. The resulting mixture must be mixed and put in the refrigerator for 24 hours. Lubricate the lesions three times a day, preferably after bathing.
For women with long hair requires regular antifungal therapy.

Treatment with folk remedies

Trichophytosis will pass quickly and without consequences if cooked and rubbed regularly herbal infusions. The most popular folk remedies:

There are many folk methods for treating ringworm, we have selected popular and proven by experts. These recipes will help to quickly cope with the disease, even a severe form. The main thing is to follow the rules and not skip the procedures. It is better to choose one method and complete the full course than several at once.

You also need to remember that weak immunity is considered the main reason for the appearance of microsporia, so try to strengthen it. You can do this with proper nutrition and in a healthy way life. Avoid foods that cause allergic reactions don't overeat.

Observe correct mode of the day: it is desirable to sleep at least eight hours a day. It is recommended to play sports and spend more time in the fresh air.

Variety fungal disease, which is caused by damage to the skin and hair, as well as the nail plates, is referred to as microsporia. Microsporia is popularly called, which is due characteristic picture symptoms. The main way the disease is spread is through contact with a sick person or animals.

Fungal infection mainly affects children of different age categories, but the disease is most common in newborns and babies under 3 years old. For adults, microsporia is not particularly dangerous, since they practically do not get sick with this type of disease.

This is due to the fact that in adults in the hair and on the skin there are organic compounds which have antifungal activity. Therefore, when an infection enters the hair of an adult, the disease does not have time to be reduced, since self-healing occurs.

Interesting to know! Microsporia in adults is extremely rare, and if it does occur, then among young girls and people who have chronic diseases.

AT recent times The trend of developing microsporia disease among adults is increasing, which is primarily due to the fact that people have reduced immunity against the background of the predominance of neuroendocrine diseases and HIV infection.

A person can become infected with a fungal disease through direct contact with a sick person or pets. Pets become carriers of fungal infections only after contact with stray dogs or cats. The main carriers of the fungus are cats, and dogs in rare cases. fall fungal infections on the fur of animals when they sleep and walk.

Microsporia in humans is a disease accompanied by skin rashes. Another name for the presented disease is ringworm. Cases of infection with microsporia are common, find out its symptoms, methods of control and prevention.

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Home treatment rules

Treatment of microsporia in humans at home is prescribed and carried out under the supervision of a dermatologist. Due to the resistance of pathogens to many medicines, treatment is complex, which allows you to quickly get rid of the disease.

To general principles Treatments include compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, this is especially true if the lichen is located on the epidermis. It is important to clean the skin near the spots to remove accumulated dirt.

You do not need to stay in the water for a long time, so taking a shower is preferable to relaxing in the bath. You should not supercool or, on the contrary, stay in the sun for a long time, you need to moderate physical activity, especially on hot days, you should not allow sweat to fall on the lesions.

When microsporia is localized on the head, an important action is to cut the hair in the area of plaques a centimeter from their edge. This manipulation should be carried out once a week.

Medical treatment

There are 2 fundamental types of treatment - local and systemic, the first of which involves the use of different creams or ointments that are applied to the affected areas.

Local treatment involves the ingestion of drugs against the fungus.

For this purpose, drugs are actively used:

Griseofulvin;
Terbinafine;
Itraconazole;
Fluconazole;
Clotrimazole.

The presented medicines block the growth and reproduction of the fungus, destroy the pathogen. The effectiveness of taking these drugs orally is due to the fact that active substances absorbed by the mucosa gastrointestinal tract and further along the bloodstream "travel" to all organs. This ensures the flow medicinal product into the deep layers of the skin and the destruction of the pathogen.

Means for local application help rid the surface of the skin of particles of dirt, dust, suppress the spread of the pathogen, they increase the regeneration of the skin.

As drugs for local therapy use ointments and creams - bifonazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole. As a disinfectant and antiseptic, a 2% solution of iodine is used. salicylic acid three percent, the first of them is applied in the morning, and the second in the evenings.

How to treat the disease with folk remedies

Main folk methods in the fight against this disease are:

2 teaspoons of birch buds are combined with three hundred milliliters of medical alcohol, the mixture is settled for 2 weeks. It is used as a lotion several times a day.
A clove of garlic is cut and half of the affected areas are smeared, it is better to carry out the procedure in the morning once a day.
Tincture of calendula, which can be purchased at a pharmacy, should be lubricated with lesions about five times a day.
Onion and garlic gruel is applied to the skin 2 or 3 times a day. To prepare it, you need to take an equal amount of onion and garlic and skip in a blender.
Five hundred milliliters of apple cider vinegar is poured into a pair of garlic cloves and defended from one to 2 weeks. Then wipe the lesions several times a day.

Folk remedies are good only at the beginning of the disease, with its progression, drugs cannot be dispensed with. As additional treatment Together with medicines, the above-mentioned methods can also be used.

What characterizes microsporia in humans

Microsporia is common infectious disease, which is provoked by a fungus belonging to the genus Microsporum. Many diseases are explained by the fact that this pathogen is well preserved in environment and on items that can live up to several years. It is observed in significant quantities in animals, on vegetation and in soil.

Microsporia affects both the smooth epidermis and can spread to the scalp.

The presented disease is observed in children, this is due to several fundamental factors.

The fact that the immune system of a child is developed many times worse than that of an adult, and the body easily succumbs to any infection.

Children love to play with outdoor cats or dogs that may have this fungus in their fur.

Microsporia has a distinct seasonal pattern, and a high prevalence is observed in the summer, when animals acquire offspring to which they can transmit the pathogen. And children often lack clear rules of personal hygiene.

Microsporia exists in 2 varieties. In the first case, microsporia is a superficial lesion of the epidermis, which manifests itself in the form of reddish or pinkish plaques with scaly outlines.

The disease is caused by a pathogen that is transmitted from person to person and harms people. The second is a severe form of microsporia, which is caused by pathogens observed in animals.

The reservoir of infection are cats and dogs. With this disease, deep layers of the skin are involved in the lesion process, this is the beginning of the inflammatory process and leads to the formation of purulent infiltrates.

Frequent symptoms will be: rise in temperature, general weakness and malaise, nausea. The first and second types of microsporia are characterized by the appearance of itching, which can sometimes manifest itself to a small extent, and sometimes can have a pronounced intensity.

The root causes of the formation of the disease

Pathological condition develops as a result of contact with the skin of the pathogen. This is observed in contact with infected people, animals or in contact with household items on which a pathogenic fungus may remain.

When the pathogen gets on the skin of a person, it quickly begins to penetrate into the deeper layers and multiply. Due to the fact that children under 10 years of age are sensitive to microsporia, infection of one child is enough to spread the infection throughout the team.

Then they talk about disease outbreaks. Adults are less susceptible to microsporia due to the fact that the pathogenic action of the pathogen is inhibited by fungi of opportunistic microflora, which are located on human skin.

But this does not mean that the risk of infection is completely excluded, except for getting the fungus on the skin, it is important to consider general state immune system, and its ability to repulse the pathogen.

In addition to direct contact with infected people, animals or objects, there are several other aspects that provoke the appearance of the indicated disease:

Severe course of viral or infectious diseases;
Stressful, depressive states that undermine the body's ability to resist external influences;
Injuries, microcracks, cuts and other integrity violations;
During the period of bearing a child;
Excessive humidity in the room;
Non-observance of personal hygiene.

Microsporia transmitted between people can occur at any time of the year. The causative agent of microsporia, which is transmitted from animals, is most active in the warm season, when animals have offspring.

Clinical manifestations of microsporia

Based on localization and clinical manifestations, you can separate several fundamental varieties of microsporia:

Ringworm makes itself felt on the scalp and manifests itself in the form of a plaque that "envelops" the hair shaft. Then the spots become less pronounced and become pale, and the hair on the affected area breaks and falls out. Over time, plaques spread over the entire surface of the head and can merge into a single whole.
Microsporia of a smooth epidermis, similarly to the previous case, begins with a small pink spot, which grows over time. This type of microsporia is localized throughout the body.
Trichophytoid microsporia is observed on the scalp and is accompanied by the appearance of small spots that are localized throughout the head. In these neoplasms, the boundaries are blurred, the skin is prone to peeling, but its color does not change in other cases. The infection progresses slowly and can sometimes progress to chronic form.
Kerion is a special kind of microsporia. The lesion is observed in the deep zones of the skin, an inflammatory process and a purulent infiltrate are formed. A massive lesion zone of bright red color is formed on the skin, which protrudes above its surface. The presented process is accompanied by intoxication, high temperature, swollen lymph nodes.

All variants of microsporia are united by characteristic rashes on the skin, which appear as a reddish or pinkish spot of a rounded shape.

A frequent companion of microsporia is itching, but it is not pronounced. In severe form of microsporia, symptoms can be observed - weakness, muscle pain, drowsiness, fever.

Incubation period and pathogen transmission

Microsporia is transmitted in three main ways:

Contact through direct close contact with an infected person, when talking, coughing, sneezing, or touching characteristic skin rashes sick.
Contact-household way, which is mediated by the use of the same things of a sick and healthy person. When infected, a sick person should have a set of personal belongings, and they should not overlap with objects healthy people.
Through contact with an infected animal. Animal hair is enough, which settles on various household items, especially on soft surfaces, where the microsporia pathogen can remain viable for up to several years.

The disease in its development goes through several consecutive stages:

incubation period;
The height of the disease;
Permission;
Effects.

The incubation period of the disease is four to seven days if the infection occurred from an animal, and from 4 to six weeks when the pathogen entered the body from a sick person. Such a significant time difference is due to the fact that the causative agent of microsporia in animals shows great aggression towards humans.

Throughout incubation period the infected person does not experience any specific symptoms and there are no manifestations that would betray the disease, so the person does not know that he is the source of the infection.

The height of the disease is accompanied by the formation of characteristic spots on the skin, which have a pronounced pink color, delineated borders with little pronounced peeling, oval shape.

In the first couple, they are small in size, during the course of the disease they continue to grow, and can reach several centimeters.

The resolution of the disease is characterized by the gradual disappearance of plaques, which eventually lose their pinkish tint and turn pale, this happens a few weeks after the height of the disease.

The consequences of microsporia directly depend on the depth of the process and its severity, in case severe course scars and scars may form. At mild form no marks remain on the skin.

Video

Laboratory diagnostic methods

Methods laboratory research based on the diagnosis of scrapings from the skin, scaly skin elements, hair fragments. Before turning to the laboratory, the patient is examined by a dermatologist, who, by characteristic manifestations, can reveal the presence of microsporia.

By direct microscopy collected from the patient biological materials. Light microscopes are used to detect signs of fungal infection.
Isolation of a pure culture of the pathogen by growing it on nutrient media. This technique is used to determine the species, and sometimes to establish sensitivity to chemicals, drugs against the fungus.

One of the main methods for detecting the causative agent of microsporia is their ability to fluoresce in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. The ability helps to easily detect different types microsporia without unnecessary research.

A Wood's lamp is used as a source of ultraviolet light. If, under the influence of the lamp, the hair part has a specific green or acid-yellow color, a conclusion is made about the defeat of microsporia.

Among other things, the histological method of research is actively used, which includes a microscope examination of biological materials previously stained with dyes. A similar method detects infection and the severity of the inflammatory process, it is impossible to identify the pathogen.

Effective methods of prevention

Preventive measures used to prevent primary infection or recurrence. The focus is on the isolation of infected people or animals and the complete disinfection of objects with which infected persons have come into contact. While a person is dangerous in terms of transmission of infection, he should not appear in crowded places.

In the case of a childhood illness, it is necessary to avoid visiting kindergartens, schools, circles until the child has fully recovered.

For the purposes of prevention, people who have come into direct contact with a sick person are subject to research. This is done due to the fact that during the incubation period, the sick person could not know that he was the carrier of the infection, the likelihood of infecting others is high.

Other important rules: use of personal hygiene items, elimination of contacts with yard animals.