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If we compare the amount of nutrients in fresh and frozen fruits, we see that the difference in vitamins is not so significant, and the concentration of most minerals even increases. However, the “healthiness” indicators of canned raspberries drop sharply, so there is no need to talk about the health-improving role of raspberry jam.

The amount of useful substances in raspberries is influenced by belonging to a certain variety and growing conditions, but the set of biologically valuable active substances present to one degree or another in all varieties. Of the mineral compounds in raspberries, there is relatively a lot of iron, zinc, copper, an average amount of manganese (up to 210 mg per 100 grams raw product). The seeds contain fatty oil (according to various sources, up to 14-22%) and about 0.7% phytosterol.

Raspberries are also known for their high content of vitamin C, the concentration of which can increase even more as the growing season temperature decreases. On the list organic acids occupies a special place salicylic acid, thanks to which raspberries have numerous medicinal properties that have helped people maintain health since ancient times.

Medicinal properties

One of the key qualities of raspberries is its antioxidant activity. The complex impact of a number of unfavorable factors (from electromagnetic and ultraviolet radiation to radioactive and toxic contamination) leads to an excess of free radicals in the body and oxidation of macromolecules, which upsets the balance of the natural antioxidant system and leads to the destruction of body cells. Foods with high antioxidant activity, such as raspberries, restore this balance.

The main natural antioxidants are flavonoids, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, vitamins C and E, carotenoids, etc. are present in all raspberry varieties, but in different proportions. The highest antioxidant activity among the Eastern European varieties is “Hercules”, “Eurasia”, “Golden Autumn”, “Ruby Necklace”.

Vitamin C is the most important natural antioxidant, but that’s not the only reason it’s important. In the name synthetic analogue– “ascorbic acid” contains a direct indication of the connection between vitamin C deficiency and scurvy (“scorbutus” - Latin for “scurvy”). In addition, this substance is necessary for the normal functioning of connective and bone tissue. In relation to raspberries, this is important because one serving of berries contains approximately 25-35% of the daily intake of vitamin C.

P-active compounds included in the group of substances of phenolic origin, in addition to resisting free radicals, affect the elasticity and permeability of capillaries and promote the elimination of toxins. Manganese, another element in complex protection against the effects of free radicals, is also responsible for protein synthesis as part of enzymes. Magnesium plays an important role in the functioning of the heart muscle and, in general, in the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Vitamin K is essential for normal blood clotting.

These and other beneficial substances create the prerequisites for the manifestation of numerous medicinal properties: bactericidal, diaphoretic, painkillers. The antipyretic effect of eating raw raspberries is relatively weak, but thanks to salicylic acid, it may also be present.

Fresh berries effectively quench thirst and activate digestion. The fruits owe their smell to raspberry ketone, which increases secretion gastric juice, bile, saliva and generally stimulates the appetite. The fruits are often used as a sobering agent.

According to some data, the use of raspberry ellagitannins (esters of ellagic acid and sugars) at a dosage of 40 mg per day can prevent the development of cancer cells, by slowing down their growth or destroying them (at a high concentration of ellagitannins). Ellagic acid also has the property of lowering blood pressure.

Use in medicine

IN State Pharmacopoeia(a collection of standards that determine the quality of medicinal substances) raspberries were included in 1952, but in scientific medicine only a small part of the plant’s potential is directly used. The syrup, created on the basis of raspberry fruits, is included in mixtures as a sweetener. And compounds resulting from biosynthesis salicylic acid, used in ointments and powders in the treatment of skin diseases.

At the same time, raspberries are extremely widely used in folk medicine. Moreover, every corner of the world has its own special traditions of its use.

Use in folk medicine

In ancient times, healers believed that condensed raspberry juice helps to calm bilious heat and get rid of biliary lichen, a paste of ground leaves applied to a skin rash helps with urticaria and rubella, and a decoction of the roots of the bush helps with leprosy. The same decoction, if drunk, was supposed to help with wet ulcers, lichen, and relieve itching and spots on the skin.

Modern folk medicine also uses not only raspberry fruits, but also leaves, flowers, young shoots and roots as raw materials for medicines. Indications for use are various diseases:

Diseases respiratory tract (where raspberries act as a diaphoretic, antipyretic and expectorant). Traditional doctors prescribe raw fruits, tea made from raspberry leaves, and a drink made from brewed raspberry shoots. To prepare this medicine, the cuttings are dried, crushed (ground), and then brewed like tea for about 3 minutes, pouring 1 spoon of powder with 2 glasses of hot water.
Diarrhea, diarrhea, dysentery. For these diseases, a decoction of raspberry branches (1 glass three times a day), an infusion of leaves and branches (as an astringent), and tea from dried berries are recommended.
Skin diseases: inflammation, acne. For treatment, use a warm infusion of raspberry flowers or leaves (in a ratio of one to twenty). A tampon moistened with the prepared liquid is applied to the affected areas three times at intervals of several minutes. The course includes 20 procedures, with the first 10 cycles performed daily, and the remaining 10 every other day. In addition, the treatment uses an ointment made from the juice of the leaves and butter, as well as an infusion of the leaves in olive oil.
Vascular and blood diseases. For inflammation of hemorrhoidal veins, a decoction of raspberry roots or flowers is used. For hemorrhages, use a decoction of the leaves. Also, raspberry leaves in decoctions and infusions are used by folk doctors as an anti-sclerotic agent that improves the condition of blood vessels.
Reproductive disorders. As the main component, raspberries are included in preparations that help men with sexual impotence and women with infertility. East Slavic healers gave women a decoction of raspberry roots or flowers for excessive and unusual discharge from the genitals (leucorrhoea).

In folk medicine, there are certain traditions determined by the specifics of a particular region. Historically, Ukrainian healers used raspberry berries, leaves and flowers for rheumatic pain and fever, Czech healers treated gastrointestinal disorders with raspberries, and Belarusian healers treated colds.

In decoctions, branches and leaves are most often used, less often - flowers and roots of the raspberry bush. Due to its expectorant effect, the resulting remedy is recommended for use in the treatment of cough, bronchitis, laryngitis, asthma, and due to its astringent properties - for diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, and hemorrhoids.

So, for example, to prepare a decoction of raspberry branches, the washed stems are first poured with boiling water and then kept over low heat for about an hour until the water acquires a reddish tint. Use the decoction when cooled. The finished product is not stored for a long time. Even in the refrigerator it is kept for no more than a day.

There is another way to prepare decoctions, when the washed branches or leaves are first boiled (usually about 10 minutes), and then kept in cooling water for another 0.5-1 hour. A similar method is most often used to create a decoction of berries and flowers. In this case, raspberry fruits are taken in the proportion of 30 berries per glass of water, and flowers - 20 grams per glass (200 ml).

Before the advent of hair dyes, a decoction of raspberry leaves with potash was used to dye hair in dark color. Nowadays, in its pure form, this decoction is often used to rinse hair after washing to stimulate growth and strengthen it.

Infusions of raspberry fruits, leaves, flowers and stems are popular in home treatment.

Infusion on berries. 200 grams of dried fruits are infused for half an hour in 0.5 liters of boiling water. It is recommended to drink 2 glasses within 1-2 hours for colds.
Infusion of flowers. 20 grams of flowers are poured with a glass of boiling water (200 ml), left for half an hour and filtered. Take 1 tablespoon of liquid three times a day for colds and cough. The same infusion is prescribed externally for erysipelas and acne.
Infusion of leaves. 4 teaspoons of plant leaves are crushed and poured with 2 cups of boiling water. After straining, take ½ glass 4 times a day as an anti-inflammatory and astringent for gastritis and enteritis.
Infusion of stems. Fresh raspberry stems, either peeled from leaves or directly with leaves, are washed and cut into pieces, after which they are lowered into a jar and filled with vodka in an approximate ratio of 1:5. This alcoholic infusion is prescribed by traditional healers to restore reproductive function.

In oriental medicine

Depending on one or another eastern tradition, doctors “prescribed” the fruits or plant parts of raspberries for different types of diseases:

Traditional Chinese medicine recommended raspberries for eye diseases (redness, inflammation and even blindness), toothache, to remove uric acid and stimulate urination. The leaves of the plant were used as a hemostatic agent, and the fruits were recommended to improve digestion.
In Korean folk recipes, raspberries, along with lemongrass, plantain and dodder seeds, and tribulus flowers, are mentioned as an ingredient in infertility potions. Korean doctors also suggested fighting male impotence with raspberry-based remedies. To do this, the fruits were first soaked in vodka, and then dried over low heat and crushed in a mortar. The resulting powder was taken with water in the morning in a volume approximately corresponding to the volume of a heaped tablespoon.
In Tibetan medicine, acute and chronic diseases were treated with leaves and young shoots of the plant. infectious diseases, neurasthenia, inflammation of peripheral nerves (neuritis). It was believed that raspberries “heal Wind, Heat, and at the same time Wind and Heat.” Raspberries (Kentakari) were used for lung diseases. It was assumed that by its effect on the body it should “bring the infectious heat to maturity.”
In Transcaucasia, flower tincture was used as an antidote for bites of poisonous insects and snakes, and aqueous extract leaves - as a mixture that has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system.
The peoples of the Trans-Baikal region used the fruits, leaves and stems of raspberries to treat nerve diseases.

In scientific research

Today, research on raspberry-based drugs is carried out either on rodents or in vitro - that is, in a test tube, “in glass,” outside a living organism. Scientists are experimenting primarily with two main groups of polyphenols contained in raspberries: ellagitannins (the main breakdown product of which is ellagic acid) and.

The ability of raspberry extracts and its individual purified components to prevent oxidative processes in the body’s cells was tested “in vitro” using various biochemical markers of oxidative stress. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of this approach and the reduction in the level of oxidative stress, which, without therapeutic measures, provokes inflammatory processes in the body and leads to a number of serious illnesses.

In laboratory animals, the effect of raspberry extract on inflammation caused by oxidative stress was tested in several experiments. Thus, in collagen-induced arthritis in rats, raspberry extract (at a rate of 15 mg/kg) significantly slowed down the development of clinical symptoms of the disease, inhibited the intensity of bone tissue destruction, reduced swelling of soft tissues and reduced the rate of appearance of osteophytes (bone growths). In another experimental model, rodents were first induced to develop gastritis and then given ellagitannins. As a result, not only inflammation decreased, but also the body's antioxidant enzymes were activated.

Oxidation also has a destructive effect on the endothelium - a monolayer of cells lining the inner surface of the cavities of the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium does not just “polish” the vessels from the inside. It synthesizes many biologically active substances and exhibits high endocrine activity. Its damage leads to arterial hypertension (high blood pressure syndrome), atherosclerosis and the occurrence of many cardiovascular diseases.

Studies conducted “in vitro” on individual cells have shown that both the berry itself and raspberry extract have a positive effect on the functioning of the endothelium, preventing the risk of developing hypertension and atherosclerosis. In another animal experiment, rats, based on observation results, were divided into 2 groups: the first included healthy rodents with normal pressure, in the second – animals with high blood pressure syndrome. For 5 weeks, rats from both groups were given 100 and 200 mg of raspberry extract, respectively, resulting in a pronounced antihypertensive effect.

Using rodents (hamsters and rabbits), scientists also tested the possibility of inhibiting atherosclerosis using products made from raspberry raw materials. Thus, hamsters were given raspberry juice in their diet for 12 days, which resulted in a decrease in the level of triglycerides (the so-called “bad” fats). It turned out that it was possible to reduce cholesterol levels only with the help of the juice of a certain variety of raspberries. In the study such healing effect was discovered in the variety "Cardinal".

In New Zealand, white rabbits were fed a diet high in fat and cholesterol and then supplemented with ellagic acid (1% of the total diet). By the end of the experiment, the animals had significantly reduced fat levels in their plasma and aorta, and the accumulation of cholesterol in the thoracic aorta slowed down.

For weight loss

Calorie content fresh berries in different sources it is estimated differently, but in most cases it is indicated at the level of 41-42 kcal per 100 g, which classifies raspberries into the group of low-calorie foods. This allows it to be widely used both in designer diets and in the bakery industry in dried form to reduce the energy value of the dough while simultaneously increasing its taste.

Not only ripe fruits, but also those just beginning to ripen, are suitable for preparing raspberry flour. Peeled raspberries are dried in the sun and laid out on sieves in a layer of no more than 3 cm. Then the berries are sent to the oven, where, if properly dried, they become grayish-red in color and do not leave marks on the hands when sorted. Blackened berries are discarded. A sign that the process is being carried out correctly is also the preservation of the raspberry smell.

Dried and sorted berries are ground into flour and added to the dough. Flour products with reduced energy value obtained from such dough are in demand among fat people who are unable to completely give up sweets. At the same time, fiber, minerals, and anti-sclerotic substances are retained in the resulting flour after processing.

Some ongoing research suggests that raspberry ketones increase enzyme activity, speeding up the metabolic process that releases energy. This, in turn, leads to poor fat absorption and may likely contribute to weight loss.

The idea of compensating for the high-calorie components of diets with raspberries was expressed by US nutritionist Elsa Savage. She suggested replacing raspberries or blueberries not only flour products, but also fruits that excessive consumption can easily neutralize the effect of a weight loss program (grapes, bananas, mangoes, etc.).

In cooking

Raspberries are a common component in compotes, jelly, jams and preserves. It is used to make jelly, marshmallows, marmalade, and is widely used as a filling for baked goods and as a filling for desserts.

Raspberries are ideally combined with cottage cheese, cream, milk, and ice cream. But it has taken root well in recipes not only for sweet desserts. Raspberry sauces are used to season meat dishes, and aromatic raspberry vinegar is used to season salads.

Red wine raspberry sauce can be prepared according to the following recipe:

1 Berry (at the rate of ¼ kg) is sorted, separated from the stalks and washed. (To simply remove insects, the fruits are filled with cool water and then the floating insects are collected from the surface).
2 Black peppercorns (5 pcs.) are crushed (coarse grinding is preferred).
3 Raspberries are poured into a saucepan, where 100 grams of sugar and 100 ml of dry red wine are added.
4 Cook the mixture over low heat for about 15 minutes until the sugar is completely dissolved.
5 Chilled raspberries are ground through a sieve, after which ground pepper is added to the sauce.

There are recipes for spicy sauces based on white wine with the addition of lemon zest, red pepper, ginger, cloves, and cinnamon. Recipes for various raspberry liqueurs and vodkas are also widespread in cooking. The berry gives off its taste, smell and color very well to alcohol. To prepare raspberry alcoholic drinks, you usually need to infuse raspberries in vodka or cognac at room temperature for 1-2 weeks. And even frozen berries will do.

In cosmetology

Raspberry is a product that can have a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin both from the inside and outside.

Raspberry berries are part of the anti-aging diet of the famous US dermatologist Nicholas Perricone. His “Face Lift Diet” nutrition system:

on the one hand, it is aimed at combating the effects of free radicals by “neutralizing” them with the help of products containing antioxidants;
on the other hand, to exclude from the diet foods that cause the formation of free radicals.

With a balanced diet, Dr. Perricone fights eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis and early wrinkles.

In domestic conditions to combat acne Fresh raspberry leaves are also used. To do this, they are ground in a mortar until a homogeneous paste is formed, which is applied to problem areas for 15-20 minutes, after which they are washed off with warm water and dried by patting the fingers.

To nourish and cleanse the skin at home, you can make raspberry lotion. When preparing it, mash a tablespoon of berries and pour in 300 g of vodka, allowing the composition to brew for 10 days in a dark place at room temperature. Before use, the lotion is diluted by half or 2/3 with water.

A popular cosmetic ingredient in Lately became raspberry ketone. It is sold in different packages (usually from 5 g to 1 kg) in the form of a white crystalline powder, highly soluble in alcohol, hot oil, squalane, propylene glycol, triglycerides. The cosmetic advantage of raspberry ketone is that, thanks to its fat-burning properties, it effectively improves skin tone, improving its elasticity and eliminating sagging.

IN cosmetics for the face, raspberry ketone helps to narrow pores and activate metabolic processes, which ultimately creates a rejuvenating effect. In hair care products, this ingredient helps both strengthen falling hair and stimulate the growth of new ones. Thus, as part of various formulations, raspberry ketone solves a whole range of problems, including:

smoothing and tightening of the skin;
rejuvenation and smoothing of microrelief;
prevention of baldness;
fight against cellulite;
fat burning;
increased metabolism.

The share of raspberry ketone in cosmetics, as a rule, accounts for no more than 1-2%:

Cosmetics for facial skin – up to 0.5%;
Hair cosmetics: shampoos – up to 2%, anti-baldness products – 0.02%;
Gels for strengthening eyelashes and enhancing their growth – 0.01%;
Anti-cellulite serums and wraps – 1%.

Raspberry ketone does not dissolve very well in water, so homemade cosmetics are usually prepared based on alcohol, introducing the component in the final phase of preparing the product. When combining raspberry ketone with oils, it is added at the fatty phase, after which it is heated until completely dissolved (melting at a temperature of 80-85C).

Dangerous properties of raspberries and contraindications

Eating raspberries in large quantities can harm people suffering from gout, problems with the gallbladder, and kidneys. The reason for this is contained in the berry calcium oxalates, potentially capable of causing exacerbation of diseases.

The results of some studies have suggested a connection between the use of decoctions and infusions of raspberry branches with suppression of the function of the thyroid gland and pituitary gland. The appearance of the effect is explained by the probable presence of substances with a hormonal effect in the composition.

Due to the presence of coarse fibers in raspberries, you should refrain from consuming them during periods of exacerbation of gastritis, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum. And given the vitamin K content in raspberries, which affects blood clotting, people taking anti-clotting medications should consult their doctor before consuming raspberries.

Often the danger is created not so much by the product itself, but by distorted ideas about its properties. For example, in online cosmetology publications there is a widespread belief that raspberry seed oil provides protection from sun rays at an SPF level of 28 to 50. An attempt to identify the source of this information led to an article in the Journal of Food Chemistry, published in 2000 It said that similar results were obtained by a team of researchers consisting of Canadian, French and Chinese scientists. However, it was not indicated anywhere exactly how the researchers came to such conclusions and what activities were carried out to detect the effect.

Several points raised doubts about the correctness of the study:

Firstly, a very large SPF range was announced without explaining the reasons for the difference in values.
Secondly, the data presented contradicted other studies (American and Indian scientists from the University of Florida and Ravishankar Shukla University, respectively), which stated that the sun protection factor of most popular natural oils is approximately one - SPF 1. (The record holder in the study was mint oil pepper with SPF 7).

Thus, if you apply raspberry seed oil before going to the beach, there is a direct danger of getting sunburned - natural oils do little to prevent the penetration of UVB rays. In addition, they do not block UVA rays at all - more dangerous long ultraviolet waves, the harm from which is not immediately noticeable.

The vitamin E contained in raspberries is also unable to stop ultraviolet radiation (although it is also often attributed to the function of a filter). As an antioxidant in combination with vitamin C, which stabilizes molecules, vitamin E can correct the effects of solar radiation, but this requires that the oil be unrefined.

In addition, clean vegetable oils They have low water resistance and do not adhere well as a barrier, being quickly absorbed by the skin. Therefore, if there is no harm from the product, but with protective function which is entrusted to him, he still fails to cope, then this also creates additional risks.

People have been writing and talking about raspberries since ancient times. Mention of berries appears in one version of the ancient Greek myth about the infancy of Zeus. They tried to hide the future Olympian supreme god from the bloodthirsty father Kronos, who wanted to destroy his heirs, who, according to the prediction, were supposed to overthrow him. To prevent the baby from giving away his location by screaming, one of the nymphs decided to distract him by treating him to raspberries. But while picking berries, she injured her hand on the thorns, causing them to turn the color of blood.

And indeed Latin name raspberries - Rubus idaeus– probably comes from the word “ rufus" meaning bright red color. However, in fact, the fruits of different varieties can be almost white, yellow, pink, and even black.

In living nature, everything is generally very confusing. For example, not only raspberries can have a raspberry taste. Red bananas differ from the usual yellow ones not only increased content potassium, vitamin C and beta-carotene, but also a special flavor, reminiscent of raspberry. The fruit of the “chocolate vine” - akebia - has the same feature, although its name contains a hint of the smell of chocolate, which can be felt when standing next to the plant.

And names in general are often misleading. A small tree of the mulberry family, Kudrania triacum, is common in East Asia. But besides this name, it has another name - “raspberry tree”. Although the taste of the fruits of this tree is more reminiscent of persimmons, outwardly there is a clear resemblance to raspberry fruits.

The higher the economic and traditional nutritional importance of a product in the national economy of a country, the more often this product is mentioned in folklore and copyright literature. Thus, among the Eastern Slavs, raspberries are mentioned in fairy tales more often than any other berry, and its image is associated with a sweet, carefree life, which is reflected in proverbs and sayings (for example, “Not life, but raspberries”). It is not surprising that in Russia, which ranks first in the industrial cultivation of this berry, Ivan Larionov’s 1860 song “Kalinka-Malinka” for a long time was considered popular.

In the Serbian town of Arilje, located in a picturesque hilly area, a monument to a raspberry picker was erected. The place was not chosen by chance. The city itself is often called the raspberry capital of the world, since the surrounding plantations harvest a fifth of Serbia’s total harvest, which is approximately 5% of the global product harvest. Millions of kilograms of berries pass through thousands of small factories every year.

Raspberries are considered the country's main export product and a unique recognizable brand, popular all over the world. In Serbia itself, it is poetically called “red gold”, and since 2012, festive events have been held under the general name “Raspberry Days”.

Since 2018, the Ukrainian village of Sadovoye, Tokmak district, Zaporozhye region, has its own monument to raspberries, made by a local sculptor. Its opening took place at the “Happy Berries Festival”, and its appearance is associated with the active work of an agricultural cooperative engaged in growing this garden crop.

But perhaps the most famous “sculptural” image of a berry in the world was created to present the Hollywood anti-prize for dubious achievements in the field of cinema, “Golden Raspberry”. The figurine, which is awarded to the most distinguished actors, directors, screenwriters and other film figures, is deliberately made of cheap plastic and spray-painted with deliberately bright yellow paint.

It is believed that the name of the anti-reward “Golden Raspberry” came from the slang expression “(to) blow raspberry (tongue)”, common in English-speaking countries, describing a specific way of expressing disdain to another person. (To show mockery, you need to blow with your tongue slightly protruding and your lips closed).

The Golden Raspberry Award has been awarded since 1981 on the eve of the announcement of the list of Oscar nominees and over the years of its existence has become very popular among viewers and critics. However, not only in the world of cinema, but also in real life There are varieties that, thanks to their orange-yellow berries, could become a model for the authors of the figurine.

Selection and storage

Raspberries are chosen primarily based on its appearance. If there are no obvious damages on the surface of the drupe, it is better to buy elastic raspberries that have a uniform, rich color. Sluggish, darkened, wrinkled, moldy berries should be discarded.

Since raspberries in markets today are most often sold in transparent plastic cups, the buyer has the opportunity to examine the contents of this container more carefully, which is very convenient. Through the transparent walls of the glass you can see low-quality berries, which the seller sometimes puts at the bottom, disguising them as fresh. In addition, the buyer immediately notices if the raspberries have been in the glass for a long time and have already released the juice.

Dried berries should also be discarded. The storage period for raspberries taken from the bush in their natural form is very short. It is advisable to eat or freeze the fruits within the first 24 hours after harvest.

When properly frozen, raspberries can be stored until next year's harvest, while retaining their beneficial features. Freezing in several stages is considered “correct”, in which the berries are first washed in a colander under a weak stream of water so as not to damage the soft flesh, then dried on a paper towel, and finally laid out in a single layer on a baking sheet (tray), which is sent into the freezer. Only after the berries have frozen and hardened can they be poured into a hermetically sealed bag and placed in the freezer for long-term storage.

With this method, they do not form a frozen lump and do not lose their appearance, take up little space in the refrigerator. Raspberries can also be stored in the form of jam for a very long time. But it is incorrect to compare these two methods, since after repeated heat treatment, raspberries lose almost all their beneficial properties.

One of the recently widespread ways to preserve most of the beneficial substances in berries is freeze-drying under vacuum conditions of previously frozen fruits. This differs from the open (household) drying method in the absence of contact of raspberries with oxidizing oxygen. The advantage of the method is that it preserves the taste, aroma, color and shape of the berries. The downside is the partial loss of anthocyanins and a slight loss of ascorbic acid.

Varieties and cultivation

The first varieties of raspberries began to appear in the 16th century. All of them came from plants brought from the forest. Today there are more than 600 varieties, but there is an opinion that many of them are inferior to their forest ancestor in terms of the content of nutrients in the fruits. Nevertheless, breeders have something to be proud of.

Firstly, a number of varieties are distinguished by both excellent taste and attractive presentation, as well as a high content of anthocyanins, vitamins, and phenolic substances.
Secondly, many remontant varieties have been developed, which are characterized by the ability to bear fruit on both annual and biennial shoots, which increases yield. The first such varieties appeared more than 200 years ago, and by the end of the 20th century their number exceeded fifty.

Below, as an example, we describe species that are distinguished by their commercial uniqueness and/or high antioxidant activity:

1 "Eurasia". A remontant, unpretentious, early-ripening variety with dense, large (4-4.2 g) sweet and sour fruits appeared in 1994. The berries can be recognized by their conical shape, dark crimson color and matte skin surface. The fruits are not very fragrant, but this raspberry high performance antioxidant activity: anthocyanins ¬– 149.6 mg/100 g, P-active compounds – 326 mg/100 g.
2 "Hercules". Another remontant variety with large, but not very sweet and aromatic fruits. “Hercules” compensates for this deficiency by the fact that it is one of the record holders for vitamin C with indicators of 37.4 mg/100 g, and for anthocyanin content of 198 mg/100 g. Gardeners value it for its fairly high yield, which, at a good level agricultural technology can reach 3.5-4 kg per bush.
3 "Cornish Victoria". The fruits have an unusual creamy-yellow color, which immediately attracts the attention of others. But this is not the only variety with a similar berry color. In addition to it, there are, for example, “Apricot”, “Golden Everest”, “Golden Giant”, “Honey”, “Golden Queen” and others. What they all have in common is that the berries are sometimes rich, but sometimes pale yellow in color, for which the species included in the group are often called “white raspberries.” Like other varieties of the group, “Cornish Victoria” contains little anthocyanins, but a lot of sugar, which is especially pleasing to lovers of very sweet berries.
4 "Cumberland". It is the most common variety of black raspberry with high yield - up to 4 kg / bush. The berries are sweet and round. But the popularity of this variety is also challenged by other productive and very sweet varieties of black raspberries: “Bristol”, “Povorot”, “Ugolyok”. Some of them are distinguished by their high resistance to frost (“Ugolyok”, “Early Cumberland”), others by their special juiciness (“Bristol”, “Luck”), and others by their unique taste (“Boysenberry”).
5 "Strawberry-Raspberry". Some consider it a hybrid of raspberries and strawberries - clubraspberry, because it reaches the size of a walnut and looks similar to both berries at the same time. However, this idea does not correspond to reality. In fact, “Strawberry-Raspberry” is an East Asian variety of wild raspberry, presented on the market under the names “Tibetan”, “Rose-leaved”, “Dwarf”, “Strawberry”, “Chinese”, etc. The species is gradually gaining popularity in our country as a decorative hedge in gardens, since it has fluffy and prickly shoots, which in middle latitudes do not rise above 1.5 meters. At the same time, large flowers on the bush get along well with already ripe huge fruits, which creates an additional decorative effect.

Raspberries should be grown taking into account varietal specifics. But in most cases, it can be planted both in spring (in the last ten days of April) and in autumn (from late August to late September), which is preferable. Raspberries are propagated by root suckers, individual bushes or by tape (trellis) method. Before this, the soil should be well fertilized with peat compost or manure humus.

Raspberries like slightly acidic soil that can hold water well. Due to the shallow depth of the roots, raspberries are sensitive to drying out of the soil. However, the plant also does not tolerate oversaturation of the soil with moisture, so you should take care of high-quality drainage.

Raspberry bushes need protection from the wind, which threatens to damage the shoots and interfere with pollinating insects. However, you should not hide raspberries in a heavily shaded “corner” - without the sun and good lighting, fruiting is noticeably reduced, and the berries ripen sour.

Information sources

US National nutrient database
US National nutrient database
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Figueira ME, Câmara MB, Direito R, Rocha J, Serra AT, Duarte CM, Fernandes A, Freitas M, Fernandes E, Marques MC, Bronze MR, Sepodes B. Chemical characterization of a red raspberry fruit extract and evaluation of its pharmacological effects in experimental models of acute inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis. Food Function. 2014 Dec.
Sangiovanni E, Vrhovsek U, Rossoni G, Colombo E, Brunelli C, Brembati L, Trivulzio S, Gasperotti M, Mattivi F, Bosisio E, Dell"Agli M. Ellagitannins from Rubus berries for the control of gastric inflammation: in vitro and in vivo studies, PLoS One, 2013.
Yu YM, Wang ZH, Liu CH, Chen CS. Ellagic acid inhibits IL-1beta-induced cell adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Br J Nutr. 2007 Apr.
Jia H, Liu JW, Ufur H, He GS, Liqian H, Chen P. The antihypertensive effect of ethyl acetate extract from red raspberry fruit in hypertensive rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2011.
Suh JH, Romain C, Gonzalez-Barrio R, Cristol JP, Teissedre PL, Crozier A, Rouanet JM. Raspberry juice consumption, oxidative stress and reduction of atherosclerosis risk factors in hypercholesterolemic golden Syrian hamsters. Food Function 2011.
Yu YM, Chang WC, Wu CH, Chiang SY. Reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits by ellagic acid. J Nutr Biochem 2005.

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Suitable for use by children and adults. It is easily and quickly digestible, contains a large amount of calcium salts and nutrients, prevents the development of rickets and other diseases. Having a goat is a great solution, but like other animals, it can get sick. If the goat does not eat or drink, what should I do?
How to determine if an animal is healthy
In a healthy goat:
temperature from 39 to 40 degrees;
pulse 70-80 beats/min;
breaths 20/min.
How to tell if a goat is sick
A sick animal is identified by the following signs:
the goat doesn't eat;
pulse 100 beats/min;
temperature 42 degrees;
breaths 85/min;
tousled wool;
red rashes;
lethargy;
shiver.
Diseases that are not contagious
Diseases that are not transmitted from animal to animal or to humans arise due to improper care, feeding. It could be:
gastroenteritis;
dyspepsia;
avitaminosis;
colic;
udder inflammation;
tympanitis;
hoof inflammation.

Inflammation of the hooves - the goat tries to lie down more and limps. Treatment is to remove the excess horn on the hoof, wash the wound with a disinfectant solution.
If an animal has eaten too much cabbage or green legumes, its intestines become inflamed (tympanitis). Treatment - mix 500 ml. water with a teaspoon of ammonia. Wash the goat with this solution, pour cool water over it and rub thoroughly.
If a goat has a stomach ache, grinds its teeth, or has lost its appetite, this is colic. Treatment is to do enemas every 3 hours, give chamomile decoction to drink (add a pinch of herb to 500 ml of water), wrap the goat in cloth to warm it.
If you overfeed a goat and it has a cold, the udder may become inflamed. Treatment is to massage the udder, water the animal every 2-3 hours. After milking, lubricate the udder with castor oil.
If the food is poor in vitamins and not balanced, the animal will grow poorly and show signs of rickets. Treatment is complete food.
If an animal has a digestive disorder, it is dyspepsia. Occurs more often in small kids. The reason is the milk that goats drink. An adult animal needs to be fully fed, then there will be no dyspepsia.
Inflammation of the intestines and stomach is called gastroenteritis. It appears if you give your animal dirty water to drink and food with mold. You can save a goat with diet, plenty of clean water.

Diseases that are contagious
All infectious diseases are divided into:
invasive (occur due to worms entering the body);
infectious (occur due to bacteria entering the body).

Only a qualified veterinarian can treat these diseases.

If the udder becomes hot and then hard after a couple of days, this is mastitis. This means that there is pus or blood in the milk. The goat is in pain, so she will not feed the kid and will not allow herself to be milked. Only a doctor can help. The cause of the disease is infection and inflammation of a chronic nature.

Hormonal changes occur in the body of a pregnant goat. They cause immune diseases and cause loss of appetite. Treatment is high-quality food, rich in vitamins and minerals.
Worms are a common cause of refusal to eat. You need a doctor's consultation and treatment in the form of injections against helminths.
If the goat has recently given birth, constipation may be the reason for the refusal to feed. During pregnancy, you need to give the animal a decoction of flax seeds.
Before giving birth, the goat should not be left outside in direct sunlight.
Prevention of digestive problems in a pregnant goat and immediately after birth
To ensure that the artiodactyl does not have digestive problems, you should follow simple recommendations:
feed the animal boiled vegetables;
turnips and rutabaga are prohibited;
food should be rich in vitamins A and D;
after birth, the artiodactyl should be fed in small portions, increasing their volume gradually;
immediately after the birth of the kids, their mother should be given a small piece of black bread, greased with butter, then boiled bran mixed with sugar;
at the first milking after the birth of the babies, the goat should be given a juniper decoction to drink;
You should not give a young mother green, fresh grass. Only hay.
Postpartum problems
When a goat gives birth, it is a difficult period. But it’s more difficult - a month after giving birth.
At this time, the artiodactyl's immunity is reduced, so diseases attack from all sides. Most often this is:
mastitis;
inflammation in the uterus;
vaginitis.
Paresis: how to recognize and treat
If the animal does not get to its feet, paresis can be suspected. Characterized by paralysis of the limbs and internal organs.
If measures are not taken promptly, death occurs due to cardiac arrest.
The cause of the disease is a lack of calcium and glucose.
Treatment: Call a doctor. Before his arrival you should:
give a calcium injection of 10 ml in each leg of the animal;
inject 2 ml of tetravit;
rub the artiodactyl's legs and back with warming ointments, or at worst with vodka;
cover the goat.
The doctor must give the animal an injection of calcium and glucose, 30 ml of both (60 ml in total). The mixture is introduced slowly. If necessary, an injection is given to raise blood pressure.
Improvements should occur within half an hour after measures taken. The trembling should go away, the artiodactyl should stand clearly, without collapsing or lying down.
The veterinarian must wait for improvement. If there is no improvement, the doctor must repeat all previously performed manipulations.
Before leaving, the doctor must prescribe treatment. It usually consists of administering glucose and calcium over one to three days. The exact duration of treatment depends on how the animal feels.
If lumps begin to form at the injection site, they should be wiped with chlorhexidine. Do not rub the solution in with force!
It is important not to let the goat lie down a lot; if necessary, lift it by force, force it to move, rub its spine and legs with warming ointments, cover it with a warm blanket, for example, an old blanket. You can sew and put on a warm jacket for the artiodactyl.
Tympany of the rumen
The cause of the disease is changes in food, gas, bloating. Symptoms:
the animal does not eat;
increased salivation.
If left untreated, death occurs.
Treatment:
pull out the goat's tongue;
place a straw tourniquet in your mouth;
massage the abdomen;
water the animal cold water;
give a solution of water with ammonia and kerosene to drink (liter of water/1 teaspoon of alcohol/kerosene);
Feed hay from May to June.
Poisoning
The reason is poisonous, chemical treatments of grass on pastures, plants harmful to goats (barnyard grass, St. John's wort, colchicum).
Treatment is gastric lavage.
Pneumonia
Cause:
humid air in the barn;
bad conditions content;
poor quality food.
Symptoms: lack of appetite, fever, cough.
Treatment is prescribed only by a veterinarian.
Summary
Most goat diseases can only be correctly diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, if an animal:
eats poorly;
trembles;
diarrhea;
cannot stand on his feet;
he has a fever;
there is rapid breathing;
increased heart rate;
and so on,
a veterinarian should be called immediately.
Most diseases can be easily avoided if you keep the artiodactyl clean, care for it with cleanly washed hands, give high-quality food rich in vitamins, and drink clean water.
All this will allow the goat to live healthy, full life, don't get sick.
Particular attention should be paid to a pregnant animal, as well as a goat after childbirth and small kids - they are the most vulnerable.

Goat milk yield has its periods. It's rise, peak and fall. This is a natural process, like, in fact, all processes occurring on Earth.

After lambing, the goat's milking begins and milk production depends a lot on balanced nutrition, frequency of milking, and cleanliness in the goat barn. And this is not only dry bedding, but also good air ventilation. When the air is clean and cool, goats eat feed with special pleasure and are active. But if the air is filled with ammonia gases, goats become lethargic and lose their appetite.

Especially during the winter period, during the stable period, the flow of fresh air is important for goats. Every time I go to take care of my goats, even in severe frosts, I open all the doors for a few minutes, letting in clouds of frosty air. Regular daily exercise, feeding outside in the walking area, also not paying attention to the weather.

In cold weather, the time spent in the fresh air is shortened. One day, a goat breeder friend of mine complained that the goat was not eating very well and was very thin. She answered all my questions: I give, I feed, she has some left... Well, let’s go examine, examine the goat, how can you help without looking, since the owner says that she feeds well and even has everything left!?

They came, but it was scary to look at the goat, the skinny one seemed about to fall, and she had three suckling goats. Then I was confused, my heart sank, I stood there and thought about where to start, how to save a goat from death, and not raise the milk yield. The goat's owner complained that the goats didn't have enough milk. And the picture appears like this: due to severe January frosts, a goat with kids in a very dark flock and 3 weeks without a single walk. This means that vitamin D, which goats produce from the sun, receiving energy through their hairs skin hasn't received it for a long time.

Metabolism, as a result, collapses and with a lack of this vitamin, the animal loses its appetite. The goat does not receive fresh air. I look further, the hay is black, and hay is the basis of the feed ration. Here the walking goat will wither away. In the feeder, which was a wooden box, there was enough of it, but it was from yesterday.

I tell the hostess that the hay is bad, so at least you need to give it as much as you can, but it’s better to urgently find a good one and buy a couple of rolls. And she told me, the hay is a complete feeder! And the unfortunate mistress has to say that the goat does not eat hay that smells of manure, and that it is important to give fresh hay at each feeding, preferably from the cold. The goat doesn’t even know brooms or twigs. I drag the barely walking goat out into the cold, the owner chirps: “Oh, he’s getting cold, oh, his udder is getting cold.” And so I say, she will stretch your legs. There has been a fir tree lying around in the paddock since New Year, I break its paws and give it to the goat, I see that it has shown interest and has started chewing sluggishly. I tell the hostess I’ll break off the cherry branches, don’t you mind? Yes, break, and watches everything that happens. The goat devoured cherry branches for her sweet soul. Well, I thought, all is not lost! He will live. The goat was given compound feed for one meal in a 500 gram plastic sour cream cup, poured into a basin and under the goat’s feet, and was not given fresh food; if trampled, the food smelled like a flock, it remained in the basin. Not eating means not hungry!

I thought how scary it is to be an animal, they do whatever they want to you, without bothering to stock up on knowledge about caring for animals. And they can’t say anything to anyone. That's how it happens! And they are still waiting for milk yield. Branches and brooms for goats are a great food necessity, not a whim. When a goat eats them, bacteria grow rapidly in the digestive tract, helping digestion and fermentation of food, and ultimately its absorption.

A prerequisite for good milk yield is the goat's access to clean room temperature water at any time of the day.
I’m not talking about the goat itself, but it’s probably worth paying attention to this too. The goat should be well formed in the womb, watered for up to 3-5 months with pure milk, without dilution with water. Such future queens will have fatty milk. You can read in the previous goat breeding article “”.

Also, a goat should be kept from early covering for up to a year. Not much, not little, without including in this article information on feeding gestational goats, it is important to follow in order to achieve good milk yield.

Good heredity goes without saying. These are high milk yields from the parent branches for several generations. By observing feeding and maintenance regimes, it is important to milk the goat well. At first, it is better to leave the number of milkings at four times, if possible. And so, having milked the goat and transferred it from hay in the spring to juicy green grass, we are starting to approach the peak of milk production.

This stage often occurs in the middle, sometimes at the end of June. Peak milk production does not last long, two to three weeks maximum. Then by July the grass becomes less juicy and milk yield decreases slightly. At the end of July, grazing goats often experience a massive rut and...

Although this period shifts from year to year and depends on many factors. Sometimes it stretches until October. I remember it was a year, the goats in the herd mostly covered almost all of them in May. That also happens. So the gestation imperceptibly increases every day, and the milk decreases. And in August, milk yields clearly drop. And from the moment the goat covers itself, we count 3 months and leave 2 months for the goat to rest. This means that by the end of the third month it is important to start the goat.

There is an opinion that one and a half months is enough good care. But we are not dying of hunger, and we have several goats and they are covered at different times, so there is always milk. And before lambing, our goats rest for two months and eat up. And the kids are born big.

Buyers of goats ask their owners how much milk a goat produces. And they get an answer about the peak period. But there are goats that accelerate slowly and quickly reduce milk. And there are goats, as I call them, stable ones. Here they are - good income on the farm, and they will feed their kids and give it to others. Enviable consistency and the absence of jumps in milk yield are valuable, as they greatly increase the total volume of milk during the lactation period.

Our editorial mail often contains questions about diseases of goats and sheep. We asked veterinarian V. Gavrilova to answer the most common of them.

Today, for some reason, our sheep have weak offspring. Even young and strong queens brought only one lamb each, and they grow slowly, frolic little, lie down more, and eat very poorly. Maybe they are sick, but with what?
L. Kovalchuk, Rostov region.

Most likely, your sheep's diet is lacking calcium or phosphorus, or you are keeping them in damp, dark conditions. Both lead to rickets in young animals, and in adult animals they cause bone diseases - osteoporosis and osteomalacia. To avoid this, during the grazing period animals should receive plenty of complete green food, and in winter - good hay, silage, and concentrates.

It is necessary to feed with root crops, especially carrots, chalk, ground eggshell, wood ash (ash, elm, aspen, beech). Give them also bone meal and vitamin D supplements. B sunny days even late autumn and in winter, be sure to take him for a walk. By the way, sheep and goats really need sodium, which is very little in plant foods. Therefore, everyone, especially young animals, should be given table salt every day. Before insemination, young animals require 5-8 g per day per head, suckling animals - 12-16 g, and pregnant queens - 8-10 g.

We recently lost three sheep and two goats. We brought them from the pasture - they were healthy. At night we gave them some cut grass and some hay. They ate well. And in the morning they were found dead. We can't understand why this happened?
L. Vedrenko, Saratov region.

Your animals died from tympany (bloating and inflammation of the intestines). This disease occurs in goats and sheep from eating large amounts of juicy or dew-covered grass, as well as grass wet after rain. Especially from clover and alfalfa, sprouted ears, spoiled hay, rotten root crops, juicy beet leaves, cabbage. To avoid misfortune, animals should not be allowed to graze on succulent grass on an empty stomach. Do not turn them out to pasture hungry or immediately after rain or heavy dew. Pre-feed with hay. By the way, feeding grass that has been lying in a heap and warmed up, mixed with hay or straw, is simply unacceptable. And you did it! Also, you should not give them rotten, moldy or frozen food or give them water that is not running. In general, it is not recommended to give them anything to drink after heavy feeding.

About a month ago, a very young goat suddenly began to lose weight, began to choke, then she developed convulsions, diarrhea, and very soon she died. What is the cause of this trouble? We called the veterinarian, but he could not find an explanation. We are very worried that the same fate may befall our other goats.
The Lyubimov couple, Novosibirsk region.

The symptoms you report often develop in goats and sheep when there is a lack of carotene in their diet - provitamin A and vitamin E. To provide these and other useful substances, animals need complete food (green, hay, haylage, concentrates, fodder yeast, benign silage, grass meal, as well as carrots, pine, spruce or cedar needles). Give them periodically fish fat, dry stabilized concentrates or administer vitamins A and D intramuscularly.

My kids gnaw at wooden feeders, lick the ground, and eat their own fur. Why is this happening to them? How to rid them of bad habits?
O. Bazlyarova, Volgograd region.

Your kids don't have bad habits, and the so-called bezoar disease. It occurs in animals, especially young animals, due to a lack of microelements in the feed. From densely felted wool, plant fibers, rags and dirt eaten by animals, stones are formed in their intestines, which often cause intestinal obstruction, and the animal dies.

To prevent bezoar disease, goats and sheep need to be fed special mineral briquettes. To prepare them, take ground chalk (100 kg), table salt (8-10 kg), iron sulfate (50 g) and chemically pure cobalt chloride (20 g). All this is stirred in water until it becomes pasty. Then briquettes or balls are molded from the resulting mass - whichever is more convenient for you. Store them in a dry, dark place. Before feeding the animals, the briquette (or ball) is crushed, mixed (up to 30% by volume) with phosphorus fertilizer (this is feed precipitate, defluorinated phosphate, etc.) and laid out in feeders.

V. Gavrilova, veterinarian

Temporary refusal of food by a woman in labor has physiological reasons. But if a goat eats poorly for a long time, this is a sign of disease. Refusal to drink is also considered a symptom of ill health. Inexperienced goat breeders are at a loss when their pet loses appetite and thirst. This article will explain why this happens and what to do.

Causes

A temporary lack of appetite after childbirth is considered a common phenomenon for all mammals. Food compresses the uterus that has not recovered from childbirth, the surface of which for some time represents an open wound. When the stomach is full, painful sensations arise, and the brain gives the command to stop drinking and eating food. This is why a goat refuses to eat after lambing. Recovery of the uterus to resume the next reproductive cycle occurs slowly. At this time, the female gives more and more milk, so it is necessary special approach to catering.

If a goat does not eat or drink anything after lambing, most of the causes of the pathology lie in the following:

violation of content parameters;
feeding errors.

The following diseases result from refusal of food and water:

endometritis;
mastitis;
atony of the forestomach;
ketosis;
milk fever.

Endometritis

Improper feeding causes retained placenta, which transforms into endometritis. The goat is a ruminant animal that must obtain sufficient long-fiber fiber as well as carotene from bulk feed. The last months of gestation occur mainly at the end of winter, when most of the provitamin A of hay and brooms has been destroyed.

In the last weeks of pregnancy, it is recommended to exclude succulent foods from the diet - root vegetables and silage. At this time, they are also not of the best quality; they may contain nitrates, which destroy vitamin A, but some livestock breeders continue to feed dangerous products to goats. If the hay fed to the goat is of low quality, the owners try to improve the diet by increasing the supply of concentrates, which leads to disruption of ruminal digestion. Goat proventriculus microbes produce endotoxins. The result of the action of harmful metabolites or vitamin A deficiency is the development inflammatory process where the placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus. This leads to delayed separation of the placenta, ending in endometritis.

The goat is depressed after giving birth, so she doesn’t eat anything. The owner of the animal can prevent the disease. The goat should be switched to hay and twig food, and the vitamin deficiency should be compensated for by weekly injections of Trivitamin or Tetravit, 1 ml per head. At the beginning of lactation, the goat will produce little milk, but after recovery, milk yield will be restored.

Mastitis

Inflammation of the udder can occur due to a cold under inappropriate conditions of detention - dirt, dampness, contact with concrete floors or feeding errors, which are mentioned above. Home nutritional cause The occurrence of mastitis is a sharp increase in the supply of concentrates, root vegetables or freshly cut grass to stimulate milk production. The rumen becomes acidified, the microflora dies, releasing toxic metabolites that irritate the udder parenchyma, causing swelling. Stagnation of milk in tanks leads to the development of mastitis.

Treatment combines antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Prevention is rational nutrition roughage, with a gradual increase in the amount of concentrates. If lambing occurs during the grazing season, you can feed grass only after it has dried.

Atony of the forestomach

If cicatricial digestion is disrupted due to the reasons mentioned above, the activity of the proventriculus may cease. Peristalsis stops, chewing gum is absent. Fiber ceases to be digested, and proteins slip undigested into the intestines, where they become food for putrefactive microflora. Chronic tympany develops. Treatment consists of taking ruminators, for example, hellebore tincture and a starvation diet.

Ketosis

The disease develops as a result of excess protein, with low energy saturation of the dry matter of the diet before lambing or at the beginning of lactation. Most often, the pathology is provoked by feeding bean hay. To absorb excess protein you need energy. The body produces it from its own fat deposits. The rate of breakdown of triglycerides rapidly increases; they do not have time to oxidize to acetic acid, accumulating intermediate compounds - ketone bodies.

The blood reaction shifts to the acidic range, enzymes are inactivated. The animal weakens, loses weight, does not eat or drink anything. It is mainly multiparous, high-yielding animals that suffer. Treatment consists of diet therapy - bringing the energy to protein ratio to the recommended norms. At first the goat will give little milk, but the kids will have enough. Productivity will then gradually recover.

Milk fever

When a high-yielding goat lambs for the third time, she may develop milk fever, which is accompanied by paralysis, refusal to feed and drink, and a drop in temperature. The cause of the disease is that there is little calcium left in the blood, which is used for milk synthesis. Pathology is provoked by errors in feeding at the final stage of pregnancy. The need for Calcium for fetal development is small and is met through feed.

When the goat is milked, the situation changes. Milk production requires a lot of Calcium, and it must be washed out of the bones. However, such a mechanism has not been worked out, which has a detrimental effect on the health of the lactating animal. If you have the slightest suspicion of milk fever, you should consult a doctor. The treatment mechanism has been developed, but requires professional skills.

To prevent the occurrence of milk fever, it is necessary to exclude pregnant animals from the diet. rich in calcium bean hay. If you use concentrates in feeding a pregnant goat, you should limit yourself to phosphorus-rich bran. A slight deficiency of calcium occurs in the blood, which the body compensates for from the bones.

Conclusion

Situations when a goat does not eat or drink after giving birth to her kids are dangerous to her health and life itself. In most cases, they arise due to violation of maintenance rules, as well as an unbalanced diet and low quality feed. If the owner of the goat finds out what he should not do, there will be much fewer health problems for the mother in labor.