Alanine aminotransferase is increased. Why is ALT elevated, what does it mean? Possible symptoms to get tested

An increase in ALAT can occur in different cases. But most often this happens with liver diseases. This is the largest gland that plays important role in the functioning of the whole organism. An increase in ALT in the blood may indicate other diseases. This test can be prescribed both for prevention and in the presence of a number of symptoms.

Alanine aminotransferase - what is it?

Alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme produced by the liver. A small amount of it is also present in the kidneys, pancreas, heart muscle, and skeleton. This substance is involved in amino acid metabolism.

Under normal conditions, this enzyme can be found in the blood in small quantities. But if the organs in which it is included are damaged as a result of injury or disease, then the analysis will show that the level of ALAT is increased.

An enzyme level test allows you to quickly make a diagnosis for problems with the liver, gall bladder, pancreas, myocardium and skeleton. The ALT blood test is also prescribed to monitor the condition of the liver during hepatitis, during treatment with medications, or to assess damage from contact with toxic substances. Blood donors must also undergo this procedure.

You can find out what level of ALT is in the blood if you experience symptoms such as:

poor appetite;
discomfort in the abdominal area and flatulence;
change in the color of urine and feces;
yellow color of the skin and whites of the eyes;
constant weakness and decreased performance.

ALT is often determined together with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. This substance (the level in the blood is also elevated) makes it possible to diagnose problems with the liver and heart.

Blood must be donated in the morning. Before this, you cannot eat anything for eight hours.
You are allowed to drink some clean water.
Two or three days before the test, you must give up alcohol, smoking, fatty foods, and limit physical and emotional stress.
When using any medicines you need to report this to a specialist.

Norm and deviations

Normal alanine aminotransferase levels should be low. The amount of this enzyme in the body changes throughout life.

Children and adults should have the following ALT levels in their blood:

in the body of newborns and up to one year there should be no more than 55 units/l;
from one to three years - 34 units/l;
for children from three to six years old, 30 units/l is considered normal;

up to the age of twelve, the normal ALT level should not exceed 39 U/L;
for men, 45 units of ALT per liter of blood is considered normal;
in women's blood should be up to 35 units/l.

These standards are not exact. These are just approximate values. Depending on the quality of equipment and reagents used, results may vary slightly in different laboratories.

If the ALT blood level is elevated, then to make a diagnosis it is also necessary to take into account the degree of increase. There are mild, moderate and pronounced increase. The first two degrees indicate the development of the disease, and the last - that the organ begins to collapse. Therefore, it is very important to determine the reasons for the increase in ALT by early stages development of the disease.

Why is ALT elevated in the blood?

The cells of parenchymal organs, and especially the liver, are filled with transaminases. It is by this indicator that one can judge the condition of the organ. Increased value ALT can be detected with the slightest damage to an organ, in which cells begin to destroy and the enzyme enters the blood plasma.

If alanine aminotransferase is elevated, then the causes of this phenomenon may lie in the following diseases:

ALAT may increase with hepatitis. There are several forms of this disease. If hepatitis is viral or chronic, then the level of alanine aminotransferase is slightly increased. In acute hepatitis, an increase of several tens of times can be observed.
An increased rate can be observed with obstructive jaundice, but in rare cases.
Liver cirrhosis can be detected by elevated enzyme levels. This disease may not manifest itself in the early stages of development, which poses a serious danger.

Liver cancer. Alanic acid may increase with oncological diseases. Most often, this type of cancer develops in people suffering from hepatitis.
With fatty liver disease - steatosis - you can observe an increase in ALT several times.
Exacerbation of pancreatitis can be diagnosed if high level aspartate aminotransferase in the blood.
Damage to the heart muscle. This condition is called myocarditis. It can be noticed by shortness of breath, weakness and elevated ALT levels.
Myocardial infarction. With this problem, the tissue of the heart muscle dies due to impaired blood flow. If the enzyme concentration increases tenfold or more, it means that after the attack the patient’s condition worsens.

ALT is higher than normal not only in cases of illness.

The following factors can also affect the enzyme content:

use of hormonal drugs - oral contraceptives, steroids, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides;
excessive physical activity;
the use of dietary supplements that contain substances that negatively affect the condition of the liver;
alcoholic drinks increase the enzyme content, so you should avoid alcohol for a week or two before donating blood;

Stress and emotional overstrain lead to disruption of work nervous system and the whole organism;
consumption of fatty foods, harmful additives, fast food, soda and other unhealthy foods.

Due to these reasons, the biochemistry result may show a slight increase in ALT.

A lower figure also does not mean anything good. This can occur with liver rupture, organ necrosis, or vitamin B6 deficiency. This condition can occur when using Aspirin, Interferon.

How to lower ALT

If the ALT level is elevated, only a specialist can explain what this means. Having received such results, you cannot ignore them. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination and find out the cause of the deviation.

You can lower ALT in the blood only by diagnosing and treating the underlying disease. Only a doctor knows what to do in such a situation.

Typically, hepatoprotectors, choleretic drugs, and agents to improve the digestion process are prescribed for the treatment of liver diseases. The patient must also follow a special diet. This allows you to improve organ function and reduce ALT.

In addition, the following measures must be taken:

If the increase in enzyme levels was caused by medications, then it is advisable to discontinue them and select alternative remedies.
It is also necessary to introduce more foods containing vitamin D into the diet. These foods include milk, eggs, fish, and green vegetables.
It is very important to lead a healthy lifestyle. Quit alcoholic drinks and smoking. Spend more time outdoors.
During the treatment process, it is necessary to periodically donate blood to determine the level of the enzyme to find out whether the prescribed therapy is effective or not.

Medicines used in these cases can have serious side effects, so the course of treatment should only be determined by a specialist.

Elevated ALT levels in the blood - the main causes

ALT – alanine aminotransferase. It is a specific enzyme involved in the production and breakdown of proteins. It is synthesized by cells of various organs: liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, heart muscles. Normally, a small amount enters the blood. Blood ALT testing is a common diagnostic test.

Diagnosis based on ALT analysis

The level of alanine aminotransferase is detected as part of a general biochemical blood test. Complaints for which a blood test for ALT is prescribed are:

Increased fatigue;
Decreased appetite;
The appearance of weakness in the body;
Pain on the right side of the abdomen;
Change in urine color;
Yellowness skin;
Pain in the heart area;
Urge to feel sick.

Possible diseases with elevated ALT levels

It is mandatory to detect aminotransferase levels in patients suffering from obesity, diabetes mellitus, and liver disease.

Important! Blood donation is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach. It is not recommended to drink alcohol or fatty foods the day before the test.

You should also refrain from taking strong medications. The results of the study may be affected by a person’s psycho-emotional state and physical stress.

Exceeding the normal threshold

IN medical research The upper threshold of normal ALT is important. The limit for adult men is 45 units/l, for women 34 units/l. An increase in ALT in a blood test indicates an inflammatory process in the body. Below are the diseases that cause this pathology.

Pancreatitis. Severe damage to the pancreas. Occurs due to the appearance of a tumor blocking the enzyme ducts. As a result, the accumulated digestive enzymes begin to digest the pancreas itself. Possible death;
Hepatitis. Liver disease. Characterized by inflammation of organ tissue. It is divided into several types. Hepatitis C is considered the most dangerous. The latter often becomes chronic and can cause cirrhosis of the liver. Common causes of hepatitis are: toxic damage liver cells (eg, alcohol), viral infection;
Myocardial infarction. The most severe heart disease. It is characterized by the death of some parts of the heart muscle due to a critical decrease in blood circulation. The pathology has many causes. The main ones: smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle.

There are reasons for exceeding the ALT norm in a blood test that are not related to the diseases listed:

Chemotherapy;
Injuries accompanied by damage to the muscles of the body;
Taking potent drugs;
Physical and emotional stress;
Eating fatty fried foods
Taking drugs.

Important! The main recommendations aimed at reducing the likelihood of the occurrence of these diseases will be: proper nutrition, avoidance of drug use (including alcohol, nicotine), moderate physical activity, reduction stressful situations in life.

De Rittis coefficient

One of the most important research methods is considered to be a comparison of the ALT level with the level of AST - aspartate aminotransferase. The latter is also an endogenous enzyme involved in the synthesis of amino acids. Aminotransferases have similar threshold levels in the blood. The diagnosis of a particular pathology depends on the balance of ALT and AST. The AST/ALT ratio is characterized by the de Rittis coefficient.

Important! The normal value of the de Rittis coefficient is 1.33-1.75 units/l.

A decrease in the norm below 1 unit/l will mean viral liver damage. An increase in the coefficient to 2 units/l or higher, subject to an increased albumin content, indicates myocardial infarction.

Normal ALT/AST levels in the body:

Alalnine aminotransferase: men – up to 45 units/l, women – up to 34 units/l;
Aspartate aminotransferase: men – up to 41 units/l, women – up to 31 units/l.

Independent interpretation of analyzes

Often, patients, having read enough medical information, try to independently decipher a blood test for ALT levels. Having received the results in the laboratory, some people, seeing the deviation of the indicators from normal values, self-diagnose serious illnesses.

Doctors know that exceeding ALT threshold values is not always a sign of pathology. Results from different laboratories may vary. It depends on the equipment, on the research methods, on the materials used in the analysis. Also, other factors can influence the results, be it the patient’s poor lifestyle, taking medications, emotional state, and others.

Only a doctor can correctly decipher the research results. He also prescribes medication.

Today, doctors do not use ALT analysis as a means accurate diagnosis. Exceeding ALT levels in a blood test only indicates the possibility of a disease. To make a final diagnosis, additional studies are used and specialists are involved narrow profile: urologists, cardiologists and others.

Normalization of ALT levels with folk remedies

After the examination, the patient with high ALT levels is prescribed medications. But for prevention, the doctor may recommend herbal medicine. Below are examples of using folk remedies to reduce alanine aminotransferase levels.

Milk thistle decoction. To prepare, pour a teaspoon of chopped herbs into a glass of boiling water, wrap it and let it brew for 20 minutes. Then filter the infusion. Take the decoction in small sips, half an hour before meals, twice a day, for three weeks;
Herbal collection. Immortelle, St. John's wort and celandine are mixed. The proportion of herbs is accordingly. The collection is filled with 1 liter hot water, wrap and infuse for 12 hours. Then you need to strain the infusion. Take half a glass 4 times a day for two weeks;
Dandelion infusion. To prepare, take 200 grams of crushed dandelion flowers. Pour in 100 ml of vodka. The product is infused for 24 hours. Take 2 tablespoons three times a day for three weeks;
Decoction of corn silk. To prepare the product, take dried crushed stigmas. Pour 200 ml of boiling water and leave for a minute. Take the infusion twice a day, a glass. The course of treatment can be six months.

Important! Folk remedies are not medicine! They are used to prevent diseases and general strengthening body.

State of the art modern medicine allows you to accurately diagnose most known diseases. One of generally accepted methods The study is a biochemical blood test. It contains many indicators, one of which is the level of alanine aminotransferase.

Exceeding the normal level of ALT indicates the possibility of developing serious diseases in the body. But only a doctor can accurately determine the disease. We strongly recommend not to engage in self-diagnosis, much less self-medication. When appearing alarming symptoms Contact the clinic immediately. They will conduct all the necessary examinations and help you cope with the problem.

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Why is ALT elevated, what does it mean?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are enzymes that are active participants in amino acid metabolism. They can be found in the cells of the kidneys, liver, heart muscles and other organs.

If they enter the blood, this indicates the presence of some kind of organ dysfunction due to cell destruction.

When ALT levels are elevated, this most often indicates the development of a certain disease affecting the liver. A decoding of a blood test can show in more detail which organ is damaged; the level of ALT or AST will be significantly increased in it.

What is ALT in a blood test?

Why is ALT elevated in a blood test, and what does it mean? Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an endogenous enzyme belonging to the group of transferases, a subgroup of transaminases, or aminotransferases. Determination of its level in the blood is widely used in medical practice in order to identify pathologies of the liver and some other organs. A blood test for ALT is almost always carried out in conjunction with determining the AST level.

An assessment of these two laboratory parameters allows the doctor to suggest the localization of the pathological process and determine the likely severity of the disease. The Ritis coefficient (AST/ALT ratio) is used for assessment, which is normally 1.33. In acute viral hepatitis, this coefficient decreases, while in myocardial infarction and alcoholic liver damage it increases.

Where is ALT found:

The main function of alanine aminotransferase is associated with the metabolism of amino acids. This substance acts as a catalyst in the transfer of certain molecules. When energy metabolism is disrupted, the permeability of cell membranes increases, which leads to cell destruction and the release of the enzyme into the blood serum.

Norm

The norms within which alanine aminotransferase in the blood must fit are as follows:

children under 1 year: 13 – 45 U/l;
men up to 1 – 60 years old: 10 – 40 U/l;
women 1 – 60 years old: 7 – 35 U/l.

When analyzing this enzyme, high accuracy is required, and it is directly related to the use of certain drugs that can distort the analytical picture. Therefore, before checking your ALT level, you should consult with your doctor, who will either temporarily stop taking medications or take into account deviations in test results associated with drug therapy.

Increased ALT in the blood: causes

Speaking in simple language, alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme that, in addition to the liver, where its concentration is especially high, is found in literally all parenchymal organs, occupying predominantly the cytoplasm of tissue cells. It is not for nothing that ALT is considered a kind of marker of liver pathology and is regarded as reliable sign damage to its parenchyma, because the activity of the enzyme in the blood plasma is directly dependent on the degree of involvement in pathological process tissues of this important organ.

Given this high sensitivity of ALT, it can be expected that alanine aminotransferase will be elevated in cases of the slightest damage to the hepatic parenchyma.

So, an increase in ALT levels occurs in the following cases:

Hepatitis. This inflammatory disease liver can be presented in several forms. For chronic or viral hepatitis, the excess level of alanine aminotransferase in the blood is insignificant.
Rarely, an increase in ALT can be observed in cases of obstructive jaundice, but high values of this indicator are extremely rare.
Cirrhosis. This disease is dangerous because it may not have pronounced symptoms for a long time. Patients quickly get tired and feel tired.
Liver cancer. This malignant tumor often occurs in patients with hepatitis. ALT analysis in this case is necessary both for diagnosing the disease and for making operational decisions.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (steatosis): ALT levels increase slightly – 2-3 times. During the transition of the disease to the phase of steatohepatitis, there is a pronounced increase in ALT, a high level of total and direct bilirubin, as well as indicators of inflammatory blood activity.
Pancreatitis. The presence of this disease is also indicated by the level of ALT. Its increased amount indicates an exacerbation of pancreatitis.
Myocarditis. It manifests itself in lesions of the heart muscle. Its main symptoms are shortness of breath, fast fatiguability patient and increased content ALT in the blood.
Myocardial infarction. This disease is a consequence of impaired blood flow, resulting in necrosis of cardiac muscle tissue.
Tests may show increased ALT levels during alcoholism and immediately after use alcoholic drinks.

When the ALT level increases by 5 times, myocardial infarction can be assumed; if it reaches the level, we can talk about the deterioration of the patient’s condition after the attack. The value of the de Ritis coefficient also changes upward.

Acute hepatitis provokes an increase in the content of the enzyme in the blood at once, muscular dystrophy and dermatomyasis - at 8. Gangrene and acute pancreatitis are indicated by an excess upper limit indicator by 3-5 times.

Reasons for increased ALT not related to diseases

Other reasons can also increase the level of ALT in the blood, for example, some drugs, such as estrogens, oral contraceptives, cholestatics, steroids, iron salts, nicotinic acid, sulfonamides, methyldopa, azithromycin, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, clofibrate, clindamycin.

In some cases, the cause of increased alanine aminotransferase levels is physiological:

Taking dietary supplements containing components that negatively affect liver cells;

Drinking alcoholic beverages a week before the blood test for ALT;

Emotional stress, which can lead to disruptions in the functioning of the nervous system, and as a result, the body’s reaction to this;

Poor nutrition - in particular, consumption of foods with harmful food additives: semi-finished products, “fast food”, sweet carbonated drinks, etc. – in this case, when adjusting the diet, the ALT level returns to normal.

What to do when ALT in the blood is elevated?

Most often, hepatoprotectors are prescribed to reduce ALT levels:

These drugs have numerous effects. First of all, they protect liver cells from further damage, and also restore cells that are already damaged but not yet dead.

What is ALT or alanine aminotransferase in the blood, the reasons for its increase in men and women

Among the indicators of biochemical blood analysis, the ALT factor is used as diagnostic marker for many diseases. Decoding the abbreviation ALT (or AlAT) - alanine aminotransferase - gives some idea of the activity of the enzyme in the body: its functions include the breakdown of keto and amino acids that are part of the cellular composition of hepatocytes, heart muscle, kidney and liver cells.

With normal amino acid metabolism, the level of ALT in the blood is not high. If ALT is elevated, this means that there are interruptions in the activity of some organ. Diagnosis of diseases is carried out, of course, on the basis of other tests, in particular liver tests.

Features of normal ALT levels

The level of ALT in the blood is directly dependent on the age, gender and functional characteristics of a person. This is due to greater enzyme activity in the blood of men compared to women, as well as instability of growth in children. Therefore, in men, ALTED/L is considered normal, and in women, it is U/L.

As for children, the normal level of alanine aminotransferase decreases and increases extremely unevenly throughout the entire period of active growth of the child.

Another category where the ALT level can deviate greatly from the norm without special prerequisites is women in the first trimester of pregnancy. If during this period a blood test shows an excess of the factor by several tens of units, this does not mean that the pregnancy is pathological and can only indicate a change in the level of hormones in the woman’s body. Such a change in background is a physiologically based phenomenon and in adoption special measures does not need.

In what cases is a test for ALT levels in the blood prescribed?

Typically, the level of alanine aminotransferase is one of the indicators of a general biochemical blood test. But sometimes, for a number of reasons, the doctor may prescribe a special blood test to check for ALT levels.

The fact is that liver diseases, which can be asymptomatic until the appearance of characteristic jaundice, are manifested by an increase in alanine aminotransferase in the earliest stages, when treatment of the disease can be most effective.

Therefore, if there is any suspicion of hepatitis or cirrhosis, it is advisable to conduct such an analysis.

Indications for prescribing an ALT test may include symptoms such as:

nausea, vomiting;
discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract;
general weakness and increased fatigue;
yellowness of the eye sclera;
lightening of stool and darkening of urine.

Typically, all of these symptoms indicate the onset of serious liver problems, which is why blood tests are compared to liver test results.

If the analysis shows a significant excess of the norm of the endogenous enzyme, it makes sense to compare the samples and ALT values with the AST indicator - aspartate aminotransferase, which is a marker enzyme for deciphering the state of the myocardium. In order to verify the provoking cause of the increase in alanine aminotransferase, data from the so-called de Ritis coefficient is used, which is determined by the ratio of AST to ALT. An indicator of this coefficient of more than 2 means that a destructive process has begun in the heart muscle, and this means that there is a serious risk of developing myocardial infarction.

Typical diseases with elevated ALT

For the convenience of determining pathology, levels of ALT elevation are divided into three degrees:

high - an increase of 10 times or more;
average – from 6 to 10 times;
light – from 1.5 to 5 times.

The degree of enzyme increase shows the underlying pathology due to which the deviation occurred:

in case of uncomplicated myocardial infarction, the level of increase in ALT refers to mild degree, however, parallel AST tests can determine the presence of an attack;
in case of cirrhosis, the degree of deviation exceeds the norm by 5 or more times, other symptoms may not be pronounced;
for pancreatitis, regular tests for ALT are recommended, since sometimes only they help prevent another attack;
in liver cancer, the degree of ALT deviation may become a decisive factor in deciding on surgical intervention;
with hepatitis A, the amount of enzyme can determine the disease a week before it manifests itself clearly severe symptoms;
with viral and alcoholic hepatitis, a high degree of enzyme increase is observed.

Why does ALT increase?

An increase in ALT in the blood, both in men and women, can be caused by a number of reasons:

hepatitis;
mononucleosis – infectious disease manifested by changes in blood composition, damage to the spleen and liver;
lead poisoning;
taking drugs;
necrosis of malignant formation;
chemotherapy;
steatosis - hepatosis, the so-called fatty liver;
various types of surgical interventions, including myocardial catheterization;
increased physical and emotional stress, psychological shock;
damage muscle tissue;
frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages;
the predominance of fast food in the diet;
taking certain medications - antibiotics, statins, barbiturates, contraceptive and therapeutic hormones, as well as corticosteroids for building muscle mass in men.

In women in the last weeks of pregnancy, ALT activity in the direction of increase may indicate the onset of gestosis - a complication accompanied by nausea, dizziness, increased blood pressure and weakness.

Minor changes in samples can also be the result of poor-quality (non-sterile) analysis, so compliance with basic recommendations when donating blood for testing is mandatory.

Ways to lower ALT in the blood

To answer the question of how to reduce ALT in the blood, you must first find the reason for its increase.

Competent therapy for underlying diseases usually brings all laboratory parameters back to normal, which means correct diagnosis is the most important factor success in reducing ALT in the blood.

In cases of increased indicators due to the harmful effects of alcohol or drugs, or an unbalanced diet, methods such as giving up bad habits and following a diet that excludes fatty, spicy, smoked foods and processed foods that have a detrimental effect on the liver are effective.

There are methods for forcibly reducing enzyme levels medications– Duphalac, Heptral or Hefitol, but their effect is short-lived, and if the underlying cause remains the same, the indicators will quickly return to their previous figures. In addition, most drugs differ side effects And negative influence on the liver, therefore their selection and prescription should be carried out strictly under medical supervision.

Increased ALT in the blood: causes and treatment

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a special substance involved in amino acid metabolism. It is usually found in organs such as the liver, heart, and kidneys.

The penetration of this enzyme into the bloodstream is evidence of the presence of a pathological process. What this means and what ailments it is associated with will be discussed later in the article.

In most cases, alanine aminotransferase is elevated in diseases affecting the liver. However, the possibility of pathology of other vital organs cannot be ruled out.

The concentration of ALT in the blood is an important diagnostic indicator that determines the location and severity of the pathology.

Basic functions of ALT

This enzyme is important for health. Thanks to him, metabolic processes, which helps strengthen the immune system, provide the body with the necessary energy reserves, as well as the production of lymphocytes.

All processes occur inside cells with a small release of the enzyme into the bloodstream.

Due to the destructive process occurring in the cells of the liver and other organs affected by the disease, ALT enters the blood in large quantities. Its presence, exceeding acceptable values, becomes an important indicator for the diagnosis of certain diseases.

The presence of alanine aminotransferase is characteristic of such organs as:

the liver, where its concentration is highest;
heart muscle;
lungs;
kidneys;
pancreas.

This becomes a prerequisite for a thorough examination of these particular organs when high ALT levels are detected in a biochemical blood test.

Indications for analysis

An increase in the level of ALT in the blood signals not only pathology in the listed organs. It also indicates the possibility of other diseases.

That is why blood biochemistry is assessed. The analysis reveals deviations and becomes an integral part of preventive measures, effective way diagnosing serious diseases of the liver, myocardium and pancreas.

Carrying out this study becomes mandatory when monitoring pathological changes in the liver that occur as a result of taking medications, hepatitis and poisoning with toxic substances.

A biochemical blood test is prescribed if the following symptoms occur:

intense pain in the right hypochondrium;
yellowness of the skin and eye sclera;
lightening of stool and dark urine;
lack of appetite;
general weakness.

Timely detection of elevated ALT levels makes it possible to eliminate such signs by making an accurate diagnosis and prescribing an adequate course of treatment.

Other symptoms

In addition to the manifestations listed above, indicating a high level of ALT in the blood, there are symptoms that appear depending on the damage to a particular organ:

Liver. The ailments are accompanied by painful manifestations under the right ribs, changes in skin color and yellowness of the eyes. Viral hepatitis occurs against the background elevated temperature bodies. Cirrhosis is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, and so-called spider veins appear on the skin.
Heart. The main symptom of myocardial infarction is intense pain in the area chest, extending to the subscapular area, left hand and jaw. Violated heartbeat, shortness of breath occurs, blood pressure decreases. There is general weakness and chills.
Pancreas. Nausea, repeated vomiting, acute or aching pain in the stomach, bloating, weakness.

If an oncological process occurs, in addition to these signs, there are sudden loss weight and loss of strength.

Diagnostics

Detection of high levels of enzymes in combination with the listed manifestations makes it possible to quickly diagnose diseases, which significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment.

For testing, blood from a vein is taken in the morning on an empty stomach. The reliability of the results depends on preliminary preparation patient by following simple rules:

last meal no later than 8 hours before collection of biomaterial;
avoiding alcohol and quitting smoking;
limiting physical activity.

In case of use medications The doctor should be notified.

Only if these requirements are met will the tests be accurate, which will make it possible to make an accurate diagnosis.

Analysis transcript

It should be noted that when interpreting the results, the values of an enzyme such as AST are also taken into account. According to the Ritis coefficient scale, which considers the ratio of these enzymes, indicators up to 1.65 conventional units are taken as the norm.

Exceeding these values by 2 times indicates pathological changes in the heart muscle. Indicators below 1.0 indicate liver damage.

However, with hepatitis of viral origin, a decrease in these values is observed, and liver damage due to alcohol poisoning provokes a significant increase in them.

A comprehensive examination of a patient with a high level of enzymes involves the use of MRI, X-ray CT, a general analysis of urine and blood, and a number of other measures.

ALT norms

In adults and children, there is a significant difference in indicators that are considered within normal limits. The table shows that the permissible concentration of this substance depends not only on age, but also on gender:

For a child from 1 year to 3 years

The indicated values are approximate, but small fluctuations up or down are allowed - from 1 to 3 units.

Factors influencing performance

The reasons for increased ALT are quite varied. But most often they indicate liver pathology and are a kind of marker of its condition. In addition, high values are found even with minor diseases of other organs, when they are accompanied by cell destruction.

Types of hepatitis. At the same time, the chronic and viral forms do not cause a significant deviation of ALT from the norm.
Mechanical jaundice. High rates are also observed extremely rarely.
Cirrhosis of the liver. Characterized by the absence of pronounced symptoms for a long time.
Fatty liver disease – steatosis. This condition is characterized by a slight increase in blood levels. However, if the pathology develops into steatohepatitis, alanine aminotransferase increases significantly, and the level of direct and total bilirubin also increases.
Malignant neoplasms in the liver. They often result from hepatitis. Biochemical analysis to determine ALT indicators allows not only to diagnose the disease, but also to draw a conclusion about the need surgical intervention. ALT values increase significantly after chemotherapy.
Pancreatitis. With an exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the pancreas, ALT increases. Indicators can increase 3-6 times.
Myocarditis (damage to the heart muscle). In addition to an increase in enzyme levels, shortness of breath becomes a striking symptom.
Myocardial infarction. Pathology is indicated by a 5-fold increase in ALT values. An increase in time indicates progression of deterioration.
Alcoholism. There is an increased concentration of ALT, which increases after drinking alcohol.
Muscular dystrophy. ALT values can increase 8-9 times.

Exclusively high performance provokes acute hepatitis: exceeding the norm at once.

Other reasons

In addition to diseases, physiological reasons also act as factors causing upward deviations in ALT values. Among them:

exceeding permissible physical activity;
drinking alcohol before the examination;
stressful situations;
eating fatty, fried, spicy foods.

Increased rates are observed during pregnancy. A slight deviation is considered natural.

Uncontrolled use of medications significantly affects the results of the analysis. Therefore, if possible, you should refrain from using them before performing the analysis.

How to get your numbers back to normal

Exceptional information content of blood biochemistry results for ALT, allowing diagnosis wide range pathological conditions does not provide grounds for independently drawing conclusions and making decisions.

This prerogative should be left to qualified doctors.

The fundamental principle in integrated approach To eliminate the problem is further examination to determine the root cause of the deviation from the norm. Having found out which disease served as the trigger for the increase in values, the doctor will choose the right treatment tactics.

Diseases with a particularly severe clinical course require a course of treatment in a hospital setting.

These include:

pancreatic necrosis;
extensive myocardial infarction;
acute and infectious hepatitis;
cirrhosis of the liver;
oncology.

The treatment of each of them is specific and requires strict adherence to the doctor’s recommendations.

Drug treatment

Among the most effective medications used specifically to lower enzymes in the blood, hepatoprotectors should be noted:

Drugs in this group prevent further destruction of liver cells and other organs. At the same time, they restore cells damaged by the pathological process.

Other measures

In addition to taking hepatoprotectors, choleretic agents and drugs that improve digestive processes, it is recommended to adhere to the following diet:

meals should be small and frequent;
Fatty, fried and spicy foods should be excluded from the diet;
smoked meats and sausages are prohibited;
It is not recommended to use marinades or get carried away with pickles;
food should be steamed, baked, simmered or boiled;
limit the consumption of strong tea and coffee;
exclude alcohol and smoking.

About the use of traditional methods

As auxiliary agents, it is allowed to use decoctions and infusions of chamomile, thyme, St. John's wort, and peppermint.

However, you should consult your doctor before using them.

Most great harm brings self-medication and an irresponsible attitude towards one’s health.

To avoid serious consequences caused by untimely contact with a specialist, you should do a blood test 1-2 times a year. This will allow you not to miss the onset of the destructive effects of liver, pancreas and heart diseases on the body.

Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood

ALT belongs to a class of transferase enzymes that are involved in the transfer of certain chemical molecules, thereby catalyzing biochemical processes. Normal ALT levels and activity are extremely important in the ornithine cycle, the main task of which is the formation of non-toxic urea from ammonia.

U healthy people blood serum contains relatively Not a large number of ALT (0.1-0.68 µmol/h·ml or 3-26 IU).

The highest content of ALT is in the liver (in the cytosol of cells); in lower concentrations, this enzyme is found in the following tissues:

Based on a high ALT level, a laboratory diagnosis of cytolytic syndrome is made, which characterizes liver damage with destruction of the integrity of its membrane and the release of intracellular enzymes into the blood. At the same time, ALT is more specific for diagnosing liver pathologies than AST. To monitor the condition of a patient with pathology of the hepatobiliary tract, it is more appropriate to determine the ALT level in the dynamics of treatment.

Determination of the concentration of this aminotransferase is carried out on an empty stomach, the material for the study is venous blood.

The main indications for prescribing this laboratory research are the following:

diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of liver diseases;
clarification and differentiation of pathologies of the pancreas and bile ducts;
monitoring the condition of patients suffering from viral hepatitis;
differential diagnosis of suprahepatic and hepatic jaundice;
donor screening.

An increase in ALT occurs in the following cases:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (steatosis): the level of this aminotransferase increases slightly - 2-3 times. When the disease transitions to the steatohepatitis phase, there is a marked increase in ALT, high levels of total and direct bilirubin, as well as indicators of inflammatory blood activity.
Acute viral and toxic hepatitis, in which the concentration of ALT increases 20 times or more. In some cases of Botkin's disease, an increase in the concentration of this enzyme in the blood may precede icteric discoloration of the skin. With viral hepatitis B and C, the ALT level can increase even 100 times, characterizing the toxic effect of the virus on liver cells. In persons with chronic hepatitis an increase in the level of the described enzyme can serve as a marker of a new exacerbation of the disease. However, in the latter case, ALT increases no more than 3-5 times. At the same time, the concentration of AST, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin in the blood increases due to the direct fraction.
In liver cirrhosis, the increase in ALT is quite small (1-5 times the increase above the upper limit of normal). This is due to the active replacement of liver cells with connective tissue.
In some cases, an increase in ALT may occur with metastatic liver disease. In this case, the level of the described enzyme in the blood reflects the area of the lesion. In hepatocellular carcinoma, ALT levels increase slightly, which complicates the diagnosis of this disease. If primary liver cancer is suspected, in addition to the study of ALT and AST, it is recommended to prescribe a determination of alpha-fetoprotein.
Rarely, an increase in ALT can be observed in cases of obstructive jaundice, but high values of this indicator are extremely rare. To clarify the diagnosis, it is recommended to study GGT and alkaline phosphatase. With obstruction biliary tract the increase in ALT is accompanied by an increase in AST, and this process is transient (a decrease in the activity of these enzymes occurs within 72 hours).
A slight increase in ALT may occur with the following pathological conditions: infectious mononucleosis, myocardial infarction, severe widespread burns, sepsis, acute pancreatitis, late gestosis, myocarditis, heart failure, shock, alcoholic hepatitis, acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

It is important that in addition to diagnosing alcoholic liver damage, the de Ritis coefficient (AST/ALT) is used in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Moreover, its value also exceeds 1.3.

In acute and chronic inflammatory liver diseases, the de Ritis coefficient is less than 1.0. This fact is explained by the higher content of ALT in blood serum compared to AST.

Muscle injuries, polymyositis and dermatomyositis can distort the results of laboratory tests and lead to a false increase in ALT. In this case, determining the level of CPK (an enzyme specific to muscle tissue) will help determine the final diagnosis and choose the right treatment tactics. In some cases, an increase in ALT is associated with intramuscular injections performed the day before. Also, an increase in the level of the described aminotransferase is typical for patients with a body mass index exceeding 30.0. However, in the latter case, the increase in ALT is most likely due to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Some medications can increase the level of ALT in the blood, such as estrogens, oral contraceptives, cholestatics, iron salts, nicotinic acid, sulfonamides, methyldopa, azithromycin, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, clofibrate, clindamycin. An increase in the level of ALT when using the above pharmacological agents by more than 2.5 times requires correction of treatment with the abolition of the hepatotoxic drug.

ALT blood test is elevated: causes and diseases

Periodically, the person is sent for a blood test. This may be preceded by some complaints, or simply a routine examination during medical examination. Sometimes, purely by chance, an increase in the level of alania aminotransferase (or ALT for short) is detected, which is a specific protein found and produced inside cells. That is why, if suddenly, as part of a simple biochemical blood test, it is revealed that the ALT level is elevated, then this may indicate a number of diseases.

What is ALT

What role does ALT play in the blood?

Before moving on to what deviations in the analyzes will mean and what their cause is, it is necessary to become better acquainted with the component itself and understand what role it plays in the human body.

It should be noted right away that this enzyme is produced exclusively inside cells and enters the blood in limited quantities, because, in fact, it is no longer needed. And if for some reason, an increased content of it was noticed in the blood test, then this indicates deviations in the functioning of the entire system.

The main function of alanine amine transferase is the metabolism of amino acids.

In addition, it acts as a catalyst for reversible alanine transfers. Alanine is needed in the body to be converted into glucose. In addition, alanine plays an important role in supplying the brain nutrients, and also strengthens the immune system, produces lymphocytes and regulates the metabolism of sugar and acids.

Most of the enzyme can be seen in organs such as the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs and pancreas. Scientists have discovered an unusual feature. Enzyme activity is much higher in male body than in women's.

When is a blood test for ALT prescribed?

Blood test appointment

As mentioned above, the level of alanine aminotransferase is determined in a simple biochemical blood test. And that’s why sometimes there are no special appointments.

But in order to more accurately find out what the level of the enzyme is in the blood, you need to take an ALT test, which your doctor can prescribe if:

There is a suspicion that the person has hepatitis.
A person gets tired quickly and at the same time feels constant weakness, which is a very dangerous symptom.
A person gradually or abruptly loses his appetite, while he feels nauseous, and sometimes has the urge to vomit.
Signs of jaundice appeared.
It is necessary to identify the effect of medications on the liver to prevent the development of jaundice. This is usually done during treatment strong drugs, which can negatively affect many organs.
A person abuses alcoholic beverages.

A doctor can prescribe an ALT test simply by suspecting some kind of ailment, because in most cases they are all related to the liver, kidneys, and heart. And if there are deviations in the tests, namely an increase in alanine aminotransferase in the blood, then it means that the problem actually exists.

Normal indicators

Normal ALT level in blood

Separately, it is necessary to say about normal indicators alanine aminotransferase levels in the blood. They are different for men, women and children, and also directly depend on age.

If we talk about children, the level of alanine aminotransferase in the blood should be within the range (measured in U/l):

In newly born babies up to five days of life, the ALT level normally does not exceed 49.
In children from the 6th day of life to six months, the ALT level normally does not exceed 56.
In children from six months to one year, the ALT level is normally no higher than 54.
In children from one to three years of age, the ALT level normally does not exceed 33.
In children aged three to six years, the ALT level normally does not exceed 29.
In children aged six to twelve years, the ALT level normally does not exceed 39.

At the same time, it is in children that slight fluctuations in indicators are possible, which are due to uneven growth(some children at 12 years old are already going through puberty, while others are not, some at 6 years old will be 126 cm tall, others 112, etc.). Over time, as growth slows and organ development stops, enzyme levels will settle at normal level. As for women and men, the indicators for them are slightly different, because in males the enzyme is more active than in women.

In women, the normal level of ALT will be up to 30 U/L, but in men it is 40 U/L.

Sometimes this happens. That ALT levels in the blood may not be within normal limits and not for any reason inflammatory processes, this may be affected by taking medications (of a certain group), as well as increased physical activity.

Increased performance

Elevated ALT levels in the blood

By taking a simple blood test, every person hopes that everything is fine. But sometimes it happens that one of the indicators is higher than normal. Moreover, sometimes this is a slight deviation, and sometimes it is several times larger.

Depending on how much the deviation was detected, the severity of the disease will depend. Thus, few people pay attention to a deviation of one or two units, since this may be due to simple physical workload. But if the level of alanine aminotransferase is several times higher, then you should undergo more full examination to find out the reason.

It is believed that when alanine aminotransferase increases approximately 5 times, it is possible to stage a myocardial infarction, when heart cells die. If the level is increased by 10 or even 15 times, then the patient’s condition after an attack (myocardial infarction) has sharply worsened.

An 8-fold increase in enzyme levels may indicate muscular dystrophy and dermatomyositis, diseases no less dangerous than myocardial infarction.

In patients with hepatitis, the rate increases a record number of times and reaches 20-50. Separately, it is necessary to say about the acute stage of pancreatitis, when ALT is increased by 3 or 5 times.

As a rule, not only the level of alanine aminotransferase in the blood increases. Along with it, other important indicators are also deviated from the norm.

More information about the ALT blood test can be found in the video.

Reasons for increased ALT

There are a number of reasons, other than certain medical conditions, that can cause enzyme levels to increase.

Taking certain medications, including antibiotics.
Eating fast food, especially before taking a blood test.
Damage to any muscle.
Drinking alcoholic beverages a week before the blood test for ALT.
Emotional stress, which can lead to disruptions in the functioning of the nervous system, and as a result, the body’s reaction to this.
Greater physical activity as a result of intense training.
The operation was performed shortly before the test.
Chemotherapy sessions.
Poisoning of the body with dangerous metals, such as lead.
Psychological shock.
Drug use, and this can be either once or several times.

Of course, mostly the enzyme level increases due to other health problems, but it is for the above reasons that the indicator can be increased, but only slightly.

Diseases and increased ALT in the blood

In most cases elevated ALT indicates the presence of some serious disease, for example:

Hepatitis. With hepatitis, especially if it is of viral or alcoholic origin, the level of alanine aminotransferase increases many times. This phenomenon can be noticed even a week before the first symptoms appear. If we talk about hepatitis A, then it is the increase in ALT that makes it possible to identify the infection at an early stage.
Liver cancer. In this case, the level of the enzyme is significantly increased, since the malignant tumor disrupts the functioning of the entire organ. And if the level of alanine aminotransferase in the blood is significantly increased, doctors may even postpone surgery due to the risk of complications.
Pancreatitis. When the level of the enzyme in the blood increases, doctors can diagnose an exacerbation stage. And therefore, people suffering from the disease have to undergo tests throughout their lives in order to notice the onset of an attack in time.
Myocarditis, during which, in addition to an increase in ALT, shortness of breath and fatigue are also observed.
Cirrhosis. With liver cirrhosis, the ALT level increases slightly, about 5 times. And if the patient suffers only from pain in the liver area, this analysis will help make a diagnosis and detect the problem.
Myocardial infarction, during which ALT levels may rise due to damage to the heart muscle, but only slightly.

If the ALT blood test is elevated, then a more complete examination is necessary to identify the cause. this change. And the sooner this is done, the much more prosperous the outcome will be.

Alanine aminotransferase (abbreviated as ALT) is an enzyme that acts inside cells and is involved in the breakdown of keto and amino acids. The maximum concentration of ALT is observed in the liver, kidneys, muscle tissue, pancreas and heart. If some abnormalities appear in the functioning of these organs, the blood immediately releases a large amount of the enzyme ALT.

Analysis of the concentration of alanine aminotransferase in the blood is basic for diagnosing diseases of the liver and some other organs. Laboratory analysis helps identify the disease before its symptoms appear.

Indications for alanine aminotransferase analysis

Main reasons for ordering analysis

The main indications for a doctor to prescribe a blood test for alanine aminotransferase are:

liver disease research;
diagnosis of the donor's condition;
monitoring the dynamics of viral hepatitis;
diagnosis of diseases of the pancreas and gall bladder;
detection of hepatic and hemolytic jaundice.

Possible symptoms to get tested

It is necessary to test the blood for ALT concentration if the following symptoms are present:

increased fatigue;
body weakness;
nausea or vomiting;
decline and complete absence appetite;
yellowness of the skin, whites of the eyes;
dark color urine;
stool discoloration;
painful sensations in the abdomen;
bloating.

Risk factors

previous hepatitis or contact with a patient with hepatitis;
hereditary prevalence of liver diseases;
excessive alcohol consumption;
taking medications that have toxic effect on liver cells;
excess weight;
diabetes.

A doctor may order an alanine aminotransferase test if a patient wants to test or improve the functioning of organs such as:

liver;
kidneys;
heart;
pancreas;
biliary tract;
skeletal muscles.

Preparing for the alanine aminotransferase test

For the results of the analysis to be true, the procedure is carried out in the morning, on an empty stomach, 8-12 hours after eating.

Blood alanine aminotransferase level

What are the normal levels of ALT in the blood?

Normally, the concentration of alanine aminotransferase in the blood is quite low. Acceptable ALT levels according to the patient's gender and age are shown in the table.

What can an increase in ALT levels indicate?

Hepatitis. In viral or toxic forms of the disease, the ALT level increases 20 times or more. After 3 weeks from the onset of the disease, normalization of the enzyme may be observed. Persistent hepatitis in chronic form is also accompanied by an increase in ALT levels.
Metastases in the liver. Often, when a tumor first appears, there are no noticeable changes in alanine aminotransferase levels. Further, liver metastases make themselves felt by a moderate increase in ALT in the blood.
Mechanical jaundice. A sharp increase in alanine aminotransferase levels (more than 600 U/l) is observed within 12-72 hours from the onset of the disease.
Cirrhosis of the liver. This disease accompanied by a slight increase in ALT (1-5 fold increase).
Liver steatosis. The concentration of alanine aminotransferase increases 2-3 times.
Some increase in ALT levels may be observed in acute pancreatitis, severe course gestosis 2nd trimester of pregnancy, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, shock, alcoholic hepatitis, burns high degrees severity, failure of the heart.

What does a decrease in ALT concentration in the blood indicate?

Reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase in the blood serum can be noted with:

various neoplasms;
infections of the genitourinary system;
alcoholic hepatitis;
fatty liver infiltration;
liver metastases;
liver cirrhosis;
pyridoxal phosphate deficiency, which occurs from alcohol abuse or poor diet.

What can cause ALT levels in the blood to change?

It is important to remember that factors that increase or decrease the concentration of alanine aminotransferase can be:

muscle injuries;
rhabdomyolysis;
dermatomyositis (muscle inflammation);
polymyositis;
obesity;
intramuscular injections;
taking medications such as aspirin, interferon and others;
pregnancy.

If they enter the blood, this indicates the presence of some kind of organ dysfunction due to cell destruction.

When ALT levels are elevated, this most often indicates the development of a certain diseases affecting the liver. A decoding of a blood test can show in more detail which organ is damaged; the level of ALT or AST will be significantly increased in it.

What is ALT in a blood test?

Why is ALT elevated in a blood test, and what does it mean? Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an endogenous enzyme belonging to the group of transferases, a subgroup of transaminases, or aminotransferases. Determining its level in the blood is widely used in medical practice to identify pathologies of the liver and some other organs. A blood test for ALT is almost always carried out in conjunction with determining the AST level.

An assessment of these two laboratory parameters allows the doctor to suggest the localization of the pathological process and determine the likely severity of the disease. For rate the Ritis coefficient is applied (AST/ALT ratio), which is normally 1.33. In acute viral hepatitis, this coefficient decreases, while in myocardial infarction and alcoholic liver damage it increases.

Where is ALT found:

Liver (most of all);
Kidneys;
Lungs;
Pancreas;
Muscles;
Heart.

Norm

The norms within which alanine aminotransferase in the blood must fit are as follows:

children under 1 year: 13 – 45 U/l;
men up to 1 – 60 years old: 10 – 40 U/l;
women 1 – 60 years old: 7 – 35 U/l.

Increased ALT in the blood: causes

In simple terms, alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme that, in addition to the liver, where its concentration is especially high, is found in literally all parenchymal organs, occupying mainly the cytoplasm of tissue cells. It is not for nothing that ALT is considered a kind of marker of liver pathology and is regarded as a reliable sign of damage to its parenchyma, because the activity of the enzyme in the blood plasma is directly dependent on the degree of involvement of the tissue of this important organ in the pathological process.

Given this high sensitivity of ALT, it can be expected that alanine aminotransferase will be elevated in cases of the slightest damage to the hepatic parenchyma.

So, increasing ALT levels occurs in the following cases:

. This inflammatory liver disease can come in several forms. For chronic or viral hepatitis, the excess level of alanine aminotransferase in the blood is insignificant.
Rarely, an increase in ALT can be observed in cases of obstructive jaundice, but high values of this indicator are extremely rare.
. This disease is dangerous because it may not have pronounced symptoms for a long time. Patients quickly get tired and feel tired.
Liver cancer. This malignant tumor often forms in patients with hepatitis. ALT analysis in this case is necessary both for diagnosing the disease and for making operational decisions.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (steatosis): ALT levels increase slightly – 2-3 times. When the disease transitions to the steatohepatitis phase, there is a marked increase in ALT, high levels of total and direct bilirubin, as well as indicators of inflammatory blood activity.
. The presence of this disease is also indicated by the level of ALT. Its increased amount indicates an exacerbation of pancreatitis.
Myocarditis. It manifests itself in lesions of the heart muscle. Its main symptoms are shortness of breath, rapid fatigue of the patient and increased ALT levels in the blood.
. This disease is a consequence of impaired blood flow, resulting in necrosis of cardiac muscle tissue.
Tests may show an increase in ALT levels during alcoholism and immediately after drinking alcoholic beverages.

When the ALT level increases by 5 times, a myocardial infarction can be assumed; if it reaches 10-15 times, we can talk about a deterioration in the patient’s condition after the attack. The value of the de Ritis coefficient also changes upward.

Acute hepatitis provokes an increase in the enzyme content in the blood by 20-50 times, muscular dystrophy and dermatomyasitis - by 8. Gangrene and acute pancreatitis are indicated by exceeding the upper limit of the indicator by 3-5 times.

Reasons for increased ALT not related to diseases

In some cases, the cause of increased alanine aminotransferase levels is physiological reasons:

Taking dietary supplements containing components that negatively affect liver cells;

Drinking alcoholic beverages a week before the blood test for ALT;

Emotional stress, which can lead to disruptions in the functioning of the nervous system, and as a result, the body’s reaction to this;

Poor nutrition – in particular, consumption of foods with harmful food additives: processed foods, “fast food”, sweet carbonated drinks, etc. – in this case, when adjusting the diet, the ALT level returns to normal.

Of course, mostly the enzyme level increases due to other health problems, but it is for the above reasons that the indicator can be increased, but only slightly.

What to do when ALT in the blood is elevated?

If the ALT blood test is elevated, then a more complete examination is necessary to identify the cause of this change. And the sooner this is done, the much more prosperous the outcome will be.

Most often, hepatoprotectors are prescribed to reduce ALT levels:

Heptral;
Essentiale N;
Karsil;
Tykveol.

These drugs have numerous effects. First of all, they protect liver cells from further damage, and also restore cells that are already damaged but not yet dead.

Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are endogenous enzymes and are significant markers in biochemical blood tests.

Although increased level ALT does not clearly indicate the occurrence of health problems, however, both enzymes are simply not present in the blood in large volumes.

Yes, both ALT and AST levels can increase with liver problems (such as cirrhosis or hepatitis), but other markers also need to be carefully analyzed. By the way, ALT levels may be elevated if myocardial infarction is diagnosed.

Aminotransferases are a group of enzymes capable of catalyzing transamination reactions, playing a leading role in protein metabolism, as well as maintaining a connection between the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates. The most significant natural catalysts for transamination reactions in the human body are alanine aminotransferase (otherwise ALT, ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (otherwise AST, AST).

These enzymes are present in the tissues of many organs. Normally, aminotransferases are practically undetectable in the blood. The minimal activity of enzymes is caused by natural regenerative processes in the body. Increased levels of ALT and AST are highly sensitive markers of damage to the tissues in which they are contained.

A method for determining aminotransferases in a biochemical blood test has been found wide application V clinical practice, thanks to his high sensitivity and specificity.

AsAT and AlAT. Norm

Normally, aspartate aminotransferase does not exceed 31 U/L in women and 37 U/L in men. In newborns, the level should not exceed 70 U/l.

ALT in women normally does not exceed 35 U/l, and in men – 40 U/l.

Also, the analysis results can be presented in mol/hour*l (from 0.1 to 0.68 for ALT and from 0.1 to 0.45 for AST).

What can affect transaminase levels?

The following can lead to distortion of analysis results:

use of certain medications:
- a nicotinic acid,
- immunosuppressants,
- choleretics,
- hormonal contraceptives, etc.),
obesity,
pregnancy,
physical inactivity or excessive physical activity.

How the research is carried out

For analysis, blood is taken from a vein. Results with urgent research provided within 1-2 hours. With standard diagnostics - within 24 hours.

To obtain the most reliable results you must:

Avoid taking medications a week before taking tests (if this is not possible, you must notify your doctor about the medications you are taking);
donate blood exclusively on an empty stomach;
the day before the study, physical activity, smoking, alcoholic beverages, fatty and fried foods are excluded - two days.

What can an analysis of ALaT and AST tell you about?

Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are characterized by selective tissue activity. If considered in
in descending order of the content of these enzymes in organs and tissues, the list will look like this:

alanine aminotransferase: liver, kidneys, myocardium, muscles;
aspartate aminotransferase: myocardium, liver, muscles, brain, kidneys.