Colitis is chronic. Symptoms and treatment of chronic intestinal colitis Chronic colitis of the colon cause and treatment

is a common disease of the large intestine, which is characterized by chronic inflammatory damage to the mucous, submucous and muscular membranes of the colon, with severe course diseases with degeneration of one’s own nerve fibers, as well as intestinal dysfunction. The dysfunction includes a motor and secretory component. Chronic colitis often combined with inflammation in thin section intestines or stomach.

The following types of chronic colitis exist:
1. Infectious (often after an episode of dysentery or)
2. Pseudomembranous chronic colitis develops after taking antibiotics
3. Ischemic – in case of circulatory disorders
4. Beam
5. Medicinal
6. Eosinophilic
7. Lymphocytic
8. Collagen, etc.
The pathological process in chronic colitis can be localized on one side of the intestine, for example, right-sided colitis, or it can be widespread. In the latter case, colitis is called total.

Chronic colitis was identified as a separate nosological form by V.P. Obraztsov (1895), but in the USA and some other countries it is still not recognized as independent disease. These positions are currently being actively reviewed.

Causes:

Chronic colitis is a polyetiological disease. A combination of several factors is often necessary for the development of the disease. A predisposing factor for the occurrence of chronic colitis is a violation of the diet, unbalanced diet, improper diet, alcohol abuse, hypo-and.
A. The most common etiological factor is previous infectious diseases intestinal group - for example, dysentery (shigellosis), salmonellosis, etc. A special form of chronic colitis is the so-called one, but this diagnosis is considered legitimate only within 3 years after an episode of dysentery.
B. In addition to bacteria, the inflammatory process can be caused by protozoa or fungi. Particular importance is given to Giardia and Balantidia.
B. When intestinal dysbiosis is diagnosed in a patient, the saprophytic flora that normally inhabits the intestines may also become active.
D. The role in the development of chronic colitis has been determined - both exogenous (poisoning) and endogenous - with hepatic or.
D. Damage to the mucous membrane from radiation exposure. Radiation colitis can occur after therapy for malignant neoplasms.
E. Drug-induced colitis develops after taking certain medications. Most often, chronic colitis occurs while taking NSAIDs, salicylates, and antibiotics.
G. Allergy. An allergic component is present in the mechanism of development of chronic colitis.
H. Enzyme metabolism disorders. Most clinical significance has lactose deficiency, which contributes to impaired hydrolysis, and this in turn leads to irritation of the mucous membrane.
I. Poor circulation in the colon leads to the development of ischemic colitis.
K. The presence of intercurrent diseases contributes to the development of chronic colitis - and duodenal colitis, etc.

Symptoms:

Chronic colitis is characterized by dull, aching pain in different parts of the abdomen. It happens that the pain is cramping in nature, sometimes the pain is diffuse without clear localization. Distinctive feature serves as a boost after meals, physical activity, cleansing enemas, and subsidence after the passage of gases, bowel movements, the use of a warm heating pad, antispasmodics. There is an alternation of constipation and rumbling, flatulence (bloating), sensation incomplete emptying intestines, the urge to defecate – occurs due to concomitant dysbiosis and digestive disorders. The frequency of bowel movements reaches 5-6 times a day; impurities of mucus or blood in the form of streaks may be found in the stool. Due to inflammation in the area of the rectum and sigmoid colon pain may radiate to the anus. Flow of this disease chronic with periodic exacerbations. When palpating the abdomen, pain is detected along the course of the large intestine, alternation of its spasmodic and dilated areas, and sometimes a “splashing symptom” over the corresponding section.
Among the clinical cases of chronic colitis, the most common are those that develop after suffering from dysentery, against the background of abuse of cleansing enemas, laxatives. The disease manifests itself pain syndrome in the left iliac region and in the area anus, painful urge to defecate, flatulence. Constipation in combination with tenesmus is often observed; the stool is light, sometimes like “sheep feces”, contains a lot of visible mucus, and often an admixture of blood and pus. On palpation, tenderness of the sigmoid colon, its spastic contraction or rumbling (with diarrhea) is noted. In some cases, an additional loop of the sigmoid colon is identified - “dolichosigma” ( congenital anomaly development), which is the cause of chronic colitis. Examination of the anal area and finger examination of the rectum make it possible to assess the condition of its sphincter, to identify the often encountered concomitant pathology that develops against the background chronic proctitis(hemorrhoids, anal fissures, etc.). Sigmoidoscopy is of great diagnostic importance, which allows you to assess the condition of the mucous membrane and identify the presence of ulcerative defects.
For diagnostic purposes, an X-ray contrast examination of the intestine is performed, which reveals spastically narrowed intestines, or atony, and impaired peristalsis. Due to inflammation and infiltration of the intestinal wall, its relief changes.
A general blood test reveals the presence (especially in the ulcerative nature of chronic colitis), neutrophilia, and an increase in ESR.

Treatment:

Patients with chronic colitis are advised to strictly adhere to a diet; during an exacerbation, No. 4a is prescribed, which includes steamed dishes of meat and fish, stale White bread, steam omelettes, low-fat weak meat and fish broths, mashed porridges in water, soft-boiled eggs, jelly, decoctions and jelly from blueberries, bird cherry, pear, quince, rose hips, tea, coffee and cocoa in water.
As the exacerbation subsides, diet No. 4b is prescribed; dry biscuits, cookies, soups with boiled cereals, noodles and vegetables, a casserole of boiled vegetables, porridge with milk, mild cheese, fresh sour cream, baked apples, jam, and butter are added to the diet.
During the period of remission, they switch to the 4b diet, which includes less mechanically gentle processing of food: all dishes are given unprocessed, lean ham, soaked herring, raw vegetables and fruits, and juices are added. Dill, parsley, jellied fish, tongue and black caviar are also allowed.
If in clinical picture stool retention prevails, then products containing increased amount dietary fiber(vegetables, fruits, grain products, especially wheat bran). Bran must be poured with boiling water for 20-30 minutes, then drained and added to porridge, soup, jelly or consumed in pure form with water. The dose of bran is from 1 to 9 tablespoons per day. After eliminating constipation, you should continue to take them in quantities that ensure independent bowel movement once every 1-2 days. Bread is best consumed with increased content bran
Astringent, adsorbent drugs are indicated when diarrhea syndrome predominates; white clay 1 g is prescribed; calcium carbonate 0.5 g, dermatol 0.3 g in the form of a shaker before meals 3 times a day).
If there is no effect, which is usually associated with concomitant dysbiosis, antibacterial drugs are prescribed for 7-10 days (enteroseptol, intestopan 1 tablet 3 times a day, nevigramon 0.5 g 4 times a day, nitroxoline 0.05 g 4 times per day or Biseptol-480, 2 tablets 2 times a day).
For increased gas formation, it is prescribed Activated carbon 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day, infusion of peppermint leaf, chamomile flowers.
For patients with atonic variants of impaired intestinal motor function, it is advisable to prescribe Raglan (cerucal) 0.01 g 3 times a day; for spastic forms of impaired motor function - anticholinergic and antispasmodics(no-spa 0.04 g 4 times a day, papaverine hydrochloride 0.04 g 3-4 times a day, platiphylline hydrotartrate 0.005 g 3 times a day, metacin 0.002 g 2 times a day).

For watery diarrhea of various origins, imodium 0.002 g 2 times a day can be used as a symptomatic remedy.
In order to increase the body's reactivity, aloe extract (1 ml/day, 10-15 injections) and pelloidin (orally 40-50 ml 2 times a day 1-2 hours before meals) are prescribed under the skin.
Important in complex therapy Physiotherapy plays a role in chronic colitis. Electrophoresis with analgesics, calcium chloride and zinc sulfate is recommended. Diadynamic currents and amplipulse therapy are indicated for patients with hypomotor variants of colitis.
For proctosigmoiditis, microenemas with anti-inflammatory properties are prescribed (chamomile, tannin, protargol), for proctitis - suppositories (Anestezol, Neoanuzol, etc.).
After discharge from the hospital, it is recommended to take probiotics - bificol or colibacterin 5 doses 3 times a day for 1 month, decoctions and infusions medicinal plants. For example, for colitis with predominance, the following herbs are used: a) chamomile, buckthorn bark, parsley;
b) calendula, oregano, senna leaf.
If diarrhea predominates:
a) alder fruits, mint, rose hips;
b) sage, St. John's wort, nettle, bird cherry;
c) flax seed, blueberries, cinquefoil, dill.
The components of each collection should be mixed in equal quantities, pour 2 tablespoons of the mixture into 250 ml of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes (preferably in a thermos). Strain and take in the morning on an empty stomach and at night before bed. Each fee is accepted within a month, sequentially. Courses can be repeated 2 times a year.
The ability to work of patients with moderate and severe forms of chronic colitis, especially those accompanied by diarrhea, is limited. They are not shown types of work associated with the inability to maintain a diet or frequent business trips. Sanatorium-resort treatment is indicated in specialized balneological sanatoriums (Borjomi, Jermuk, Druskininkai, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Truskavets).
Psychotherapeutic methods of treatment play an important role in therapy; group and individual psychotherapy are recommended.

Colitis is a general term that refers to inflammatory-dystrophic lesions of the large intestine. Most often we are talking about pancolitis, in which the large intestine is affected along its entire length, but the development of a pathological process in any one of its sections is possible. The most common forms of chronic colitis are proctitis and proctosigmoiditis.

Typically, chronic colitis develops as a result of a combination of several etiological factors, but sometimes the cause of the disease cannot be determined.

Symptoms of chronic colitis

The main symptom of chronic colitis is dull, aching, cramping pain along the intestines.

Common symptom, accompanying chronic colitis - dull, aching or cramping pain in the abdomen, localized in its lateral or lower parts, sometimes without clear localization. The intensity of pain usually intensifies after eating or before defecation and may be relieved after it, the passage of gas or after a cleansing enema. Often, patients experience flatulence due to impaired digestion of food.

The main symptom of exacerbation of the disease is stool disturbances, most often manifested by diarrhea (from 3 to 15 times a day) or constipation. There are often cases when alternation of these states is observed. Patients complain of a feeling of insufficient bowel movement, and during bowel movements a small amount of mushy feces with mucus is released. Often, an exacerbation of the process is manifested by the appearance of a false urge to defecate, accompanied by the passage of gases with individual lumps of feces or mucus streaked with blood.

Patients with chronic colitis often complain of dyspeptic disorders, such as loss of appetite, belching, nausea, and a bitter taste in the mouth. With long-term colitis, patients may lose weight.

The general condition of patients with chronic colitis usually remains satisfactory, but in severe cases, malaise, general weakness, and decreased ability to work may occur.

Treatment of chronic colitis

Exacerbation of the disease most often requires hospital treatment.

In the first days of an exacerbation, fasting is recommended. Then the patient is prescribed therapeutic diet No. 4, which spares the affected intestinal walls from mechanical and chemical influences, and is also aimed at preventing the occurrence of fermentation processes in the intestines. Meals should be small, 6–7 times a day; it is recommended to chew food thoroughly or pre-grind the food.

It is recommended to eat stale white bread or crackers made from it, slimy soups, meat, poultry and low-fat fish in the form of souffles, meatballs, steamed cutlets. Vegetables can only be eaten boiled, preferably pureed or mashed; cereal porridges are recommended to be boiled in water. As for fruits, only pureed raw apples are allowed to be eaten. Teas, weak coffee without added milk, fruit and berry juices (except grape, plum and apricot), jelly, rosehip and blackcurrant decoctions are recommended.

All except those mentioned above are excluded from the diet. flour products, smoked, spicy, pickled, salted, fatty meats, poultry and fish, milk and dairy products, millet, pearl barley and barley porridge. You should not eat fresh vegetables and fruits, sweets, or carbonated drinks.

During the period of exacerbation drug therapy includes appointment antibacterial drugs wide range actions to suppress pathogenic intestinal flora, since in the vast majority of cases the disease is accompanied by dysbiosis.

After the course antibacterial therapy it is necessary to carry out treatment aimed at recovery normal microflora intestines. For this purpose, drugs containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are prescribed (Bifidumbacterin, Bifikol, Linex, Acipol, Normoflorin).

Vitamin therapy for exacerbation of chronic colitis is carried out parenterally, patients are prescribed B vitamins, ascorbic acid. In the future, a course intake is recommended multivitamin preparations(Biomax, Alphabet, Vitrum).

To treat diarrhea, patients are prescribed coatings and astringents. Plant infusions and decoctions containing tannins are widely used (decoctions of cinquefoil rhizomes, serpentine, infusion of alder cones, bird cherry and blueberry fruits). When the lower parts of the large intestine are affected (proctosigmoiditis, proctitis), astringents are useful to use in the form of medicinal enemas (chamomile, protargolovye) or microenemas (suspension of bismuth nitrate).

If colitis occurs with constipation, then it is recommended to increase the amount of foods rich in plant fiber (mashed vegetables and fruits) in the diet. Useful for colon atony physiotherapy, abdominal massage, herbal laxatives.

Patients who are concerned about flatulence are prescribed activated charcoal, an infusion of peppermint leaves, or a decoction of chamomile.

Purpose enzyme preparations(Mezim, Creon, Pancreatin) is necessary in case of food digestion problems. Most often, these drugs are prescribed for chronic colitis accompanied by secretory insufficiency of the pancreas, stomach or enteritis.

Physiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of chronic colitis. Patients are prescribed intestinal douches, diathermy, and mud applications. Very popular Spa treatment at the resorts of Essentuki, Druskininkai and Zheleznovodsk.

Prevention of the development of chronic colitis, as well as its exacerbation, comes down to timely and correct treatment of acute infectious intestinal diseases and helminthiases. It is necessary to adhere to a nutritional regime and a complete rational diet.

Which doctor should I contact?

To restore the normal composition of intestinal microflora, probiotics can be prescribed to patients with chronic colitis.

Chronic colitis is treated by a gastroenterologist. A consultation with a nutritionist will also help. In the diagnosis of colitis, the role of the endoscopist is important.

Inflammatory processes in the digestive organs can have different degrees progression and require in various ways treatment. Due to illness, a person gives up his usual lifestyle, changes his diet and habits. Following the doctor's recommendations leads to a speedy recovery. But independent attempts at treatment or untimely consultation with a doctor can result in serious complications. IN gastrointestinal tract one of the most frequently inflamed organs is colon. Patients are often diagnosed with chronic intestinal colitis, which can last for a long time. Colitis is a common companion for the colon, so the disease is detected in almost half of the patients who consult a doctor.

Not timely treatment inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract can provoke chronic form diseases.

Description

You can often hear from patients that colitis is ordinary colic. But few people know that colic can be only one of the symptoms. Inflammatory processes in the colon can be chronically accompanied by the small intestine, which complicates the treatment process. Dystrophic processes occurring in the walls of the intestinal environment can subsequently cause atrophy of the mucous membrane, while its functioning is completely disrupted. Patients suffer from constipation or diarrhea, severe pain, and dysbacteriosis may appear.

Chronically, the disease occurs in females at both 20 and 60 years of age, and in males - a little later (40-60 years). The development of chronic colitis is more typical for males. Childhood

does not fall into the risk zone. Chronic colitis of the colon belongs to ICD 10.

Causes

The development of chronic intestinal colitis is influenced by many factors. Most often the reasons may be:

Depending on the cause, according to the ICD, the following types of disease are distinguished:
allergic manifestation;
infectious;
nutritional;
toxic types;
ischemic;
radial;

combined.

Classification There are several classifications of chronic manifestations of colitis, differing in different characteristics. First of all, important role plays character clinical course

Therefore, a period of exacerbation and a stage of remission are distinguished. According to the nature of the damage to the colon, there are:
segmental, in which a specific part of the intestine is chronically affected;

total, which is characterized by damage to the entire intestine. The disease may be varying degrees

gravity

Depending on the severity of the disease, mild, moderate and severe stages are distinguished. Often, motor or digestive functioning is impaired along with this. In turn, motor function can be chronically impaired in the form of hyperdynamic, hypodynamic or mixed type. During the period of impaired digestive function, the patient experiences purulent formations or the fermentation process begins, leading to dyspepsia. Character also plays an important role. morphological changes

. According to this parameter, the following are distinguished:
chronic catarrhal form;
ulcerative type of colitis;
erosive appearance;
atrophic form;

Symptoms

In patients with a chronic form of colitis, remission can often be replaced by exacerbations and vice versa. During the period of remission, the symptoms of chronic colitis do not particularly manifest themselves, and because of this, people turn to a specialist only during the acute period. Symptoms of chronic colitis are pronounced, nonspecific:

Sometimes patients may experience asthenoneurotic syndromes, accompanied by general weakness body, increased fatigue. Due to mood swings, insomnia and headaches, a person’s lifestyle is chronically disrupted.

Anemia and hypovitaminosis can occur chronically due to impaired absorption. As a result, the patient’s skin becomes pale, hair begins to fall out, nails break, and taste buds are disrupted. But most often, such syndromes develop due to a long-term chronic form of colitis, because in parallel to the disease inflammatory processes are added to the.

small intestine

Diagnostics To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor needs to carry out comprehensive examination patient. First of all, the patient’s history is studied, the presence of inflammatory processes in the past. A person suffering from colitis should tell in detail about all the signs that worry him. This will help the doctor choose an effective.

medical complex

Blood test - included in the examination complex for diagnosing the disease Next, the doctor refers patients with chronic manifestations colitis for tests. This includes general and biochemical analysis

blood, general stool analysis (inflammation is indicated by increased calprotectin). After the tests, the patient needs to undergo an x-ray examination, which shows the pathologies occurring in the body. To do this, an enema is used, with which a special substance is introduced into the anus.

At the next stage, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are performed. In some cases, the gastroenterologist can compare the results obtained with similar diseases. Differential research helps to assess the accuracy of the diagnosis.

Treatment

During treatment you will need to follow a diet In patients with inflamed bowel There is a special treatment complex. Non-ulcerative inactive colitis should not be treated independently to avoid complications. First of all, an important point is the diet for chronic intestinal colitis. Patients with this disease are prescribed 4. Concentrated juices, fried foods, fatty meats, and bran bread. To achieve a speedy recovery, the patient needs to take the main dietary table, which includes puree soup, boiled chicken(without skin), lamb.

Porridges and soups are cooked only with milk, vegetables are ground, and fruits are baked. If you have colitis, you need to eat five meals a day, and the portions should be small. Every morning on an empty stomach the patient drinks a glass of warm boiled water

. Food should be not hot, warm, so as not to burn the inflamed mucous membrane. Drug treatment may have different manifestations

, it all depends on the causes of the disease. When a patient is diagnosed with acute pain, the doctor recommends taking antibiotics. In addition, to improve intestinal function and combat dysbiosis, Hilak Forte, activated carbon, Lactrofiltrum, and Regidron saline solution are prescribed.

Chronic colitis is a long-term inflammatory process in the large intestine.

Symptoms of chronic colitis are present in 50% of patients who come to see a gastroenterologist. Statistics of requests confirm the established fact that the male population suffers more often at the age of 40 and older, and in women, intestinal disease develops already at 20. Children practically do not get sick with this form of colitis.

What causes the disease

To treat intestinal disease, it is necessary to identify the causes and, if possible, eliminate them. Main reasons:
long-term effects of medications (laxatives, antibiotics, sulfonamides are absorbed in the intestines, excessive exposure can disrupt the flora and cause inflammation);
any nutritional disorder: addiction to alcohol, frequent consumption of fried and smoked meat, long-term starvation diets and overeating;
chronic occupational poisoning with metal compounds, mercury, arsenic; damage to the integrity of the intestine or disruption of its blood supply due to injury abdominal cavity
, surgical interventions;
intestinal atony in old age;
toxic substances released during the development of kidney failure, liver failure, gout; food and medicinal;
allergic reactions
deterioration of blood supply to the intestines with severe atherosclerosis or thrombosis of mesenteric vessels;

malformations and intestinal structure.

Conditions for exacerbation of chronic colitis

The disease occurs with periods of exacerbation and remission. Treatment of chronic colitis differs during these periods. Exacerbations are caused by:
general decrease in immunity after infectious diseases;
lack of vegetables and fruits in the daily diet;
transferred low-calorie diets;
drinking alcohol.

Symptoms of colitis often occur secondaryly, against the background of existing other lesions of the digestive organs (gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis).

Symptoms of chronic colitis

Symptoms of exacerbation are characterized by:

prolonged dull pain after eating, shaking in transport, stressful situations;
changes in stool (alternating constipation and diarrhea);
bloating and rumbling stomach;
tenesmus (futile urge to defecate);
discharge of mucus from the rectum during bowel movements;
nausea, frequent belching;
bitterness in the mouth in the morning;
general weakness, malaise:
sleep disturbance.

All disorders are associated with the failure of the large intestine to perform the absorption function essential vitamins, microelements, protein, which affects metabolic processes in the body. During periods of remission, symptoms of intestinal damage are mild and disappear quickly.

Symptoms of major complications

Complications are caused in the fibrinous and ulcerative stage pathological changes when there is damage to the muscular layer of the intestine. Special attention call:

Perforation of the ulcer, in which feces enter the peritoneum, acute peritonitis develops. A patient with chronic colitis experiences severe pain in the abdominal area, bloating and tension in the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. The general condition suffers: pallor, chills with high fever, dry tongue with a coating, severe weakness.
Gangrene of areas of the colon - occurs due to thrombosis or as a result of prolonged ischemia of the mesenteric vessels. The clinic is dominated by pain, high fever, and increasing weakness. Blood pressure decreases.
Infection from the large intestine can spread with blood to other organs and cause: general sepsis, abscess of the liver or subhepatic space, chronic pyelonephritis. Symptoms include pain in the right hypochondrium, fever, lower back pain, and frequent painful urination.
When blood vessels are destroyed by an ulcer developing deeper, intestinal bleeding occurs: blood in feces, loose stool, general weakness.

Treatment problems

Treatment of chronic colitis is difficult in the selection of medications. After all, they are necessary medications, which have maximum effect at the level of the large intestine and do not damage the stomach, duodenum and small intestine.

On the other hand, anti-inflammatory treatments can be performed locally through therapeutic enemas, since absorption through the rectum provides a good effect on the lower intestines and does not affect the stomach.

Particular attention is paid to the follow-up treatment of acute infectious colitis due to dysentery and various poisonings. Even with full recovery To ensure your well-being, blood and stool tests are necessary to ensure the absence of pathogenic intestinal bacteria. This is also necessary to eliminate bacterial carriage, when it is completely healthy man causes the spread of infection at work and in the family.

Basic treatment requirements

To combat possible reasons exacerbations and inflammation in the treatment of colitis the following are used:

strict regime changes;
constant restrictive diet;
medicines that destroy infection;
drugs that restore local immunity and intestinal flora;
antiallergic drugs;
Vitamin and mineral complexes are required.

Mode

Bed rest and hospitalization are required only for severe and complicated forms of the disease.

During periods of remission, an active life with occupation is recommended physical exercise non-force type. Exercises associated with increasing the tone of the abdominal muscles are contraindicated. Long walking, Pilates, and swimming are always recommended.

Alcohol consumption and smoking should be stopped. These habits will negate all other strict measures.

You will have to use any means to restore good night and tranquility: yoga classes, evening walks, warm soothing herbal teas with lemon balm and mint.

To improve blood supply to the intestines, it is not recommended to wear compressive underwear, a belt, or a corset. When intestinal prolapse, a special bandage is indicated. It does not compress the blood vessels, but helps reduce pain.

Restrictive diet

In case of exacerbation of colitis, fasting is indicated in the first day; this is the only way to ensure maximum rest for the intestines. It is recommended to drink liquids: herbal and green teas, rosehip decoction.

On the second day, you can eat often (up to six times), but in small portions. A diet for chronic colitis requires sparing the intestinal mucosa, so prepared dishes should not cause fermentation and rotting, or increase gas formation.

The diet includes low-fat soups, steamed meat and fish cutlets, and meatballs are made from chopped meat. Shown are liquid porridges boiled in water, pureed skim cheese, boiled vegetable puree, jelly.

The following should be excluded from the diet: fatty dairy products (cream, butter, sour cream, high-fat cottage cheese) and milk. All products prepared by frying and canning, salted foods, flour products with cream, sweets, vegetables that cause flatulence (cabbage, legumes, beets). Replace fresh fruits and berries with boiled ones (compote).

Gradually, white bread, raw pureed vegetables, fruits are allowed (grapes should be excluded forever, this also applies to figs and prunes if you are prone to diarrhea), hard cheese, a spoonful of butter.

For patients with chronic colitis, nutritionists recommend following a diet throughout their lives; slight relaxations are possible depending on how they feel.

How do medications help?

If the infectious nature of chronic colitis is established, short courses of antibiotics and sulfonamides have to be used. Their ability to cause dysbiosis is known; the doctor prescribes a minimally short course, taking into account the sensitivity of the infectious pathogen.

In order to maximally cleanse the intestines of toxins and waste, inflammatory elements, it is recommended to take sorbents (activated carbon, Polysorb, Enterosgel).

Severe spasms in the intestines are eliminated by antispasmodics (No-spa, Platyfillin, Halidor).

If colitis is part of a common lesion with other digestive organs, then enzymes (Creon, Pancreatin, Festal) may be required.

Probiotics and prebiotics are essential for recovery bacterial composition intestines (Linex, Normobakt, Bifikol, Bifidumbacterin, Collibacterin).

Vitamins B, C, A, E help restore immunity and enhance the healing process of ulcers.

All drugs may have side effect, therefore only a doctor can prescribe them correctly.

Non-drug treatments

For chronic colitis, sanatorium-resort treatment is indicated. The best resorts For the treatment of the digestive organs, the sanatoriums of Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, and Kislovodsk are rightfully considered. In them, in addition to receiving mineral waters, baths, intestinal lavages, treatment with microenemas enriched with active biological substances are used.

Quite often it adds to health problems digestive system, or rather, problems in its work. The general condition of the body and the supply of nutrients to tissues and organs depend on the quality of its functioning. In our article we will try to get acquainted with one of the diseases of this system. Let's look at the types, symptoms and treatment of intestinal colitis.

What is colitis?

This disease is a consequence of the spread of the inflammatory process in the large intestine. Inflammation takes over the intestines. The process may involve either the entire colon or only a separate part of it. Chronic intestinal colitis occurs. Symptoms and treatment will depend on the spread of the inflammatory process and the involvement of other parts.

There are situations when problems begin simultaneously in the large and small intestines, then we can talk about a pathology such as enterocolitis.

Types of disease

Will directly depend on the form and type of disease. In medical circles, the following types of colitis are currently distinguished:

Chronic. It differs from other forms in its sluggish course, exacerbations occur periodically, they can be provoked by antibiotics, dietary errors or frequent stressful situations.
Ulcerative colitis usually ends with the appearance of ulcerative-necrotic disorders of the mucous membrane. Until now, the nature and causes of this form have been little studied, but it is believed that allergic reactions can cause it. If you exclude allergenic foods from the diet, the patient’s condition improves significantly.
Acute colitis will not allow itself to be ignored. Its manifestations always have a pronounced character. Often the culprits are staphylococci, salmonella and other microorganisms.
The atrophic form of colitis is divided into atonic and spastic depending on the causative factors.
Spastic colitis is also called spasmodic, as it occurs severe cramps, abdominal pain, stool upset. Doctors are of the opinion that provocateurs are stress, fatigue and nervous tension.
Erosive colitis is considered the initial stage of the development of ulcerative colitis, because the inflammatory process leads to the formation of ulcers.
It’s called superficial because all processes take place in the upper layer.
Catarrhal colitis is the initial manifestation of the disease. With strong immunity, the symptoms of the disease disappear on their own and special treatment not required.

Only a doctor can determine the type of disease and prescribe therapy.

Symptoms of colitis

Any form of the disease, if you do not pay due attention to its treatment, can become chronic. In this case, you can be sure that questions such as “symptoms, causes and treatment of intestinal colitis” will become constant companions of a person.

A frequent accompaniment of chronic colitis is dull, aching and cramping pain, which usually occurs in the lower or lateral abdomen. The pain may become worse after eating or before going to the toilet.

Other obvious symptoms of chronic colitis include:

Discharge of mucus with stool.
Blood streaks may appear.
Sheep feces
Constipation and diarrhea alternate.
General weakness.
Attacks of nausea and vomiting may occur.
Body temperature periodically rises.
Blood pressure jumps in the direction of increase.
An unpleasant belching appears.
Bloating.
A bitter taste may appear in the mouth.
If the disease progresses long time, then the patient loses weight.

These are the symptoms of chronic intestinal colitis, and treatment should only be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the general condition.

Causes of colitis development

A variety of factors can provoke an inflammatory process in the large intestine. For example, the acute form of the disease can be caused by:

Intestinal infection.
Taking antibiotics or other medications.
Error in nutrition.
Eating spicy food.
Alcohol.
Dysbacteriosis.

If the disease already has a chronic form, then an exacerbation can be provoked by:

Impaired blood supply to the intestinal walls.
Allergy to certain foods.
Poor nutrition.
Helminths.
Intoxication of the body.
Consumption of low-quality products.
Content large quantity preservatives in food.

All these reasons can easily cause intestinal colitis. We will discuss the symptoms and how to treat this disease below.

Diagnosis of the disease

After a visit to the doctor, the patient will be prescribed some tests that will allow a more accurate diagnosis:

Stool analysis. It will show whether the intestines are working properly and whether there is an intestinal infection in the body.
A general blood test is necessary to diagnose the patient’s general condition, and will also allow you to see the number of leukocytes and red blood cells. Their content can indicate the presence or absence of an inflammatory process, as well as the level of hemoglobin, which also affects general well-being.
The doctor may prescribe an ultrasound examination of the intestinal cavity.

After all the tests and research, a diagnosis is made and a course of treatment is prescribed.

Colitis therapy

Chronic colitis requires an integrated approach to its treatment. To cope with this disease, you must follow all the doctor’s recommendations.

Therapy may include the following areas:

Drug treatment.
Dieting.
The use of folk remedies.

It must be remembered that only in combination these methods will help cope with the disease and the patient will no longer be bothered by chronic intestinal colitis, the symptoms and signs of this disease will disappear.

Treatment of chronic colitis with drugs

If the exacerbation is caused intestinal infection, then the doctor will definitely prescribe antibiotics. The choice of drug will depend on the type of pathogen.

The following groups of drugs are most often used in the treatment of chronic colitis:

Antispasmodic drugs, for example "No-Shpa".
Intestinal antiseptics, these include “Furazolidone”, “Enterosgel”, “Smecta”.
Adsorbents, for example activated carbon, Laktofiltrum.
Antidiarrheals: Loperamide, Imodium.
Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as Sulfasalazine.

IN difficult situations Your doctor may prescribe glucocorticoid hormones. There are situations when it does not bring results and the patient only gets worse, then surgery is performed to remove a section of the colon.

Against colitis on your own

We looked at what colitis is (symptoms and treatment). Diet for colitis, however, should occupy one of the main places in the treatment of this disease.

If you visit a gastroenterologist, for this disease he will advise you to adhere to the fourth dietary table. His general recommendations are:

It is not recommended to consume freshly squeezed juices; it is better to replace them with fresh fruits.
Avoid meat, especially pork and beef.
It is not recommended to eat bran bread during treatment.
Remove fried foods from your diet.
It is forbidden to eat fresh salads from vegetables.
During therapy, food should be at room temperature, avoiding too cold or hot.
Eliminate hot spices and seasonings from your diet.
IN small quantity You can include chicken and lamb in the menu.
It is better to eat vegetables not raw, but to steam them.
Limit the consumption of animal fats; a little butter is allowed.
When treating colitis, food should be of a delicate consistency.
After waking up, before breakfast, you need to drink a glass of water, preferably boiled.

We looked at what chronic intestinal colitis is, symptoms and treatment. Diet in therapy should be an important step. Only then can you expect positive results.

Help of traditional medicine in treatment

There are always recipes in the healers' bins to get rid of many diseases. You already know how important the role is proper diet if exhibiting chronic colitis symptoms. And treatment with folk remedies cannot be left aside; it may well help. Here are some recipes:

Pour 10 grams of quince seeds into 1 liter of water and leave for 8-10 hours. It is recommended to take 100 ml 3-4 times a day.
1 tsp. pour a glass of hot milk over chicory, leave for half an hour and drink a quarter glass 4 times a day.
Take 3 tablespoons of blueberry berries and leaves and brew in 600 ml of boiling water, leave for 8 hours and take a glass 3 times a day.
2 tbsp. Infuse 1 liter of sage in 400 ml of boiling water and drink half a glass before each meal.
For 1 part alder cones, take 5 parts water, leave for 14 days in the dark. Take half a teaspoon 4 times a day.
Oats can be used for treatment. Pour 100 grams of flakes cold water and leave for 3 hours, then add a liter hot water and cook until thickened. This jelly should be taken before meals.
If chronic intestinal colitis acutely manifests symptoms, treatment with alcohol tincture of propolis can help; it is carried out as follows: take 30 drops of 10% tincture half an hour before meals. You can dilute the drops in water or milk.

These recipes will be a good help in drug treatment colitis

Herbal remedies against chronic colitis

We looked at chronic intestinal colitis, symptoms and treatment with diet and medication. But there are also some medicinal herbs, infusions and decoctions of which will help overcome the disease.

Recipe 1

Take in equal proportions the serpentine (root), burnet rhizome, St. John's wort herb, calendula flowers and pharmaceutical chamomile, yarrow. Prepare an infusion from a teaspoon of the mixture and 0.5 liters of water and drink warm before meals 3 times a day.

Recipe 2

You can make a cocktail from medicinal herbs, or rather, from tinctures. You need to take 20 ml of tincture of peony, hawthorn, mint, calendula, motherwort, 30 ml of valerian and 5 ml of belladonna. A single dosage per dose is from 1 to 8 drops 10 minutes before meals 3-4 times a day.

Recipe 3

If the disease is accompanied by constipation, then medicinal collection herbs must be supplemented with oregano, dill seeds, and immortelle flowers.

Thus, we have studied in detail how chronic intestinal colitis manifests symptoms. And treatment with diet, drugs and folk ways was also considered. It remains to be seen what ineffective therapy or an undertreated disease can lead to.

Consequences of colitis

If an exacerbation of chronic colitis has begun and the symptoms are too vivid, then treatment is best carried out in a hospital setting. Any form of colitis, if therapy is not taken seriously and all specialist recommendations are not followed, can lead to serious complications.

If you don't finish the treatment acute form disease, the patient can expect:

Nephritis.
Dysglycemic syndrome.
Cardiovascular failure.
Intoxication of the whole body.
Dehydration.
Hypochloremia.

If chronic colitis of the large intestine clearly shows symptoms, treatment should be serious and comprehensive, otherwise everything may end in even more serious consequences, for example:

Degeneration into oncology.
Liver or intramural abscess.
Intestinal polyps.
Pancreatitis.
Pylephlebitis of the portal vein.

Everyone is familiar with these pathologies and knows about their seriousness, so denying timely treatment is simply stupid and frivolous in relation to your health.

Disease prevention

It is much easier to prevent the development of inflammatory processes in the large intestine than to suffer from the consequences for a long time. Prevention of colitis is as follows:

Treat the acute form of the disease in a timely manner.
Stick to a diet.
Visit the dentist regularly to examine the oral cavity and timely sanitation.
Lead a healthy lifestyle.
Try to eliminate foods containing chemical additives from your diet.
Eat regular meals, preferably at least 3 times a day, and take most of your meals during breakfast.
For development intestinal microflora eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.
Stop drinking alcoholic beverages.

Wash your hands more often and thoroughly.

Drink only boiled water.
Do not eat vegetables and fruits without first peeling and washing them thoroughly.
When swimming, do not swallow water.
Get rid of bad habits, for example, biting nails or any other objects.
Be careful with close contacts with people you don’t know: don’t drink from the same bottle, don’t eat with the same spoon.