Treat acute tonsillitis in an adult. Treatment regimens for chronic tonsillitis in adults. Types of inflammation of the tonsils

Disease infectious nature affecting the soft tissues of the tonsils. This problem can appear at any age. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, complications may occur, for example, problems with the heart, joints, and blood vessels. That is why, at the first symptoms, you should immediately contact a specialist who will prescribe the correct and effective treatment.

Symptoms

The inflammatory process can be chronic or acute. But each type has its accompanying characteristics. In particular, the acute form of the disease develops with the following symptoms:

General weakness in the body.
An increase in temperature, sometimes to a critical point.
Chills.
Enlarged lymph nodes.
Feeling pain when swallowing.
General intoxication of the body, but moderate.
Inflammation of the soft tissues of the oral cavity.

Associated symptoms of the chronic form of the disease:

Pain when swallowing is intermittent, intermittent.
Perspiration in the throat.
Pain in the region of the submandibular lymph nodes.
At strong cough purulent plugs come out.
Pain in the region of the heart and joints.
A slight increase in body temperature - no more than 38 degrees.

If this process is not defeated, then the chronic form will be supplemented by scars on the tissues of the tonsils, as well as closed purulent foci. This will create a favorable environment for the development and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. As a result, the inflammatory process will continue and the situation will only get worse.

In addition, it is possible to determine the signs of tonsillitis by the state of the tonsils. This important organ is the primary defense of any organism. The tonsils are the first to take the blow from pathogenic microorganisms. Due to their structure, they trap various viruses and microbes: staphylococci, streptococci, fungi, viruses and much more.

During the chronic form of the disease, the tonsils slightly increase in size, but the throat does not bother. Can be disturbing sometimes discomfort, and pain appear when swallowing, but infrequently.

Treatment

To get rid of the disease, it is necessary not only to eliminate the source of its occurrence. Together with therapy, the immune system should be supported, and, most importantly, the tonsils should be cleansed of bacteria and viruses.

In some situations, it is difficult to cope with this disease. This is due to the fact that microbes are constantly dying in the gaps. Thus, in this area going a large number of pus. The tonsils are not able to work as efficiently as before, and with any hypothermia, a draft, a person becomes ill. The purulent environment creates suitable conditions for the development of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result:

There is an unpleasant smell from the mouth.
As a result of infection in the body, other inflammatory processes develop. For example, cystitis worries or acne appears. Men suffer from prostatitis.
The temperature persists, but it is not high, so the patient feels weak, he has a bad mood and apathy for everything.
Efficiency and physical activity are also reduced, because these bacteria and viruses leave their waste products, as a result of which the inflammatory process develops rapidly.
As a result chronic tonsillitis joint problems can occur, most often rheumatism occurs. In addition, the kidneys also become inflamed, problems appear with other organs, for example, the heart, the respiratory system.
Reduced performance due to chronic illness immune system, so the patient is often concerned about various allergic reactions.

Treatment of tonsillitis in adults at home is allowed, but this will take a long time. Not only that, in order to speed up the healing process, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system and do not forget to get rid of the microbes that have gathered in the tonsils.

Among the main methods of treating tonsillitis, experts distinguish the following:

rinsing;
washing;
sprays;
physiotherapy;
surgical intervention;
cryotherapy.

Rinsing

There are many recipes that are used as therapy against the disease. These are rinses based on medicinal herbs, the most effective of which are the following:

Washes and sprays

Without such methods, it is impossible to fully get rid of the disease. It is necessary to clean the damaged areas and treat them with a spray, as long as the instructions allow. To clean the tonsils and soft tissues, special antiseptic agents are used. Such a fight against tonsillitis in an adult helps to remove the film and purulent plugs if the situation has become very aggravated.

Washing allows you to clean the surface of the tonsils from pus and provide access to the drug to deeper areas of infection: where pathogenic microbes multiply. In addition, the doctor also prescribes sprays for irrigating the throat. They include active ingredients that:

They relieve pain due to the fact that they contain an anesthetic.
Soothe inflammation and irritation.

Physiotherapy

Specialists prescribe not only conservative therapy. Getting rid of the patient from inflammation is carried out with the help of physiotherapy. There are several methods of treatment:

With the help of electric or light waves. Thus, there is an effect on surface bacteria.
Ultrasound procedures allow you to get rid of the film and purulent plugs that form on the surface of the tonsils. In addition, this treatment option also removes necrotic masses.
Warm moist air along with antiseptic preparations helps fight the signs of tonsillitis. The inflammatory process is reduced, thick mucus is liquefied.

Surgery

The procedure is performed under anesthesia. Moreover, after it, the patient must stay in the hospital for some time, under the supervision of a doctor in order to avoid bleeding.

If the disease is at the stage of exacerbation, then surgery is not recommended.

Cryotherapy

This is the treatment option that can push the operation to the last place. The procedure involves only partial removal of the tonsils, namely, the top layer of affected cells. They will recover in the future and will function properly. This is the essence of cryotherapy. In most cases, this procedure involves exposure to nitrogen. Low temperature freezes tissues and they gradually die.

The treatment of chronic tonsillitis differs from the treatment of the acute form of the disease - tonsillitis. It often occurs in connection with a decrease in the immune system, frequent hypothermia, severe overwork or colds. Its causative agents can be viruses, bacterial or non-specific infections, acute leukemia etc. The chronic process takes a long time in the palatine tonsils and in most cases develops as a result of ineffective or incomplete therapy of acute tonsillitis.

The main differences between these forms of pathology are the symptoms and the degree of their manifestation. In an acute course, the signs of the disease are pronounced. Patients quickly and significantly increase body temperature (up to 41 ° C), they complain of headache, lack of appetite, malaise and general weakness, pain syndrome in the throat and joints. They have an increase in lymph nodes and tonsils, as well as the formation of purulent plaque and plugs on the second and their staining in red.

The chronic course of tonsillitis is characterized by a sluggish inflammatory process in the throat, with periods of remission and exacerbation. A significant increase in body temperature, as well as purulent plugs, are extremely rare. hallmark This type of pathology is nasal congestion, which never occurs with angina.

Diagnostics and selection effective treatment chronic tonsillitis in adults is carried out by an otolaryngologist, in children - by a pediatrician or pediatric ENT. May apply conservative methods therapy, in extreme cases - the removal of the tonsils. Self-treatment at home folk remedies without consulting a doctor is not recommended.

Causes, types and symptoms of chronic tonsillitis

Made up of lymphoid tissue, the palatine tonsils are part of the body's overall immune system. Their main function is to protect against infectious agents that enter the throat.

The human microflora consists of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms that are in a state of balance due to common work all parts of the immune system. If this balance is disturbed and pathogenic organisms penetrate, bacteria, fungi or viruses are destroyed through the tension of local immunity. Lymphoid tissues with a general decrease in the body's resistance, the presence of a large number pathogenic flora and frequent stress of immunity do not produce enough gamma globulins, lymphocytes and interferons to resist infectious agents.

Chronic inflammation is dangerous because the body is constantly present with a focus of infection, which contributes to the occurrence of severe violations of the work. various organs and systems.

Prolonged and / or frequent inflammatory processes in the pharynx lead to the palatine tonsils losing their ability to cleanse tissues and resist pathogenic flora, thereby turning into a focus of infection and leading to the development of chronic tonsillitis. The presence of reservoirs (lacunae) of the accumulation of various microorganisms and epithelial cells makes them most susceptible to the chronic course of inflammation.

Inflammation can be caused by damage to adenoviruses, staphylococci, enterococci, green or hemolytic streptococcus. Also, the disease can be associated with the activation of non-pathogenic saprophytic flora of the upper respiratory tract against the background of a violation of the protective and adaptive mechanisms of the body. In this case, chronic tonsillitis is referred to as a disease caused by autoinfection.

The factors leading to the occurrence of pathology include:

untreated angina;
anatomical, topographic and histological features of the palatine tonsils;
presence of vegetation conditions in microflora crypts;
adenoiditis, sinusitis or sinusitis of a purulent course, as well as inflammatory processes and pathologies of the structure of the nasal passages, leading to impaired nasal breathing;
gingivitis, caries and other foci of accumulation of pathogens in the oral cavity;
recently transferred scarlet fever, measles, the presence of tuberculosis and other infections at the current time;
hereditary predisposition;
monotonous or insufficient nutrition, lack of minerals and vitamins in the diet;
low fluid intake;
prolonged hypothermia, frequent and sharp drops ambient temperature;
depression, mental exhaustion, expressed psycho-emotional overstrain;
gas content, presence harmful substances in the air;
alcohol abuse, smoking.

There are the following types of chronic tonsillitis, depending on general reaction organism, the frequency of exacerbations and the nature of the course of the disease:

toxic-allergic;
simple recurrent, with frequent acute tonsillitis;
simple protracted, with a constant sluggish inflammatory process;
simple compensated, with rare relapses and long periods of remission.

Toxic-allergic tonsillitis has two varieties. Against the background of the first in the patient functional disorders organs and systems are not observed. At the same time, allergization and intoxication of the body increase, manifested by pain in the joints and in the region of the heart, increased fatigue and hyperthermia. Against the background of the second, violations of cardiac activity, inflammatory processes in the liver, kidneys, organs of the genitourinary system and joints are revealed.

Common signs of a chronic course of the disease are:

frequent exacerbations of tonsillitis during hypothermia, starvation, overwork, bacterial or viral infection (for example, with a simple form - from 3 to 5 times a year);
foreign body sensation and pain when swallowing;
dryness of the mucous membrane of the pharynx;
periodic, and in the toxic-allergic form of the second type - a constant increase in body temperature up to 37.5 ° C;
bad breath;
soreness and an increase in the size of the mandibular lymph nodes;
decreased body resistance, headache, general fatigue;
lacunar plugs, thickening, hyperemia and swelling of the tonsils and palatine arches.

Tonsillitis as a disease is more typical for children age period, although it is often observed in adults, differing in the predominance of local symptoms over common features illness. Chronic tonsillar symptom in adulthood is most often the result of self-treatment of angina or adenovirus infection at home.

In elderly patients, there is a natural process of reducing the total volume of lymphoid tissues and a decrease in the concentration of immunocompetent cells. Because of this, both acute and chronic forms of pathology proceed with erased symptoms. In the clinical picture, general intoxication of the body and prolonged hyperemia in the subfebrile range are often noted, and severe pain and febrile body temperature (37.1–38.0 °C), on the contrary, are extremely rare.

Chronic inflammation is dangerous because there is always a source of infection in the body, which contributes to the occurrence of severe disorders in the work of various organs and systems. Often, patients develop the consequences of a rheumatic nature - inflammatory lesions of the skin of the rheumatic type, rheumatic fever with lesions nervous system, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic heart disease. Factors contributing to the appearance of rheumatism include:

the influence of toxins that secrete pathogenic microorganisms, on cardiac tissue;
similarity of antigens human body those that are secreted by some strains of streptococci.

Diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis

To make a diagnosis, the otolaryngologist pays attention to local and systemic symptoms, collects an anamnesis, analyzes the patient's complaints and general clinical picture diseases. Since objective and subjective manifestations of pathology are not always detected simultaneously, both the cumulative assessment of all symptoms and the clinical significance of each of them are important. If necessary, a photo of the throat is taken to confirm the diagnosis and control therapy.

The diagnosis carried out during an exacerbation is unreliable, since in this state all complaints and signs will indicate the severity of the process, and not its chronic course. The most reliable signs of chronic tonsillitis include purulent content in the crypts of the tonsils and anamnesis data indicating frequent tonsillitis.

How to treat chronic tonsillitis

With the exacerbation of the disease develops acute process- angina, which is accompanied by such manifestations as:

severe swelling and redness of both the tonsils and palatine arches;
a sharp increase in body temperature;
general intoxication of the body - weakness, nausea, fever, headache, aching joints and muscles.

Patients also complain that they constantly have a sore throat. Treatment of chronic tonsillitis during exacerbation may vary depending on the individual characteristics of the patient and the cause of the pathology. In this regard, in order to differential diagnosis and the appointment of a course of therapy, consultation with an ENT is necessary. During the period of subsiding inflammation, the doctor may recommend hardening the body, regular physical exercise and proper nutrition.

Made up of lymphoid tissue, the palatine tonsils are part of the body's overall immune system. Their main function is to protect against infectious agents that enter the throat.

How to cure chronic tonsillitis once and for all? For this, conservative and surgical methods. The goals of the treatment are:

reduction or elimination of exacerbations;
reduction or elimination of pharyngoscope signs;
reduction or disappearance of toxic-allergic manifestations of the disease.

The form of pathology directly affects the tactics of treatment. So, with a simple form, conservative methods and physiotherapy can be used. The course lasts for 10 days and is repeated 2-3 times a year. If this technique is ineffective, they resort to the standard treatment for the disease - tonsillectomy.

In cases of toxic-allergic form of the first type, 1-2 courses are carried out conservative treatment. In the absence of a pronounced positive effect the tonsils are removed. In the second type of this form of pathology, only surgical intervention is used.

Conservative treatment

Conservative therapy should be comprehensive and include restorative treatment and methods local impact on the tonsils.

Almost all patients are advised to wash the tonsils. The procedure is carried out by alternately introducing a special thin cannula through each gap into the crypt. It is connected to a syringe and passes under pressure antiseptic solution, washing out the contents of the gaps. Antibiotics for this purpose are not recommended, since greater efficiency is not achieved from their use, but various side effects may develop. Usually 2-3 upper crypts are washed, but since they are connected with other crypts by their branches, many of them are drained and cleaned. In total, 10–15 procedures are carried out after 1 day, and after each of them, the surface of the tonsils is lubricated with a solution of Iodinol, Lugol or Collargol 5%.

Rinsing the mucous membrane of the pharynx or inhalation with antiseptics, squeezing out the contents of lacunae by means of a hook or suction is not desirable and is usually not practiced, since these methods are ineffective and traumatic.

ultraviolet irradiation: has an antimicrobial effect, stimulates local and general immunological processes, increases the barrier function and resistance of the tonsils. It is carried out by means of a special tube, it affects both the region of regional lymph nodes and directly on the tonsils. On average, patients are prescribed from 10 to 15 sessions;
UHF-therapy: through the impact on The lymph nodes and tonsil expands small blood vessels and provides a rush of blood to the site of inflammation. For the procedure, ultrasonic aerosols are used, which are directed to precipitate drugs on the mucous membrane of the tonsils (Humizol, Hydrocortisone, Dioxidine 1% solution, Lysozyme). Carry out from 8 to 12 procedures lasting 10-15 minutes every other day;
ozokerite and therapeutic mud in the form of applications: they have a hyposensitizing and anti-inflammatory effect. The materials are heated to 42–45 °C and applied externally for 15 minutes. The recommended course varies from 10 to 12 sessions.

It should be borne in mind that the appointment of physiotherapy is contraindicated in pregnancy, angina pectoris, decompensation of cardio-vascular system and oncological diseases.

The complex of conservative treatment also includes drug therapy. It is recommended to take drugs that increase the body's resistance, namely:

immunostimulants (Ribomunil, Imudon, IRS-19);
vitamins B, C, E, K;
biostimulants (Apilak);
immunocorrectors (Derinat, Polyoxidonium).

Surgical intervention

With the ineffectiveness of conservative methods of treatment, the presence of serious complications from internal organs or the transition of the disease to a decompensated form, the complete removal of the palatine tonsils is carried out along with the capsule adjacent to them.

However, not in all cases it is possible to perform tonsillectomy due to a number of contraindications, which include:

pulmonary tuberculosis in active form;
diseases of the hematopoietic system, accompanied by hemorrhagic diathesis, including hemophilia;
chronic kidney disease with severe renal failure;
severe degree diabetes, in the presence of ketonuria;
heart disease with symptoms of severe heart failure II-III degree.

Temporary contraindications to surgery are acute inflammatory diseases, including tonsillitis, the presence of carious teeth, the period of menstruation and the last weeks of pregnancy.

The operation is performed under local anesthesia with the possible use of intubation anesthesia if necessary. The patient is in a sitting position with the head thrown back. Removal can be performed by laser, cryodestruction or through excision. How to carry out a tonsillectomy is determined by the surgeon on an individual basis.

During the day after the intervention, patients are not recommended to talk, drink or eat. For the next 5-6 days, warm liquid food is preferable. Bed rest needed only for the first 48 hours.

Since the functions of the tonsils are associated with the immune defense of the body, after their removal, the mechanism of protection of the respiratory tract from infections is weakened. In most cases, the immune system functions normally without them, but it takes some time to rebuild.

It should be borne in mind that the appointment of physiotherapy is contraindicated in pregnancy, angina pectoris, decompensation of the cardiovascular system and oncological diseases.

According to reviews, the operation is not painful, and only in rare cases there are complications after it. Among them, they mainly indicate bleeding, temporary pain and discomfort in the throat, a slight increase in body temperature (up to 37.2 ºC) for a period of up to several weeks. If bleeding occurs, as well as an increase in body temperature to 38–39 ºC, it is recommended to consult a doctor, as this may indicate the development of an infectious process.

Chronic tonsillitis - serious illness, requiring a timely appeal to the ENT and the implementation of all his clinical recommendations.

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Chronic tonsillitis is the presence of inflammation in the tonsils, which long time does not pass. If the acute form of the disease is treated incorrectly or it is too late to start treatment of any infectious disease of the oral mucosa, the chronic stage develops.

Exacerbation of tonsillitis occurs against the background of any infection of the nasopharynx. Hypothermia, beriberi, allergic conditions can become a provoking factor.

The word tonsillitis with Latin translates as tonsils. The surface of these glands is inhabited by beneficial microorganisms that protect the throat from the penetration of foreign pathogens. In case of violation of the self-cleaning process, inflammation develops. The tonsils enlarge, cause pain, the temperature rises, and other symptoms of intoxication join.

The tonsils are paired structures located in the throat. In shape, they resemble a small oval, about 5 mm in size. Tonsils consist of lymphoid tissue, perform a protective function.

Chronic tonsillitis is a disease of infectious origin. The inflammatory focus periodically occurs in the tonsils. Microbes under favorable conditions enhance their growth and reproduction. During an exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, a person is considered contagious, the infection is transmitted most often by airborne droplets.

The reasons

The following diseases are considered the causes of tonsillitis:

decreased immunity as a result of infectious diseases (scarlet fever, influenza, measles);
pathological processes in the ENT organs: sinusitis, otitis media, adenoids;
diseases of the oral cavity (for example, caries, stomatitis);
not the last role is played by the hereditary factor.

A decrease in local and general immunity can occur as a result of malnutrition, the presence of bad habits, unfavorable environmental conditions, overwork and frequent stress.

Forms of the disease

Acute tonsillitis has several forms. It has the easiest course, and the most severe - a necrotic form of the course of the disease. There are also follicular and lacunar tonsillitis.

They talk about chronic tonsillitis when the symptoms of the disease return with any hypothermia or do not go away at all, but only reduce their intensity.

In medicine, the following types of tonsillitis are distinguished:

Compensated tonsillitis is accompanied by exacerbation of local manifestations. Disturbed by pain in the throat of varying intensity, the temperature rises periodically, the throat is constantly red, the lymph nodes of the neck are always enlarged.
Decompensated tonsillitis is characterized by the appearance of purulent foci. Effects inflammatory process interfere with other organs. Problems with the kidneys, heart, skin diseases. Begins to disturb tinnitus, dizziness.

According to the nature of the severity of the course of tonsillitis, a mild, moderate and severe form is also distinguished. The severity is determined by the general well-being of the patient and the severity of symptoms.

First signs

The first signs of tonsillitis are a rise in body temperature, muscle, joint, and headaches join. The patient feels general malaise, weakness, drowsiness.

The doctor, when examining the throat, can easily make the correct diagnosis, knowing what tonsillitis looks like. Tonsillitis can be suspected by outward signs tonsils:

tonsils look loose and compacted;
white is observed on the tonsils gray coating may be a clot of pus;
swollen uvula in the larynx;
the size of the tonsils is increased;
severe redness of the entire throat;
a chronic process is given out by scars and adhesions on the larynx;
cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, painful to the touch.

If you find one of these symptoms on your own, you need to seek the help of a specialist to start proper treatment and avoid complications.

Symptoms of chronic tonsillitis, photo of the throat in an adult

Chronic angina can be recognized by the following symptoms:

worried about perspiration and sore throat;
cough;
fever, often in the evening;
weakness, irritability;
there is a violation heart rate, breathing;
appears on the tongue and throat white coating, purulent formations can be found on the tonsils.

Additionally, the patient may feel pain and aches throughout the body. The functioning of the cardiac and genitourinary systems is disrupted, skin can be found allergic rash which is not treatable.

During the period of remission of the disease, the symptoms also persist, but reduce their intensity. There is discomfort in the throat, pains can disturb only in the mornings, small purulent accumulations can be observed on the tonsils.

Why are frequent exacerbations dangerous?

Immunity is reduced due to such adverse factors as stress, hypothermia, chronic fatigue, unbalanced diet, infectious diseases, taking drugs that suppress the immune system. As a result, chronic tonsillitis worsens again.

One of severe complications chronic tonsillitis is the development of an abscess. Treatment is carried out in a hospital under the supervision of doctors. At first, the body temperature rises, the tonsils swell and enlarge, the throat hurts. Gradually, the intensity of all manifestations increases, it is difficult for the patient to swallow saliva and food, sleep is disturbed, appetite decreases. It becomes difficult to open the mouth due to the increased tone of the jaw muscles.

Chronic tonsillitis is dangerous for other internal organs. The consequences of tonsillitis are:

arthritis, lupus erythematosus, rheumatism, scleroderma;
skin diseases appear: psoriasis, neurodermatitis, dermatitis;
diseases of the organs of vision;
pathological processes in the kidneys;
reproductive function suffers;
damage to the nervous system;
hemorrhagic vasculitis.

In order to prevent complications, you need to seek help from a specialist in time, who will prescribe the right treatment and select the appropriate dosage of drugs.

Diagnostics

Laboratory diagnostics allows you to determine the form of the course of tonsillitis, the stage of its development and the degree of spread of the infection. Treatment is carried out by an otolaryngologist, an infectious disease specialist, and if pathological process other organs are involved, narrow specialists. Diagnostic methods:

Pharyngoscopy involves a visual examination of the condition of the tonsils with the help of special medical instruments.
You need to take a blood test. During acute course disease, there is an increase in the entire leukocyte formula. With tonsillitis in the chronic stage, one indicator rises.
Bacterial culture of discharge from the tonsils allows you to determine the pathogen and their sensitivity to certain groups of antibiotics.

On the mucous membrane of the tonsils, loosening, redness, the presence of purulent accumulations, adhesions and scars can be detected. During an exacerbation, the throat looks swollen, inflamed, red, the tonsils are enlarged, and there is a white or gray coating. Violation of nasal breathing only worsens the general well-being of the patient.

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis in adults

There are many ways to treat tonsillitis in an adult. These can be various groups of drugs, physiotherapy courses, compositions from traditional medicine. In severe cases, surgery is performed.

To cure chronic tonsillitis forever is difficult, but possible. In the days of exacerbation, it is necessary to carry out the correct and complete antibiotic therapy. Such treatment, carried out regularly during the appearance of a sore throat, will get rid of the inflammatory focus in the tonsils.

Of the antibiotics, Azithromycin, Klacid, Flemoxin, Amoxiclav, Ceftriaxone are often prescribed. Reduce the area of edema and help antihistamines, for example, Zirtek, Loratadin, Suprastin. With severe pain, you can not do without painkillers.

Any therapy should be accompanied by the intake of vitamin-mineral complexes and immunomodulators. They will help get rid of the acute course of tonsillitis and prolong the period of remission.

If this does not help restore the work of the tonsils, they have to be removed. There are other indications for the operation.

Topical remedies and preparations for adults

Therapeutic therapy is not complete without the use of local medicines that will help get rid of tonsillitis forever. It is effective to rinse, lubricate and rinse the throat with solutions. Preparations:

In chronic tonsillitis, gargling is carried out with anti-inflammatory drugs such as Miramistin, Rotokan, Furacilin, Chlorhexidine. They are prescribed by a doctor. Help herbal decoctions and infusions.
Sprays for the treatment of the throat and tablets intended for resorption: Geksoral, Kameton, Bioparox, Stopangin, Grammidin, Strepsils.
Effective lubrication of the tonsils with an oily solution of Chlorophyllipt, Iodinol, Lugol, Kollargol.

The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor and in most cases is 7-8 days.

How to gargle?

An effective way to treat chronic tonsillitis in adults is to gargle with medicinal compounds. The procedure allows you to wash out pathogens from the surface of the throat, preventing them from multiplying further. As a result, the healing process is accelerated. The components of many drugs soften the sore throat, reduce the manifestation of pain, and eliminate swelling. Gargle solutions can be made from the following preparations:

Miramistin.
Rotokan.
Lugol solution.
Soda solution.
Iodine solution.
A decoction of chamomile.

In addition to rinsing, inhalations are also considered useful. They can be carried out with agents such as Chlorhexidine, Furacilin.

Physiotherapy

In addition to washing procedures, chronic tonsillitis can be treated in other ways. Physiotherapy sessions with frequent tonsillitis in a patient are carried out only in remission, when there are no acute symptoms illness. They are prescribed in courses of 10-14 procedures.

Electrophoresis.
Magnetotherapy.
Laser therapy.
UV irradiation.
ultrasonic impact.

All these physiotherapy procedures improve blood circulation in the tonsils, reduce and eliminate pain. Therapeutic therapy for chronic tonsillitis is also allowed to be carried out at home with the help of compresses from cotton wool soaked in vodka and rubbing with pharmaceutical warming compounds.

Tonsil removal

If other methods of dealing with angina do not help, a decision may be made to remove the tonsils. Surgical intervention is carried out in extreme cases, when the condition worsens against the background medical therapy(an abscess, sepsis appears, malignant formations develop).

There are two types of removal of palatine tonsils: tonsillotomy - partial removal and tonsillectomy - complete removal of inflamed tonsils.

Laser removal, a popular tonsillectomy technique

Before deciding on surgical removal, the doctor assesses the condition of the tonsils and the general well-being of the patient. Tonsillectomy (surgery) is one treatment option for chronic tonsillitis.

Removal of the tonsils with a laser should be carried out only in cases where the patient often (more than 4-5 times a year), antibiotics and physiotherapy do not lead to a long and stable remission, complications have appeared, there is a rheumatic disease, breathing and swallowing are disturbed.

The operation is performed under local anesthesia. The tonsils are grasped with forceps and gradually detached from the tissues with a laser. The advantages of the procedure are the absence of bleeding, the operation lasts about 25 minutes, short recovery period the risk of infection is minimal.

If the patient has large tonsil lacunae, then they are dissipated with a laser. This will prevent further accumulation of purulent masses and improve blood flow.

Folk remedies

At home, the treatment of chronic tonsillitis can be carried out with folk remedies:

It is useful to gargle with a solution of baking soda, table salt and a few drops of iodine.
For rinsing and ingestion, a decoction is prepared from calendula flowers, sage, eucalyptus leaves, chamomile.
Gargling with lemon or beetroot juice, which is diluted with water, helps.
A mixture for resorption of propolis and butter helps.
An infusion of garlic juice, chopped lemon zest is considered effective.

The components of all these recipes help to cope with the disease of an infectious nature.

Prevention

Prevention of the development of tonsillitis in adults is aimed at reducing the risk of meeting with adverse causes and factors that provoke the disease. Prevention methods:

During colds, you need to take vitamin and mineral complexes and antiviral drugs, wear gauze bandage and visit crowded places as little as possible.
It is useful to do gymnastics, hardening, you need to be in nature as often as possible. The diet should include foods rich in vitamins. It is necessary to exclude spicy, fried, sweet foods.

It is essential to take care of your oral health. You need to brush your teeth in the morning and in the evening, and rinse after each meal. oral cavity special solutions or ordinary water. This allows you to get rid of the bacteria that cause the infection.
In the apartment you need to regularly carry out wet cleaning, ventilate the room.
Hypothermia should be avoided, the throat should be kept warm, and the draft should not be allowed.

All these actions will help strengthen the immune system and reduce the number of relapses of exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. In the event of the first signs of the disease, treatment should be started, which will be prescribed by the doctor.

The reason for the appearance of tonsillitis in a chronic form lies in the constant presence of a bacterial infection. Microbes infect the organ that is responsible for the protective function - the tonsils, and thereby reduce the resistance of the whole organism, constantly suppressing the local immune response. The diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis is often made after recurrent tonsillitis, which must be treated strong antibiotics.

What is chronic tonsillitis

Chronic inflammation of the tonsils is associated with the constant activity of bacteria that are in the tissues. The most common causative agents of infection are streptococci and staphylococci. The immune cells of the tonsils do not have time to cope with a persistent infection, which turns into a chronic one due to the resistance developed by bacteria to certain groups of antibiotics and the impact of adverse environmental factors on a weakened body.

Symptoms

Signs of chronic tonsillitis in adults are similar to those with a similar diagnosis in children. A patient with chronic inflammation of the tonsils feels the following symptoms:

sore throat that varies from mild to severe, depending on the activity of bacterial infections;
inflammation of the mucous throat, swelling of the palatine arches;
increased body temperature;
bad breath;
painful, slightly enlarged lymph nodes (cervical, submandibular).

Only a doctor can make a correct diagnosis of chronic inflammation. The described symptoms of chronic tonsillitis may correspond to other diseases of the throat and respiratory tract. Chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils in adult patients may be less pronounced than in children. Therefore, the correct diagnosis of such a disease necessarily includes a laboratory study - bacterial culture from the oral cavity to identify the causative agent of inflammation. Laboratory research is also necessary for selection antibiotic therapy.

Temperature

The impact of foreign agents that cause the process of inflammation, our body always meets with an increase in temperature. This means that the immune system is fighting the disease. However, in modern practice, doctors are increasingly encountering the phenomenon of chronic inflammation without fever or with constant subfebrile temperature body (37°-38°). Subfebrile or normal temperature bodies in the presence of inflammation in tonsillitis indicate a very weakened immune system. This may carry the risk of:

intoxication of the body;
intoxication of tissues of the cardiovascular system;
renal tissue damage.

Tonsils in chronic tonsillitis

A very important barrier organ is the tonsils, which take the brunt of tonsillitis. In the chronic course of the disease, pathogenic bacteria actively multiply in the tissues and are exposed to immune cells. If the immune system is still able to deal with bacteria, the throat and tonsils may look only inflamed, with no visible plaque. However, the following changes in the tonsils more often indicate the presence of infection:

redness;
increase in size;
the fabric is loose;
plaque white or yellowish;
purulent plugs.

Symptoms during exacerbation

Signs of exacerbation of tonsillitis are similar to those of acute tonsillitis. The weakening of the immune system contributes to the appearance of this condition. Exacerbation of tonsillitis occurs with more severe symptoms than chronic inflammation. Tonsillitis in acute form called angina, with the disease appear:

sharp pain in the throat;
pain in the joints, lower back;
headache;
enlargement and soreness of the lymph nodes;
difficulty swallowing;
high body temperature;
general weakness.

Classification

More often with angina, only the above symptoms are observed. If the standard symptoms are accompanied by disorders of the internal organs, persistent cervical or submandibular lymphadenitis, then such a sore throat is already toxic-allergic and there is a risk of developing serious complications. Chronic disease of the tonsils is classified according to the stages of development:

Compensated- the stage of tonsillitis, which is a condition when local immunity still copes with pathogenic bacteria, but a dormant focus of infection has already appeared in the tonsils. There are no frequently recurring inflammatory diseases of the throat.
Decompensated- at this stage of tonsillitis, frequent tonsillitis is observed, complications may occur in the form of an abscess, lesions of internal organs (kidneys, heart) may appear. At the decompensated stage, several infectious foci can be diagnosed in addition to the throat - diseases of the nose, ears.

Depending on the location of the inflammation and its characteristic features classify tonsillitis:

lacunar- inflammation is localized only on the lacunae (physiological depressions in the tissues) of the tonsils;
sclerotic- there is an abundant growth of the affected tissue in the tonsils;
lacunar-parenchymal- inflammation develops in the lacunae and lymphadenoid tissue;
phlegmonous- localized in the lymphadenoid tissue of the palatine tonsils.

The reasons

Chronic tonsillitis develops after infectious diseases of the throat and nose, more often after incorrectly treated tonsillitis. The immune function of the tonsils can be suppressed by the human herpesvirus type 4, which interferes with the entire immune system. The reason for the appearance of tonsillitis and its development into chronic form may be in other chronic infectious diseases of the nasopharynx. For example, often the disease develops as a result of chronic pharyngitis, sinusitis.

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis

It is necessary to take a holistic approach to treatment chronic infection. It is necessary not only to get rid of the hearth and unpleasant symptoms but also to identify the cause of the disease. It is necessary to treat tonsillitis in a chronic form under the supervision of a doctor, since only a specialist, after correctly diagnosing the stage of the disease, will be able to tell what to do with chronic tonsillitis, prescribe complex therapy. For correct diagnosis, not only local symptoms. It is necessary to pass the following tests:

general clinical blood test;
urinalysis (to detect kidney pathologies);
bacterial culture from the oral cavity, nose (to identify the causative agent of the disease and select the correct antibiotic therapy).

Medical treatment

In the chronic course of the disease at the compensated stage, it is possible to use conservative therapy. Complex treatment in this case is the appointment of a number of drugs necessary for effective treatment with chronic inflammation tonsils. Among the list of medicines are more often:

Antibiotics (mandatory). Prescribe drugs based on test results. For each group of pathogens, separate antibacterial agents are selected:
Penicillins prescribed in the fight against some streptococci. The drugs in this group include Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, more persistent - Augmentin, Flemoclav (with the addition of clavulanic acid), the combined drug Ampiox;
macrolides- Clarithromycin, Josamycin, Azithromycin (Azitral, Sumamed);
Cephalosporins- Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone, Ceftibuten, Cefepime;
If revealed Staphylococcus aureus, appoint Third generation aminoglycosides, because the risk of side effects from the kidneys (Amicin) is reduced.
Fluoroquinolones: ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin.
Painkillers remedies for cupping severe pain in the throat with tonsillitis - Stopangin, Faringosept, Falimint, etc. Painkillers, rinses and sprays contain not only painkillers, but also anti-inflammatory components and antiseptics.
Antihistamines drugs are used for allergization of the body to prevent the occurrence of complications. Effective drugs Suprastin, Loratadin - they quickly and gently relieve the symptoms of intoxication, help to improve well-being.
Emollients for the throat help to treat irritated mucous membranes, remove irritation, redness and pain.
Immunostimulating drugs increase local immunity, help to quickly cope with a chronic illness and reduce the risk of complications. Such immunostimulating drugs include Imudon (can be used by children from 3 years old), IRS-19 - an immunostimulant bacterial origin, can be administered to children from 3 months.
Probiotics is prescribed as a concomitant drug to restore the intestinal microflora, which is disturbed due to the intake antibacterial drugs. Probiotics are microorganisms that can be beneficial for the intestines. Bifiform, Linex, Enterol, etc. are prescribed.

Local treatment

Complex therapy is carried out using methods local treatment, which are selected by the doctor separately in each case. Important role in the treatment of exacerbation of tonsillitis play following methods local treatment:

washing of lacunae;
gargling;
lubrication of the surface of the tonsils with medicinal solutions;
suction of pathological contents from lacunae.

If purulent plugs form in the tissues of the tonsils, then the patient is prescribed a procedure for washing the lacunae or suctioning the contents from the tonsils. Purulent plugs look like white lumps on the surface of the tonsils and, unlike a whitish coating, are not removed when rinsing. Therefore, washing is recommended using solutions of antibiotics or antiseptics. Aspiration of the contents from the lacunae is carried out simultaneously with washing. For this procedure, a special vacuum cap is used. With a less severe form of the disease, gargling with solutions is effective:

furacillin;
potassium permanganate;
soda;
hydrogen peroxide;
propolis (a few drops alcohol solution per glass of water)
sea salt.

Physiotherapy methods

With frequent exacerbations of lacunar tonsillitis, the tonsils become a source reinfection. In some cases, one has to resort to surgical treatment, but before deciding to remove it, the doctor prescribes a course of physiotherapy, which can restore the function of the tonsils. There are the following methods:

Warming up, irradiating the tonsils with UV rays, which kill harmful bacteria that are in the tissues of the affected organ.
Ultrasound or microwave therapy, electrophoresis- used to break up the purulent mass in the tonsils, which contributes to its removal and cleansing of the tissues of the infected organ. These methods can be painful.
Inhalations- warming with moist steam, which helps to cleanse the purulent contents.
laser therapy. The laser has practically no contraindications. With its help, the rehabilitation of the throat is carried out, the procedure is painless.

Surgery

If a complex treatment tonsillitis does not help for several years, periods of remission become shorter, tonsils lose their protective functions, or there is a violation of the work of other organs, then doctors recommend solving the problem surgically. Often, the infection affects the heart and kidneys, the tonsils become a constant focus of infection, which spreads to the internal organs. The procedure for removing the palatine tonsils, or removal of lymphoid tissue, is called a tonsillectomy. This operation is considered not difficult and is carried out by several methods:

laser removal (radio frequency, carbon laser);
excision with a scalpel;
electrocoagulation;
ultrasonic scalpel.

The recovery period after laser surgery is faster (3-4 days) than after classical surgery (a week or more). The laser closes the vessels, which significantly reduces blood loss. After the operation, regardless of the method of carrying out, in the first days you need to adhere to the following rules:

eat only warm food;
avoid foods that "scratch" the throat (for example, cookies);
the first three days it is better to eat only soft food (food should not be salty, spices are prohibited);
drink more fluids;
try to talk less so as not to burden the throat.

Folk methods

To fight with acute inflammation throat with tonsillitis folk methods. However, such treatment should be discussed with the attending physician. In folk medicine, the most common methods of treating the throat are gargling with decoctions of medicinal herbs:

chamomile;
calendula;
burdock leaves and roots;
medicinal sage;
oak bark.

You can gargle with red beet juice (1 glass of juice + 1 tsp. apple cider vinegar), garlic tincture (2 cloves are poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for about 40 minutes). It is useful to chew propolis and make lotions on the throat out of it, but with this method you need to be especially careful, since individual intolerance can be revealed, which provokes the development allergic reactions.

Effects

When tonsillitis becomes chronic, the immune response of the body decreases, which can affect the functioning of internal organs. In severe cases, when symptoms of intoxication appear, some complications develop. Prolonged infections lead to complications associated with disruption of the heart, kidney disease. Often, advanced tonsillitis is accompanied by rheumatism, tonsillocardial syndrome. Serious damage to health is caused by toxins that are released during sore throats.

Prevention

Dangerous protracted tonsillitis can not only be cured if the problem is approached comprehensively, but also prevented. If a child often suffers from tonsillitis, then the problem lies in a weakened immune system. To avoid illness, you must:

harden;
eat right so that the body receives all the necessary elements and vitamins;
give up cold carbonated drinks (carbon dioxide, which is in drinks, irritates the throat);
treat on time infectious diseases nasopharynx, colds;
carry out sanitation of the oral cavity;
take care of the health of your teeth and stomach.

Photo of the throat with chronic tonsillitis

Video

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Treatment of chronic tonsillitis in adults is determined by the complexity of the disease. The treatment regimen includes measures to prevent possible complications. Tonsillitis is an acute infectious disease that manifests itself in the form of inflammation of the palatine tonsils. In chronic tonsillitis, the symptoms and treatment in adults are individual. Therapy is carried out taking into account the cause of the development of the disease.

If there are contraindications to surgical intervention at the compensated stage of the disease, conservative therapy is used. This treatment is recommended to take place 2 times a year. During periods of exacerbation, the course of treatment is contraindicated.

If it is possible to get rid of the symptoms within 2 courses of treatment, it is recommended to continue the treatment of chronic tonsillitis in adults to consolidate the result. During several cycles of treatment, physiotherapy procedures and medicines should change. When even several courses of treatment are ineffective, surgery is necessary.

The main method of conservative therapy - wellness procedures in areas of suppuration or inflammation. Cleansing and washing the tonsils from pus and sputum. The procedure for washing the lacunae is carried out using a solution, which includes Furacilin, Miramistin and Chlorophyphyllipt. The doctor inserts a special needle with a curved end into the tonsil lacuna. A jet of solution washes the gaps, and the pathogen is released into the oral cavity. The fruitfulness of treatment depends on the professionalism of the doctor and the properties of the solution. The course of therapy includes from 7 to 10 procedures, carried out once a day. In some cases, washing is carried out 1 time in 2 days.

Contraindications: infectious diseases, psychical deviations or exacerbation of tonsillitis. Solutions containing antibiotics are no more effective than antiseptic ones. On the contrary, they can lead to fungal diseases or drug resistance. Injections of the tonsils with antibiotics and steroid drugs are rarely used (because of the increased risk of complications).

Additional therapies

The use of tools such as a spatula or hooks is suitable for diagnosing chronic tonsillitis. They are useless in removing fluids contained in lacunae. Therapy of the disease in question is aimed at eliminating the sources of pathogenic bacteria. Diseases of the nasal cavity contribute to the exacerbation of tonsillitis, because they are foci of infection. If necessary, corrective surgery is performed. Diseases of the teeth can serve as sources of infection.

Particular attention is paid to the immune system. You should be more careful about nutrition. It is important to observe the regime of the day and sleep. Useful hardening procedures. Of the pharmaceuticals, immunomodulatory drugs of synthetic, herbal and biological origin are shown. Biological preparations include Thymus, serum, vaccines. Herbal substances include echinacea, aloe and ginseng.

Medical therapy

In the treatment of chronic tonsillitis in an adult, taking pharmacological preparations must be supervised by a specialist:

Antibiotics - reception is indicated during periods of exacerbation of the disease, but before the start of the course of treatment, it is necessary to carry out bacterial culture.
Probiotics - restore the balance between harmful and beneficial bacteria. The action of these drugs is aimed at eliminating the consequences after taking antibiotics. Among the probiotics, Acipol, Normoflorin, Gastrofarm can be distinguished.
Painkillers - suppress pain, which are symptoms of tonsillitis. The group of painkillers includes Ibuprofen and its analogues.
Antihistamines - relieve swelling of the mucous membrane of the tonsils and the walls of the nasopharynx. The list of these drugs includes Cetrin, Zirtek, Zodak.
Drug treatment in the form of irrigation - rinsing or antiseptic sprays. It is recommended to use Miramistin and Dioxidin.

Before treating chronic tonsillitis in adults with traditional medicine, it is recommended to consult with your doctor. With such a disease, it is important to monitor how the patient eats. In this case, not only the structure, but also the temperature of the food matters. Food should not be too hot or cold. It is not recommended to eat salty, spicy and sour foods, so as not to irritate the throat. Solid foods should be avoided.

Carrying out physiotherapy

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis includes the following physiotherapy procedures:

Contraindications to physiotherapy: pregnancy and decompensated pathologies of internal organs. It is necessary to carry out full examination before starting treatment, since physiotherapeutic methods are contraindicated in oncological diseases.

Gargling

Rinsing with tonsillitis - effective way treatment. The basis of the solution can be various substances. But first you need to consult a doctor. The specialist will assess the condition of the throat and determine how to treat the disease. Sea salt has a beneficial effect on the affected tissues without irritating the mucous membrane. The mineral is distinguished by its low price and availability.

Inflammatory processes and some pharmaceuticals with angina and chronic tonsillitis, they can cause dryness in the mouth, perspiration or burning in the throat. Essential oils of sandalwood, apricot and peach trees are suitable for eliminating these manifestations. Solutions for rinsing based on essential oils have a positive effect on the condition of the throat. Some oils are included medical devices against tonsillitis. The most suitable oils are lavender, cedar, eucalyptus or tea tree.

To awaken the body's defenses, you can use chamomile and ginseng (in the form of a rinse solution or tea). The impact is enhanced if you add propolis. An analogue of these natural remedies is the drug Imudon. For rinsing with chronic tonsillitis in adults, a decoction of willow buds, aspen bark, elecampane and ginger roots is suitable.

Operations and prevention

If conservative methods of treatment do not help, it is recommended to have an operation to remove the tonsils. If there are contraindications to complete removal tonsils, gentle surgical methods are used. The lacuna is dissected with a galvanocaustic laser in order to remove the pathological fluid. Such an operation leads to scarring, which increases the symptoms of intoxication with tonsillitis.

Prevention of the disease includes strengthening the immune system and preventing viral diseases during periods of seasonal exacerbation. Angina is a fundamental factor that provokes tonsillitis. Therefore, you should avoid communicating with people who have a sore throat. Compliance with the rules of oral hygiene is shown.