What does uric acid mean. Analysis for uric acid. Benefits of hyperuricemia

The article will tell about such a substance in the blood as uric acid. It will be told about the norms, causes of accumulation in tissues and ways to normalize the level in the body.

Uric acid is a substance that is dissolved in blood plasma. This substance is formed as a result of protein breakdown, and is deposited in human blood in the form sodium salt. A normal amount of uric acid is not harmful to health.

It is excreted from the body by the kidneys. The problem arises if this substance accumulates in the body. Then, uric acid can cause the development of serious chronic diseases.

To find out the amount of uric acid in the body, you need to take a blood test. You need to take the test in the morning, on an empty stomach. 2-3 days before donation, it is not recommended to consume excessive protein foods and drink alcoholic beverages.

Functions of uric acid in the body

The norm of uric acid must be present in the human body. After all, this substance performs several important functions:

it activates the production of adrenaline, thereby stimulating brain activity
Uric acid is a powerful antioxidant and prevents the development of cancer.

The norm of uric acid in men, women and children

The amount of uric acid in the blood is laid down at the genetic level and is inherited. But, as a rule, its ratio between the sexes is the same. In children, the norm of uric acid is the smallest, in women it is slightly higher, in men it is maximum.

A table that clearly demonstrates the rate of uric acid

Causes of high levels of uric acid in the blood

As noted above, uric acid is a protein breakdown product. The body is designed in such a way that it is able to remove excess substances on its own. But when there are too many of them, the kidneys can no longer properly filter the blood. And uric acid begins to accumulate in the tissues
The main reason for the increase in uric acid levels is malnutrition. Protein foods should be consumed in moderation. Most of the diet should be foods rich in fiber: vegetables, fruits and cereals. If the nutritional balance is disturbed, then the body is not able to process all the protein and remove the excess. As a result - complete slagging of the body
In some cases, an increase in uric acid levels may be due to stressful situations for the body: excessive exercise, fasting or alcohol abuse. Also, this substance begins to accumulate in the tissues due to kidney dysfunction.

Uric acid metabolism disorder

There is medical term, which calls an increase in the level of uric acid - hyperuricemia. Therefore, all by-products contain preservatives. dyes, flavor enhancers and other synthetic additives will increase the level of uric acid and, of course, disrupt its metabolism.

Symptoms of High Uric Acid

There are several symptoms that indicate elevated uric acid levels.

With the accumulation of this substance in children, redness, eczema, psoriasis are observed on the skin.
In adults and the elderly, there are severe pains in the joints, on the skin, and wounds also appear. Men may experience strong pain in the groin, cystitis
The accumulation of uric acid leads to diseases of the kidneys and urinary system. Kidney stones are also actively formed due to hyperuricemia.
Uric acid is also bad for teeth. Doctors note the active deposition of tartar and inflammation of the gums
Uric acid can be deposited in the heart, causing pain and palpitations. In general, one feels constant fatigue may suffer from insomnia

The deposition of salts and the development of gout are closely related to increased level uric acid in the blood.

Reducing uric acid folk remedies

If the first symptoms appear, indicating an increase in the level of uric acid, you should immediately consult a doctor. If the tests confirm the suspicions, the doctor will prescribe a number of drugs that will reduce the level of uric acid in the body. To support treatment, you can use folk methods lowering uric acid levels:

Visiting saunas and hot baths. If there are no contraindications, then visiting the sauna is great way remove excess substances through the skin. This will give the kidneys some rest.
Plentiful drink. You can drink water and green tea without restrictions.
Decoctions of herbs and leaves. An herbal mixture should be prepared from dried leaves of birch, currant and lingonberry, make a decoction and consume before meals.
Herbal foot baths. If the joints hurt or wounds appear on the legs, you can use warm foot baths with sage or chamomile. It will relieve inflammation and pain

The main remedy for normalizing the level of uric acid is the normalization of nutrition. For this, together with treatment, you must follow a diet.

What removes uric acid from the body?

The kidneys are responsible for removing uric acid from the body. If this organ is unhealthy, then uric acid is not completely excreted. It happens, on the contrary: the kidneys are healthy, but there is too much uric acid in the plasma, the kidneys cannot cope with the load.

One of best ways remove excess uric acid plentiful drink. Drink water or green tea. You can add ginger and lemon to the water. At the same time, the amount of salt in the diet should be reduced, because. salt retains fluids in the body.

Deposition of uric acid salts in the joints

Elevated uric acid levels can be an early warning of the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is recommended to take a blood test at least once a year.

How to lower uric acid in gout?

Gout is an advanced form of arthritis. Diseases such as gout, osteochondrosis and arthritis develop due to the deposition of salts in the joints. Uric acid crystals, not finding a way out, actively linger in the form of kidney stones and salts on the joints.

To lower uric acid levels in gout, you need to follow a combination of remedies: use medications prescribed by your doctor, follow a diet and use folk remedies.

Diet with high levels of uric acid in the blood

With hyperuricemia, it is necessary to normalize your diet, and, henceforth, do not return to old eating habits. During treatment, the following foods should be completely excluded from your diet:

beef
any fatty meat
liver, kidneys, brain
smoked fish and meat products, sausages
semi-finished products
rich broths
chocolate
cream confectionery
alcohol

Foods that increase uric acid levels in the body

Uric acid is deposited in the tissues due to the content of too much protein in the diet. Protein, of course, should be, but protein foods are not recommended for every meal.

Foods that can cause intense uric acid accumulation include: eggs, legumes, fatty and red meat, offal, sorrel. These foods should be consumed in moderation. From protein foods, preference should be given to lean meats (for example, chicken and turkey).

Products that reduce uric acid in the blood

It is necessary to reduce to a minimum the consumption of eggs, legumes and mushrooms. You need to eat a lot of vegetables, cereals, bread with bran. In general, foods rich in fiber have a beneficial effect on the body.
Doctors recommend one unloading day in Week. You can use one of the products on this day: kefir, cottage cheese, watermelons, apples, unsalted buckwheat. The product is divided into 5 equal portions and consumed throughout the day. You can drink green tea and water unlimitedly
With elevated levels of uric acid, you need to monitor the water balance. Depending on weight, an adult is recommended to drink 2 to 3 liters of water daily.
Even when the treatment is over, and the forbidden foods can be eaten again, you should not return to your usual diet. This will again cause disturbances in the body

The human diet should have the following balance of products: 50% - vegetables and fruits, 20% - meat and fish products, 20% - bread and cereals, 10% - fats and other substances.

Uric acid and the risk of heart disease

Sometimes, an increase in uric acid may indicate the presence of certain chronic diseases and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, when hyperuricemia is detected, it is necessary to check for the presence of such diseases:

gout
tuberculosis
pneumonia
leukemia
skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema)
liver and kidney diseases

How to reduce the content of uric acid in the blood with folk remedies: tips and reviews

Daisies
thyme
immortelle
Plantain

Video: Diet 6 for high uric acid

Video: Uric acid in the joints

The concentration of uric acid in the blood reflects exchange of purine bases. This is a group of nitrogen-containing compounds that are needed for the formation of DNA and RNA. When they are split, a chain of biological reactions occurs, as a result of which uric acid is formed. It is normally excreted by the kidneys and intestines.

With increasing concentration due to increased intake or reduced excretion of salt (urates) are deposited in the joints, accelerate the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension.

There are also beneficial features in this substance, it protects cells from destruction by free radicals, that is, it exhibits antioxidant activity. With a slight increase its level in a person improves memory and assimilation of new information, intellectual abilities.

Indications for research can be: diagnosis of gout, hereditary predisposition to impaired purine metabolism, monitoring the treatment of gouty arthritis, metabolic syndrome, kidney failure, chemotherapy and radiation for cancer, comprehensive assessment excretion of nitrogen by the kidneys, determining the prognosis of heart disease, the risk of developing a heart attack and stroke, identifying the cause of neurasthenia.

Level change symptoms: constant pain in the joints or acute attack, especially in the area of the big toe on the foot; detection of seals over the joints of the hands; decreased urine output, pain in lumbar region, temperature, frequent and painful urination, detection of blood in the urine, insomnia, irritability, aggressiveness, headaches, dizziness, impaired concentration, nausea.

For analysis, you need blood from a vein, taken in the morning. 3-4 days before the examination, you need to adhere to a diet with a restriction of foods that contain a lot of purine bases, refuse alcoholic beverages, protein shakes, sports supplements, anabolics. Intense physical stress is excluded.

The results of the analysis in women and men are normal

For children up to a year fluctuations in values are 80-310 µmol/l.

temporary increase causes sports, foods rich in purines, smoking, excessive sun exposure, the last months of pregnancy. by the most common causes pathological increase uric acid in the blood is gouty arthritis and salt deposits in the kidneys (uric acid diathesis).

Reasons for the decrease in concentration: hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty degeneration of the liver, the first two trimesters of pregnancy, the introduction of radiopaque substances, the use of Allopurinol, Lipanor, Traykor, impaired copper metabolism (leads to cirrhosis of the liver).

Read more in our article on uric acid in the blood, the reasons for the increase and decrease in levels.

Read in this article

Why take a uric acid test?

The concentration of uric acid in the blood reflects the exchange of purine bases.. This is a group of nitrogen-containing compounds that are needed for the formation of DNA and RNA. When they are split, a chain of biological reactions occurs, as a result of which uric acid is formed. It is normally excreted by the kidneys and intestines.

With an increase in its concentration, due to increased intake or reduced excretion of salt (urates), they are deposited in the joints, accelerating the development of diabetes mellitus, too.

At the same time, this substance also has useful properties. Uric acid protects cells from destruction by free radicals, that is, it exhibits antioxidant activity. With a slight increase in its level, a person improves memory and assimilation of new information, intellectual abilities.

Indications for the study of the level of uric acid may be:

diagnosis of gout;
hereditary predisposition to impaired purine metabolism;
monitoring the treatment of gouty arthritis, metabolic syndrome, renal failure, chemotherapy and radiation for cancer;
comprehensive assessment of nitrogen excretion by the kidneys;
determining the prognosis of heart disease, the risk of developing a heart attack and stroke;
identification of the cause of neurasthenia.

Symptoms that warrant a blood test for this substance include:

constant pain in the joints or an acute attack of pain, especially in the area of the big toe on the foot;
detection of seals (deposits of crystals in the form of nodules) over the joints of the hands and feet, elbows, on auricles, legs, thighs, forearms;
decreased urine output - swelling, a sudden increase in body weight;
pain in the lumbar region, fever, frequent and painful urination, blood in the urine;
insomnia, irritability, aggressiveness, headaches, dizziness, impaired concentration, nausea.

How to prepare for the

For analysis, you need blood from a vein, taken in the morning. 3-4 days before the examination, the patient needs to adhere to a diet with food restriction containing many purine bases. These include:

all offal (especially liver, kidneys);
meat, fish broths;
spinach, sorrel;
cocoa, chocolate;
coffee and strong tea;
legumes;
asparagus, Brussels sprouts.

It is also important to give up alcoholic beverages, protein shakes, sports supplements, anabolics. During the day before the analysis, intense physical stress is excluded. The last meal is carried out later than 10 hours before the visit to the laboratory. Immediately before the diagnosis (at least 30 minutes) you can not smoke, you need to maintain emotional and motor rest.

Analysis results for women and men

Examination with urgent indications can be completed in a few minutes. With a planned examination, the results are given to the patient on the day of the test.

Norm

Physiological indicators of uric acid depend on the age and gender of the subject. A pattern was noted - in people with the 3rd blood group, a slightly elevated level is noted, which is regarded as a variant of the norm.

The rate of uric acid in the blood

For children up to a year, the fluctuations in values are 80-310 µmol / l.

Increased

A slight increase may be associated with sports or physical exertion.. In such cases, testosterone is intensively produced. This hormone promotes growth muscle mass and for this it delays phosphorus and nitrogenous bases, and hence the formation of nucleic acids. Also, a temporary increase is caused by:

foods rich in purines;
smoking;
excessive exposure to the sun;
last months of pregnancy.

The most common causes of a pathological increase in blood uric acid are gouty arthritis and the deposition of salts in the kidneys (uric acid diathesis). Such diseases lead to:

excess meat products in the diet;
increased production of proteins under the influence of disorders hormonal background or the use of anabolic drugs;
impaired excretion of uric acid from the body (polycystic kidney disease, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis disease);
malignant neoplasms, leukemia, chemotherapy and radiation therapy(there is an accelerated breakdown of tissues and a delay in nucleotides for the formation of new proteins);
excess insulin in pancreatic tumors;
a relative increase in insulin due to a low response of cells to it (insulin resistance) in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome;
long-term use of aspirin, thiazide diuretics, hormonal and anticancer drugs;
Down's disease, ;
congenital metabolic disorders (fermentopathy);
arterial hypertension;
hemolytic anemia;
heart failure;
lead poisoning.

Watch the video about normal uric acid

Less than normal

A decrease in the concentration of uric acid occurs in such conditions:

hepatitis - viral, toxic, alcoholic;
cirrhosis, fatty degeneration of the liver;
the first two trimesters of pregnancy (due to an increase in circulating blood volume and increased filtration of urine by the kidneys);
the introduction of radiopaque substances;
taking Allopurinol, Lipanor, Traykor;
violation of copper metabolism (leads to cirrhosis of the liver).

How to return to normal with gout

For patients with an increase in uric acid, it is important to first change the diet. Fats (meat and fish), offal, red meat, alcohol, sardines, herring should be excluded from the diet. Limit:

table salt;
mushrooms, legumes;
radish, eggplant and cabbage, tomatoes;
canned food and pickles, marinades.

The calorie content of the diet should also be controlled, since carbohydrate foods are the basis of the diet. Allowed in very small quantities lean fish, eggs, poultry meat. It is recommended to increase the drinking regimen to 3 liters. At the same time, it is important to drink plain water, fruit and berry juices, and tea, cocoa and coffee are prohibited.

In order for salts of uric acid to begin to dissolve and be excreted from the body, it is necessary to reduce its level by half the norm. To do this, prescribe medications that remove urates from the body (Probenecid) and inhibit their formation (Allopurinol).

Prevention of changes in uric acid in the blood

With a slight increase in the content of uric acid and with a preventive purpose it is recommended to use herbs that increase the excretion of salts from the body. These include birch buds, lingonberry leaf, bearberry. Excessive physical exertion should be avoided, but regular therapeutic exercises or walking should be done to activate the kidneys and accelerate metabolic processes in the body.

Uric acid in the blood is an indicator of protein metabolism, in particular purine bases.. A blood test for its level can be prescribed as an independent study, but most often it is included in the renal complex.

An increase in concentration occurs with gout, uric acid diathesis, impaired kidney function, and is also regarded as a risk factor for heart disease, type 2 diabetes. To correct violations, you need to adjust the diet and water regime.

The norm of uric acid in the blood in men, women, children

For an adult, the normal level of uric acid is considered to be from 150 to 420 microns / l, depending on gender.

If it exceeds the specified norm, then this may be the basis for diagnosing hyperuricemia.

Uric acid and the mechanism of its formation

Uric acid is a natural organic matter, it is synthesized by the human liver from purines, which are found in a large number of foods.

Once in the blood, uric acid reacts chemically with carbon dioxide and leaves the body through the kidneys.

For foods that contain a large number of purines include:

alcoholic drinks;
seafood;
liver;
confectionery;
fruit syrups;
some legumes.

Uric acid plays a very important role in the process of metabolism, it performs many functions aimed at ensuring the normal functioning of the body:

neutralizes free radicals and prevents the onset of oncology;
beneficial effect on the functions of the brain and central nervous system.

Elevated uric acid in the blood - causes

Why does elevated uric acid occur?

Blood healthy person under different circumstances, it may contain different amounts of uric acid, as it all depends on the diet, physical activity, the presence of bad habits and chronic diseases.

Slight fluctuations in the concentration of this substance usually does not cause any pathologies.

If the body is different reasons does not cope with its processing, then excess uric acid, turning into salts, can settle in human organs and tissues. This condition can be classified as a pathology called hyperuricemia.

There are two types of this disease.

Idiopathic hyperuricemia is rare and is a global disorder of the processing of purines, which is inherited. For this reason, this type of hyperuricemia is diagnosed at an early age.

Secondary hyperuricemia is a widespread disease that occurs as a result of a disorder of purine metabolism. This may be caused pathological changes various organs.

Let us briefly list the diseases in which an increase in the content of uric acid can be observed.

Inflammatory processes that take place in gallbladder and liver (cirrhosis,).
Obesity.
Inflammatory processes in the kidneys associated with violations of their functions.
Chronic acute infectious diseases respiratory organs, complicated by inflammatory processes.
, provoked by an insufficient amount of vitamin B12 and metabolic disorders.
Elevated blood sugar.
Bronchial asthma.
Skin diseases.
Toxicosis of pregnancy, which provoke the development of acidosis.
Alcohol poisoning.

Separately, it should be noted that an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood can occur as a result of prolonged use of certain drugs (Furosemide, Aspirin, Phenothiazines, Theophylline, Adrenaline, etc.). These are substances that contain components that inhibit the metabolism of purines in the human body.

These may be drugs used in chemotherapy, diuretics, and long-term anti-TB drugs.

At risk are lovers of strict diets, as well as people who abuse products with high content purines.

Symptoms of high uric acid in the blood

High amount of uric acid in childhood often manifests itself as various dermatological problems. It can be all sorts of rashes,. This hides a certain insidiousness of hyperuricemia.

It happens that huge efforts and funds are spent on getting rid of allergies and skin diseases during the time when real reason these symptoms are associated with a completely different pathology.

Nonspecific symptoms of an increase in uric acid in the blood are considered to be fatigue, constant fatigue, frequent education in oral cavity and dense deposits even with proper sanitation and dental treatment.

Secondary hyperuricemia is more often diagnosed in the male half of the population after 45 years of age. This is due to the greater predisposition of men to bad habits and malnutrition.

Uric acid in the blood is increased - diet and treatment

The fight against hyperuricemia, treatment high content uric acid in the blood should begin with a revision of the diet. From it it is necessary to exclude components with a rich content of purines.

Nutrition should be regular, but in small doses. All fasting and any other diets are prohibited. The patient should not consume all kinds of carbonated drinks, alcohol, tea,.

The consumption of the following dishes is minimized: smoked meats, organ meats, fried and fatty meats, sausages, meat broths, anchovies, legumes, sweets, pastry, chocolate, white bread.

It is important to limit your salt intake, therefore, for a patient with hyperuricemia, seasonings, sauces, and home preservation are prohibited.

On the contrary, the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is not limited. Freshly squeezed juices, kefir, cottage cheese will not hurt.

Plentiful drink is a good prerequisite for removing excess uric acid from the body. Tangible results can be achieved if you drink up to 15 glasses of water per day.

Hyperuricemia may occur various reasons. Accordingly, treatment methods should be adequately correlated with the level of accumulated uric acid in the body and the cause of such a violation.

It is very important not to limit yourself to taking only painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, since in this case only temporary relief of the condition is possible. At the same time at improper treatment you can start the problem, subsequent relapses are possible, which can be a serious threat to life.

If the patient is noted, then he automatically falls into the risk group for developing gout. Therefore, weight loss is the basis for further successful treatment.

If the level of uric acid is close to critical, then treatment is prescribed. medicines. The treatment regimen is prescribed by a doctor who constantly monitors the patient's condition.

The action of these drugs should be aimed at intensifying the process of excretion of uric acid, as well as reducing its production in the liver.

These can be diuretics: diacarb or furosemide together with sulfinpyrazole, allopurinol or other blockers of uric acid synthesis.

From folk remedies with an increase in uric acid in the blood, a decoction of a herbal mixture (birch buds, nettle and lingonberry leaf) is recommended, it is drunk 1 glass 2 times a day for a month.

In a normal diet, it is worth including rosehip decoction, bran in the diet.

I hope the site site answered the question of why the level of uric acid in the blood of a person rises, described the main symptoms and gave recommendations for changing the diet and treating this condition, which is dangerous for further progression while ignoring dangerous signs.

The level of uric acid in the blood today is of interest to a large number of people. Mostly men. Basically, the category "over forty". What is the secret of such a strange object of attention? Let's try to understand the cause of the incident, as well as consider the symptoms of the disease, list the means that minimize the possibility of exacerbation and indicate effective methods treatment.

Despite the fact that uric acid is the subject of close interest, it does not cause any inconvenience in itself. Moreover, uric acid plays an important useful role in the body: it not only removes excess nitrogen, but also protects tissue cells from acid radicals, since it can bind them.

A noticeable problem of excess uric acid becomes due to salts - urates, which begin to be deposited in the joints and tissues of a person upon reaching an unacceptably high concentration in the blood.

Therefore, it is important not to allow the level of uric acid in the blood to exceed the values that are considered normal. The amount of acid in the body is measured in micromoles per litre. The normal content differs depending on gender and age - in young people it is less than in the elderly, and in men it is more than in women:

Treatment - lowering the level of uric acid

There are not so many ways to lower the level of uric acid in the body, or rather, only two:

Reduce the amount of acid formation in the blood
Accelerate the removal of acid from the body
The best method is to combine 1 and 2

Below we present well-known and not so well-known means, the action of which contributes to the first two points. It is important to remember that without an appropriate diet, or rather a correction of the diet, no ointment tablets will save you from gout. Therefore, we recommend that you consult your doctor on all issues related to this disease. You can find a table of "harmfulness" of products below. Let's move on to treatment, but, we repeat, our certificate will not replace a doctor's consultation.

molybdenum and uric acid

Molybdenum is known as essential element, affecting the output of uric acid, which is the end product of the breakdown of purines, tk. is part of xanthine oxidase - an enzyme that accelerates the processes of nitrogen and purine metabolism in the body. This enzyme without molybdenum is formed in insufficient quantities, the process of purine metabolism slows down, the kidneys cannot cope with the process of removing uric acid. Further, everything is according to a well-known scheme - acid accumulates in the tendons and joints, the concentration leads to the deposition of salts, pain and inflammation in the joints, their deformation, and, as a result, gout. Preparations with molybdenum:

Country Life, Molybdenum - Chelated Molybdenum Caps, 150 mcg, 100 Tablets.

Goutrol is a product from MRM, a company specializing in the production of enzymes, amino acids and antioxidants. Goutrol is designed to reduce the amount of uric acid in the blood by improving its excretion from the body. The first five days, it is recommended to take it in the morning and in the evening, then one tablet per day is enough.

MRM, Iso-Tech, Goutrol - 30 vegetarian capsules, normalizes metabolism, removes uric acid.

selenium and uric acid

Selenium affects the antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body, it is he who helps prevent the damaging effects of free radicals. Taking selenium for gout is also necessary because it allows you to reduce, and sometimes almost completely stop sharp pains in joints:

Nature's Way, Selenium - 200 mcg, 100 capsules accelerates the excretion of uric acid, consult your doctor before use.

Copper and uric acid

Preparations containing copper are known for controlling the level of uric acid and its content in the body. However, it is important to remember that both a lack and an excess of copper are harmful - both conditions can activate the action of free radicals, and this is unacceptable, because. increases the risk of developing cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.

Twinlab, Copper capsules - Before taking, be sure to consult with your doctor.

How to recognize elevated uric acid levels?

Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to notice an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood without its analysis. In the body of a healthy person, the content of this particular acid rarely exceeds .. 1 gram! Thus, if the acid level exceeds this indicator (or is more than 65 mg / l), hyperuricemia will occur and from that moment uric acid begins to form crystals. Upon reaching a level of 714 µmol / l or 120 mg / l, the patient will need serious medical treatment, but you will learn about this level only after the amount of urate reaches a critical mass in the joints (and gout develops), and before that moment it may pass a few months. Take a look at the blood test results of a 40-year-old man who only became aware of excess acid when... his foot was swollen:

The onset of the disease is diagnosed from the first attack. In the morning or in the middle of the night arises sharp pain in thumb. By itself, it stops from several hours to several days and serves alarm signal for strict adherence to the diet in the future.
"Disobedience" entails a repetition of the attack. Development chronic disease can last from 3 to 40 years, although the next "attack" usually overtakes after a ten-year period. The rate of development of the disease is affected by the content of uric acid in the blood and the degree of kidney damage.

Detected gout in men becomes a signal to visit a rheumatologist. To make an accurate diagnosis, it is enough to examine a specialist and the result of an analysis of donated blood from a vein. An elevated level of uric acid, its salts (urates) indicates the presence of a disease in the body. The structure of urate crystals is acicular. They injure the joints from the inside, cause their inflammation. Treatment of the disease requires some more research.

In the group of uric acid sufferers, gouty toes are known to almost everyone. Although the disease can affect any joints. Gout is often confused with hallux valgus(bone on the foot). "Bump" next to thumb legs - an orthopedic disease and most often occurring in women.

Uric acid and gout

Distinguish between primary gout. The disease occurs in combination with high blood pressure, metabolic disorders, expressed in a tendency to diabetes and obesity. Another reason is considered to be a purely genetic defect: the body lacks an enzyme that decomposes uric acid. The wounding effect of urates can also be experienced by the kidneys. It is no coincidence that 20% of patients with gout suffer from urolithiasis.

Secondary gout (arthritis) can develop against the background of kidney problems, with endocrine disorders and blood diseases, constant intake of diuretics (hypertension) and aspirin.

Methods for diagnosing the concentration of uric acid

To obtain a complete picture of the disease, a comprehensive examination is required:

Ultrasound of the kidneys
Examination of the endocrine glands, heart, blood vessels
Comprehensive blood test

Attention: only complex treatment gout will help not only to cure it, but also to help improve the body as a whole.

Get rid of high uric acid levels

drug therapy for early stage disease is not shown. The level of acid is low, there are almost no relapses. Following the diet prescribed by the doctor is sufficient. It implies a categorical prohibition:

for alcoholic drinks;
rich broths;
most fish and meat dishes;
hot spices and snacks;

legumes, mushrooms;
chocolate, coffee, cocoa;
tomatoes, spinach.

It is allowed to consume products with low content purines:

Boiled potatoes and vegetables
Fruits and juices
Dairy
honey, bread

Carefully study the tables of purine content in products and try not to exceed the norm. daily consumption purines - 800-900 mg.

Uric acid and food (table)

A diet aimed at reducing uric acid in the body involves eating foods low in purines, the result of the processing of which it is. Thus, the fewer purines, the more recommended the product. The most useful from this point of view are vegetables and fruits:

Excretion of uric acid - vegetables
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
Rhubarb	2	6
cucumbers	2	6
Onion	4	10
Green bell pepper	4	10
Tomatoes	4	10
Radish	4	10
radish	4	10
Potato	6	15
Carrot	6	15
Red bell pepper	6	15
Bamboo (shoots)	6	15
Chicory	6	15
Fennel	7	15
eggplant	8	20
zucchini	8	20
Beet	8	20
Chinese cabbage	10	25
Asparagus	10	25
White cabbage	13	30
Kohlrabi	13	30
Celery (root)	13	30
Leek	17	40
savoy cabbage	17	40
Green beans	18	45
Cauliflower	19	45
Broccoli	21	50
Brussels sprouts	25	60

Cereals are also allies in the fight against undesirable consequences breakdown of purines:

Isolation of uric acid - cereals
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
Premium flour (millet)	8	20
Rice	15	35
Rye	20	50
Semolina	25	55
Barley	34	80
Wholemeal flour	35	85
Millet	35	85
Buckwheat	63	150

Seeds and nuts, in general, are not a hindrance to the diet, but some of them should still be parted:

Uric acid excretion - seeds and nuts
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
Walnuts	10	25
hazelnuts	13	30
Almond	13	30
Sesame seeds	37	88
Peanut	42	100
poppy seeds	70	154
Sunflower seeds	65	157

But it’s hard to make a mistake with cheeses - we definitely include them in the priority list of daily products:

Isolation of uric acid - cheeses
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
Processed cheese (60%)	5	14
Gouda (45%)	7	17
Processed cheese (20%)	10	27
Camembert (45% fat)	12	31
Sheep cheese	12	31

There will be no big problems either from mushrooms:

Not from bread:

Excretion of uric acid - bread
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
White bread	7	16
Buns	9	22
Crackers	11	30
Mixed flour bread	19	46
Wholemeal bread	26	61

Excretion of uric acid - bird
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
Egg	3	5
turkey meat	50	120
Pheasant	62	150
Duck	64	153
Goose	70	165
Chicken	125	300

Fish - be very careful, we count the acid content and remove it from daily use exactly:

Excretion of uric acid - fish
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
Smoked eel	48	115
Salmon caviar	60	145
Smoked mackerel	76	182
Herring	88	210
smoked salmon	100	242
Anchovies	108	260
Tuna in oil	121	290
Sardines in oil	146	350
Sprats	223	535

Excretion of uric acid - freshwater fish
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
Zander	46	110
Pike	58	140
Carp	63	150
Salmon	71	170
Trout	83	200

Isolation of uric acid - marine fish
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
Haddock	54	135
Flounder	58	145
Mackerel	60	145
Cod	63	155
Sea salmon (salmon)	68	160
Herring	79	185
Sea bass	100	245
Tuna	107	255
Halibut	123	295
Sardine	144	345

Isolation of uric acid - seafood
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
crayfish	25	60
oysters	38	90
Shrimps	60	148
lobsters	73	175
mussels	154	370

And, finally, the most "forbidden" product for those who are struggling with high levels of uric acid in the blood - meat and meat products. The use is practically prohibited:

Excretion of uric acid - meat
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
Beef	59	141
Mutton	60	147
Pork	63	151
Veal	64	151
beef tongue	67	161
lamb	76	183
calf kidney	88	211
beef heart	106	257
Beef kidneys	112	270
Pork liver	125	301
Pork kidneys	139	335
calf liver	180	461
beef liver	230	555
calf thymus	525	1261

Isolation of uric acid - meat products
Product	Purines (mg/100g)	Uric acid (mg/100g)
sausages	46	110
Sausage "hunting"	55	130
boiled sausage	54	130
Liver pate	74	175
Ham	83	198

Here is such a "grocery" alignment - observing the norms of using "purine excesses" you can easily control the amount of uric acid that appears in the body. Although, practice shows that giving up your favorite products is not as easy as it looks in the tables..

The level of uric acid in the blood and urine is one of the most important indicators normal operation human body.

Therefore, a decrease or increase in uric acid should not be ignored, since this almost always indicates a disruption in the functioning of such vital organs as the liver and kidneys.

Given the importance of this indicator, we propose to understand what uric acid is, why it rises in the blood and urine, and how to deal with it.

Uric acid is a crystal composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which is formed in the liver during the breakdown of purines.

The excretion of uric acid from the human body is carried out by the kidneys.

Urates are potassium and sodium salts of uric acid, which form a precipitate in the urine. Urate is synthesized from uric acid. Uric acid in the urine is measured using a urinalysis study, and in the blood using a biochemical blood test.

increases the effect of catecholamines on the cells of the body, activating the work of the brain and other parts of the nervous system;
protects the body from the negative effects of free radicals;
controls the quality of body cells.

At the same time, elevated uric acid in the blood is serious signal some diseases and requires a series of studies that will identify the causes and eliminate them. After all, excess uric acid is a poison that poisons the body from the inside.

Uric acid in the blood: normal

The rate of this indicator directly depends on the gender and age of the person.

The norm of uric acid in children

In children, the norm of this indicator is 120-330 µmol / l.

The norm of uric acid in men in the blood

In men under 60 years of age, the uric acid index should be in the range from 250 to 400 µmol / l, and in men over 60 years of age - from 250-480 µmol / l.

The norm of uric acid in women in the blood

The norm in women has slightly lower values than in men. In persons under 60 years of age, it should not go beyond 200 to 300 μmol / l, and in persons over 60 persons - from 210 to 430 μmol / l.

Analysis for uric acid is carried out both for healthy individuals for the purpose of medical examination, and for patients with diseases that lead to a delay in the excretion of uric acid from the body. These include diabetes mellitus, of cardio-vascular system, gout and others.

In order for the results of the analysis to be objective, you should properly prepare for blood donation. To do this, 24 hours before the procedure for taking blood from daily ration you need to remove fruit and vegetable juices, caffeinated and alcoholic drinks, chewing gum and reduce physical and mental stress.

Blood sampling is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach, therefore last appointment food should be no later than 12 hours before the procedure. Also, do not smoke 1 hour before the test.

For analysis take venous blood from the vessels that pass in the cubital fossa.

The submitted analyzes are processed within 24 hours and issued the next day. But in emergency cases, a biochemical blood test can be carried out urgently (in cito) within 2-3 hours.

Uric acid is elevated: causes

Elevated uric acid levels may be caused by the following diseases:

hypertonic disease. With a constant increase in blood pressure, the kidneys are damaged, as a result of which hyperuricemia appears. In this case, a cardiologist or general practitioner gives patients recommendations on how to reduce the level of uric acid in the body, which consists in taking drugs that reduce arterial pressure and diet;
gout. Cause this disease is enhanced synthesis of purines. The target organ for gout is the kidneys, resulting in their failure. Gout also affects the joints, the so-called gouty arthritis. In addition, with this pathology, uric acid crystals are deposited under the skin. Such deposits are called tophi. All patients must be prescribed a diet with elevated uric acid in the blood and drug therapy which promotes the excretion of urate from the body. In more detail about the treatment of gout and drugs that remove uric acid from the body, we will talk further;
diseases endocrine system. hyperfunction parathyroid glands leads to an increase in the concentration of calcium in the blood, and this in turn to hyperuricemia. Diabetes accompanied by a violation of almost all types of metabolism in the body, including purine;
overweight and obesity. These conditions do not directly affect purine metabolism, but increase the risk of hypertension, gout and diabetes;
increased cholesterol levels in the body and atherosclerosis. Hyperuricemia is often associated with high cholesterol and atherosclerosis;
pathology of the urinary system. In this case, we can talk about a vicious circle, since uric acid is a component of stones. In turn, urolithiasis contributes to nephropathy, polycystosis, renal failure, that is, conditions that cause hyperuricemia;
blood pathology. Polycythemia, anemia, erythrocyte hemolysis, leukemia, and others can lead to hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia in blood diseases is explained by the fact that tissues and purine bases, from which uric acid is synthesized, are actively decomposing, enter the blood.

Also, an increased amount of uric acid in the body can be formed with massive burns, Down syndrome, unbalanced nutrition, alcohol abuse, long-term protein diets, excessive physical activity, taking Furosemide, Aspirin, Theophylline and other drugs.

Decrease in the level of uric acid in the blood: what does it mean?

If uric acid in the blood is lowered, then they speak of hypouricemia. Causes of hypouricemia can be the following pathological conditions:

lack in the body of enzymes such as xanthine oxidase and phosphorylase, which are involved in purine metabolism. Such conditions can be both congenital and acquired;
mutations in the URAT1 and GLUT9 genes, since they are responsible for the regulation of uric acid reabsorption in the proximal tubules of the kidneys;
polydipsia;
a large introduction of fluid into the body during infusion therapy;
hyponatremia;
intravenous nutrition;
HIV infection and AIDS;
crayfish different localization, which leads to depletion of the body;
diseases of the small and large intestines, in which the intake of proteins is disturbed, and others.

Hypouricemia can occur in the first trimester of pregnancy, low protein diets, drinking large amounts of caffeinated beverages, taking drugs such as Losartan, Aspirin and Trimethoprim, and estrogen therapy.

In most cases, mild hyperuricemia is discovered incidentally biochemical analysis blood, because it does not give any clinical manifestations.

But a sufficiently high level of hyperuricemia will manifest symptoms such as:

arthralgia (pain in the joints);
the appearance of spots, tophi and ulcers on the skin;
oliguria (reduction in the daily volume of urine);
hyperemia of the skin over the elbow and knee joints;
increased blood pressure;
arrhythmia;
increased fatigue;
general weakness;
stone plaque on the teeth and others.

Also, patients will have manifestations of the underlying disease, which led to hyperuricemia.

Hypouricemia: symptoms

Hypouricemia may cause the following symptoms:

reduction of all types of skin sensitivity;
decreased vision, up to blindness;
hearing loss;
violation of the psycho-emotional sphere in the form of asthenia;
memory impairment;
paralysis, including respiratory muscles;
demyelination of nerve fibers.

First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of hypouricemia.

It can also be improved with balanced nutrition. In the daily diet, foods rich in purines must be present, namely: meat, fish, legumes, liver, kidneys, mushrooms, spinach, cocoa, chocolate and others.

To calculate the daily amount of protein used the following formula:

for women: 1g * 1kg;
for men: 1.7-2.5 g * 1 kg;
for baby: 1.5g * 1kg.

How to remove uric acid from the body?

Before you start lowering the level of uric acid in the blood, you need to find out the cause of its increase. After the cause is determined, treatment of the underlying disease begins and is applied in parallel. the following ways:

diet;
normalization of weight;
drinking enough fluids;
drug therapy;
folk remedies.

Let's consider each method in more detail.

Diet for gout and high uric acid should be low-calorie. Patients with normal weight are assigned table No. 5 according to Pevzner, and with overweight- table number 8.

During an exacerbation of gout, remove foods that contain purines from the daily diet, namely:

by-products: brains, liver, kidneys, tongue, thyroid gland;
veal;
chick;
fatty meats, fish and poultry;
smoked meat and fish products;
canned fish products;
concentrated broths from poultry, fish and meat;
legumes;
mushrooms;
greens (sorrel, spinach);
caffeinated drinks;
alcoholic drinks;
chocolate and cocoa.

It is better to cook food with gentle heat treatment methods, that is, steam, boil or stew. You should also give preference to liquid dishes and products.

In addition, you need to drink a large amount of liquid - 2-3 liters. It's better to drink clean water without gas and sugar or slightly carbonated alkaline water.

How to lower uric acid in the blood with medication?

Drug treatment for hyperuricemia is the use of the following drugs:

diuretics such as Furosemide, Hypothiazid, Veroshpiron, Indapamide and others;
Allopurinol, Apurin, Uridoside, Uriprim and others that reduce the severity of hyperuricemia by binding xanthine oxidase;
Benzobromarone, Urinorm, Dezurik, Normurat. These drugs bind enzymes that are involved in purine metabolism;
Sulfinpyrazone, Sulfazone and Pirocard activate the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys;
Etamide - blocks the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys.

Any of the above drugs can be taken only as prescribed by the attending physician under the control of the level of uric acid in the blood.

How to reduce uric acid with simple folk remedies?

Folk remedies for hyperuricemia are used exclusively as a prophylaxis or addition to the main drug treatment.

For your attention The most effective folk remedies for hyperuricemia:

Infusion of lingonberry leaves: 1 tablespoon of crushed fresh or dried lingonberry leaves is poured with one glass of boiling water, covered with a lid and allowed to brew for 35 minutes. One glass of infusion is taken orally before meals three times a day.
Nettle juice: 5 ml of freshly squeezed nettle juice is consumed daily before each meal.
A decoction of birch leaves: 20 grams of crushed fresh or dried birch leaves are poured into 250 ml of boiling water, put on low heat and boiled for 20 minutes, after which they are allowed to brew under the lid for 30 minutes and filtered through a fine sieve or gauze. 50 ml of medication is taken orally 3-4 times a day before meals.
Baths with infusion medicinal herbs: carefully mix 100 grams chamomile, calendula and sage. After that, they take 1 glass of the resulting collection, pour it with 2 liters of boiling water, cover with a lid and leave for 2-3 hours. When the infusion has cooled to body temperature, it is poured into a wide basin and the legs or arms are lowered into it, that is, those limbs where the joints are affected by gouty arthritis. Such a bath is carried out for 15-20 minutes once a day before going to bed. The course of treatment consists of 20 procedures.

To avoid a repeated increase in uric acid in the blood, you must follow the above diet for life, keep healthy lifestyle life, control weight, etc., since the diseases that lead to hyperuricemia are mostly chronic and incurable.