Interferon for injection instructions for use. Human leukocyte interferon. Application of interferon analogues in medicine

Interferon - instructions for use describe in detail the effect of the drug in the form of drops, injections or tablets on specific receptors of viral proteins on the surface of cells. Due to its natural origin, the medicine rarely leads to the development of allergies, is non-toxic, and is suitable for pregnant women and small children.

Interferon drug

The medicine is used for therapy and prevention of various diseases caused by viruses. Release forms have their own characteristics of impact both on the body as a whole and on viral vibrios. The substance alpha interferon is produced by human cells - blood leukocytes, and is part of basic immunity. In cases where the viral load is too high or the immune system is incompetent, drugs containing the active substance and drugs are prescribed that stimulate white blood cells to produce it additionally.

Compound

The medicine contains:

• natural human leukocyte interferon;
• sodium chloride;
• a mixture of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and dihydrogenate;
• potato or corn starch;
• ethanol;
• additional ingredients, Excipients(flavoring additives, fragrances).

Release form

The medicine is available in several forms:

• form of drops (for intranasal use, ear, eye for instillation);
• inhalation product in powder form;
• pills;
• solutions for intramuscular administration;
• rectal suppositories.

The forms of the drug differ from each other in doses of the active substance and auxiliary components. The choice of the appropriate form for treatment depends on the severity of the patient’s condition, his age, and the affected organ or system. For example, for a respiratory viral infection, it is advisable to prescribe medicine a course of inhalations or tablets, and for the treatment of acute hepatitis injections are required. Inhalations are diluted for one time; the solution cannot be stored.

It is recommended for a child (especially a younger age) to prescribe rectal suppositories Interferon for the prevention of ARVI during influenza epidemics. A well-developed network of rectal vessels will ensure complete absorption of the drug. In addition, the child will not feel anxious or capricious - the suppository can be inserted quickly and painlessly. To treat respiratory infections, doctors prescribe nasal drops to children. Intranasal administration of the drug is not recommended for children under two years of age.

The ability of a drug to enter the blood and its maximum concentration depends on the form of release of the drug and the method of administration:

• The tablets are completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, the bioavailability of the active component (content in the blood) is 60%, the ability to bind proteins is 70%. The half-life lasts up to a day. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys, partly through bile.
• Dry powder for inhalation enters through the respiratory tract, is absorbed into the blood in small doses (up to 30%), does not bind to blood proteins, the elimination period (with preserved kidney function) is 6-12 hours. Rectal suppositories and nasal drops have almost identical characteristics: they are absorbed through the mucous membranes. Bioavailability is up to 90%. They are eliminated from the body in about 12 hours.
• Solution for intravenous administration has 100% bioavailability, it is excreted from the body in a day or more, therefore parenteral use of the drug has the greatest antiviral activity and is used to relieve severe conditions of patients. Used mainly for inpatient treatment, it is more convenient to be treated at home with other forms of medication.

Indications for use

Taking Interferon is indicated in the following cases:

• viral lesions (for example, viral hepatitis);
• as an immunomodulatory agent;
• for the prevention of influenza, ARVI;
• when identifying thymic tumor cells in children as an immunomodulatory agent;
• prescribed when oncological diseases, since it can have an antitumor effect;
• encephalitis;
• as an immunostimulant;
• chronic leukemia;
• hepatitis virus in remission;
• acute infections and respiratory diseases;

The widespread use of Interferon increasingly causes viral replication (mutation); attending physicians have to increase the dose of the drug, which can negatively affect the liver (especially if it is already affected by acute hepatitis). For greatest effectiveness, synthetic types of drugs are used: interferon alpha-2b, interferon gamma and interferon inducers. Thanks to this treatment, the impact of viruses on the membranes of the body's cells is significantly reduced.

Contraindications

The drug is contraindicated if the patient has:

• failure of the kidneys or urinary system, acute or chronic;
• severe congenital diseases, heart defects;
• liver cirrhosis, liver failure;
• neurological diseases, epilepsy;
• violation normal operation thyroid gland, other endocrinological disorders;
• allergic reactions protein;
• interferon is contraindicated during treatment with immunosuppressants;
• melanomas on the skin.

Directions for use and dosage

For the prevention of respiratory viral diseases The medicine should be taken in courses. Adults are prescribed one tablet 2 times a day, children are prescribed drops or rectal suppositories in the nose 2-3 times a day. In the presence of symptoms, syndromes of serious viral lesions, a combined drug therapy injections, tablets. Prescribing multiple drugs at once requires 24-hour monitoring medical personnel, monitoring test results over time.

Preparation of a solution for inhalation does not require specialized skills. The prepared solution must be poured into a special container and the device must be turned on. Recombinant interferon works best in the form of inhalations for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, suppressing the synthesis of viral proteins and providing a powerful antiviral effect.

special instructions

Patients who have allergic reactions to drugs containing Interferon or its metabolites should take the medicine with caution. People with inflammatory diseases gastrointestinal tract, ulcers should take the drug subcutaneously or intravenous injections. A viral infection at the initial stage of development or disease prevention does not require high concentrations of an antiviral substance, therefore Interferon should be taken in the form of tablets or ointments with the lowest percentage of the active substance.

No toxic effects of the drug on the fetus have been identified; therapeutic doses of the drug do not affect the course of pregnancy. It is recommended to use Interferon for the prevention of viral infections (measles, rubella, influenza, chickenpox) for women in the early stages of pregnancy who have a constant environment unfavorable for the pregnant woman. Breastfeeding may not be stopped while taking the medicine - the medicine does not have any negative influence during the lactation period per child.

Interferon for children

Interferon is not prescribed to infants and premature babies due to poor development of the excretory system. In the future, each drug is selected strictly individually, depending on the age, condition, stage of development of the child’s disease, presence concomitant diseases or complications. It is not recommended for use in children with genetic diseases, congenital intolerance to egg white and lactose.

Drug interactions

The drug does not actively interact with other drugs, but tends to enhance or weaken the effects of some antibiotics. Hormonal drugs, intended for contraception, may weaken their effect under the influence of certain metabolites. Before taking Interferon at the same time as other medications, you should consult your doctor. Dosing intervals depend on the concentrations of active substances. Concomitant use with paracetamol is not recommended.

Side effects

Interferon does not cause side effects when administered correctly and at the correct dosage. However, in some special cases, undesirable effects appear as follows:

• heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmia);
• acute urinary retention (more than six hours);
• an increase in liver enzymes in the biochemical blood test;
• yellowness of the skin;
• nausea, vomiting, dizziness;
• itching, skin rash.

Overdose

If a single dose is exceeded or daily dose Taking the drug, signs of an allergic reaction occur: rash, hives, redness on the skin. If the dosage of the drug is systematically exceeded, the main symptoms are observed in the gastrointestinal tract: vomiting, heartburn, nausea. At the first signs of an overdose of Interferon, you should contact your doctor to prescribe another antiviral drug. The duration of the course of treatment may increase.

Analogs

In connection with the development of pharmaceuticals, there are many analogues of the drug on the market, as well as medications used to supplement the main therapy with Interferon:

Interferon price

You can buy Interferon at a pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. The price depends on several factors:

• release form;
• percentage of active ingredient (the price directly depends on this indicator);
• character, quality of additional ingredients;
• company manufacturer.

The table will tell you the approximate order of prices:

Interferon tablets, 10 pcs.

Interferon in ampoules, 10 ampoules

Interferon ointment, 50 ml

Interferon for inhalation, 100 ml

Reviews

The child was prescribed nasal drops to prevent influenza in the fall. As a result, they survived the flu epidemic without getting sick. There were no side effects, only my son sneezed for some time after the drug was administered - the pipette irritated the mucous membrane. The drug was taken for three weeks, then a month off and another three weeks of use.

Angelina, 30 years old

I have chronic hepatitis, my liver functions are preserved only thanks to Interferon. Previously, I was admitted to a hospital, but now I am treated regularly at home with injections. I dissolve the contents of the ampoule for parenteral administration in water and inject it into the thigh. Sometimes additional pills are prescribed if the tests are bad. The last course began to cause side effects.

Alexander, 55 years old

I regularly take medicine in tablets for immunomodulation. I suffer from chronic viral hepatitis. Without Interferon I get sick instantly and have a hard time with the disease. I am undergoing treatment with tablets, it is more convenient than injections. Flu symptoms sometimes make themselves felt (fever, runny nose), but in general they do not affect your well-being.

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on individual characteristics specific patient.

Interferon - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (nasal drops, solution and suppositories of alpha 2 interferon) medications for the treatment of influenza, ARVI, hepatitis in adults, children (including infants) and during pregnancy

In this article you can read the instructions for use of the drug Interferon. Feedback from site visitors - consumers - is presented of this medicine, as well as the opinions of specialist doctors on the use of Interferon in their practice. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not stated by the manufacturer in the annotation. Interferon analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment and prevention of influenza, ARVI and hepatitis B and C in adults, children (including newborns and infants), as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Interferon is a mixture of different subtypes of natural alpha interferon from human blood leukocytes. It has antiviral, immunostimulating and antiproliferative effects. The antiviral effect of the drug is based mainly on increasing the resistance of body cells that have not yet been infected with the virus to possible effects. By binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, interferon alpha changes the properties of the cell membrane, stimulates specific enzymes, affects the RNA of the virus and prevents its replication. The immunomodulatory effect of interferon alpha is associated with stimulating the activity of macrophages and NK (Natural killer) cells, which, in turn, participate in the body’s immune response to tumor cells.

For parenteral use:

• hepatitis B and C
• genital warts
• hairy cell leukemia
• multiple myeloma
• non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
• mycosis fungoides
• Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS without a history of acute infections
• renal carcinoma
• malignant melanoma.

For rectal use:

• treatment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis.

For intranasal use:

Suppositories for rectal useME.

Lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for intranasal administration of 1000 IU (nasal drops).

Liquid solution for local application and inhalations 1000 IU/ml.

Instructions for use and dosage regimen

Intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intranasally. The dose is selected individually for each patient.

Hairy cell leukemia: initial dose - 3 million IU per day for a week, maintenance treatment - 3 million IU 3 times a week.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: days 1-3 - 3 million IU per day, days 4-6 - 9 million IU per day, days 7-84 - 18 million IU per day; maintenance treatment - maximum tolerated dose (no more than 18 million IU) 3 times a week.

Kaposi's sarcoma against the background of AIDS: initial dose of 3 million IU per day in the first 3 days, days 4-6 - 9 million IU per day, days 7-9 - 18 million IU per day, if tolerated, the dose is increased to 36 million IU per day ; maintenance treatment - the maximum tolerated dose (but not more than 36 million IU) 3 times a week.

Renal cell carcinoma: 36 million IU per day with monotherapy or 18 million IU 3 times a week in combination with vinblastine. The dose is increased gradually, according to the scheme, starting with 3 million IU over 84 days. Melanoma - 18 million IU 3 times a week for 8-12 weeks.

Chronic myeloid leukemia and thrombocytosis in chronic myeloid leukemia: days 1-3 - 3 million IU per day, days 4-6 - 6 million IU per day, days 7-84 - 9 million IU per day, course week.

Thrombocytosis in myeloproliferative diseases, except for chronic myeloid leukemia: days 1-3 - 3 million IU per day, days 4-30 - 6 million IU per day.

Chronic active hepatitis B - 4.5 million IU 3 times a week for 6 months.

Chronic hepatitis C: initial dose - 6 million IU 3 times a week for 3 months; maintenance dose - 3 million IU 3 times a week for another 3 months.

For primary and secondary thrombocytosis, 2 million IU per day is prescribed at the beginning of treatment, 5 days a week for 4-5 weeks. If the platelet count does not decrease after 2 weeks, the dose is increased to 3 million IU per day; if there is no effect by the end of the third week, the dose is increased to 6 million IU per day. For initial thrombocytopenia (less than 15 G/l), the initial dose is 0.5 million IU. During the transition phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia and myelofibrosis, 1-3 million IU per day is prescribed according to the regimen; for multiple myeloma, 1 million IU every other day in combination with cytostatics and corticosteroids for at least 2 months.

Intranasally - for the treatment of influenza and ARVI.

• fever;
• headache;
• myalgia;
• weakness;
• loss of appetite;
• nausea, vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• arterial hypotension;
• arrhythmia;
• drowsiness;
• disturbance of consciousness;
• dry skin;
• erythema;
• skin rash;
• general weakness;
• granulocytopenia.

When used parenterally, side effects are observed much more often than with other routes of administration.

• severe organic heart disease;
• severe dysfunction of the liver or kidneys;
• epilepsy and/or dysfunction of the central nervous system;
• chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver with symptoms of liver failure;
• chronic hepatitis in patients receiving or recently receiving treatment with immunosuppressants (except for treatment with corticosteroids);
• autoimmune hepatitis;
• thyroid diseases resistant to traditional therapy;
• confirmed hypersensitivity to interferon alpha.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of interferon alpha drugs during pregnancy is possible only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. If it is necessary to use it in a nursing mother during lactation, the issue of stopping breastfeeding should be decided.

Patients of reproductive age should use reliable methods of contraception during therapy.

Use with caution in patients with a history of a recent myocardial infarction, as well as in cases of changes in blood clotting and myelodepression.

For thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of less than / µl, s.c. should be used.

If CNS side effects develop in elderly patients receiving high doses of interferon alfa, careful evaluation should be performed and treatment should be interrupted if necessary.

Patients should receive hydration therapy, especially during the initial period of treatment.

In patients with hepatitis C receiving interferon alfa therapy for systemic use, thyroid dysfunction, expressed in hypo- or hyperthyroidism, is possible. Therefore, before starting a course of treatment, the level of TSH in the blood serum should be determined and treatment should be started only if the TSH level in the blood is normal.

Use interferon alfa with caution concomitantly with hypnotics. sedatives, opioid analgesics.

Since interferons inhibit oxidative metabolism in the liver, the biotransformation of drugs metabolized by this route may be impaired.

When used simultaneously with ACE inhibitors possible synergism regarding hematotoxic action; with zidovudine - synergism regarding myelotoxic action; with paracetamol - it is possible to increase the activity of liver enzymes; with theophylline - decreased clearance of theophylline.

Analogues of the drug Interferon

Structural analogues of the active substance:

• Alfaferon;
• Wellferon;
• Interferon alpha-2b human recombinant;
• Human leukocyte interferon;
• Human leukocyte interferon liquid;
• Interferon leukocyte human dry;
• Human leukocyte interferon;
• Human leukocyte interferon in suppositories;
• Interferon alpha-2 recombinant ointment on a hydrogel basis;
• Inferon;
• Lokferon.

News edited by: admin016, 16:28

Interferon tablets: instructions for use

The instructions for use indicate that the tablet drug is prescribed to strengthen the immune system. When used correctly, the drug helps to significantly increase immunity in childhood and adulthood. In addition, the medicine quickly helps suppress harmful viruses, including chlamydia.

Doctors prescribe pills if they suspect cancer. When using interferon tablets in complex treatment, they will help significantly slow down the growth of tumor cells.

Composition and spectrum of action

IN medicinal product only protein compounds are included. Such compounds are produced by cells in direct response to penetration foreign body. Therefore, the composition of the drug in this form of release includes alpha interferon. The tablets have a wide spectrum of action:

• Antitumor.
• Antimicrobial.
• Antipoliferative.
• The drug helps inhibit the replication of harmful viruses.
• The tablets prevent cell proliferation.
• Immunomodulatory spectrum of action.

Main indications for use

The drug in any form of release can be used for many diseases.

• Prescribed as a treatment for hepatitis C and B, for leukemia, but only hairy cell, as well as for mycosis, condyloma, or Kaposi's sarcoma.
• In addition to this list of indications, the tablet drug can be used in complex treatment.
• Renal carcinoma.
• For chronic viral hepatitis, as well as during exacerbation.
• For acute respiratory infection.
• As a preventive measure, it can be prescribed for influenza or upper respiratory tract diseases.

IN childhood Other forms of Interferon can also be used as treatment. Prescribed under the strict supervision of a pediatrician.

For children, the drug is prescribed as a treatment for infectious and inflammatory diseases directly of the respiratory system. also in complex therapy You can take tablets for meningitis, sepsis, mumps or chickenpox.

Often prescribed for more severe diseases, Interferon can be used to treat chronic hepatitis of viral etiology.

Important! Do not give the medicine to your child on your own. It is necessary to know the exact dosage, otherwise serious side effects may occur that will aggravate the course of the disease and the general condition of the child.

Contraindications and side effects

Like all drugs, Interferon is not prescribed to all patients. There are certain contraindications for which tablets cannot be taken, not only as treatment, but also as prevention.

If there is a history of heart disease, epilepsy, as well as with disorders of the central nervous system, doctors do not prescribe this drug.

Additional contraindications include:

• Cirrhosis of the liver.
• In the presence of hepatitis, but only autoimmune.
• For diseases of the thyroid gland.
• Also, the drug is not prescribed to patients with hypersensitivity. Since the composition of the medicine in this form of release includes additional components.

If you take the drug incorrectly, side effects may occur.

1. Most often they are expressed in severe headache, the patient experiences fever, general weakness, and myalgia.
2. From the cardiovascular system, the patient may experience: high blood pressure, arrhythmia.
3. The drug affects the central nervous system, especially if the dosage is incorrect. Therefore, side effects include impaired consciousness and drowsiness.
4. Violations by digestive tract. Vomiting and nausea often occur. More rare side effects include diarrhea.
5. In addition, the patient may experience allergic reactions. Wherein skin covering becomes dry, rash and erythema appear.

Mode of application

The drug is prescribed only by the attending physician; independent use of the drug as treatment is prohibited.

If the drug is prescribed in tablet form, then it must be taken in a dose equal to 2050 IU, directly for each kilogram of the patient’s weight.

If necessary, the doctor can increase the dosage of the medicine, it all depends on the type and severity of the disease.

But, maximum dose tablets should not exceed IU.

Interaction with other tools

Tablets and other forms of release are not used in complex treatment with corticosteroid drugs. If you take two medications at the same time, adverse reactions may occur.

Also, tablets are not prescribed together with cytostams. Otherwise, it may lead to an additive effect.

Other combinations of complex therapy are prescribed by the doctor, based on the main pharmacological spectrum of action and the composition of the drug.

Interferon must be stored in a dry place that is not exposed to direct Sun rays, and also in an area inaccessible to children. This drug is dispensed strictly according to a prescription and is stored on List B. Since the tablets have a wide spectrum of action, they are not combined with all drugs in complex treatment, as well as wide list contraindications.

Please note that the storage temperature of the tablet product should be in the range from +2 to +8°C.

Analogs

If this remedy does not bring a positive effect, doctors can prescribe analogues. The drug interferon alfa-2a has 2 analogues, namely Reaferon or Roferon.

Regarding recombinant human interferon, then you can replace it with Intron-A, Intrek or Viferon.

Broad-spectrum analogues:

The cost of Interferon depends on the form of release. The tableted product costs about rubles per package.

Reaferon lipint also contains interferon, I take these capsules when I have the flu. Indeed, such tablets have a number of contraindications and side effects, but without them you cannot cure the flu, because it is a virus. Therefore, go to the doctor and follow his recommendations.

Interferon

Prices in online pharmacies:

Interferon is a drug that has a direct effect on the body's immune system. It has a pronounced antiviral, antiproliferative, and antitumor effect.

Release form and composition

The active ingredient of the drug Interferon is a specific protein synthesized by human leukocytes.

The medicine is available in the following forms:

• Lyophilized powder;
• Solution for topical use;
• Injection;
• Rectal suppositories.

Indications for use

According to the instructions attached to Interferon, indications for its use depend on the form of release of the drug.

Injection:

• Hepatitis B and C;
• Condylomas acuminata;
• Leukemia, hairy cell leukemia – tricholeukemia;
• Tick-borne encephalitis;
• Condition after surgical treatment of respiratory papillomatosis of the larynx;
• Multiple myeloma;
• T-cell lymphoma – mycosis fungoides;
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas;
• Chronic myeloid leukemia;
• Reticulosarcoma;
• Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome;
• Malignant melanoma;
• Thrombocytosis – primary (essential) and secondary;
• Chronic granulocytic leukemia and myelofibrosis are transitional forms.

Interferon in the form of suppositories:

• Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome;
• Viral hepatitis;
• Immunodeficiency conditions of a secondary nature.

Lyophilized powder and solution for topical use:

• Prevention and treatment of influenza, ARVI;
• Eye diseases of viral etiology.

Contraindications

The use of Interferon is contraindicated in the following diseases and states:

• Hypersensitivity;
• Chronic cardiac failure;
• Acute myocardial infarction – acute period;
• Autoimmune diseases;
• Diabetes mellitus – severe forms;
• Lung diseases;
• Liver or kidney failure;
• Chicken pox;
• Cirrhosis of the liver;
• Thyroid diseases;
• Severe mental disorders, epilepsy;
• Lactation period.

The use of Interferon requires caution in case of post-infarction cardiosclerosis, arrhythmias, herpes simplex, disorders of bone marrow hematopoiesis, and also during pregnancy.

Directions for use and dosage

According to the instructions, Interferon in injection solution should be used parenterally - subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. The dosage depends on the nature of the disease and the age of the patient.

Interferon in the form of powder and solution for topical use is used intranasally and conjunctivally. The drug is administered by inhalation using an inhaler of any system or instillation of an aqueous solution - the powder is diluted in 2 ml of distilled or cooled boiled water before use.

To prevent influenza and ARVI, the medicine is instilled 5 drops into each nasal passage twice a day with an interval of 6 hours.

For the purpose of treatment, the drug Interferon should be used at an early stage of the disease when the first symptoms of malaise appear, 5 drops every 1-2 hours at least 5 times a day for 2-3 days.

In ophthalmological practice in acute period For diseases, the medicine is administered 2-3 drops into each eye 3 to 10 times a day. When the condition improves - up to 5-6 times during the day. The course of treatment is no more than 14 days.

Interferon in the form of suppositories is used rectally for hemorrhagic fever, acute hepatitis B in children, and secondary immunodeficiency states. The dosage is determined individually, the duration of treatment is no more than 14 days.

Side effects

The use of Interferon, especially when administered parenterally, may cause the following side effects:

• Influenza-like syndrome – headache, myalgia, fever, chills;
• Decreased appetite, abnormal bowel habits, nausea, vomiting, dry oral mucosa, heartburn, liver failure;
• Anemia, decreased number of leukocytes and platelets in the blood;
• Fluctuations in pressure, pain in chest, arrhythmias;
• Dizziness, decreased cognitive function and concentration, sleep disturbance, somnolepsy, numbness of the limbs or face, confusion, paresthesia, cramps of the calf muscles;
• blurred vision, ischemic retinopathy;
• Dry skin, rash, itching, hair loss, hyperhidrosis;
• Thyroid gland dysfunction.

special instructions

During treatment with the antiviral drug Interferon, it is necessary to monitor blood test values ​​and liver function. In case of severe thrombocytopenia, the medicine should be administered subcutaneously.

In case of side effects from the central nervous system in patients receiving high doses of the drug, additional examination is required, and if necessary, discontinuation of the drug.

To reduce the severity of influenza-like syndrome, parallel administration of paracetamol is indicated.

At the initial stage of treatment with Interferon, hydration therapy is necessary.

In patients with hepatitis C, an antiviral drug can cause dysfunction of the thyroid gland, so its use should be started only when normal level hormones.

During the period of use of the drug Interferon, care must be taken when driving vehicles and other moving mechanisms.

Analogs

Synonyms of Interferon include the drugs Alfaferon, Diaferon, Interlock, Inferon, Leukinferon, Lokferon.

Similar pharmacological action have such medicines as:

Terms and conditions of storage

According to the instructions supplied with Interferon, the drug should be stored in a dry place at a temperature of 2-8 °C.

Shelf life – 1 year.

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Interferon human leukocyte 1000IU No. 10 ampoules

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Interferon

Description current as of 11/11/2014

• Latin name: Interferon
• ATX code: L03AB
• Active ingredient: In interferon preparations the following can be used as an active component: human α, β or γ interferon (IFN)
• Manufacturer: Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland; Schering-Plough, USA; InterMune, USA, etc.

Compound

The composition of interferon preparations depends on their release form.

Release form

Interferon preparations have the following release forms:

• lyophilized powder for the preparation of eye and nasal drops, injection solution;
• injection solution;
• eye drops;
• eye films;
• nasal drops and spray;
• ointment;
• dermatological gel;
• liposomes;
• aerosol;
• oral solution;
• rectal suppositories;
• vaginal suppositories;
• implants;
• microenemas;
• tablets (interferon tablets are available under the brand name Entalferon).

pharmachologic effect

IFN drugs belong to the group of drugs with antiviral and immunomodulatory effects.

All IFNs have antiviral and antitumor effects. No less important is their ability to stimulate macrophages - cells that play important role in the initiation of cellular immunity.

IFNs help increase the body's resistance to the penetration of viruses, and also block the reproduction of viruses when they penetrate the cell. The latter is due to the ability of IFN to suppress the translation of the messenger RNA of the virus.

However, the antiviral effect of IFN is not directed against specific viruses, that is, IFNs are not characterized by virus specificity. This is precisely what explains their versatility and wide range of antiviral activity.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The main biological effect of α-IFN is the inhibition of viral protein synthesis. The antiviral state of the cell develops within several hours after administration of the drug or induction of IFN production in the body.

However, IFN has no effect on early stages replicative cycle, that is, at the stage of adsorption, penetration of the virus into the cell (penetration) and release of the internal component of the virus in the process of “undressing”.

The antiviral effect of α-IFN occurs even when cells are infected with infectious RNA. IFN does not penetrate the cell, but only interacts with specific receptors on cell membranes (gangliosides or similar structures that contain oligosugars).

The mechanism of IFN alpha activity resembles the action of individual glycopeptide hormones. It stimulates the activity of genes, some of which are involved in encoding the formation of products with a direct antiviral effect.

β interferons also have an antiviral effect, which is associated with several mechanisms of action. Beta interferon activates NO synthetase, which in turn increases the concentration of nitric oxide inside the cell. The latter plays a key role in suppressing the reproduction of viruses.

β-IFN activates the secondary, effector functions of natural killer cells, B-type lymphocytes, blood monocytes, tissue macrophages (mononuclear phagocytes) and neutrophil leukocytes, which are characterized by antibody-dependent and antibody-independent cytotoxicity.

In addition, β-IFN blocks the release of the internal component of the virus and disrupts the processes of RNA methylation of the virus.

γ-IFN is involved in the regulation of the immune response and regulates the expression inflammatory reactions. Despite the fact that it has an independent antiviral and antitumor effect, gamma interferon is very weak. At the same time, it significantly enhances the activity of α- and β-IFN.

After parenteral administration, the maximum concentration of IFN in the blood plasma is observed after 3-12 hours. The bioavailability indicator is 100% (both after injection under the skin and after injection into the muscle).

The half-life T½ ranges from 2 to 7 hours. Trace concentrations of IFN in blood plasma are not detectable after 16–24 hours.

Indications for use

IFN is indicated for the treatment of viral diseases affecting the respiratory tract.

In addition, interferon preparations are prescribed to patients with chronic forms hepatitis B, C and Delta.

For the treatment of viral diseases and, in particular, hepatitis C, IFN-α is used predominantly (both of its forms - IFN-alpha 2b and IFN-alpha 2a). Pegylated interferons alpha-2b and alpha-2a are considered to be the “gold standard” for the treatment of hepatitis C. In comparison, conventional interferons are less effective.

Genetic polymorphisms observed in the IL28B gene, which is responsible for encoding IFN lambda-3, cause significant differences in the effect of treatment.

Patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C with common alleles of this gene are more likely to achieve longer and more pronounced treatment results compared to other patients.

Contraindications

Interferon is not prescribed to patients with hypersensitivity to him, as well as to children and adolescents suffering from severe mental disorders and disorders of the nervous system, which are accompanied by thoughts of suicide and suicide attempts, severe and prolonged depression.

In combination with the antiviral drug Ribavirin, IFN is contraindicated in patients diagnosed with serious renal impairment (conditions in which creatinine clearance is less than 50 ml/min).

Interferon drugs are contraindicated in epilepsy (in cases where appropriate therapy does not produce the expected clinical effect).

Side effects

Interferon belongs to the category of drugs that can cause a large number of adverse reactions from various systems and organs. In most cases, they are a consequence of the administration of interferon intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, but they can also be provoked by other pharmaceutical forms of the drug.

The most common adverse reactions to taking IFN are:

Somewhat less common are vomiting, increased drowsiness, dry mouth, hair loss (alopecia), asthenia; nonspecific symptoms resembling flu symptoms; back pain, depressive conditions, musculoskeletal pain, thoughts of suicide and attempted suicide, general malaise, impaired taste and concentration, increased irritability, sleep disorders (often insomnia), hypotension, confusion.

Rare side effects include: pain on the right side of the upper abdomen, rashes on the body (erythematous and maculopapular), increased nervousness, pain and severe inflammation at the injection site of the drug, secondary viral infection (including infection with the herpes simplex virus), increased dryness of the skin, itching, pain in the eyes, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, dysfunction of the lacrimal glands, anxiety, lability mood; psychotic disorders, including hallucinations, increased aggression, etc.; hyperthermia, dyspeptic symptoms, respiratory disorders, weight loss, tachycardia, loose stools, myositis, hyper- or hypothyroidism, hearing impairment (up to complete loss), formation of infiltrates in the lungs, increased appetite, bleeding gums, cramps in the limbs, dyspnea, renal dysfunction and development renal failure, peripheral ischemia, hyperuricemia, neuropathy, etc.

Treatment with IFN drugs may cause reproductive dysfunction. Studies in primates have shown that interferon disrupts menstrual cycle among women. In addition, in women treated with IFN-α drugs, serum estrogen and progesterone levels decreased.

For this reason, when prescribing interferon, women of childbearing age should use barrier contraception. Men of reproductive age are also advised to be informed of potential side effects.

In rare cases, treatment with interferon may be accompanied by ophthalmological disorders, which are expressed in the form of retinal hemorrhages, retinopathy (including macular edema), focal changes in the retina, decreased visual acuity and/or limitation of visual fields, disc edema optic nerves, neuritis of the optic (second cranial) nerve, obstruction of the retinal arteries or veins.

Sometimes, while taking interferon, hyperglycemia and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome, diabetes, and renal failure can develop. In patients with diabetes mellitus may get worse clinical picture diseases.

The use of interferon in monotherapy or in combination with Ribavirin in isolated cases can provoke aplastic anemia (AA) or even PRACM (complete aplasia of the red bone marrow).

There have also been cases where, during treatment with interferon drugs, a patient developed various autoimmune and immune-mediated disorders (including Werlhof's disease and Moschkowitz's disease).

Interferon, instructions for use

The instructions for the use of alpha, beta and gamma interferons indicate that before prescribing the drug to a patient, it is recommended to determine how sensitive the microflora that caused the disease is to it.

The method of administration of human leukocyte interferon is determined depending on the diagnosis given to the patient. In most cases, it is prescribed as a subcutaneous injection, but in some cases the drug can be injected into a muscle or vein.

The treatment dose, maintenance dose and duration of treatment are determined depending on the clinical situation and the patient’s response to the therapy prescribed to him.

“Children’s” interferon is suppositories, drops and ointment.

Instructions for the use of interferon for children recommend using this drug both therapeutically and as prophylactic. The dose for infants and older children is selected by the attending physician.

For prophylactic purposes, INF is used in the form of a solution, for the preparation of which distilled or boiled water room temperature. The finished solution is colored red and opalescent. It should be stored in the cold for no more than an hour. The drug is instilled into the nose of children and adults.

For viral ophthalmic diseases, the drug is prescribed in the form of eye drops.

As soon as the severity of the symptoms of the disease decreases, the volume of instillations should be reduced to one drop. The course of treatment is from 7 to 10 days.

To treat lesions caused by herpes viruses, a thin layer of ointment is applied to the affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes twice a day, maintaining 12-hour intervals. The course of treatment is from 3 to 5 days (until the integrity of the damaged skin and mucous membranes is completely restored).

To prevent acute respiratory infections and flu, it is necessary to lubricate the nasal passages with ointment. The frequency of procedures during the 1st and 3rd weeks of the course is 2 times a day. It is recommended to take a break during the 2nd week. For preventive purposes, interferon should be used throughout the entire period of the epidemic of respiratory diseases.

The duration of the rehabilitation course for children who often experience recurrent viral-bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, ENT organs, and recurrent infection caused by the herpes simplex virus is two months.

How to dilute and how to use interferon in ampoules?

The instructions for using interferon in ampoules indicate that before use, the ampoule must be opened, water (distilled or boiled) at room temperature must be poured into it up to the mark on the ampoule corresponding to 2 ml.

The contents are gently shaken until completely dissolved. The solution is injected into each nasal passage twice a day, five drops, maintaining intervals of at least six hours between administrations.

IN medicinal purposes IFN is started when the first flu symptoms appear. The earlier the patient starts taking it, the higher the effectiveness of the drug.

The most effective method is the inhalation method (through the nose or mouth). For one inhalation, it is recommended to take the contents of three ampoules of the drug, dissolved in 10 ml of water.

The water is preheated to a temperature of no more than +37 °C. Inhalation procedures are carried out twice a day, maintaining an interval of at least one to two hours between them.

When sprayed or instilled, the contents of the ampoule are dissolved in two milliliters of water and 0.25 ml (or five drops) is administered into each nasal passage three to six times a day. Duration of treatment days.

For preventive purposes, nasal drops for children are instilled (5 drops) twice a day; at the initial stage of the disease, the frequency of instillations is increased: the drug should be administered at least five to six times a day every hour or two.

Many people are interested in whether interferon solution can be dripped into the eyes. The answer to this question is yes.

Overdose

Cases of interferon overdose have not been described.

Interaction

β-IFN is compatible with corticosteroid drugs and ACTH. It should not be taken during treatment with myelosuppressive drugs, incl. cytostatics (this may cause an additive effect).

Beta-IFN is prescribed with caution with drugs whose clearance is largely dependent on the cytochrome P450 system (anti-epileptic drugs, some antidepressants, etc.).

You should not take α-IFN and Telbivudine at the same time. The simultaneous use of α-IFN provokes a mutual enhancement of action against HIV. At joint use with phosphazide, the myelotoxicity of both drugs may mutually increase (it is recommended to carefully monitor changes in the number of granulocytes and hemoglobin levels).

Terms of sale

A prescription is required to dispense the drug.

Storage conditions

Interferon is stored in a cool place, protected from sunlight, at a temperature of +2 to +8°C. List B.

Best before date

24 months. Ready solution of interferon at room temperature remains stable for 3 days.

special instructions

Interferons are a class of glycoproteins with similar properties that are produced by vertebrate cells in response to the influence of various types of inducers, both viral and non-viral in nature.

According to Wikipedia, in order for a biologically active substance to be qualified as an interferon, it must be of a protein nature and have pronounced antiviral activity against various viruses, at least in homologous (similar) cells, “mediated by cellular metabolic processes, including the synthesis of RNA and protein "

The classification of IFNs proposed by the WHO and the Interferon Committee is based on differences in their antigenic, physical, chemical and biological properties. In addition, it takes into account their species and cellular origin.

Based on antigenicity (antigen specificity), IFNs are usually divided into acid-stable and acid-labile. The acid-fast ones include alpha and beta interferons (they are also called type I IFN). Interferon gamma (γ-IFN) is acid labile.

α-IFN is produced by peripheral blood leukocytes (B- and T-type leukocytes), so it was previously designated as leukocyte interferon. There are currently at least 14 varieties of it.

β-IFN is produced by fibroblasts and is therefore also called fibroblastic.

The former designation of γ-IFN is immune interferon, it is produced by stimulated T-type lymphocytes, NK cells (normal (natural) killer cells; from the English “natural killer”) and (presumably) macrophages.

Basic properties and mechanism of action of IFN

Without exception, all IFNs are characterized by multifunctional activity against target cells. Their most common property is the ability to induce an antiviral state in them.

Interferon is used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for various viral infections. A feature of IFN drugs is that their effect weakens with repeated injections.

The mechanism of action of IFN is related to its ability to inhibit viral infections. As a result of treatment with interferon drugs, a kind of barrier of uninfected cells resistant to the virus is formed in the patient’s body around the source of infection, which prevents the further spread of infection.

By interacting with still undamaged (intact) cells, it prevents the implementation of the reproductive cycle of viruses due to the activation of certain cellular enzymes (protein kinases).

The most important functions of interferons are considered to be the ability to suppress hematopoiesis; modulate the body's immune response and inflammation response; regulate the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation; suppress the growth and prevent the proliferation of viral cells; stimulate the expression of surface antigens; suppress individual functions of B- and T-type leukocytes, stimulate the activity of NK cells, etc.

Use of IFN in biotechnology

The development of methods for the synthesis and highly efficient purification of leukocyte and recombinant interferons in quantities sufficient for the production of drugs has opened up the possibility of using IFN drugs for the treatment of patients diagnosed with viral hepatitis.

A distinctive feature of recombinant IFNs is that they are obtained outside human body.

For example, recombinant interferon beta-1a (IFN β-1a) is obtained from mammalian cells (in particular, from Chinese hamster ovary cells), and interferon beta-1b (IFN β-1b), similar in its properties, is produced by belonging to family of enterobacteriaceae coli(Escherichia coli).

Interferon inducer drugs - what are they?

IFN inducers are drugs that do not themselves contain interferon, but at the same time stimulate its production.

Analogs

Each type of interferon has analogues. Interferon alpha-2a preparations - Reaferon, Roferon. Recombinant human interferon alpha 2b is marketed under trademarks Intron-A, Intrek, Viferon.

Interferon for children

According to the instructions, interferon preparations are indicated for children:

IFN is also used in therapy, the purpose of which is the rehabilitation of children who often suffer from respiratory infections.

Most best option administration for children - nasal drops: when used in this way, interferon does not penetrate the gastrointestinal tract (before diluting the drug for the nose, the water should be heated to a temperature of 37 ° C).

For infants, interferon is prescribed in the form of suppositories (150 thousand IU). Suppositories for children should be administered one at a time 2 times a day, maintaining 12-hour intervals between administrations. The course of treatment is 5 days. To completely cure ARVI in a child, as a rule, one course is enough.

For treatment, you should take 0.5 g of ointment twice a day. Treatment lasts on average 2 weeks. Over the next 2-4 weeks, the ointment is used 3 times a week.

Numerous positive reviews about the drug indicate that in this dosage form he has also established himself as effective remedy for the treatment of stomatitis and inflamed tonsils. Interferon inhalations for children are no less effective.

The effect of using the drug increases significantly if a nebulizer is used to administer it (it is necessary to use a device that sprays particles with a diameter of more than 5 microns). Inhalations through a nebulizer have their own specifics.

First, interferon must be inhaled through the nose. Secondly, before using the device, you must turn off the heating function (IFN is a protein; at temperatures above 37°C it is destroyed).

For inhalation in a nebulizer, the contents of one ampoule are diluted in 2-3 ml of distilled or mineral water(you can also use saline solution for these purposes). The resulting volume is enough for one procedure. The frequency of procedures during the day is from 2 to 4.

It is important to remember that long-term treatment of children with interferon is not recommended, since addiction develops to it and, therefore, the expected effect does not develop.

Interferon during pregnancy

An exception may be cases when the expected benefit of therapy for the expectant mother exceeds the risk of adverse reactions and harmful effects on fetal development.

The possibility of isolating recombinant IFN components in breast milk cannot be ruled out. Due to the possibility of exposure to the fetus through milk, IFN is not prescribed to nursing women.

As a last resort, when the administration of IFN cannot be avoided, the woman is advised not to breastfeed during therapy. To soften side effect drug (the occurrence of symptoms similar to those of influenza), simultaneous administration of paracetamol with IFN is recommended.

Preparations containing Interferon alfa-2
Name	Release form	Packaging, pcs.	Country, manufacturer	Price in Moscow, r	Offers in Moscow
Viferon	candles 150 thousand IU	10	Russia, Feron	165- (average 236↘) -272	729↘
Viferon	candles 500 thousand IU	10	Russia, Feron	242- (average 342↗) -431	740↘
Viferon	suppositories 1 million IU	10	Russia, Feron	379- (average 492↗) -632	701↘
Viferon	suppositories 3 million IU	10	Russia, Feron	652- (average 782↗) -883	711↘
Viferon-ointment	40 thousand IU/g - 12 g	1	Russia, Feron	112- (average 171↗) -225	552↘
	powder for injection 1000IU 4 doses	5 and 10	Russia, Microgen	64- (average 83↗) -121	303↘
Interferon leukocyte human dry	powder for injection 0.5ml	10	Russia, Biomed	67- (average 84↗) -113	159↘
Interferon leukocyte human dry	powder for injection 1ml	10	Ukraine, Biolek	70- (average 74) -116	113
Interferon leukocyte human dry	powder for injection 2ml	2 and 10	Russia, Biomed	66- (average 83) -137	250↘
Name	Release form	Packaging, pcs.	Country, manufacturer	Price in Moscow, r	Offers in Moscow
Alfaferone	injection solution 3 million IU/ml 1ml	1	Italy, Alpha Wassermann	1134- (average 1390) -2050	48↗
Alfaferone	solution for injection 6 million IU/ml 1ml	1	Italy, Alpha Wassermann	3100-3565	3↘
	ointment 5g	1	Russia, Vector	No	No
Interferon leukocyte human liquid	solution 2 thousand IU in 2 ml	5	Russia, Biomed im. Mechnikov	55- (average 67↘) -86	11↘
Interal	powder for injection 3mlnIU	5	Russia, GNIIOCHP	No	No
Interferon leukocyte human dry	candles 40 thousandIU	10	Russia, Biomed	No	No
Interferon human recombinant alpha-2	ointment 2g	1	Russia, Vector	No	No
Intron A	injection solution 18 million IU 1.2 ml 6 doses	1	Ireland, Sharing Plough	5990- (average 6000) -7899	39↘
Intron A	injection solution 18 million IU 3 ml 6 doses	1	Belgium, Schering Plau	5990- (average 6090↗) -7886	27↘
Intron A	injection solution 25mlnIU 2.5ml 5 doses	1	Ireland, Sharing Plough	7000- (average 8450↗) -9456	4↘
Intron A	injection solution 30mlnIU 1.2ml 6 doses	1	Ireland, Belgium Schering Plow	9500- (average 10850↘) -11399	3↘
Viferon-ointment	40 thousand IU/g - 10 g	1	Russia, Feron	No	No
Viferon	gel 36 thousand IU/ml - 10 ml	1	Russia, Feron	No	No
Preparations containing a combination of Interferon alpha-2 and human Immunoglobulin
Common forms of release (more than 100 offers in Moscow pharmacies)
Name	Release form	Packaging, pcs.	Country, manufacturer	Price in Moscow, r	Offers in Moscow
Kipferon	suppositories (suppositories) rectal and vaginal	10	Russia, Alpharm	550- (average 757↗) -1166	608↗
Preparations containing Interferon alfa-2a
Common forms of release (more than 100 offers in Moscow pharmacies)
Name	Release form	Packaging, pcs.	Country, manufacturer	Price in Moscow, r	Offers in Moscow
Infagel	gel and ointment 10 thousand IU/g - 2g	1	Russia, Vector	81- (average 102) -127	288↘
Infagel	gel 10 thousand IU/g - 3g	1	Russia, Vector	87- (average 111) -128	128↘
Reaferon-ES-lipint	powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration 250 thousand IU	5	Russia, Vector	410- (average 540↗) -675	166↗
Reaferon-ES-lipint	powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration 1 million IU	5	Russia, Vector	589- (average 967↗) -1200	150↘
Reaferon-ES-lipint	powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration 500 thousand IU	5	Russia, Vector	449- (average 745↗) -1885	209↗
Rarely encountered forms of release (less than 100 offers in Moscow pharmacies)
Name	Release form	Packaging, pcs.	Country, manufacturer	Price in Moscow, r	Offers in Moscow
Infagel	gel 10 thousand IU/g - 5g	1	Russia, Vector	92- (average 130) -149	52↘
Roferon-A	injection solution 3 million IU in cartridge	1	Switzerland, Hofmann-La Roche	1499-2600	77↗
Roferon-Pen	syringe pen	1	Switzerland, Hofmann-La Roche	1710	1
Preparations containing Interferon alfa-2b
Common forms of release (more than 100 offers in Moscow pharmacies)
Name	Release form	Packaging, pcs.	Country, manufacturer	Price in Moscow, r	Offers in Moscow
Altevir	solution for injection 3mlnIU	1 and 5	Russia, Pharmapark	for 1 piece: 525- (average 939↗) -1189; for 5 pieces: 939- (average 1096) - 1254	194↘
Genferon	candles 500 thousand IU	10	Russia, Biocad	240- (average 423) -644	182↘
Genferon	suppositories 1 million IU	10	Russia, Biocad	390- (average 456↘) -824	696↘
Genferon Light	suppositories interferon 125 thousand IU + taurine 5 mg	10	Russia, Biocad	145- (average 222↗) -750	669↘
Genferon Light	suppositories interferon 250 thousand IU + taurine 5 mg	10	Russia, Biocad	179- (average 281↗) -412	510↘
Genferon Light	dosed nasal spray 1 dose - interferon 50 thousand IU + taurine 1 mg - 100 doses	1	Russia, Biocad	197- (average 270) -439	416↘
Giaferon	candles 500 thousand IU	10	Russia, Vitapharma	240-644	182↗
Grippferon	drops 10 thousand IU in 1 ml - 10 ml	1	Russia, Firn M	225- (average 276↗) -311	290↘
Lifferon	powder for injection 5mlnIU	5	Russia, Vector	720- (average 1775) -2902	663↘
PegIntron	powder for injection 100 µg	1	Belgium, Schering Plau	5490- (average 7280↘) -11100	108↘
PegIntron	lyophilized powder for the preparation of injection solution 120 µg	Singapore, Shering Plow	1	5196- (average 7400↗) -11200	138↗
Rarely encountered and discontinued release forms (less than 100 offerings in Moscow pharmacies)
Name	Release form	Packaging, pcs.	Country, manufacturer	Price in Moscow, r	Offers in Moscow
Altevir	solution for injection 5mlnIU	5	Russia, Pharmapark	1352 (average 1651) -2001	99↘
Altevir	solution for injection 10mlnIU	5	Russia, Pharmapark	384-556	2↘
Altevir	solution for injection 1 million IU	5	Russia, Pharmapark	556-1395	2↘
Alfarona	powder for injection and for topical use 3 million IU	5 and 10	Russia, Pharmaklon	for 5 pieces: 900- (average 1049) -1665; for 10 pieces: 890- (average 1039) - 2160	76↘
Alfarona	powder for injection and for topical use 5 million IU	5 and 10	Russia, Pharmaklon	1050-1500	53↗
Alfarona	powder for administration into the nose 50 thousand IU	1	Russia, Pharmaklon	No	No
Genferon	spark plugs 250 thousand IU	10	Russia, Biocad	215- (average 295↗) -405	73↗
Grippferon	drops 10 thousand IU in 1 ml - 5 ml	1	Russia, Firn M	225- (average 274↗) -310	17↘
Lifferon	powder for injection 1 million IU	5	Russia, Vector	468- (average 529↗) -1255	45↗
Lifferon	powder for injection 3mlnIU	5	Russia, Vector	855- (average 1100) -2300	50↘
PegIntron	powder for injection 50 µg	1	Belgium, Schering Plau	5000- (average 7735) -14390	59↘
PegIntron	powder for injection 80 µg	1	Belgium, Schering Plau	5200- (average 6955↗) -11200	65↘
PegIntron	powder for injection 150 µg	1	Belgium, Schering Plau	5668- (average 7659↘) -11039	71↗
Realdiron	powder for injection 3mlnIU	5	Lithuania, Biofa	3200- (average 3500↘) -3550	36↘
Realdiron	powder for injection 6mlnIU	5	Lithuania, Biofa	4500- (average 5290↘) -5899	6↘

Viferon - instructions for use. The drug is a prescription, the information is intended only for healthcare professionals!

pharmachologic effect

A preparation of human recombinant interferon alpha-2. It has pronounced antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties.

The complex composition of the drug determines the presence of a number of additional effects. Due to the content of ascorbic acid and tocopherol acetate in the preparation, the specific antiviral activity of interferon alpha-2 increases, its immunomodulatory effect on T- and B-lymphocytes is enhanced, the level of immunoglobulin E is normalized, and the functioning of the endogenous interferon system is restored. Besides, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol acetate, being highly active antioxidants, have anti-inflammatory, membrane stabilizing, and regenerating properties.

It has been established that when Viferon is used in the form of suppositories, there are no side effects that occur with parenteral administration of interferon preparations, and antibodies that neutralize the antiviral activity of interferon are not formed.

Pharmacokinetics

Data on the pharmacokinetics of the drug Viferon in the form of rectal suppositories are not provided.

Indications for use of the drug VIFERON

• as part of complex therapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases in children, incl. newborns and premature infants: influenza, acute respiratory viral infections (including those complicated by bacterial infection), pneumonia (bacterial, viral, chlamydial), meningitis (bacterial, viral), sepsis, intrauterine infection (chlamydia, herpetic infection, cytomegalovirus infection, enteroviral infections, candidiasis, incl. visceral, mycoplasmosis);
• as part of complex therapy for chronic viral hepatitis B, C, D in children and adults, incl. in combination with the use of plasmapheresis and hemosorption, for chronic viral hepatitis with a pronounced degree of activity and complicated by cirrhosis of the liver;
• as part of complex therapy in adults, incl. in pregnant women, with urogenital infection (chlamydia, cytomegalovirus infection, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis, papillomavirus infection, bacterial vaginosis, recurrent vaginal candidiasis, mycoplasmosis); primary or recurrent herpetic infection of the skin and mucous membranes, localized form, mild to moderate course, incl. urogenital form;
• as part of complex therapy for influenza and other acute respiratory viral diseases (including those complicated by bacterial infection) in adults.

Dosage regimen

As part of complex therapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases in children:

Newborns (including premature babies with a gestational age of more than 34 weeks) are prescribed Viferon 150 thousand IU, 1 suppository 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours. The course of treatment is 5 days.

Premature newborns with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks are prescribed Viferon 150 thousand IU, 1 suppository 3 times a day with an interval of 8 hours. The course of treatment is 5 days.

Recommended number of courses of Viferon for various infectious and inflammatory diseases in children, incl. newborns and premature infants: influenza, ARVI, incl. complicated by bacterial infection - 1-2 courses; pneumonia (bacterial, viral, chlamydial) - 1-2 courses; sepsis - 2-3 courses; meningitis - 1-2 courses; herpetic infection - 2 courses; enterovirus infection - 1-2 courses; cytomegalovirus infection - 2-3 courses; mycoplasmosis, candidiasis, incl. visceral - 2-3 courses. The break between courses is 5 days. According to clinical indications, therapy can be continued.

As part of complex therapy for chronic viral hepatitis B, C, D in children and adults:

For chronic viral hepatitis in children, the dose of the drug depends on age. For children under 6 months of age, Viferon is prescribed at a dose of 300-500 thousand IU per day; at the age of 6 to 12 months - 500 thousand IU per day. Children aged 1 to 7 years - 3 million/m2 of body surface area per day, over the age of 7 years - 5 million/m2 per day. The dose of the drug for each individual patient is calculated by multiplying the recommended dose for a given age by the body surface area calculated according to the nomogram for calculating the body surface area by height and weight according to Garford, Terry and Rourke, divided into 2 administrations, rounded to the dosage of the corresponding suppository. The drug is used 2 every 12 hours for the first 10 days daily, then 3 weeks. every other day for 6-12 months. The duration of the course is determined by clinical effectiveness and laboratory parameters.

For children with chronic viral hepatitis of severe activity and liver cirrhosis, before plasmapheresis and/or hemosorption, the use of Viferon 1 suppository 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours for 14 days is indicated (for children under 7 years old - Viferon 150 thousand IU, children over 7 years old - Viferon 500 thousand IU).

For adults with chronic viral hepatitis, Viferon 3 million IU is prescribed, 1 suppository 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours for 10 days daily, then 3 times a week every other day for 6-12 months. The duration of treatment is determined by clinical effectiveness and laboratory parameters.

As part of complex therapy in adults, incl. in pregnant women, with urogenital infection (chlamydia, cytomegalovirus infection, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis, human papillomavirus infection, bacterial vaginosis, recurrent vaginal candidiasis, mycoplasmosis), with primary or recurrent herpetic infection of the skin and mucous membranes (localized form, mild and moderate course, including urogenital form).

For adults with the above infections, except herpes, Viferon 500 thousand IU is prescribed, 1 suppository 2 times a day every 12 hours. The course is 5-10 days. According to clinical indications, therapy with Viferon in the form of rectal suppositories can be continued with an interval of 5 days between courses.

For herpetic infections, Viferon 1 million IU is prescribed, 1 suppository 2 times a day every 12 hours. The course of treatment is 10 days or more for recurrent infections. It is recommended to begin treatment immediately when the first signs of damage to the skin and mucous membranes appear (itching, burning, redness). When treating recurrent herpes, it is advisable to begin treatment in the prodromal period or at the very beginning of signs of relapse.

For pregnant women with urogenital infection (including herpetic) in the second trimester of pregnancy (starting from the 14th week) - Viferon 500 thousand IU, 1 suppository 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours for 10 days, then 1 suppository 2 once a day with an interval of 12 hours, 2 times a week - 10 days. Then, after 4 weeks, preventive courses of the drug Viferon 150 thousand IU are carried out, 1 suppository every 12 hours for 5 days, the preventive course is repeated every 4 weeks. If necessary, it is possible to conduct a treatment course before childbirth.

As part of complex therapy for influenza and other acute respiratory viral diseases (including those complicated by bacterial infection) in adults:

Viferon 500 thousand IU is used, 1 suppository 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours daily. The course of treatment is 5-10 days.

Side effect

Allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, itching.

Contraindications to the use of the drug VIFERON

• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Use of the drug VIFERON during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The drug is approved for use from the 14th week of pregnancy.

There are no restrictions for use during lactation.

special instructions

Possible allergic reactions are reversible and disappear 72 hours after stopping the drug.

Overdose

Data on overdose of the drug Viferon are not provided.

Drug interactions

Viferon is compatible and goes well with all medications used in the treatment of the above diseases (including antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, corticosteroids).

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

The drug is available with a prescription.

Storage conditions and periods

The drug should be stored out of the reach of children, protected from light at a temperature of 2° to 8°C. Shelf life - 2 years.

Viruses lie in wait for humans everywhere at any time of the year, so to prevent the development of acute respiratory viral infections or combat them, they are often used antiviral drugs and, in particular, Interferon nasal drops.

But it is impossible to find a medicine in such a dosage form with exactly this name.

This is explained by the fact that, under the name Human Leukocyte Interferon, on pharmacy shelves there is a powder or lyophilisate for preparing a solution, packaged in ampoules.

It can be diluted and instilled into the nasal passages, or you can immediately purchase drugs in the form of interferon-based drops or spray.

What is Interferon: indications for use

Interferons- substances of protein origin produced by the cells of the human body in response to the penetration of viruses.

They prevent the proliferation of viruses, their further spread and help activate the body’s synthesis of special cells that destroy viral particles.

There are several types of this substance, but alpha interferon is mainly synthesized by the pharmaceutical industry. It helps in every possible way to prevent viral diseases and speeds up recovery if infection does occur.

Therefore, medications based on it are widely prescribed for:

• ARVI;
• flu;
• rhinitis of viral origin;
• herpetic lesions of the mucous membranes or skin around the nostrils, etc.

They can also be used to prevent complications and joining bacterial infection with prolonged or severe course ARVI.

But it should be noted that the use of drugs of this kind is practiced only in the vast expanses of post-Soviet countries, although their effectiveness has been confirmed by research.

What effect does the drug have?

It has a large list of pharmaceutical actions, including:

• anti-inflammatory;
• immunomodulatory;
• immunostimulating;
• antitumor;
• bacteriostatic.

But still his main thing positive property is the product of the antiviral effect. It is most advisable to use interferon in the nose for preventive purposes in the midst of epidemics or during initial stages development of the disease.
Source: website Today, the pharmaceutical market offers many interferon-based drugs in the following forms:

• powder for preparing a solution for local use (strictly prohibited for parenteral, that is, intravenous, intramuscular, etc., administration);
• nasal drops and spray;
• ointment;
• candles.

It is impossible to say unequivocally which form of release is better, since each of them has its own characteristics and advantages. However, most often with colds

Contraindications and side effects

The medication is absolutely safe because it is a natural compound for the human body, produced during various viral infections. Therefore, it can be used with virtually no restrictions, which is why it is sold over-the-counter from pharmacies.

But for a number of pathologies, its use is permitted only as prescribed by a doctor. This:

• severe diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous system;
• disorders of the liver and kidneys;
• acute allergies;
• pathologies of the thyroid gland;
• hypersensitivity to components.

Attention

Sometimes, while using the medication, patients experience an increase in body temperature and chills. But such a reaction of the body is normal, since this is how the fight against pathogenic microorganisms increases.

In rare cases, patients experience side effects such as:

• allergic reaction, in particular, the appearance of a skin rash, itching, etc.;
• short-term disturbances in the functioning of the heart, including arrhythmia and decreased blood pressure;
• dizziness, headaches and muscle pain;
• seizures;
• dyspepsia (nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea);
• sleep disorders.

However, when used topically, the risk of side effects is extremely low, since the active substance is not absorbed into the blood.

More often, this is the result of an overdose, but in any case, if similar reactions are observed in response to its administration, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Interferon: instructions for using nasal drops

Interferon powder for preparing nasal drops immediately before use must be dissolved with water for injection or regular boiled water (but not hot) to obtain 2 ml of solution.

For convenience and accuracy of dosing, each ampoule has a special mark up to which you need to add solvent.

The finished solution is transparent or has a slight yellowish tint. The dose and frequency of administration depends on the reason for its use and the age of the patient.

The method of using the finished preparations is described in the annotation for each of them, since each of them contains active ingredients in different concentrations.


But in any case, before administering the product, it is recommended to clear the nasal passages of mucus and crusts by rinsing the nose with any saline solution, for example, Humer, Aquamaris, Marimer, Physiomer, etc.

When using it to avoid drying out the mucous membrane.

Name of nasal drops with interferon

In the form of a powder for preparing a solution or a ready-made solution, you can purchase:

1. Roferon-A;
2. Lafferon alpha;
3. Lipoferon;
4. Intron A, etc.

Medicines are also available in the form of drops and spray. Interferon drops are presented under the trade names:

1. Nazoferon (100,000 IU);
2. Grippferon (100,000 IU);
3. Laferon Nasal (200,000 IU).

There is a drug called Ingaron, but it contains not alpha, but gamma interferon, to which various viral particles are not able to develop resistance, making it effective at any stage of the disease.

But since the drug did not go away clinical researches on children, it is approved for use only for the treatment of children over 7 years of age and adults, with the exception of pregnant women.

For children over 1 year of age and adults, it is more convenient to use a nasal spray. In this form you can purchase:

• Nazoferon (100,000 IU);
• Genferon light (50,000 IU);
• Grippferon (100,000 IU).

All of the above drugs are obtained chemically, or rather biotechnologically, that is, they contain recombinant interferon.

While the powder ampoules contain human leukocyte interferon isolated from the blood of donors.

Therefore, allergic reactions are more often observed when the latter is administered, since it is extremely difficult to completely purify the substance from foreign impurities, in particular proteins.

Interferon nasal drops for children: how to use

How to drip for children depends on the goals pursued, the age of the patient and the type of medicine chosen. A solution prepared at home from lyophilisate is used as follows:

1. For preventive purposes, Interferon is administered into the nose of children 5 drops twice a day with a break of at least 6 hours. The duration of therapy is determined by the severity of the epidemiological situation.
2. For treatment, children are administered 5 drops of solution every 2 hours for 3 days.

When choosing ready-made medications, you must be guided by the instructions for it and administer a strictly defined amount to the child in order to exclude the possibility of developing side effects.

After all, each drug contains a different amount of active substance, so ignoring the instructions can lead to the development of undesirable consequences.


However, it is undesirable to use them especially for a long time or more than twice a year, since this is fraught with inhibition of the cells’ synthesis of their own interferons and, consequently, a decrease in natural protection.

For babies

For first-year babies, interferon-based products. The solution prepared at home can be instilled directly into the nasal passages or use cotton swabs soaked in 2-3 drops of medicine.

The use of sprays to treat children under 1 year of age is prohibited to avoid the development of complications. Drops are allowed to be used in strict accordance with the instructions for them.

Interferon during pregnancy

Interferon for the nose can be used without fear during pregnancy. Regardless of whether it is the 1st trimester or the 3rd, the dosage of the drug remains the same and corresponds to the administration of 5 drops every 2 hours for therapeutic purposes and twice a day for preventive purposes.


However, before using it, it is recommended to consult a doctor about the advisability of using the drug and the need to take additional medications.

Storage conditions

The drugs are stored according to the manufacturer's recommendations. But since most of them are destroyed by exposure high temperatures, it is usually recommended to store them on the refrigerator door.
If nasal drops with interferon were prepared at home from powder, it can only be used for 24 hours, so to continue treatment, a new ampoule of the medicine is opened every day.

Analogs

There are many antiviral agents. The following are available in nasal form:

• IRS-19;
• Euphorbium compositum and others.

The following are produced in the form of oral preparations:

• Ergoferon;
• Arbidol;
• Anaferon;
• Isoprinosine;
• Oscillococcinum and others

Also antivirals Available in the form of ointments and suppositories:

• Viferon;
• Oxolinic ointment;
• Grippferon.

The instructions for use indicate that the tablet drug is prescribed to strengthen the immune system. When used correctly, the drug helps to significantly increase immunity in childhood and adulthood. In addition, the medicine quickly helps suppress harmful viruses, including chlamydia.

Doctors prescribe pills if they suspect cancer. When used in complex treatment, interferon tablets will help significantly slow down the growth of tumor cells.

Composition and spectrum of action

The drug contains only protein compounds. Such compounds are produced by cells in direct response to foreign body penetration. Therefore, the composition of the drug in this form of release includes alpha interferon. The tablets have a wide spectrum of action:

• Antitumor.
• Antimicrobial.
• Antipoliferative.
• The drug helps inhibit the replication of harmful viruses.
• The tablets prevent cell proliferation.
• Immunomodulatory spectrum of action.

Main indications for use

The drug in any form of release can be used for many diseases.

• Prescribed as a treatment for hepatitis C and B, for leukemia, but only hairy cell, as well as for mycosis, condyloma, or Kaposi's sarcoma.
• In addition to this list of indications, the tablet drug can be used in complex treatment.
• Renal carcinoma.
• For chronic viral hepatitis, as well as during exacerbation.
• For acute respiratory infection.
• As a preventive measure, it can be prescribed for influenza or upper respiratory tract diseases.

In childhood, other forms of Interferon can be used as treatment. Prescribed under the strict supervision of a pediatrician.

For children, the drug is prescribed as a treatment for infectious and inflammatory diseases directly of the respiratory system. Also, as part of complex therapy, you can take tablets for meningitis, sepsis, mumps or chicken pox.

Often prescribed for more severe diseases, Interferon can be used to treat chronic hepatitis of viral etiology.

Important! Do not give the medicine to your child on your own. It is necessary to know the exact dosage, otherwise serious side effects may occur that will aggravate the course of the disease and the general condition of the child.

Contraindications and side effects

Like all drugs, Interferon is not prescribed to all patients. There are certain contraindications for which tablets cannot be taken, not only as treatment, but also as prevention.
If you have a history of heart disease, epilepsy, or disorders of the central nervous system, doctors do not prescribe this drug.

Additional contraindications include:

• Cirrhosis of the liver.
• In the presence of hepatitis, but only autoimmune.
• For diseases of the thyroid gland.
• Also, the drug is not prescribed to patients with hypersensitivity. Since the composition of the medicine in this form of release includes additional components.

If you take the drug incorrectly, side effects may occur.

1. Most often they are expressed in severe headache, the patient experiences fever, general weakness, and myalgia.
2. From the cardiovascular system, the patient may experience: high blood pressure, arrhythmia.
3. The drug affects the central nervous system, especially if the dosage is incorrect. Therefore, side effects include impaired consciousness and drowsiness.
4. Disorders of the digestive tract. Vomiting and nausea often occur. More rare side effects include diarrhea.
5. In addition, the patient may experience allergic reactions. In this case, the skin becomes dry, a rash and erythema appear.

Mode of application

The drug is prescribed only by the attending physician; independent use of the drug as treatment is prohibited.

If the drug is prescribed in tablet form, then it must be taken in a dose equal to 2050 IU, directly for each kilogram of the patient’s weight.

If necessary, the doctor can increase the dosage of the medicine, it all depends on the type and severity of the disease.

But, the maximum dose of tablets should not exceed 1,000,000 IU.

Interaction with other tools

Tablets and other forms of release are not used in complex treatment with corticosteroid drugs. If you take two medications at the same time, adverse reactions may occur.

Also, tablets are not prescribed together with cytostams. Otherwise, it may lead to an additive effect.

Other combinations of complex therapy are prescribed by the doctor, based on the main pharmacological spectrum of action and the composition of the drug.
additional information

Interferon must be stored in a dry place, out of direct sunlight, and out of the reach of children. This drug is sold strictly according to a prescription and is stored on List B. Since the tablets have a wide spectrum of action, they are not combined with all drugs in complex treatment, as well as a wide list of contraindications.
Please note that the storage temperature of the tablet product should be in the range from +2 to +8°C.

Analogs

If this remedy does not bring a positive effect, doctors may prescribe analogues. The drug interferon alfa-2a has 2 analogues, namely Reaferon or Roferon.
As for recombinant human interferon, it can be replaced with Intron-A, Intrek or Viferon.

Broad-spectrum analogues:

• Betaseron.
• Gammaferon.
• Fron.
• Imukan.
• Berofor.
• Immunoferon

The cost of Interferon depends on the form of release. The tableted product costs between 70-100 rubles per package.

Name:

Interferon (Interferonum)

Pharmacological
action:

Interferon alpha is water soluble protein. It has an antiproliferative effect when involving both cell cultures and xenografts of human tumors in animals and has significant immunomodulatory activity. Interferon alpha also inhibits viral replication. Interferon affects cells by binding to specific receptors on their surface. After binding to the cell membrane interferon initiates a complex sequence of intracellular reactions, including the induction of certain enzymes.
After administration of the drug parenterally Cmax in blood plasma was reached after 3–12 hours. The bioavailability of the drug was 100% after both subcutaneous and intramuscular administration; T½ is 2–7 hours; the concentration of interferon in the blood plasma is not determined after 16–24 hours.

Indications for
application:

Chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis Delta, laryngeal papillomatosis, hairy cell leukemia, thrombocytosis in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, carcinoid tumors, malignant melanoma. Viral eye infection (herpetic infection). Prevention and treatment of ARVI, colds.
Interferon alpha in suppositories is used in children and adults in monotherapy or as part of complex therapy for various viral and viral-bacterial infections. Adults: infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract, cervical dysplasia. Children: infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, including in newborns (influenza, ARVI, pneumonia), meningitis; sepsis; intrauterine infection and childhood viral infections (mumps, measles, rubella, chickenpox), chronic viral hepatitis; rehabilitation of children who often suffer from respiratory infections.

Mode of application:

Chronic hepatitis B. The recommended dose is 30–35 million IU/week subcutaneously or intramuscularly, either 5 million IU every day or 10 million IU 3 times a week (every other day) for 16–24 weeks. Children (from 1 year to 17 years): the recommended dose is 3 million IU/m2 body surface area 3 times a week (every other day) during the 1st week of treatment, followed by increasing the dose to 6 million IU/m2 3 times a week ( maximum dose - 10 million IU 3 times a week) subcutaneously for 16–24 weeks.
Chronic hepatitis C. Prescribed to adults at a dose of 3 million IU 3 times a week (every other day) subcutaneously as monotherapy or in combination with ribavirin.
Chronic hepatitis Delta. Prescribed subcutaneously at an initial dose of 5 million IU/m2 3 times a week for 3–4 months. Sometimes a longer treatment period may be indicated. Dosage may be adjusted according to patient tolerance.
Laryngeal papillomatosis. After surgical (laser) removal of tumor tissue, the recommended dose of the substance is 3 million IU/m2 3 times a week (every other day) subcutaneously. Dosage may be adjusted according to patient tolerance. Achieving a response to treatment may require treatment for >6 months.
Hairy cell leukemia. The recommended dose is 2 million IU/m2 3 times a week (every other day) subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Dosage may be adjusted according to patient tolerance.
CML. The recommended dose is 4–5 million IU/m2 subcutaneously daily. An interval of 5–10 million IU/m2/day may be needed to maintain control of white blood cell counts. Once control of the leukocyte count is achieved, the maximum tolerated dose (4–10 million IU/m2 daily) should be used to maintain hematologic remission. The use of the substance should be discontinued after 8–12 weeks of treatment, unless at least partial hematological remission or a clinically significant decrease in the number of leukocytes is achieved before this time.

Side effects:

Flu-like symptoms: often - fever, chills, pain in bones, joints, eyes, myalgia, headache, increased sweating, dizziness.
From the digestive system: possible loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, disturbance taste sensations, dry mouth, weight loss, mild abdominal pain, slight changes in liver function tests (usually normalize after treatment).
From the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: rarely - dizziness, deterioration of mental activity, sleep disturbance, memory impairment, anxiety, nervousness, aggressiveness, euphoria, depression (after long-term treatment), paresthesia, neuropathy, tremor; in some cases - suicidal tendencies, drowsiness.
From the cardiovascular system: possible - tachycardia (with fever), arterial hypotension or hypertension, arrhythmia; in some cases - disorders of the cardiovascular system, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction.
From the outside respiratory system : rarely - chest pain, cough, slight shortness of breath; in some cases - pneumonia, pulmonary edema.
From the hematopoietic system: possible slight leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia.
Dermatological reactions: possible itching, reversible alopecia.
Others: rarely - muscle stiffness; in isolated cases - antibodies to natural or recombinant interferons.

Contraindications:

Increased sensitivity; kidney disease with severe impairment of function (creatinine clearance<50 мл/мин), в случае назначения в комбинации с рибавирином; детям и подросткам при тяжелых расстройствах нервной системы или психики, тяжелой депрессии, мыслях о самоубийстве, попытке самоубийства.

Interaction
other medicinal
by other means:

Interferon alfa should be used concomitantly with caution. with narcotic, sleeping pills and sedatives.
Drug interactions between interferon alfa and other drugs not fully studied. Use with caution in combination with drugs that potentially have a myelosuppressive effect.
When used concomitantly with zidovudine, a synergistic negative effect on the number of leukocytes may be noted. Patients receiving this therapy have a more frequent dose-related incidence of neutropenia than expected with zidovudine monotherapy.
Interferons can influence oxidative metabolic processes. This should be taken into account when combining drugs that are metabolized in this way, for example xanthine derivatives - theophylline and aminophylline. When used simultaneously with theophylline, the concentration of theophylline in the blood plasma should be monitored and the dose adjusted if necessary.
More often, the occurrence of pulmonary infiltrates, pneumonitis and pneumonia was reported during the use of Shosaikoto simultaneously with interferon alfa.
Use in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs (for example, Ara-C, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, teniposide) increases the risk of toxic effects (their severity and duration).