Wound treatment: a simple solution to a complex problem. Treatment of weeping wounds at home

- This is damage to the skin and underlying tissues with the formation of a purulent focus. The pathology is manifested by significant swelling, hyperemia of surrounding tissues and intense pain. The pain can be tugging, bursting, and depriving you of sleep. Dead tissue and accumulations of pus are visible in the wound. General intoxication is observed, accompanied by fever, chills, headache, weakness and nausea. The treatment is complex and includes washing and draining wounds (if necessary, purulent leaks are opened), therapeutic dressings, antibiotic therapy, detoxification therapy, immunocorrective therapy and stimulation of recovery processes.

Wounds in the head and neck area heal best. Suppuration occurs somewhat more often with wounds of the gluteal region, back, chest and abdomen, and even more often with damage to the upper and lower limbs. Foot wounds heal the worst. Good immunity reduces the likelihood of developing purulent wounds with minor bacterial insemination. With significant insemination and satisfactory condition immune system suppuration occurs more violently, but the process is usually localized and ends with recovery faster. Immune disorders cause more sluggish and prolonged healing of purulent wounds. The likelihood of infection spreading and complications developing increases.

Severe somatic diseases affect general state the body and, as a result, on the likelihood of suppuration and the speed of wound healing. However, a particularly strong negative impact due to vascular and metabolic disorders provides diabetes. In patients suffering from this disease, purulent wounds can occur even with minor injuries and minor bacterial insemination. In such patients there is poor healing and a pronounced tendency to spread the process. In healthy young people, on average, wounds fester less often than in older people, and in thin people - less often than in overweight people. The likelihood of a wound becoming suppurated increases in summer, especially in hot and humid weather, so elective surgeries recommended during the cold season.

Symptoms of purulent wounds

There are local and general symptoms pathology. TO local symptoms This includes a tissue defect with the presence of purulent exudate, as well as classic signs of inflammation: pain, local fever, local hyperemia, swelling of surrounding tissues and dysfunction. Pain from a purulent wound can be pressing or bursting. If outflow is difficult (due to the formation of a crust, the formation of streaks, the spread of purulent process), accumulation of pus and increased pressure in the inflamed area, the pain becomes very intense, jerking and often deprives patients of sleep. The skin around the wound is hot. On initial stages, during the formation of pus, redness of the skin is observed. If the wound persists for a long time, the redness may give way to a purple or purplish-bluish coloration of the skin.

Two types of edema can be distinguished at the site of the lesion. The edges of the wound are warm and inflammatory. Coincides with the zone of hyperemia, caused by impaired blood flow. Distal to the wound – cold reactive. There is no hyperemia in this area, and swelling of the soft tissues is caused by impaired lymph outflow due to compression lymph nodes in the area of inflammation. Dysfunction of the affected area is associated with swelling and pain; the severity of the disorder depends on the size and location of the purulent wound, as well as on the volume and phase of inflammation.

The main symptom of a purulent wound is pus - a liquid containing bacteria, tissue detritus, globulins, albumins, enzymes of leukocyte and microbial origin, fats, cholesterol, DNA admixtures and dead leukocytes. The color and consistency of pus depend on the type of pathogen. Staphylococcus is characterized by thick yellow or white pus, for streptococcus - liquid greenish or yellowish, for E. coli - liquid brown-yellow, for anaerobic microbes - brown, foul-smelling, for pseudomonas infection - yellowish, shimmering blue-green on the bandage (the pus acquires this shade upon contact with oxygen external environment). The amount of pus can vary significantly. Areas of necrotic tissue and granulation may be found underneath the pus.

Toxins enter the patient’s body from the wound, which causes the appearance of symptoms of general intoxication. Characterized by fever, loss of appetite, sweating, weakness, chills, headache. Blood tests reveal an acceleration of ESR and leukocytosis with a shift to the left. A urine test reveals protein. In severe cases, there may be an increase in the level of urea, creatinine and bilirubin in the blood, anemia, leukopenia, dysproteinemia and hypoproteinemia. Clinically, with severe intoxication, it can be observed severe weakness and disturbances of consciousness up to coma.

Depending on the predominant process, the following stages of the purulent process are distinguished: formation of a purulent focus, cleansing and regeneration, healing. All purulent wounds heal by secondary intention.

Complications

With purulent wounds, a number of complications are possible. Lymphangitis (inflammation lymphatic vessels, located proximal to the wound) appears as red stripes directed from the wound to the regional lymph nodes. With lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes), regional lymph nodes enlarge and become painful. Thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the veins) is accompanied by the appearance of painful red strands along the saphenous veins. With contact spread of pus, the development of purulent leaks, periostitis, osteomyelitis, purulent arthritis, abscess and phlegmon is possible. The most severe complication of purulent wounds is sepsis.

If healing does not occur, the purulent wound may develop into chronic form. Foreign experts consider wounds without a tendency to heal within 4 weeks or more as chronic. Such wounds include bedsores, trophic ulcers, accidental or surgical long-term non-healing wounds.

Diagnostics

Due to the presence of obvious local signs Diagnosis of purulent wounds is not difficult. To exclude the involvement of underlying anatomical structures, radiography, MRI or CT of the affected segment can be performed. A general blood test determines signs of inflammation. To determine the type and sensitivity of the pathogen, the discharge is inoculated onto nutrient media.

Treatment of purulent wounds

Treatment tactics depend on the phase wound process. At the stage of formation of a purulent focus, the main task of surgeons is to clean the wound, limit inflammation, fight pathogenic microorganisms and detoxify (if indicated). At the second stage, measures are taken to stimulate regeneration, it is possible to apply early secondary sutures or perform skin grafting. At the stage of wound closure, epithelial formation is stimulated.

If pus is present, surgical treatment is performed, which includes dissecting the edges of the wound or skin over the lesion, removing pus, examining the wound to identify leaks and, if necessary, opening these leaks, removing necrotic tissue (necrectomy), stopping bleeding, washing and draining the wound. Sutures are not applied to purulent wounds; the application of rare sutures is allowed only when organizing flow-through drainage. Along with traditional methods treatments for purulent wounds are used modern techniques: vacuum therapy, local ozone therapy, hyperbaric oxygenation, laser treatment, ultrasound treatment, cryotherapy, treatment with a pulsating jet of antiseptic, introduction of sorbents into the wound, etc.

According to indications, detoxification is carried out: forced diuresis, infusion therapy, extracorporeal hemocorrection, etc. All of the above measures, both traditional and modern, are carried out against the background of rational antibiotic therapy and immunocorrection. Depending on the severity of the process, antibiotics may be prescribed orally, intramuscularly or intravenously. In the first days medications are used wide range actions. After determining the pathogen, the antibiotic is replaced taking into account the sensitivity of the microorganisms.

After cleansing the purulent wound, measures are taken to restore the anatomical relationships and close the wound (early and late secondary sutures, skin grafting). Secondary sutures are indicated in the absence of pus, necrotic tissue and severe inflammation of surrounding tissues. In this case, it is necessary that the edges of the wound can be compared without tension. If there is a tissue defect and it is impossible to compare the edges of the wound, skin grafting is performed using the island and brand methods, plastic with counter flaps, plastic with a free skin flap, or plastic with a skin flap on a vascular pedicle.

quickly: it is not uncommon for them to continue to secrete a few days after injury. transparent ichor, or lymph. Normally, lymph is involved in cleansing tissues of dirt particles and dead cells. Let's consider in what cases it is necessary to stop its exudation.

Photo 1. When improper treatment lymph turns into pus. Source: Flickr (jmawork)

Why is clear liquid flowing from the wound?

When body tissues are damaged, the phenomenon of exudation occurs at the site of injury: the vessels increase their capacity and fluid enters the intercellular space. This is how the body tries to get rid of foreign microorganisms. The watery ichor, having fulfilled its role, forms a protective film on the wound.

But sometimes the healing process is disrupted: for example, in the absence of a large damaged area, it becomes infected. Then the lymph continues to abundantly irrigate the wound.

Description of lymph (ichor)

On this moment The lymphatic system is one of the least studied structures human body. It is believed that it is just an application to cardiovascular system. The functions of lymph are to nourish body tissues, filtering out waste products, and transport lymphocytes.

Its structure includes vessels, nodes and organs (spleen, thymus gland behind the sternum and tonsils).

The lymphatic system performs its functions through the flow of lymph - a fluid that circulates freely in the body and, if necessary, enters the intercellular space. Its content in the body is approximately 1-3 liters. Lymph moves from bottom to top at a speed of 5-16 cm/min.

She consists of two fractions: lymphoplasm and formed elements(lymphocytes, leukocytes). The plasma component includes proteins, electrolytes, enzymes, fats and sugars.

Lymph is usually a transparent substance, but milky white and yellowish colors are within normal limits.

How to distinguish pus from lymph

The formation of pus is associated with insufficient cleansing of the wound: dead protective cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, etc.) in the released ichor become a breeding ground for pathogenic microorganisms, which inseminate the wound.

Note! Purulent inflammation suggests that the immune and lymphatic system cannot cope with the resulting load. Therefore, to avoid complications, antibiotics are prescribed for suppuration.

	Lymph	Pus
At what phase of healing does it occur?	Inflammatory phase	Inflammatory phase
Color	Characterized by transparency; color ranges from white (cream) to yellow	Cloudy exudate of dirty yellow, green, gray, blue color (depending on the microbial composition)
Smell	Absent	At the beginning there is no selection; over time - unpleasant putrid
Consistency	Watery, slightly viscous	Newly formed pus is liquid; gets thicker over time
Presence of blood clots and vessels	Maybe	Maybe

What to do if there is heavy discharge

At proper care small scratches and abrasions disappear within a week without complications, and ichor no longer comes out of the wound.

To speed up the regeneration process, the following measures should be taken:

Use of medications. A whole class is presented on the pharmaceutical market - creams (Argosulfan with silver, Ambulance), ointments (ichthyol ointment, Levomekol), liniments (Vishnevsky ointment). These drugs have a drying and antibacterial effect on the wound surface. And sorbent dressings (“Voskosorb”) additionally increase the outflow of exudate.
Isolation of the wound. Dressings that are applied after treating the wound will help avoid repeated microbial contamination. Apply bandages made of sterile breathable materials (gauze, cotton wool) and change them at least twice a day.
Diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases. Some diseases provoke slow healing of wounds: for example, not only skin restoration processes slow down, but also its destructive changes intensify - trophic ulcers on foot.

Note! If you are concerned about wounds after removal of stitches, you need to contact your doctor: he will assess the condition of the operated area, recommend products for treating the wound and prescribe procedures to improve lymphatic drainage.

Is it necessary to stop the flow of lymph from the wound?

The flow of lymph from a wound is a natural protective reaction of the body, therefore there is no need to stop its release during the inflammation phase(the first stage of wound healing, which lasts up to two days). During this period of time, enzymes and cells of the immune system destroy bacteria and fungi, and also stimulate the formation of new vascular bundles in the wound cavity.

Continued release of ichor 3-5 days after injury indicates the severity of the damage. In this case, it is necessary to stop the flow of lymph so as not to stimulate its degeneration into pus. It is urgent to seek help from medical institution (surgery department). You will likely need to drain the wound, debride it, and take antibiotics for a while.

Photo 2. If the wound does not heal for too long, antibiotics will be required.

An open wound requires treatment and use. antibacterial drugs, because when an infection occurs, it can begin to rot. First of all, you need to disinfect the wound and seek help from a medical facility.

Symptoms

An open wound means the destruction of the entire skin and internal tissues. If you do not start treating an open wound in time, the following complications may occur:

Severe blood loss and anemia;
Affected important muscles and organs can cause complications in further treatment;
Blood poisoning.

Symptoms of an open wound:

pain,
bleeding,
soft tissue defects,
improper functioning of legs and arms.

It may also occur state of shock patient and the presence of infection. When an open wound heals depends on the severity of the disease and timely treatment.

Kinds

With timely and correct treatment, wound healing occurs quickly and does not cause complications. If bleeding is severe, seek medical attention and timely treatment wounds with medicinal preparations.

Open wounds are divided into several types:

An incised wound is a cut made by some sharp object.
A puncture wound, there is minor damage, but it is very deep and can affect important internal organs. For example, improper use of an awl.
Laceration wound, this type of injury is formed as a result of ruptures of soft tissue. Characterized by heavy bleeding and severe pain.
A surgical suture occurs as a result of surgical intervention.

Diagnostics

In order to correctly prescribe treatment, the doctor must examine the patient at the initial examination, the history of the disease and the cause of the injury. After this, he only begins to treat the patient.

The severity of the disease is assessed by the patient’s well-being, pain, presence of bleeding. It is also established by examining and questioning the victim what types of wounds were inflicted on him.

Treatment

For a shallow cut wound, if the tendon or muscle is slightly damaged, it must be treated with antimicrobial agents and covered with sterile gauze. If the cut is small, you can cover it with a band-aid.

A puncture wound needs to be examined and treated by a physician, as surgery is required in most cases. The treatment required here is as follows: stop the bleeding and treat with antiseptics. If the bleeding does not stop, apply a sterile bandage until the bleeding stops. The patient is given an injection of tetanus serum. In severe cases, oxygen is given to breathe, and if it is necessary to revive the patient, ammonia is given.

At laceration, you need to treat with hydrogen peroxide and apply a sterile bandage. To collect damaged skin, you can consult a doctor so that he can do it correctly and provide timely treatment. Before starting treatment of an open wound, it is necessary to find out the reasons for its occurrence, the severity of the damage and the presence of infection.

Only surgeons know how to properly treat an open leg wound. Before you begin treating an open wound on the leg that was caused by a sharp object, you need to correctly determine the cause of the damage and the severity of the cut.

Treatment will be effective if a number of measures are taken:

Provide first aid
Treat damage correctly
Take timely treatment and care.

Proper first aid

First you need to stop the bleeding, so a tourniquet is applied. The edges of the wound should be treated with antiseptics and a sterile bandage applied. Foreign bodies must be removed using tweezers; the edges can be pre-treated with alcohol. In case of a wound and the presence deep damage, you should not remove the item yourself; it is better if a doctor provides assistance and prescribes correct treatment. To prevent infection of the damage, it is necessary to treat antibacterial agents. After completing all mandatory procedures, apply a sterile bandage.

What antiseptics are used for treatment? open wounds: solution of furatsilin or chlorhexidine. Streptocide powder also has disinfecting properties. A 3% solution of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and a 2% solution of chloramine are also used. Iodine is not recommended for use; it can cause skin burns. You can use brilliant green as an antiseptic.

Healing ointments can also be used to treat open wounds. Even a small wound, in the presence of infection, can provoke the risk of disease. After proper treatment of the open wound, it is left alone for two days, then healing ointments can be used. The ointment quickly restores damaged tissue, has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions. Doctors advise treating wounds with ointment, after treatment primary care. With timely use of the ointment, not only will the wound heal quickly, but scars will disappear.

List of healing ointments:

Baneocin, recommended for burns and deep wounds.
Levomekol, very effective ointment, has an antibacterial effect.
Solcoseryl not only has a healing effect, but also reduces pain.
Eplan is an effective remedy for all types of wounds.

To apply healing ointment to an open wound correctly, it is best to apply a thin layer, this is done so that oxygen penetrates. Then the healing of the wound will be accelerated, otherwise, with a thick layer of ointment, rotting may begin.

Subsequently, you can treat the wound with folk remedies, but first you need to consult with your doctor so as not to cause reverse effect. The following herbs and components have healing properties:

propolis,
willow bark,
St. John's wort and plantain leaves.

If the wound is festering, you can use folk method: Apply a freshly cut aloe leaf, it draws out the pus from the wound. Once the pus disappears, the wound can be lubricated sea buckthorn oil. Be sure to show the purulent wound to a doctor and consult with your doctor about the use of these remedies. In some cases you will only need drug treatment. In case of complications, only a doctor can help.

Pledge fast healing open wound, this is timely disinfection of the cut with antiseptics and restoration muscle tissue. It is better not to self-medicate, but to treat a small open wound and seek help from a doctor. In case of a severe wound, it is necessary to call ambulance or go to a medical facility where they will provide effective treatment from the first days.

Description:

Any accidental wound can be contaminated with microflora introduced by a wounding weapon or coming from clothing, soil, or skin (primary infection). If microbial flora is introduced into the wound during dressings, such infection is called secondary. The types of microbial flora are extremely diverse, most often these are streptococci, staphylococci, coli. In rare cases, infection with anaerobes occurs:

During primary infected wounds, latent period, the period of spread and the period of localization of infection. In the first period clinical manifestations no infection. Depending on the type of microbial flora, it lasts from several hours to several days. In the second period, swelling, redness, swelling, pain appear around the wound, and develop. In the third period, the process is limited, further spread of infection and absorption of toxic products into the blood stops, and the formation of a granulation shaft occurs.

Symptoms:

General reaction the body is expressed in an increase in body temperature, increased heart rate, and an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood. When examining the wound, pus is found. Pus is an inflammatory exudate with a significant content of protein, cellular elements, microbial flora, and wound enzymes. At first inflammatory process The pus is liquid, later thick. The type of pus, smell, color depend on the microbial flora that caused the inflammatory process. Over time, in old purulent cavities, the microbial flora in the pus disappears or loses its virulence.

Prevention of purulent wounds:

It's no secret that wounds that are not treated in a timely manner lead to infections getting into the tissue. Treatment is important for everyone, and special care must be taken when treating wounds when it comes to a child. Children often suffer abrasions and the danger of such injuries lies not only in pain syndrome, but also in the peculiarities of using products on children’s skin, therefore the correct antiseptic treatment- the most important point in treatment. However, parents are often faced with the question of how to treat a raw, blistered wound in order to simultaneously restore damaged tissue, relieve pain, and at the same time achieve the desired disinfecting effect. Zelenka and iodine are last century Moreover, these products are too aggressive for delicate children's skin, prone to diathesis and irritation. Therefore, modern pediatricians recommend the use of antiseptic drugs based on silver salts, such as Sulfargin. This product accelerates the healing process, reliably protects against bacteria and is safe for sensitive skin.

Causes:

Factors contributing to the development of infection in a wound include the pathogenicity of the microbial flora, contamination of the wound, a long convoluted wound channel, the presence of numerous cavities, and poor drainage from the wound. Exhaustion and decreased immunoreactivity negatively affect the course of the inflammatory-purulent process. The infection remains limited to the wound for the first 6-8 hours. Microbes and their toxins spread through the lymphatic tract, causing inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and nodes. As suppuration develops, redness of the skin, swelling of the edges of the wound, and severe pain on palpation are noted.

Treatment:

Treatment of purulent wounds consists of two directions - local and general treatment. The nature of treatment, in addition, is determined by the phase of the wound process.

Local treatment of purulent wounds
a) Treatment objectives in the inflammation phase
In the first phase of the wound process (inflammation phase), the surgeon faces the following main tasks:
Fighting microorganisms in the wound.
Ensure adequate drainage of exudate.
Promoting rapid cleansing of the wound from necrotic tissue.
Reduced manifestations of the inflammatory reaction.

At local treatment purulent wounds use methods of mechanical, physical, chemical, biological and mixed antiseptics.

When a postoperative wound becomes suppurated, it is usually sufficient to remove the sutures and spread its edges wide apart. If these measures are not enough, then secondary surgical treatment (SDT) of the wound is necessary.

b) Secondary surgical treatment of the wound
Indications for VChO of a wound are the presence of a purulent focus, lack of adequate outflow from the wound (retention of pus), the formation of large areas and purulent streaks. A contraindication is only the extremely serious condition of the patient, and this is limited to opening and draining the purulent focus.

The tasks facing the surgeon performing wound surgical treatment:
Opening of a purulent focus and leaks.
Excision of non-viable tissue.
Provide adequate wound drainage.

Before starting VChO, it is necessary to determine the visible boundaries of inflammation, the localization of the area of purulent melting, the shortest access to it, taking into account the location of the wound, as well as possible ways spread of infection (along the neurovascular bundles, muscle-fascial sheaths). In addition to palpation examination, in this case they use different kinds instrumental diagnostics: ultrasound method, thermographic, x-ray (for osteomyelitis), computed tomography.

Like primary surgical treatment, VCO is an independent surgical intervention. It is performed in the operating room by a team of surgeons using anesthesia. Only an adequate one can solve all the problems of water management. After opening the purulent focus, a thorough instrumental and digital inspection is carried out along the wound itself and possible leaks are found, which are subsequently also opened through the main wound or counter-aperture and drained. After performing an inspection and determining the volume of necrosis, pus is evacuated and non-viable tissue is excised (necrectomy). At the same time, we must not forget that there may be large vessels and nerves that need to be preserved. Before the end of the operation, the wound cavity is washed generously antiseptic solutions(hydrogen peroxide, boric acid, etc.), loosely tamponed with gauze pads with antiseptics and drained. The most advantageous method of treatment for extensive purulent wounds is flow-through drainage. If the injury is localized to a limb, immobilization is necessary.

c) Treatment of a purulent wound after surgery
After performing VMO or simply opening (opening) the wound at each dressing, the doctor examines the wound and assesses its condition, noting the dynamics of the process. The edges are treated with alcohol and iodine-containing solution. The wound cavity is cleaned with a gauze ball or napkin from pus and loose sequestered areas of necrosis, and necrotic tissue is sharply excised. This is followed by rinsing with antiseptics, drainage (as indicated) and loose packing.

Treatment of purulent wounds When pancreatitis affects one of the the most important organs– pancreas, which causes severe pain. The pancreas helps digest fats, proteins and carbohydrates in the intestines, and the hormone insulin regulates blood glucose levels. occurs due to blockage of the gallbladder or the duct of the gland itself, infection, helminthiasis, trauma, allergies, poisoning, frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages. The main component of the treatment of the pancreas is a diet in which you have to fast for the first two to three days. And after treatment you will have to exclude fatty, fried and spicy food, alcohol, sour juices, strong broths, spices, smoked products. The diet starts on day 4, and you can eat at least 5-6 times a day in small portions. During the diet, it is better to eat some types of fish, meat, mild cheese, and fresh low-fat cottage cheese. Fats must be reduced to 60 g per day, excluding lamb and pork fat. Limit sweets and carbohydrate foods. Food should always be warm when consumed. Thanks to all this, the pancreas is restored. And in order to prevent pancreatitis from occurring again, follow all the advice written above.

In the first phase of healing, when there is heavy exudation, ointment preparations cannot be used, as they create an obstacle to the outflow of the discharge, which contains a large number of bacteria, proteolysis products, necrotic tissue. During this period, the dressing should be as hygroscopic as possible and contain antiseptics. They can be: 3% solution boric acid, 10% sodium chloride solution, 1% dioxidine solution, 0.02% chlorhexidine solution, etc. Only for 2-3 days it is possible to use water-soluble ointments: “Levomekol”, “Levosin”, “Levonorsin”, “Sulfamekol” and 5% dioxidine ointment.

“Chemical necrectomy” with the help of proteolytic enzymes that have a necrolytic and anti-inflammatory effect has a certain significance in the treatment of purulent wounds. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and chymopsin are used for this. The drugs are poured into the wound in dry form or administered in an antiseptic solution. To actively remove purulent exudate, sorbents are placed directly into the wound, the most common of which is polyphepan.

In order to increase the effectiveness of VChO and further treatment of purulent wounds in modern conditions use a variety of physical methods impact. Widely used ultrasonic cavitation wounds, vacuum treatment of purulent cavity, treatment with a pulsating jet, various ways laser applications. All these methods are aimed at accelerating the cleansing of necrotic tissue and the detrimental effect on microbial cells.

d) Treatment in the regeneration phase
In the regeneration phase, when the wound has been cleared of non-viable tissue and inflammation has subsided, the next stage of treatment begins, the main objectives of which are to suppress infection and stimulate reparative processes.

In the second phase of healing, the leading role is played by the formation of granulation tissue. Despite the fact that she carries protective function, the possibility of re-inflammation cannot be completely excluded. During this period, in the absence of complications, exudation is sharply reduced and the need for an hygroscopic dressing, the use of hypertonic solutions and drainage disappears. Granulations are very delicate and vulnerable, so it becomes necessary application ointment-based preparations that prevent mechanical trauma. Antibiotics (synthomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin ointments, etc.) and stimulants (5% and 10% methyluracil ointment, Solcoseryl, Actovegin) are also introduced into the composition of ointments, emulsions and leniments.

Multicomponent ointments are widely used. They contain anti-inflammatory substances that stimulate regeneration and improve regional blood circulation, as well as antibiotics. These include “Levomethoxide”, “Oxyzone”, “Oxycyclosol”, balsamic liniment according to A.V. Vishnevsky.

To speed up wound healing, the technique of applying secondary sutures (early and late) is used, as well as tightening the edges of the wound with an adhesive plaster.

e) Treatment of wounds in the phase of scar formation and reorganization
In the third phase of healing, the main task is to accelerate the epithelization of the wound and protect it from unnecessary trauma. For this purpose, bandages with indifferent and stimulating ointments, as well as physiotherapeutic procedures, are used.

f) Physiotherapeutic treatment

Damage to the skin is a fairly common occurrence. If you receive such an injury, it is recommended to immediately treat the wound with antiseptic drugs: hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, furatsilin. If the infection continues to progress and pus accumulates in the wound, then use pharmaceutical and folk remedies that can draw out the exudate. Both medical and natural medicines They quite successfully eliminate an abscess, disinfect and accelerate the healing of skin lesions, so everyone decides for themselves what is best for drawing out pus and what is more convenient to use.

At the same time, you need to understand that such products are used to eliminate minor external and subcutaneous injuries. For extensive skin abscess, treatment is carried out by a doctor. It is difficult to cope with complex wounds using only external medications. Patients in in serious condition, need complex therapy, and sometimes in surgical treatment.

Infection of lesions is caused by bacteria, fungi and protozoan microorganisms. When the infection invades epithelial tissue, an inflammatory process develops and exudate with pus is formed. It contains protein molecules, destroyed leukocytes and macrophages ( immune cells, identifying and neutralizing foreign bodies), dead pathogens.

The state of the exudate is influenced by the stage of the inflammatory process. At the beginning of infection it is liquid and transparent. As the infection progresses, the substance becomes viscous, purulent inclusions are present, and bad smell. The color of the pus is greenish-yellow or dirty gray. Yellow shades purulent discharge acquire at the beginning of inflammation, as well as when fat and glycogen enter the exudate.

Changes occurring in a closed wound:

With inflammation in the lesion, blood flow increases.
Leukocytes penetrate from the capillaries, move into the wound and destroy harmful microorganisms.
Immune cells accumulate at the site of damage. They produce enzymes that kill pathogens and neutralize foreign bodies. Macrophages, having completed their assigned functions, die.
An accumulation of surviving and dead infectious agents, leukocytes and macrophages forms in the wound, which leads to the appearance of pus.
The tissues melt under the action of pus.
The wound opens and purulent contents flow out (the process of abscess maturation lasts seven days).
The final stage of an abscess is the regeneration of damaged tissue, healing of the wound with the formation of a smooth surface or scar.

The purulent substance does not always come out of the abscess on its own. If pus accumulates in the deep tissues, and the wound opening is too narrow, the exudate penetrates into the lower layers. In this situation, a severe skin abscess develops, developing into sepsis - a life-threatening complication that requires serious medical intervention.

At the beginning of the development of inflammation and with a small focus, the abscess is treated with folk remedies and local medications. In case of severe infection and deep wounds, seek the help of a doctor.

Medicines for drawing out pus

Ointments and gels that draw out pus prevent the development of complications and promote wound healing. Local medications stimulate the outflow of exudate, preventing suppuration from progressing.

Ointments and gels have an effective therapeutic effect, they:

pain relief.
relieve inflammation.
kill germs.
disinfected.
soften and restore damaged tissues.

List of drugs

To remove pus from the lesion, use the following topical medications:

Levomekol – combination remedy with an antibiotic and components that promote epithelial restoration. The ointment removes pus and suppresses inflammation.
Streptocide ointment stops suppuration, destroying microbes. Suitable for treating scratches and small wounds.
Ichthyol ointment anesthetizes, draws out pus and disinfects. How to treat an abscess using this remedy: spread the ointment over a napkin, cover the lesion with it, put parchment paper on top, and secure with a bandage. The interval between dressings is 8 hours.
Vishnevsky ointment accelerates the maturation of the abscess and helps remove purulent contents from the wound. Thanks to it, damage quickly heals.
Synthomycin ointment with an antibiotic is an effective remedy that is used to suppress inflammation in difficult-to-heal festering wounds. Microbes quickly get used to the effects of the ointment, so it is used in short courses.

Algorithm for treating abscesses at home:

The skin is treated with an antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine).
Apply ointment to the injury and cover with a napkin.
Fixed with dressing material.
The dressing and medicine are changed following the instructions included with the medicine.

Folk remedies

To eliminate a superficial, non-extensive abscess, use home remedies. Folk remedies for abscesses prepared from aloe, onion, garlic, cabbage and birch leaves, and beets are often used.

Uses of aloe

The abscess is eliminated using the pulp of aloe leaves and their juice. In the thickened juice of the plant useful material are contained in concentrated form. Before squeezing the juice from the leaves, they are kept in the refrigerator for up to 15 days.

Aloe destroys harmful microorganisms, eliminates inflammation. It can be used to draw out pus from wounds. The plant is used as follows:

Lotions are made with the juice. A cotton pad soaked in aloe is applied to boils, pimples, and wounds.
The pulp should be applied to the abscess. The bandage is applied in the evening and left until the morning. The wound is cleaned on the second or third day.
Blackheads, acne and boils are treated with juice or alcohol tincture.

How else can you draw pus out of a wound? You can use Kalanchoe leaves and juice from them. The plant has therapeutic effect, similar to aloe.

Using the Bow

To treat an abscess, raw and boiled or baked onions are used. Options for using onions:

Cut off part of the onion and apply it to the abscess for two hours. The procedure is done twice a day: morning and evening.
Onion pulp is applied to a napkin, fixed on the wound, and left for two hours. Bandages are applied twice a day. Raw onions can cause burns; keeping the application on for more than two hours is prohibited.
Take a warm baked onion, cut off half, apply it to the abscess, and secure it with a warm bandage. After two hours, apply the second half of the onion.
Turn the baked onion into a pulp, add one tablespoon of flour and honey. The mixture is distributed over a napkin and fixed on the lesion. The compress is applied until the abscess is ripe.

Recipes with garlic

Garlic helps solve the problem of how to draw pus out of a wound. Compresses are made with it:

Bake the garlic head and make a paste out of it. Prepare small shavings from laundry soap. Combine ingredients and form into a flat cake. Then apply it to the boil or wound and secure with a bandage. Leave the application for four hours.
Plates cut from garlic cloves help draw out the pus from pimples. They are fixed on top of purulent formations.
Raw garlic gruel helps remove old abscesses. A napkin with it is secured to the sore spot. Applications are changed up to eight times a day.

Ointment that eliminates boils

To carry out treatment at home, prepare honey ointment: take a fresh egg and separate the yolk. Add honey and butter (1 tablespoon each). Pour flour or pharmaceutical clay into the mixture. Make it so thick that you can form a cake, and fix it on the abscess. Three lozenges are required for one day of treatment. Applications are changed at regular intervals.

Treatment of internal abscess

How to treat abscesses on the finger, under the nail plate or in the deep tissues of the epithelium? Any internal abscess help remove hot baths. For steaming, prepare a solution from hot water, salt, soda and calendula infused with alcohol. For 250 ml of water take 1 teaspoon of each product.

Compresses

Treatment of abscesses with folk remedies is effective if applications are made with various plants.

Beetroot and potato applique. Apply beetroot and potato pulp to the area of inflammation. Every 2-3 hours you need to apply a fresh compress.
Secure cabbage or birch leaves to the abscess with a bandage.
Apply to purulent wounds applications of carrots turned into pulp. Change the dressings when the carrot puree dries.
A powder made from dried nettle, calamus rhizomes and birch charcoal draws out purulent contents from wounds.

Washing

Before applying pus-pulling agents to abscessing wounds, it is necessary to sanitize the inflammation with antiseptic solutions. To wash and disinfect ulcers, prepare decoctions:

chamomile;
calendula;
sage;
plantain.

A decoction is made from 500 ml of boiling water and one tablespoon of any herb. The mixture is placed on fire, simmered for 15 minutes, cooled, and filtered. The product is used for local baths. The damaged area is immersed in the broth for 30 minutes. Do 2-3 cleansing procedures per day.

It is permissible to self-medicate skin abscesses if the abscesses are small and the use folk remedies or medications brings noticeable relief. Serious purulent lesions should be treated by a doctor. Prolonged presence of purulent exudate in the wound causes blood poisoning, which can be fatal.