Frequent delays in menstruation reasons. How to avoid delays in healthy women. Thyroid diseases

When consulting women, an obstetrician-gynecologist often encounters the complaint of “delayed menstruation.” In this case, the patient has concerns and natural questions: “Is everything okay? What if I’m pregnant? Does this happen to others? Am I healthy?” Let's talk about the reasons for this condition, which can be different.

A little physiology

The menstrual cycle is the monthly changes in the female body that occur under the influence of sex hormones. The main feature normal cycle(its duration is 21-35 days) regular menstruation is considered - bloody discharge from the genitals, the normal duration of which is 3-7 days. Normal blood loss during menstruation does not exceed 50-100 ml.

Menstrual function is regulated through the joint activity of a complex complex of nervous and humoral structures (cerebral cortex; hypothalamus and pituitary gland - endocrine glands located in the brain), as well as genital organs (ovaries, uterus). Since all levels of this system are interconnected, a delay in the next menstruation may be associated with a disruption in the functioning of any of the listed links. Therefore, the cause of delayed menstruation can be a “breakdown” at any level of regulation menstrual cycle.

Causes of delayed menstruation

Delayed periods may be caused by various gynecological diseases, such as inflammation of the uterine appendages (salpingoophoritis), uterine fibroids (benign tumor of the uterus) and others. However, it should be noted that with these diseases bleeding from the uterus is more often observed.

Periodic delays in menstruation are characteristic of a disease such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This concept combines a number of pathological processes, in which the production of hormones is disrupted. In this case, ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary) does not occur in the body and infertility occurs.

PCOS is observed when the functions of various organs are impaired: the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, thyroid gland and the ovaries themselves. Therefore, the disease can manifest itself differently depending on the causes of its occurrence, and to establish a diagnosis it is not enough to use any one diagnostic sign or method.

With polycystic ovary syndrome, the most common problems are menstrual irregularities (more often - delays from several days to several months), excessive growth of body hair, an increase in the size of the ovaries (but not always), and in half of the patients - obesity. When measuring basal temperature(in the rectum) it remains approximately constant during the cycle, and does not increase in the second half, as is normal. In the most severe (primary) form of the disease, these signs appear already in adolescence after the onset of menstruation.

Various medications are prescribed to treat this condition. hormonal drugs, drugs are used that reduce the level of male sex hormones (the formation of which increases with this disease), regulating metabolic processes in the structures of the brain, etc. In the presence of obesity, it is absolutely necessary to reduce body weight. When preparing for a planned pregnancy, an important stage of treatment is to stimulate ovulation - the release of an egg from the ovary. For this purpose, medications are used, and if they are ineffective, they are used surgical methods treatment. Currently, it is performed by laparoscopy: small holes are made in the anterior abdominal wall through which optical examination instruments are inserted. abdominal cavity and surgical instruments.

Delayed menstruation may also occur after termination of pregnancy. The reason is a violation hormonal balance, and also the fact that during instrumental curettage of the uterus, an excessive amount of tissue can be removed, including that part of the inner lining of the uterus, which normally grows during the menstrual cycle and is released in the form of menstrual blood. To restore this functional layer sometimes takes a little longer than during a normal cycle. That is, after an abortion, menstruation may occur not after 28-32 days, but after 40 days or more. This delay is not normal: the woman requires examination and treatment.

The cause of delayed menstruation may be taking oral contraceptives. While taking the drug or after its discontinuation, absence of menstruation may occur for several menstrual cycles: this is the so-called ovarian hyperinhibition syndrome.

With the development of ovarian hyperinhibition syndrome oral contraceptives cancelled. As a rule, within 2-3 months, maximum within 6 months after the end of their use, ovarian function is spontaneously restored. If the absence of menstruation persists for a longer period, drugs that stimulate the pituitary gland (CLOMIPHENE) or drugs that stimulate the maturation of the egg and its release from the ovary (PERGONAL, CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN) are prescribed. Until normal menstrual function is restored, it is necessary to use other methods of contraception.

Stress- long-term or strong short-term - is the cause of a malfunction of the central structures (cerebral cortex, hypothalamus) that regulate the functioning of the ovaries and uterus. An example of such disorders is the so-called wartime amenorrhea, when women stopped menstruating under conditions of stress.

Another reason for a significant delay in menstruation can be significant and rapid weight loss. So, doctors have such a concept as critical menstrual weight - this is the weight at which teenage girls, as a rule, begin to menstruate. However, we are more interested in the fact that with a strong desire to lose weight, having reached this critical menstrual mass (45-47 kg), a woman can get not only desired result, but also a long delay in menstruation.

Most often this effect occurs when anorexia nervosa- violation eating behavior characterized by refusal to eat food and/or its aversion. This is accompanied by a disorder in the functioning of such regulatory systems of the body as the nervous and endocrine ones. Anorexia nervosa characterized by a sharp decrease in the production of pituitary hormones, which also regulate the functioning of the ovaries. In this case, reproductive dysfunction should be considered as a protective reaction in conditions of nutritional deficiency and mental stress. Therefore, to restore age-related hormone secretion, it is necessary to achieve ideal body weight and eliminate mental stress.

Anorexia nervosa in 50% of cases can occur with episodes bulimia(gluttony), after which the patient exhibits especially obvious signs anxiety, remorse and depression, successful attempts to induce vomiting.

For this reason, when preparing for pregnancy, do not try to achieve the ideal “90 - 60 - 90”. If you are planning to lose weight, treat it wisely, or better yet, consult a nutritionist.

Pregnancy- this, fortunately, is the most common and most physiological cause of delayed menstruation in women reproductive age. In this case, a delay in menstruation may be accompanied by such signs as changes in taste and olfactory sensations, engorgement, and soreness of the mammary glands. As a rule, a pregnancy test in this case gives positive result. Delayed menstruation also occurs during ectopic pregnancy, when the fertilized egg attaches to the fallopian tube. In this case, all subjective sensations characteristic of pregnancy may also be present.

What can the doctor do?

In case of menstrual irregularities, you should immediately consult a doctor. An examination by an obstetrician-gynecologist will help rule out conditions that require immediate surgical intervention. This could be an ectopic pregnancy, frozen pregnancy, tumor diseases, etc.

To understand the cause of menstrual irregularities, the doctor may prescribe additional examinations:

• measuring basal temperature and charting its changes- these measurements, along with other methods, make it possible to judge the presence or absence of such an event as ovulation - the release of an egg from the ovary;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs- uterus, ovaries;
• blood test for hormones- with its help, the level of hormones of the pituitary gland, ovaries, and, if necessary, other endocrine glands is determined;
• computed or magnetic resonance imaging- methods that can be used to obtain layer-by-layer images of brain structures to exclude pituitary tumors.

If there are associated endocrine diseases The gynecologist will prescribe a consultation with other doctors - an endocrinologist, a psychotherapist, a nutritionist.

Ildar Zainullin
obstetrician-gynecologist, Ufa

Discussion

I have a delay of 8 days, pain in the lower abdomen, as if it will start soon, but there is none (
Strong white discharge
There are no signs of pregnancy, no nausea, no taste changes, my chest doesn’t hurt, there’s nothing, what could it be?

Hello. I’m already 7 days late and why is this or pregnancy?

02/08/2018 10:50:30, Tursyn

Good article, thanks. In my life I have experienced delays due to stress. And more than once. The most important thing in this situation is not to be nervous. And, since I myself cannot counterattack it, I took and continue to take courses of Theanine from Evalar, good drug Helps with stress, calm down, relax.

my sister was delayed for a month due to hormonal imbalance and also had dysbacteriosis - she was injected with progesterone then and was prescribed a drug to restore the microflora, after that there were no problems

For me, the article is also quite tolerable, some points and subtleties may not be revealed, but in general it is well written.
By the way, I also didn’t attach any importance to this cycle before, until I started thinking about the baby, and then it started, then one point needs to be taken into account, then treated here, corrected there (They also prescribed a time factor to stabilize the cycle. I have a problem only after half a year I made up my mind a year ago, and now I’m almost a mommy.

I don't agree that the article is weak. Everything is described very clearly. I like it. I also had a problem with my cycle, at first I didn’t go to the doctor, it didn’t really interfere with my life. And then, when I decided to give birth, it was not there. I couldn’t get pregnant right away. Until the doctor prescribed me treatment, my cycle did not even out, I did not get pregnant. I took Time Factor for three months and voila)))) My baby is already with me, we are almost a month old!!!

give me internet ****

06/04/2007 15:49:19, Boba

05/30/2005 18:11:42, Listik

extremely weak article...:(((((

Comment on the article "Delayed menstruation - why does this happen?"

Before the exams I didn’t have my period for 2 months. In general, everything depends on nutrition. There are functional ovarian cysts that lead to delays.

Delayed menstruation - why does this happen? Causes of delayed menstruation. A delay in menstruation can be caused by various periods. Menstruation has become much heavier.

Discussion

This phenomenon happens to me after a sudden change in climate, physical activity and diets. Only a gynecologist can tell for sure.

I don’t want to upset you, but it’s very similar. Perhaps it's still for a long time there will be such an indefinite period

Delayed menstruation - why does this happen? Causes of delayed menstruation. Delayed menstruation can be caused by various gynecological diseases, such as...

Discussion

With a longing, I received “Novinet”, after the change, the first menstruation came after being postponed for 10 days on the 12th of Wednesday, there are no others (
DUFASTON and SPIRONOLACTONE were prescribed. The ultrasound did not clearly write “echo signs of PCOS, paraovarian cyst?” under a question mark
I don’t understand at all, other than from the conclusion it is read that the IA is 36*29mm, and the LA is 48*30mm

It is necessary to examine not only a gynecologist, but also an endocrinologist. Duphaston excellent remedy to solve such problems, but maybe the doctor will also advise you to connect OK.

Delayed menstruation - why does this happen? Causes of delayed menstruation. Delayed menstruation can be caused by various gynecological diseases...

Discussion

Oh, Nastenka, of course I’m hoping for a miracle, so I’m waiting for the test result, and it needs to be repeated in a couple of days, even if it’s negative tomorrow. A before breasts Did you get sick after stopping duphaston? In general, I heard that after cancellation you can wait a week for months.

You can wait 10 days, in general there are cysts on duphaston corpus luteum, you can do an ultrasound and see if it is there. If there is, this is not at all scary and even good - it means that the ovaries are working, it’s just that there may be a delay due to the cyst.

The days of menstruation that arrive on time indicate not only that the woman is not pregnant, but also that proper operation body systems. A constant cycle indicates the absence of diseases that can be caused by both physical and psychological disruptions in the female body.

The main reasons for delayed menstruation

Onset of pregnancy

If you have a permanent sexual partner, the first probable cause pregnancy may be delayed. A delay of no more than 3 days is normal, and it is too early to panic. A longer absence of “red days” should prompt you to take a test to determine the fact of pregnancy or take a blood test to determine the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin human (hCG).

Moreover, the second option is more reliable, since early stages the concentration of the pregnancy hormone hCG in the urine is minimal, and in the blood it is sufficient for an accurate diagnosis. A situation may arise when the test is negative, but the blood test is positive. In this situation, you should rely on the hCG analysis.

Gynecological abnormalities

In the event that a girl is not pregnant, but still has no menstruation, it is not unreasonable to assume the presence of a disease. Often, disturbances in the cycle are caused by ailments:

• uterine fibroids, which is a benign tumor in the form of a ball of smooth muscle fibers. The main symptoms are a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen, cramping, sometimes cutting pain;
• salpingoophoritis (inflammation of the appendages). This disease is caused by the fallopian tubes pathogenic microorganisms. The main symptoms include: general malaise (with severe pain in the lower abdomen and lower back), increased body temperature, sometimes possible aching pain V groin area, white discharge;
• polycystic ovary syndrome ( hormonal disease), the main symptom of which is an irregular menstrual cycle. A delay in menstruation can range from 5 days to six months. Without timely treatment causes ovarian dysfunction (lack of ovulation), ultimately leading to infertility;
• endomerite (disease of the uterus, inflammation of its mucous membrane).

Menstruation may be absent for a certain period of time due to abortions, miscarriages and IUD removal. After such a shake-up, the body needs at least a month to normalize the cycle.

Hormonal birth control pills also affect the regularity of your menstrual cycle. As a rule, the frequency of the menstrual cycle coincides with breaks in taking pills. If you refuse them, your periods may be delayed, since it usually takes about 6 months to restore hormonal levels.

During this period, a woman may notice brown discharge, which will not be a cause for concern unless they appear constantly and are not accompanied by pain.

Other diseases

The delay can be caused by diseases unrelated to gynecology, including:

• diabetes;
• diseases endocrine system(nodes in the thyroid gland);
• heavy infectious diseases(hepatitis, tuberculosis).

In addition to delayed periods, which may be absent from 10 days to several years, these diseases can provoke additional symptoms.

Additional factors influencing changes in the menstrual cycle

Fast weight loss

With sudden weight loss, the body experiences stress and shuts down reproductive function until a more favorable time. In this regard, menstruation stops or occurs at large intervals.

The critical weight for a woman is 45 kg, and if it does not reach the minimum mark, regular menstruation and rapid conception you can forget. In this case, in order to restore the cycle, you need to start eating healthy and nutritious.

Overweight

Overweight retention is a common phenomenon that can be explained by: hormonal imbalance. Estrogen, which is responsible for the regular menstrual cycle, accumulates in the excess fat layer, as a result of which periods can not only be delayed, but also be absent altogether. By getting rid of excess fat accumulation, you can restore your cycle.

Stress

Periods are often delayed due to stress. This is due to disorders in the functioning of the brain that cause stressful situations. The cerebral cortex and hypothalamus regulate the functioning of the uterus and ovaries, therefore, the delay is directly related to psychological state women.

Parts of the brain send a signal reproductive organs about unfavorable conditions for childbirth, as a result of which ovulation does not occur and menstruation does not come. Severe stress can cause absence of menstruation for several years.

Physical exercise

After exhausting physical activity there is also a delay. We are not talking about sports, which are useful and necessary to maintain good health. The reason may be sudden excessive “wear and tear” loads, when a woman, without proper preparation, exhausts her body, thereby causing disturbances in the reproductive system.

False pregnancy

This condition is often observed in women with a panicky fear of motherhood or, conversely, who have been trying for a long time and unsuccessfully to conceive. Additional symptoms caused by psychological factor, in addition to delayed menstruation, are: enlargement of the mammary glands, abdomen, feeling of the presence of toxicosis.

Climate

With a sharp change in climate, a delay in menstruation may also occur. The body reacts especially acutely to prolonged exposure to the scorching sun. Frequent visits to the solarium can also disrupt your cycle. This is a temporary phenomenon and as soon as the body acclimatizes or the exposure to artificial sun stops, the cycle will be restored.

Bad habits

Chemical production, tobacco, alcohol, drugs - these are things that a woman should avoid if possible if her plans include conceiving, bearing and giving birth to a child. All these factors have Negative influence and impair performance reproductive system, and therefore their exposure can cause a delay in menstruation or prolonged absence.

Medications

Some medications affect the regularity of the cycle, these include: antidepressants, anabolic steroids, anti-tuberculosis, diuretics and other drugs. If a delay of more than a week occurs after taking any medication, it makes sense to discuss this with your doctor and find an alternative.

Climax

Women over the age of 45 may experience irregular menstrual cycles. As a rule, this is associated with the decline of reproductive function. The main symptoms of menopause, in addition to delays or long breaks between menstruation, include: hot flashes, bad dream, mood swings and problems at work genitourinary system.

What to do if menstruation does not occur?

1. Take a blood test for hCG or take a pregnancy test.
2. Analyze the events of the last two months preceding the delay. There may have been a change climate zone, intense stressful situations or other factors not related to physical health.
3. If you have not had your period for more than a month, you should immediately seek help from a doctor. He will carry out the necessary diagnostic procedures, based on the results of which he will prescribe treatment.

A delay in the menstrual cycle should in no case be ignored: timely detection of its causes and their elimination can prevent serious disorders of reproductive function and, thereby, help a woman conceive and give birth to a healthy baby.

Not always the absence of monthly bleeding indicates that a woman is pregnant. Often such a violation is associated with diseases or external factors that provoke deviations from the norm.

How many days can a delay without pregnancy be expected?

The menstrual cycle is the interval between two menstruation periods. The length of each woman's cycle is different. Average, Menstruation occurs every 28 days. Some women have a slightly shorter cycle, 25-26 days, or slightly longer, 30-32 days. This is due to changes in the follicular phase.

Why is there a delay in menstruation if you are not pregnant? You will learn from our article.

When menstruation is late, there is a limit permissible norm, which may not indicate the presence of malfunctions in the body, diseases of the genitourinary system or pregnancy. Delay of no more than a week, without accompanying symptoms And feeling unwell, should not bother a woman, because often after this period bloody discharge appears.

The situation is different if a woman suffers from abdominal pain, weakness, or poor health. This may be a signal from the body about a disease, so you should immediately consult a specialist.

After how many days without a period do you start to worry?

A delay in menstruation by more than 10 days should start to bother a woman. A bad sign are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and general weakness. There are many reasons for this phenomenon: this may indicate hormonal imbalance, ovarian dysfunction, nutrition problems, sudden weight loss or gain, emotional or physical stress, climate change.

This will help prescribe competent treatment and give the necessary recommendations.

note! Long delay menstruation may not mean pregnancy, but such a phenomenon may well indicate a disruption in the connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (happens due to emotional stress if a woman is in constant feeling anxiety, physical or mental stress). This is why it is very important to learn to relax.

The main reasons for missed periods without pregnancy

The reasons can be very different, ranging from climate change to oncology, so you should not delay visiting a gynecologist. The main causes and associated problems are discussed in the table.

Why is there a delay in menstruation if a woman is not pregnant?	Problems causing delay
Causes related to external factors or genetics. Usually do not require treatment and go away on their own, without harm to the body.	Stress and depression, climate change, intoxication, heredity, intake medicines
Causes associated with diseases and disorders of the body. Require immediate treatment	Sclerocystic inflammation of the ovaries, polycystic ovarian disease, uterine fibroids, gynecological inflammatory processes, oncology, obesity

Gynecological diseases

1. Ovarian dysfunction– damage to both ovaries by a large number of small cysts, so there is a delay in menstruation.

With this anomaly, the ovaries produce almost no hormones and do not release an egg in the middle of the menstrual cycle. The cervix remains dry due to lack of secretion. If a woman wants to get pregnant, then polycystic ovaries will be a big obstacle to achieving her goal, because the absence of ovulation reduces the likelihood of conception to zero.

Symptoms: lack of menstruation, discomfort in the lumbar region, pain in the lower abdomen, uterine bleeding.

Sclerocystic inflammation of the ovaries can be a consequence of psychological (constant stress, depression) or physical (genital infections, miscarriage) manifestations.

The main symptoms are the rare occurrence of menstruation and pain in the groin area. Also, upon examination by a gynecologist, enlarged ovaries will be detected. Their condition may change throughout the cycle.

1. Uterine fibroids– inflammation of the appendages is often the cause of cycle disruption, which is why menstruation is delayed.

A benign tumor of the uterus is most often accompanied by profuse bleeding, although it can sometimes lead to a delay in bleeding. On this moment The reasons for the formation of fibroids have not been precisely identified, so any woman is at risk, especially if she is pregnant, because the pathology can provoke a miscarriage.

Symptoms: heavy menstruation or their absence, uterine bleeding, lower back pain.

Gynecological inflammatory processes

Most of these diseases are often caused by infections which are sexually transmitted. For example, trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, which enter a woman’s body exclusively through sexual interaction with infected person. They disrupt the work internal organs, which causes the absence of bleeding.

It is important to know! Hypothermia does not cause inflammatory processes, but is only a catalyst for an existing inflammatory process and pathogenic microorganisms.

Symptoms: pain in the groin area, in the vagina, discharge with a specific odor.

Oncological diseases

The absence of menstruation in this case is associated with inhibition of hormone production processes and poor renewal of healthy cells. The main symptom of oncology is a sharp decline weight and exhaustion of the body.

Climax

If a woman is not pregnant, and the organs of the genitourinary system are in order, then why else could there be a delay in menstruation? it's all about changes in the activity of the gonads due to age.

Menopause is the period of decline in female reproductive function, which leads to a delay. Normally, menopause appears in women after 40-45 years of age and is a common occurrence that does not require immediate examination.

Also, the condition in question occurs as a result of surgical interventions in the pelvic organs, gynecological inflammatory processes, tumors, and injuries.

Symptoms: menopause, frequent urination, vaginal and skin dryness, hair loss, headaches, frequent sweating.

Interesting fact! The catalyst for menopause is alcoholism and excess weight.

Stress and depression

Termination bloody discharge in this case, it is associated with a shock to the hypothalamus, which gives commands to the hormonal system. Visible symptoms at the same time no. A woman can lead a normal life and not experience much discomfort.

Problems with excess weight

Why is there a delay in menstruation if a woman is not pregnant? Gynecologists, when this issue regularly arises, recommend paying attention to weight. Overweight may cause a delay in the menstrual cycle.

The menstrual system is the most sensitive system in a woman's body. Even an increase in body weight by more than 15% of normal can lead to bleeding disorders.

Obesity can be accompanied by many other diseases that can affect the regularity of the menstrual cycle. So it's very important to find main reason this phenomenon.

Intoxication of the body

The absence of menstruation may be due to normal intoxication of the body. In this case it will help Activated carbon And a large number of liquids. After cleansing the body, everything will return to its place.

Change in climatic conditions

The reproductive system is very sensitive, therefore, with any change in humidity, regime or time zone, the functioning of organs that secrete hormones slows down.

As a result, the onset of menstruation slows down a little.

Heredity

You should ask your mother or grandmother if they have had regular delays in their periods, because this can be inherited and there is nothing wrong with such delays.

Taking medications

Taking medications is often the reason for the lack of discharge and answers the question of why menstruation is delayed if the woman is not pregnant.

1. Medicines such as antidepressants, neuroleptics and tranquilizers can greatly harm a woman’s body. The thing is that these medications can increase the level of prolactin in the blood, which leads to the release of milk from the nipples. High level The hormone prolactin interferes with the normal functioning of the pituitary gland. The menstrual cycle will be able to normalize after stopping the medications.
2. A different situation is developing when a woman took medications for a long time, and then abruptly stopped taking them. In this case, menstruation stops due to the hypothalamus, which must send commands to the ovaries. It may not function and remain blocked. Then it is recommended to contact a gynecologist to prescribe further treatment.

Are constant delays in menstruation dangerous for a woman?

The danger lies not in the absence of menstruation itself, but in the reason for the delay. If this phenomenon is associated with taking medications or mental stress, then using hormones or going to a psychologist is enough, but if the cause is hidden in oncology or gynecological diseases, then treatment should be started as quickly as possible to avoid irreparable complications.

A delay in menstruation can be caused by both minor events, such as climate change, and serious illnesses (fibroids, cancer). The main thing is to consult a doctor in time and find out the cause, because timely diagnosis is the key to a healthy body.

Why is your period late if you are not pregnant? The reasons are in this useful video:

Periods are gone! 10 reasons. What to do:

There is no doubt about the fact that almost every woman has definitely experienced a feeling of confusion when her period is late. Actually, this is the reason for the complaints of many patients who come to see a gynecologist. Such dysfunctions of the female body can occur in at different ages, both in adolescents at the beginning of menstruation, and in mature women, whose reproductive function is gradually fading.

Quite often, unfortunately, delays occur in women who are capable of conceiving. Sometimes they themselves can determine the cause of the violations - for example: expecting a child, lactation period, refusal to take contraceptive drugs, getting used to a new climate, etc. However, if problems of this kind arise regularly, and the menstrual cycle cannot return to normal on its own, then we are talking about pathology. It is for this reason that a qualified consultation with a gynecologist is so important.

A dangerous duration of absence of menstruation is indicated by a delay of 10 - 15 days or more. After taking a pregnancy test that shows a negative result, you must schedule a mandatory visit to the doctor. Presumably, such delays indicate serious problems with a woman’s health caused by changes in body functions. You should not indulge yourself with illusions and wait until the cycle recovers on its own - only a doctor can diagnose the cause of the delay and prescribe the necessary therapy.

A woman's menstrual cycle is a sensitive system that ensures the maintenance reproductive function and demonstrating various anomalies general health. In order to correctly identify the causes of the main disorders, it is advisable to understand what is normal and what is anomaly in the characteristics of the menstrual cycle.

What is it?

The female body, which is in childbearing age, functions according to a cyclical pattern established by nature.

The menstrual cycle is also a hormonal process under the control of brain structures, including the hypothalamus. The female genital organs are also subject to its effects. The first stage of the cycle begins with the release of the next egg from the ovary. It moves along the fallopian tube, where fertilization is possible, then goes to the uterus, attaching there to its villi inner shell. When she meets a sperm, the woman develops pregnancy. Otherwise, it is rejected by the inner layer of the uterus and excreted out, resulting in the release of blood - the final stage of the menstrual cycle. Bleeding that starts on time indicates physical health women, and also that during the cycle the fertilization of the egg did not occur. If your periods are delayed, it means there is some kind of malfunction in the body.

The first bleeding usually begins between 11 and 15 years of age. At first they are irregular, but after a year or a year and a half the cycle should settle down and return to normal. If the onset of menstruation goes beyond the established limits, this indicates a certain pathology of the female body. A delay in menstruation up to 18-20 years may indicate the presence of disorders associated with the pituitary gland, ovaries, and uterus.

The length of the cycle also indicates the woman's health status. In most cases (about 60%) it is calculated at 28 days, which corresponds to lunar month. Many women (approximately 30%) have a cycle that lasts 21 days, and a relatively small proportion (10%) have periods every 30 to 35 days. In this case, the total duration of menstruation for each is calculated from 3 to 7 days. The complete cessation of menstruation occurs after 45-50 years and marks the onset of menopause.

Irregular periods, alternation of heavy and scanty bleeding, as well as their different durations indicate serious disorders in a woman’s body that require immediate intervention by a gynecologist.

For regular monitoring When menstruation occurs or is delayed, experts recommend keeping a special calendar where you need to mark the first day of the onset of bleeding. The reasons for a delay in menstruation, other than pregnancy, can be quite harmless, or may indicate serious illnesses which need to be treated as early as possible.

The main reasons for missed periods, other than pregnancy

A delay of 2 to 5 days in the “red days of the calendar” should not be a cause for concern, as this is considered quite a real phenomenon for every woman. If pregnancy is excluded, then such disorders of the female body can be caused by many factors. Their careful analysis allows us to determine the cause of a gynecological or non-gynecological nature.

The first reasons include:

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome

The main reason for the lag of menstruation from the usual schedule in this case is. As a rule, the process is caused by the lack of ovulation, depression of the endometrium, as well as the presence of hormonal disorders. The egg does not mature in this process, which gives the body a signal that there is no need to prepare for possible fertilization.

2. Uterine fibroids

Menstruation with uterine leiomyoma can be irregular, with a delay ranging from several days to several months. Despite the fact that this pathology in most cases is considered benign tumor, there are a number negative consequences to which it can lead. And first of all, its degeneration into cancer is dangerous. Therefore, seeing a doctor at the slightest suspicion of fibroids is extremely necessary.

3. Endometriosis

This disease is a pathological proliferation of benign tissue, which is similar to the mucous membrane reproductive organ. Development can occur in various parts reproductive system, and it is also possible to go beyond it. Changes in hormonal levels can be both the cause of the disease and its consequence. Irregular critical days are also one of the main symptoms of such deviations.

4. Inflammatory diseases

The frequency of a repeated cycle can be very negatively affected by any disease aggravated inflammatory processes. Colds and infectious diseases, chronic exacerbations certain diseases, as well as many other problems, may well be the primary source in. If this is the reason for the delay, then the cycle will be able to normalize within just a few months.

5. Hormonal contraceptives

If a woman had to use methods to prevent pregnancy emergency contraception, failure of the menstrual cycle can be considered an absolutely normal phenomenon. In some cases, immediately after using this drug, minor bleeding begins, while regular periods are delayed. In this case, the delay can last up to two weeks.

Speaking in general about taking hormonal contraceptives, it should be noted that their effect on a woman’s body in some cases is completely unpredictable. While taking hormonal medications may not have any effect on one woman, another may experience drowsiness, weakness, dry mouth, and many others. side symptoms. Therefore, in many cases, reception birth control pills may cause a delay in menstruation certain group women.

7. Diagnosis of the uterine cavity, abortion or miscarriage

After medical abortion, not requiring surgical intervention, women's periods are restored almost immediately. The first menstruation in this case begins after the number of days that corresponds to the normal cycle. In the event of curettage of the uterine cavity or miscarriage, the body experiences a sharp restructuring, where hormonal levels are also disrupted. In this case, too much “necessary” tissue may be removed, as well as the inner layer of cells, which usually comes out along with menstrual blood. Usually, the return of menstruation to normal occurs over several months.

8. Postpartum period

Delayed discharge in this case can sometimes be caused by slow reverse development of the uterus. Experts advise a woman to lie on her stomach 2-3 times a day for 10-15 minutes, after which symptoms appear. copious discharge, and the uterus contracts well. Special gymnastics classes, personal hygiene, daily shower and frequent change underwear lead to normalization and establishment of an optimal menstrual cycle.

Menstruation, as a rule, is established in the 7-9th week after childbirth. In this case, they acquire a character - that is, they occurred without the release of the egg. It is advisable to warn women against mistakes: they often believe that pregnancy cannot occur at this time, since their physiological cycle has not yet returned to normal. This opinion is very erroneous, since both ovulation and conception are quite possible.

10. Puberty

The problem of irregular critical days Teenage girls are also affected. At the beginning of the cycle formation process, such anomalies are a very common occurrence. Quite often, experts find that special reasons there is no need for worry, since adjustment occurs in adolescence optimal cycle. Periodic failures in the form of delays can be observed over 1 - 2 years, and the total length of the cycle ranges from 21 to 50 days. However, if a teenager experiences some fluctuations in hormonal levels, then in such cases it is recommended to contact a gynecologist-endocrinologist who will help stabilize it.

11. Menopausal disorders

Severe fatigue, hot flashes, jumps blood pressure, as well as menstrual irregularities are one of the main symptoms of menopause. At approximately 45 - 55 years of age, every woman experiences discomfort due to the restructuring of her body.

The gradual cessation of hormone production leads to a delay in menstruation. Start menopause lasts about 6 years and can be accompanied by both heavy and scanty bleeding. At the same time, the regularity of the cycle also shows signs of obvious disruption, which indicates disruptions in the hormonal sphere. In such cases, experts recommend carefully monitoring the nature of the bleeding, its frequency, and be sure to seek help from a doctor. Taking into account all observations, test results and conducting an examination, the doctor has the opportunity to assume how interconnected menstruation abnormalities are and the approaching menopause.

Delays in menstruation of a non-gynecological nature are also caused by a number of reasons, the clarification of which is of great importance for treatment. These reasons include:

12. Heavy physical activity

Extremely strenuous sports competitions, aerobics, and energetic dancing can provoke a delay in menstrual periods, and the duration of the delays can be several weeks or months. Physical exercise, of course, are useful for every woman, but it is very important not to overexert yourself, draw up the right exercise regimen and be sure to give the body time to recover. If against the backdrop of intense physical exercise There is a delay in menstruation, it is necessary to reduce the level of training or temporarily abandon it altogether.

13. Stressful conditions

As mentioned above, the menstrual cycle, as one of the processes in a woman’s body, is associated with the work of the cerebral cortex. When unforeseen events occur, the activity of the brain structure is subject to unpleasant changes, which fully affects the functioning of the woman’s reproductive system. Stress, even if it is short and unnoticeable, can have a significant impact on the psyche and nervous system. As a result, the regulation of the ovaries may be disrupted in a woman, which leads to a change in the frequency of the menstrual cycle.

Suspension of critical days due to stress for 14 - 30 days is within normal limits. This is exactly how much it will take for the female body to “restart” the menstrual cycle again. However, in some cases there may be a delay of several years. In order for everything to return to normal, psychological rehabilitation of a person is necessary, which could put his nervous system in order.

14. Environmental climatic conditions

This reason is the most common in Lately. Many women who are forced to move frequently or travel thousands of kilometers note the fact that their menstrual cycle changes noticeably. During a time zone change, the so-called “reboot” of the body occurs, as a result of which the established standards functioning of their reproductive system.

It is likely that this system mistakes cycle violations for its renewal and therefore tries to push back the dates of subsequent critical days for a certain period. A change in climatic conditions is a genuine stress for the body, as a result of which quite often a significant suspension of menstruation occurs.

15. Body weight abnormalities

The peculiarity in this case is that, both insufficient and overweight a person can lead to unpleasant menstrual irregularities. In their practice, gynecologists operate with the concept of critical menstrual mass. It denotes a certain weight of a teenager, the presence of which implies the onset of menstruation. Wanting to radically lose weight, many women make the mistake of trying to reduce body weight to an unacceptable amount.

An adult's weight, estimated at less than 45 kg, can lead to cycle disruption in the form of cessation of menstruation. In this case, the body triggers a protective mechanism that acts by disrupting the woman’s reproductive function. Therefore, before you go on any newfangled diet, you should consider everything possible risks to which it can lead.

Rapid weight gain also has similar unpleasant consequences in the form of menstrual irregularities. As a result of education large quantity unnecessary subcutaneous fat, the concentration of the hormone estrogen occurs in the body. These factors definitely lead to the disappearance of menstruation.

16. Intoxication of the body

Contrary to the initial perception of this phrase, we are talking not only and not so much about food poisoning, which have the ability to have a great impact on female body. If a girl or woman drinks alcohol in large quantities, indulges in drugs (even light ones) or smokes, then you should not be surprised at failures and delays in this case. The same reaction of the body can be caused by long-term work in hazardous chemical industries. All these factors have an extremely negative impact on general state reproductive system of every woman.

17. Taking certain medications

Unfortunately, the use of many pharmacological drugs can significantly affect the stability of the menstrual cycle. Depending on which substance is included in a particular product, some women may experience cycle disruption. Most often this impact can be caused by:

• hormonal drugs - reduce the intensity of discharge and lead to a failure of the physiological program;
• anti-ulcer - significantly affect the stability of the menstrual cycle;
• hemostatics - prescribed in case of heavy periods, can lead to problems with the cycle. It is very important to remember that they should only be prescribed by a doctor.

18. Hereditary predisposition

In this case, it is advisable to find out with what cyclicity the mother and grandmother had their periods. It is possible that the cause of the disorders may be a genetic predisposition. If there is a periodic delay in menstruation in your family, then you should warn your daughter about this genetic feature.

How dangerous is a missed period?

As follows from all of the above, the reasons for regularly recurring delays of critical days are multifaceted. Biological clocks can go astray even in nulliparous women who often confuse the symptoms of menstrual irregularities with pregnancy. An inconsistent menstrual cycle should not be considered a particularly dangerous, serious illness, but it can be reversed close attention It’s still worthwhile to consider the frequency of your critical days.

In addition, this problem cannot be taken lightly for the following reason: incorrect development female hormones has the ability to cause the subsequent development of certain dangerous diseases. If not treated in a timely manner, a delay in menstrual periods can be fraught with osteoporosis, problems of the genitourinary system, loss of reproductive function and even infertility. The absence or refusal of correctly prescribed therapy leads to the fact that an initially quite harmless situation can have very disastrous results.

To indicate big picture diseases of one Consulting a gynecologist will not be enough. A number of studies and analyzes are often required, including ultrasound. Inflammatory diseases ovaries, and other gynecological and endocrinological diseases include timely diagnosis And professional treatment, sometimes even in a hospital setting. It is also necessary to determine the patient’s hormonal background, since it is this that is the root cause of failures in many cases.

Self-medication is strictly contraindicated for everyone.. If you know for sure that the delays are not related to pregnancy or any innovations in your life, you should not think for a long time, but you should immediately go for a consultation with a doctor.

The causes of delayed menstruation are divided into functional, iatrogenic and organic. Often cycle failure is caused by exposure external factors. If you don't have your period long time, you need to find out what reasons, other than pregnancy, influenced reproductive dysfunction. If there is a delay of five or more days, it is necessary to undergo a full examination by a gynecologist. Often such a failure is caused by a pathology that should be eliminated as soon as possible.

A variant of the norm is the arrival of menstruation with an interval of 21 to 35 days. A condition in which menstruation is absent for a longer period and comes ten days late is a pathology, but only if the failure of the menstrual cycle is not caused by a natural restructuring of the body.

Signs of delay up to two times during the year can be observed in absolutely healthy women, but if such symptoms appear systematically, you should definitely consult a gynecologist. Often, periods are delayed due to the development of a disease that needs to be identified in a timely manner. Only in this way will it be possible to avoid a number of complications.

Stress, strict diet and depression have a negative impact on reproductive function. Lack of regulation on time may be due to excessive physical or mental stress, as well as fatigue.

It is not only pregnancy that causes delayed menstruation. Reproductive function is affected by a number of pathologies, medications and the general condition of the body. The doctor must identify the cause and normalize the cycle. With its help, you will be able to choose the optimal course of therapy and quickly eliminate the problem.