What to do if your baby has a runny nose with blood. Doctor Komarovsky about why a child’s nose bleeds A baby’s nose began to bleed

A nosebleed in a child, especially a small one, is a cause for great concern for parents. And although doctors say: as a rule, blood coming from the nose of a baby is not at all dangerous, it is better to know everything possible reasons this disease and be prepared to stop it in a timely manner.

Why does a child's nose bleed?

In the nasal region there is a network of vessels and small capillaries, which, when ruptured, provoke bleeding. Dry and irritated vessels become very brittle and can bleed from any, even minor, damage.

The most common causes of nosebleeds in a child or newborn:

Dry mucous membrane. Provoked harmful effect heating appliances, sharp drop temperatures, abuse vasoconstrictor drops with a runny nose; Increased intracranial pressure; Infection (eg, sinusitis); Nose injury (often caused by nose picking or bruise); Hit foreign body(for example, toy parts) into the nose; Incorrect shape of the nose from birth (deviated nasal septum); Proliferation of polyps in the nose. Should I be concerned when I see blood coming from my baby's nose?

As a rule, the concern is unfounded. IN winter period When heating appliances are running at full capacity and the spread of infections reaches critical levels, nosebleeds are not uncommon.

According to doctors, this problem may bother the baby, but it completely disappears by adolescence. The whole point is that the newborn's blood vessels are still too weak and cannot withstand irritants.

How to prevent nose bleed baby?

If the air in the apartment is too dry, you should purchase a humidifier for the child’s room. It will help create a comfortable microclimate and maintain the desired level of humidity.

Make sure that the child does not put anything into the nose, including his own fingers.

If bleeding due to a dry nose recurs regularly, you should talk to your doctor about using saline nasal instillation. It moisturizes the mucous membrane and strengthens blood vessels.

In what cases does nosebleeds in a child require consulting a doctor:

Bleeding occurs as a result of a fall, injury to the head or nose, or a blow; The baby has leaked too much blood and you suspect danger; The bleeding started after taking some medications; The baby has constant nasal congestion, and blood is flowing more often than before. If, in addition to nosebleeds, the child easily bruises, the gums bleed. How to stop bleeding?

Calm the child and make him spit out blood. It should not get into the throat and cause nausea. Place the child on your lap so that his head is tilted slightly down. Press the napkin to the spout and secure it with your hand. You need to wait about 10 minutes without removing the napkin. If the child is quite old, you need to ask him to breathe through his mouth. In order for him not to be scared or bored, you can read a book or turn on a cartoon. After 10 minutes, check to see if the bleeding has stopped. If not, you need to put it on the bridge of your nose cold compress and again cover your nose with a napkin for 10 minutes. If the bleeding does not stop, you should definitely consult a doctor. What not to do!

The child should not be allowed to take horizontal position or tilt your head back. This will cause blood to leak into the throat.
Do not plug your nostrils with cotton swabs. They can stop the bleeding, but during removal they will again damage the mucous membrane and the problem will recur.

Hospital control methods

If the child’s bleeding cannot be stopped at home, he must be taken to the hospital, where the doctor will determine the cause of the pathology. This is done like this: the oral cavity is examined with a special flashlight and the source of bleeding is identified. After this, the damaged area is tamponed with a special hemostatic liquid, which should stop the flow of blood almost instantly. If this also does not help, a bandage is applied. Such a need arises very rarely.

In addition to all these procedures, the doctor looks to see if the nose or head is damaged, and whether bleeding is a sign of some other disease.

Children often tolerate nosebleeds very easily and are not even particularly frightened. However, the adult's task is to make every effort to prevent blood loss. Nosebleeds should not be allowed to become a habit in a child and be perceived as normal.

How did I become a doctor? Quite a difficult question... If you think about it, there was no choice. I was born into the family of a resuscitation doctor, and every day at dinner I heard my father’s story about how his day went. As a child, this all seemed fantastic, beyond reality.

More details

Nosebleeds in children occur quite often. There is nothing strange about this - the mucous membranes in a child’s nose are very thin and can be easily injured. And the children themselves are very active - any child loves to run, play outdoor games, and indulge. And the nose is often the first to suffer in such pranks, especially in boys. But it’s not just trauma that can cause bleeding. Let's figure out why a child may bleed from the nose and what needs to be done in such cases.

Blood in infants

Let's start with the smallest ones. They do not yet lead such an active lifestyle that they could fall and hit their nose. Babies up to 5-7 months spend most of their time in a horizontal position and are rarely left without adult supervision. But, nevertheless, sometimes a baby’s nose may bleed.

In a newborn, the cause is most often trivial - he simply scratches in his sleep or while awake. Infants up to 2-3 months old cannot yet coordinate hand movements well and can accidentally catch their face and stick a finger in their nose. If the nails are cut incorrectly (or the mother is simply afraid to do it), then the thin skin and mucous membranes are easily injured, and the mother thinks that the baby is bleeding from the nose. It is enough to put special mittens on your hands and trim your nails in time, and the problem will disappear.

The second common reason why a baby's nose begins to bleed is improper cleansing. It will no longer be possible to find out who was the first to use cotton swabs to clean the nose, but this idea was very bad, although it spread among mothers simply rapidly. Not only is this the easiest way to injure the mucous membrane, but there is also a risk that the cotton wool will come off and remain in the nasal passage.

Remember: insert into the nasal passage infant solid objects can only be carried out by a doctor for the purpose of examination or necessary medical manipulations. You will not be able to control the depth of insertion cotton swab, nor the force of pressing on the walls of the nasal passages, which are literally penetrated by capillaries.

Damage to the capillaries leads to bleeding from the nose in children after this method of cleaning it. For these purposes, you can only use soft cotton or gauze flagella, moistened saline solution, “Aquamaris” or warm sterile oil (sunflower, sea buckthorn, olive).

In older children, especially from 2-3 years old, more serious causes can cause nosebleeds.

Non-infectious causes

If you turned away for a second, and the baby suddenly began to cry and his nose began to bleed, the most probable cause– injury. This is especially eloquently confirmed by broken knees or other abrasions and wounds. The first thing to do in this case is to calm the child and stop the bleeding. We will tell you how to quickly do this below.

Then you need to carefully examine your nose. If the blood was stopped quickly, touching the bridge of the nose does not cause strong pain, and its shape has not been changed, then nothing bad happened. The impact simply burst the capillaries. But if there is a large wound on the nose, severe swelling appears, and the bleeding cannot be stopped quickly, then a fracture is possible and then the baby needs urgent treatment. medical assistance.

Others non-infectious causes, causing nosebleeds in children can be:

The air is too dry. If there is insufficient air humidity in the room in which the child is located long time, its delicate mucous membranes dry out, dense crusts form in the nose. When removing them from the baby’s nose, blood may bleed, so this must be done very carefully. Overvoltage. Sometimes when severe cough or sneezing, children's noses begin to bleed. This occurs due to severe overstrain of the blood vessels, as a result of which they simply burst. There is no need to worry too much, but you need to pay attention to the reason for the fragility of the capillaries. Perhaps this is vitamin deficiency. Overheating. If your nose bleeds during a walk in the hot season, most likely the cause is simple overheating. The baby should be immediately taken to the shade, wiped his face, arms and legs with cool water, ensure air flow (you can simply fan him with a towel or newspaper). When bleeding is accompanied by vomiting, fainting, chills, or severe headache, it is better to call an ambulance; heat stroke is possible. High blood pressure. In children, blood pressure rarely rises sharply and strongly. But if this happens, nosebleeds may be the first symptom. The child may also complain of a headache, and often nausea and vomiting. Before the doctor arrives, the bleeding must be stopped; it is better to put the baby to bed, rather than apply a cold compress to the forehead. Sudden changes in temperature or pressure. Leads to spasm or severe dilatation of blood vessels. If the walls of the capillaries are very thin, they burst and blood begins to flow from the nose. This often happens on an airplane or when returning from extreme cold in the warmth. This type of bleeding is not dangerous. Chemical or physical irritants: dusty and highly polluted air, strong odors, household chemicals. Especially with constant exposure, they cause inflammation of the mucous membranes and their loosening. Over time, polyps may form, severe allergic reactions may develop, and even bronchial asthma. Entry of a foreign body. A small foreign body is very difficult to notice, but if it is a hard object that is stuck in the nasal passage and presses on the mucous membranes, it causes a child to bleed from the nose, often from only one nostril. Under no circumstances should you try to remove it yourself. The child should be taken to the doctor immediately. The use of vasoconstrictor drops. These drugs are generally not recommended for use in the treatment of young children - they severely dry out the mucous membranes. And if you exceed the recommended dosage, they crack and begin to bleed.

As soon as the above reasons are eliminated, nosebleeds stop and do not occur again. If a child’s nose bleeds regularly (at least two to three times a month), then most likely there is an internal reason for this.

Blood as a symptom

Sometimes nosebleeds in a child can be a symptom of a fairly serious illness. Therefore, when such a phenomenon occurs frequently, regardless of age, the baby must be examined. It is urgent to do this if there are other recurring symptoms. The reason why your baby regularly bleeds from the nose may be the following diseases:

Polyps and others benign formations. Polyps are growths of mucosal tissue that can be caused by external or internal factors. This tissue has a changed structure, is easily damaged, and often bleeds. Such bleeding may not be accompanied by other symptoms, but if the polyps grow strongly, the baby’s nose is constantly stuffy (on one or both sides), and he may complain of a feeling of pressure in the paranasal sinuses. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Most often it is a complication after suffering respiratory diseases of a bacterial or viral nature. The infection, entering the sinuses, provokes purulent-inflammatory processes, severe runny nose and nosebleeds. Cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Often lead to sudden changes in blood pressure readings. This puts additional stress on the capillaries, which they cannot withstand and burst. Sometimes strong increase pressure can be caused by poor kidney function. This can only be determined by comprehensive examination. Oncological diseases. Cancer (and not only of the respiratory system) can cause regular bloody runny nose in the morning and frequent nosebleeds. Especially fragile blood vessels become during a course of chemotherapy, the drugs of which are very toxic. Hemophilia and other bleeding disorders. They become the reason that baby is coming blood from the nose with the slightest damage to its mucous membrane and it is very difficult to stop this bleeding; this often requires the use of special drugs. This effect can also be caused by long-term use blood thinning medications, such as Aspirin.

Treatment in any of the above ways is necessary, since nosebleeds are only a symptom, but they will not stop until the underlying cause is eliminated. Only a doctor should select medications based on the results of the tests performed. Self-medication can aggravate the situation and lead to more frequent nosebleeds.

In some cases conservative treatment turns out to be not enough. So, if after several courses of therapy the polyps in the nose or sinuses do not decrease, it is better to remove them surgically. Otherwise, they can cause not only frequent bleeding, but also the development chronic diseases respiratory organs.

How to stop bleeding

If a child’s nose does not bleed heavily, then correct actions stopping it is easy enough. The main thing is not to panic, so that the anxiety is not transferred to the baby who is already frightened by what is happening. Here's what to do:

sit him on a chair, in your arms or just on the floor (so that he doesn’t fall if he gets dizzy); tilt his head down (and not lift it up, as many do!); lightly squeeze the bridge of the nose with your fingers on both sides; ask the baby to breathe calmly and slowly through the mouth; hold the nose like this for 5-7 minutes.

Usually after these actions the blood stops flowing. You can then apply a cold compress to the bridge of your nose. If it is ice, you should keep it for no more than 5 minutes, then remove it and, if necessary, apply it again after a while.

When a child's nose bleeds excessively, sterile gauze swabs can be very carefully inserted into the nasal passages. They will squeeze the capillaries and the bleeding will stop. You can keep them in your nose for no longer than 15 minutes.

But if, despite everything Taken measures, the blood continues to flow, consultation with a doctor and, possibly, emergency medical care is necessary.

Prevention measures

None preventive measures will not protect the child from nasal injuries. IN childhood they are inevitable. But if you explain basic personal safety measures to a grown-up child, then there is a high probability that you will still be able to do without serious injuries. And children under 2-3 years old simply cannot be left unattended for a long time.

Other preventive measures will help reduce the risk of nosebleeds:

strengthening the immune system, hardening procedures - will allow you to get sick less often respiratory diseases; compulsory treatment runny nose - will prevent the development of chronic diseases of the nose and sinuses; maintaining cleanliness and temperature conditions in the child’s room will eliminate as much as possible Negative influence external factors; regular preventative medical examinations will allow you to diagnose serious illnesses internal organs at an early stage; a variety of nutritious and high-quality nutrition, rich in vitamins and microelements will prevent vitamin deficiency and capillary fragility; Proper and regular cleansing of the nasal passages will not injure the mucous membranes and will eliminate mucus stagnation.

As you can see, everything is important in caring for a baby: routine, nutrition, living conditions, appropriate care. But the most important thing is to trust pediatricians and do not self-medicate. Very often, the wrong actions of parents lead to the fact that such a small problem as a nosebleed becomes a big problem that requires long-term treatment.

A nosebleed in a child, especially a small one, is a cause for great concern for parents. And although doctors say: as a rule, blood coming from the nose of a baby is not at all dangerous, it is better to know all the possible causes of this disease and be prepared to stop it in a timely manner.

Why does a child's nose bleed?

The most common causes of nosebleeds in a child or newborn:

Dry mucous membrane. It is provoked by the harmful effects of heating devices, sudden changes in temperature, abuse of vasoconstrictor drops during a runny nose; Increased intracranial pressure; Infection (eg, sinusitis); Nose injury (often caused by nose picking or bruise); Entry of a foreign body (for example, toy parts) into the nose; Incorrect shape of the nose from birth (deviated nasal septum); Proliferation of polyps in the nose.

Should I be concerned when I see blood coming from my baby's nose?

As a rule, the concern is unfounded. In winter, when heating appliances operate at full capacity and the spread of infections reaches critical levels, nosebleeds are not uncommon.

According to doctors, this problem can bother infants, but it completely disappears by adolescence. The whole point is that the newborn's blood vessels are still too weak and cannot withstand irritants.

How to prevent nosebleeds in infants?

If the air in the apartment is too dry, you should purchase a humidifier for the child’s room. It will help create a comfortable microclimate and maintain the desired level of humidity.

Make sure that the child does not put anything into the nose, including his own fingers.

If bleeding due to a dry nose recurs regularly, you should talk to your doctor about using saline nasal instillation. It moisturizes the mucous membrane and strengthens blood vessels.

In what cases does nosebleeds in a child require consulting a doctor:

Bleeding occurs as a result of a fall, injury to the head or nose, or a blow; The baby has leaked too much blood and you suspect danger; The bleeding started after taking some medications; The baby has constant nasal congestion and bleeds more often than before. If, in addition to nosebleeds, the child easily bruises, the gums bleed.

How to stop bleeding?

Calm the child and make him spit out blood. It should not get into the throat and cause nausea. Place the child on your lap so that his head is tilted slightly down. Press the napkin to the spout and secure it with your hand. You need to wait about 10 minutes without removing the napkin. If the child is quite old, you need to ask him to breathe through his mouth. In order for him not to be scared or bored, you can read a book or turn on a cartoon. After 10 minutes, check to see if the bleeding has stopped. If not, you need to put a cold compress on the bridge of your nose and cover your nose with a napkin again for 10 minutes. If the bleeding does not stop, you should definitely consult a doctor.

What not to do!

Do not allow the child to take a horizontal position or tilt his head back. This will cause blood to leak into the throat.
Do not plug your nostrils with cotton swabs. They can stop the bleeding, but during removal they will again damage the mucous membrane and the problem will recur.

Hospital control methods

In addition to all these procedures, the doctor looks to see if the nose or head is damaged, and whether bleeding is a sign of some other disease.

More details

Nosebleeds are a common problem in childhood and adolescence. This is related to both physiological characteristics the structure of the nasal passages, and the functioning of the immune system in children.

Parents' opinions about nosebleeds differ: some do not see the danger in this phenomenon and do not attach much importance to the problem, while others, on the contrary, begin to worry and worry, even if there is no apparent reason for this.

In any case, recurrent bleeding should not be ignored - they may be the first signal possible problems with health.

Runny nose and other causes of nosebleeds in one-year-old children and adolescents

Nosebleeds are the result of damage to the capillaries, of which there are a huge number in the nasal cavity. Young children can simply “pick” the surface of the mucous membrane, which leads to blood flow.

But not always the reasons this phenomenon may be harmless. Sometimes frequent nosebleeds indicate serious pathology, so ignore this symptom(especially if the baby is too small) it is impossible.

Low air humidity.

Dry air contains a lot of dust and harmful elements, which, when inhaled, settle on the mucous membranes and form growths (crusts). In addition, low air humidity negatively affects the condition of the mucous membrane, leading to its depletion. This process is called atrophy of the mucous membranes. If a child, picking his nose, picks off a dried growth, a wound will form and capillary bleeding will occur.

Arterial hypertension.

Blood pressure problems can also cause nosebleeds. In this case, bleeding is only beneficial for the child, since it prevents more serious consequences, for example, bleeding in the brain. Bleeding is usually preceded by headache, weakness, deterioration in health. After the bleeding stops, the child feels much better.

Diseases of the hematopoietic system.

Disturbances in blood clotting processes (coagulopathy) are another serious reason nosebleeds. In this case, the gums and other areas with mucous membranes will also bleed.

Vitamin deficiency.

Poor and monotonous food with low content useful elements(minerals and vitamins) can lead to various abnormalities and diseases. A lack of vitamin C negatively affects the condition of blood vessels - they become brittle and their walls are depleted, which increases the likelihood of damage.

Overheat.

Especially often sunny and heat strokes children receive during walks in the summer. To avoid them, it is necessary to follow the rules for children's exposure to the sun in the summer. Walking during the high solstice (from 12 to 17 hours) for children under 6 years of age is strictly prohibited.

Infectious and respiratory diseases.

Colds, as well as diseases caused mainly by viruses, lead to the formation of swelling of the nasal mucosa and increased pressure in the capillaries, which cannot withstand the increased load and burst.

Inflammatory pathologies.

Inflammation of the nasal sinuses (sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis), as well as adenoids, contribute to the filling of the mucous membranes with blood.

Fluctuations in barometric pressure.

During an air flight or traveling in the mountains, a child may develop a nosebleed. The reason will be increased rarefaction of air in conditions unusual for the child.

Pathologies of the heart and blood vessels.

Pressure surges in the vessels located in the neck and head area lead to fragility of the vascular walls and the onset of bleeding.

Anatomical features of the structure.

Some children have very narrow nasal passages, so any impact in the nasal cavity leads to injury to the mucous membrane and bleeding.

Taking medications.

Some parents are too zealous in treating a runny nose and use vasoconstrictor drugs designed to eliminate swelling and restore normal breathing.

Such medications cannot be used for more than 3 days, as they not only lose their effectiveness (addiction sets in), but also dry out the mucous membrane, making it thin and susceptible to mechanical stress.

Injuries and bruises.

If a child has a nosebleed, the cause may be a bruise. When children fall, they often hit their head and face, so you should carefully inspect the surface and nasal cavity for signs of lacerations. If any are found, you should take the baby to a children's hospital.

Why does a baby's nose bleed?

In newborns and infants, frequent nosebleeds are usually a consequence of anatomical features.

The nasal passages are still too narrow, and the capillaries are weak, so they often burst with any overexertion or exposure to an irritating factor. For example, when crying for a long time and loudly, the baby may bleed from the nose.

If the house is hot and the air humidity does not meet the required standards, nosebleeds can also recur with enviable frequency.

Nosebleeds in teenagers: causes

The causes of nosebleeds in teenagers are the same as for other children. But some features can still be highlighted. For example, during puberty (especially in girls), the likelihood of bleeding increases by 2 times. Increased workload at school and rare walks also negatively affect the condition of blood vessels, including nasal capillaries.

Walking is necessary for children of any age. Teenagers are no exception. Children over 12 years old should be outside for at least 3-4 hours in good weather, and at least 2 hours if outside low temperature or slight wind. Algorithm of actions Rules for providing first (emergency) aid for nosebleeds in a child: Calm the child and persuade him to spit out the blood. If the child is too small and does not know how to spit, gently tilt his head down and try to unclench his jaws with your hands. In cases where the baby resists too actively, the action should be stopped. Place a clean tissue to your nose thick fabric and press it for 8-10 minutes. If there is no napkin, or the bleeding is quite intense, you can take a towel. Apply a cold compress to the bridge of the nose. You can use frozen vegetables from the freezer, after wrapping them in a towel or thin diaper. If after 10-15 minutes the bleeding does not stop, call an ambulance. In the video, Dr. Komarovsky describes to parents the main mistakes they make when trying to stop bleeding. How to stop bleeding in a baby? Technology to stop bleeding in children infancy not much different from the rules that apply to older children and teenagers. First you need to calm the baby down. If your baby gets very scared, this can cause high blood pressure and increased bleeding. The baby should not be allowed to cry. Infants do not know how to spit out blood that has accumulated in oral cavity, therefore, during an attack of severe crying, there is a possibility of blood clots getting into the throat and Airways. If the baby already knows how to sit, he should be placed on your lap and his head tilted slightly forward. If bleeding occurs in a newborn or one year old baby, you should take him in your arms with his back up, but at the same time you need to support his head with one hand so that it is constantly raised. Then proceed according to the algorithm: apply a napkin or cloth and apply cold to the bridge of the nose. What can't you do? It is forbidden to tilt the child's head back, as he may choke on blood. For the same reason, you should not use cotton swabs (place them in the nostril) on infants, as they cannot breathe through their mouths, and blood can enter the respiratory tract. By the way, it is not recommended for teenagers to plug their nostrils with tampons, since during removal they can again injure the mucous membrane, which will lead to re-bleeding. Going to the hospital when frequent bleeding Despite the fact that nosebleeds are most often not a sign of pathology, in some cases you will still have to show the baby to the doctor. The baby needs urgent medical attention when: blood comes from both nostrils; it is not possible to stop the bleeding on your own (within 15 minutes); blood comes from the nose and from other organs (for example, bleeding from the vaginal tract is simultaneously observed); bleeding started after taking any drug (may mean the beginning of anaphylactic reaction); blood flows like a fountain. Important! The listed conditions are a reason for emergency hospitalization of the child and a thorough examination. If blood flows from the nose regularly (more than once every 10-14 days), you should get tested, find out why the bleeding is bothering you and get advice from specialists. You can start by visiting a pediatrician or otolaryngologist, who, after reviewing the results laboratory tests will appoint additional research and examination by specialized specialists, for example: a cardiologist; pediatric oncologist; hematologist. Walking and spinning in the morning as preventative measures In order for the blood vessels to be strong and elastic, it is important to ensure sufficient intake of vitamins and minerals (zinc, potassium, sodium, vitamins C, A, E). To do this, the child’s diet must contain all the main food groups recommended for a specific child’s diet. age category. IN mandatory The table should include fruits and vegetables (in season), meat and fish, eggs, liver, nuts, dairy products, herbs and cereals. Regular ventilation and humidification of the air in the room where the child spends most of his time will help to avoid thinning of the mucous membrane.

Ideally, there should be a humidifier in the children's room, but if it is not possible to purchase one, you can use the old method: hang it on radiators wet towels or place pots of water on the shelves.

It is best to use heating devices only in case of emergency. The optimal air temperature for a children's room is 20-22 °C in the morning (and 16-18 °C at night).

Regular walks, in any weather, in the mornings and evenings, are also the key to healthy mucous membranes. If there is a little rain outside, this is not a reason to cancel your walk. On the contrary, such air has an extremely positive effect on the condition of the nasal cavity, helping to fight bacteria and viruses.

Nosebleeds cannot be called a pathological condition, since in most cases the causes of this phenomenon are related to anatomy and physiology. But it’s not worth starting the problem, especially if it comes back again and again. If you consult a doctor in a timely manner, disorders can be identified in the early stages, which allows you to successfully treat many diseases and prevent the development of complications.

Nosebleed is pathological condition, which often occurs in young children. Most often, the pathological process is not accompanied by additional symptoms and therefore it is difficult to determine the causes of its occurrence. That is why in case of frequent bleeding it is necessary to consult a doctor.

If a child's nose is bleeding, causes can be quite varied. The pathology is most often diagnosed when:

Organ injury. In children, bleeding for this reason is most common. Children love to play with various light objects that accidentally cause injury. Most often, bleeding from the nose in a 3-year-old child is observed precisely for this reason. This injury can occur in children if they frequently pick their nose.
ENT diseases. Pathological process accompanied by frequent runny nose. At 1 year of age, bleeding can be observed with colds, which is explained by incompletely formed immunity. If children often get discharge from the nose, this causes damage to inflamed blood vessels and bleeding.
Use of nasal medications. The appearance of blood from the nose in a child 2 years of age and older is observed during the use of vasoconstrictor drugs. They are recommended for use to relieve cold symptoms. If they are used for a long period, sometimes this leads to pathology, especially in infants.
Nasal tamponade. It is a serious cause of nosebleeds in children 6 years of age. If the baby often has nosebleeds, then tampons are installed, which can injure the mucous membrane, which will lead to aggravation of the situation.
Impact of external factors. If the baby is 4 years old nasal cavity When dry air is constantly exposed, drying out of the mucous membranes is observed. This means that she is easily injured.

Other causes may also lead to nosebleeds at 10 years of age. Children five years old who suffer from hepatitis are at risk. This symptom is also observed in anemia and leukemia.

Bleeding can be diagnosed under the influence of a variety of provoking factors. That is why parents need to be attentive to their child.

How to recognize dangerous nosebleeds?

The most dangerous conditions are when blood runs from the nose at night. Pathology occurs when exposed to the most unexpected factors. When a child's nose bleeds, the reason may be allergic reaction, intracranial pressure. Blood may also run out if drops are used uncontrolledly. vasoconstrictor effect.

If bleeding is repeatedly observed in the morning, this indicates the presence of polyps. Also, this condition is observed with chronic physical or emotional fatigue of the baby. The danger is also indicated by the fact that blood is released along with mucus. This indicates the occurrence of complications in the ENT organs.

Possible complications

If a child has frequent nosebleeds, this can lead to complications. With heavy blood loss, the baby often loses consciousness. With epistaxis, children are often diagnosed with nausea and vomiting. This is due to the flow of blood through back wall throats in digestive system. Improper provision of first aid leads to blood entering the nasolacrimal duct. That is why it flows out through the eye sockets.

Bleeding can lead to serious complications, which requires timely provision of first aid to the baby.

Features of treatment

If a child has a nosebleed, only the doctor can determine what to do. With a single bleeding, no specific treatment is required. In rare cases, cauterization of the blood vessels in the nose is performed. For systematic bleeding, therapy is recommended. In this case, the cause is determined, as well as individual characteristics in children.

First aid

If The child has a nosebleed, then he needs to be given emergency first aid. To stop bleeding, you must perform certain actions:

The child needs to be seated on a chair and his head tilted forward.
It is recommended to close the nostril or both nostrils with your hands and apply a compress to the bridge of the nose.
After 5 minutes, gauze tampons are inserted into the nostrils, which are pre-soaked in a solution with a vasoconstrictor effect - Vibrocil, Naphthyzine.
After 5 minutes have passed, it is necessary to remove the tampons and treat the mucous membranes. In this case, Vaseline or Neomycin ointment is used. With their help, the healing of mucous membranes is accelerated.

First aid for nosebleeds must be carried out without fail, which will eliminate the possibility of complications.

How to stop bleeding in a baby?

Infants may also experience nosebleeds. In this case, the algorithm of actions during the provision of first aid changes. The baby must be freed from constrictive clothing, which will ensure access to oxygen. Next, you need to pick him up in a standing position. You need to apply a little pressure on the bridge of your nose and hold it with your fingers for 10 minutes. There is no need to overdo it in this case, as this can lead to damage.

During the period of first aid, you need to ensure that the baby breathes through the mouth. You can also apply a towel to the bridge of your nose, which is pre-wetted in cold water. The blood that flows out is removed using a sterile wipe.

What not to do?

When a child’s nose begins to bleed, parents panic and try to help him and make mistakes. It is strictly forbidden to place the child on the bed and, especially, to raise the legs, as this will lead to increased blood loss. Throwing your head back is also prohibited, as this will lead to increased blood flow and increased secretions. This can also lead to cramping and vomiting.

After providing first aid, it is forbidden to give the child food or drink, especially warm, as this will dilate the blood vessels and lead to re-bleeding. Physical activity after bleeding is contraindicated for a child, as this can lead to relapse.

Drugs for the treatment of nosebleeds

If blood is constantly flowing from the nose, then this requires the use of certain medications. In order to reduce the fragility and permeability of capillaries, it is recommended to use:

Ascorbic acid;
Ascorutina;
Routine.

In order to speed up the stop of bleeding, Dition or Vikasol is used. It is also recommended for the patient intravenous administration Aminocaproic acid, Calcium chloride. If the pathology occurs against the background of injuries, it is recommended to take Contrical or Trasylol.

How to stop using folk remedies?

Often, to eliminate bleeding, drugs are used traditional medicine, which are characterized not only by accessibility, but also by safety. To improve blood clotting, it is recommended to take teas made from chamomile and plantain.

If bleeding occurs constantly, then he needs to eat a piece of aloe leaf in the morning. If there is a need to quickly stop bleeding, you need to moisten a gauze swab in the juice of plants such as plantain or nettle and insert it into the nostrils for 5 minutes.

When do you need specialist help?

Most parents ask the question: when is it necessary to contact a specialist? After the child’s nose stops bleeding, you need to seek help from a doctor. The specialist will determine the cause of the pathology and also prescribe effective treatment. If the need arises, the ENT doctor will send the baby for further examination.

Prevention

To avoid the occurrence of nosebleeds in children, it is necessary to carry out its prevention in a timely manner. In this case, it is necessary not only to monitor the baby’s health, but also to adhere to certain rules:

The baby's room should be regularly ventilated. During the heating season, regular ventilation of the room is necessary.
In order to strengthen immune system baby, he needs to take vitamin and mineral complexes in the autumn and spring.
It is necessary to ensure proper diet child nutrition. he is recommended to eat citrus fruits, vegetables, fish, and dairy products.

Bleeding in children can occur for a variety of reasons. When it appears, parents should provide first aid to the baby and consult a doctor. Only a specialist after carrying out the appropriate diagnostic measures can determine the cause of the pathology and develop a treatment regimen aimed at eliminating it.

Bleeding from a child's nose always frightens parents. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, and, of course, in such a situation the baby needs help. In order for parents to be able to provide it to their child, they need to familiarize themselves with the relevant information about the types, features and methods of treating such pathologies.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

There are a lot of blood vessels in the nasal cavity. Nosebleeds (epistaxis) from one or both nostrils are much more common in children than in adults. It can occur at any age (both in one-year-olds and in preschool and younger children school age up to 10 years) and less often in adolescents. Thus, almost every child personal experience knows what nosebleeds are.

Why is this happening? Let's list the main reasons:

nasal injuries;
diseases of the ENT organs;
pathologies of internal organs and systems;
frequent nasal tamponade;
external factors.

Nose injury

Toddlers love to play with small objects. Parents cannot always keep track of them, and the child can easily stick some small toy (for example, a construction piece) up his nose. This is typical for children 3-4 years old. As a result, the baby injures the nasal mucosa and bleeding begins. A similar injury can be caused by simply picking your nose with your finger. If possible, it is necessary to wean the child from such habits.

ENT diseases

During the cool season, children often suffer from colds (we recommend reading:). This happens because the immune system is not yet formed. From frequent discharge liquid secretion from the nose, the vessels in it become inflamed. When a child sneezes or coughs, weak and inflamed blood vessels may begin to bleed from tension.

Diseases of other organs and systems

Bleeding is also explained by the presence of pathologies, which are characterized by impaired hemocoagulation (blood clotting). With such diseases, blood vessels become very vulnerable, and even mild bleeding is difficult to stop. TO similar diseases relate:

hepatitis;
anemia;
leukemia, etc.

Teenagers often experience nosebleeds during hormonal changes. This is not a pathology, but simply age-related features.

Use of nasal medications

During colds Parents often instill vasoconstrictor drugs into their child’s nose. In some cases, their use is necessary, because they alleviate the course of the disease, but too long use makes the vessels vulnerable, the mucous membrane becomes thinner and vulnerable, which provokes the occurrence of bleeding.

Too long use of vasoconstrictor drops may be complicated by vasospasm and bloody discharge

Frequent nasal tamponade

If the baby has a frequent flow of blood from the nose, then cotton swabs are inserted into his nasal passages (they look like flagella about 3 cm long and no more than 1 cm thick). Such tampons block blood flow and, with frequent use, cause atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Because of this, the problem is not solved, but only worsened.

External factors

Sometimes nosebleeds are caused by external factors. For example, if the baby overheats in the sun and gets sunstroke or heatstroke (more details in the article:). Dry air impairs the elasticity of the blood vessels in the nose, making them fragile and brittle. This air can be used both outdoors in cold or hot weather, and indoors.

Types of nosebleeds

To make a diagnosis, it matters what time of day the bleeding from the nose occurs, whether it happens periodically or happened once. Most often, bleeding occurs at night, in the morning or with rhinitis.

At night

Nosebleeds at night cause the greatest fear and anxiety among parents. The most unexpected factors can provoke the phenomenon.

If the parents are sure that the baby did not have any injuries to the nose, then the bleeding may have been caused by:

long-term or uncontrolled treatment with vasoconstrictor drops;
severe drying of the baby’s nasal mucosa - this is especially true during the heating season, when the air in the apartment is dry;
allergies to dust, household chemicals, pets, etc.;
increased intracranial pressure.

In the morning

If your baby has bleeding in the morning, it may be due to the following factors:

in a dream, the child lay on his side or stomach all night, which could put pressure on the blood vessels and cause bleeding;
the presence of polyps in the nose also leads to blood loss in the morning;
as in the case of nighttime phenomena, morning ones can be caused by too dry air in the room;
increased emotional and physical stress (typical for school age from 8 to 11 years), lack of sleep for good rest and many more etc.

Bleeding from the nose may occur due to overexcitement and anxiety.

Rhinitis with blood

It happens that slight bleeding from the nose is accompanied by rhinitis. This is especially noticeable when blowing your nose. What could be the reason for this phenomenon:

The child, due to inability, blows his nose too actively, therefore injuring the mucous membrane and promoting the appearance of blood (we recommend reading:);
trying to pick off dried crusts, the baby scratches the delicate mucous membrane;
affects frequent use vasoconstrictor drugs;
complications after diseases of the ENT organs.

These are just some of the possible causes of blood in the nasal cavity. To accurately establish the nature of the pathology, consultation with a specialist is necessary. This is most relevant for regular bleeding.

How to stop nosebleeds?

You can stop nosebleeds with fairly simple steps. Of course, the cause of the pathology plays a significant role. If the flow of blood does not stop for more than 15-25 minutes, then it is necessary to urgently call ambulance. It is also necessary to intervene with specialists if there has been a head injury, vomiting is present, the child loses consciousness or suffers from poor blood clotting (hemophilia).

Providing first aid to a child

At home, it is important to provide timely first aid to the baby. It should be not only physical, but also psychological.

This way the injured part is compressed and the bleeding stops.

Children themselves are very frightened by sudden bleeding, so it is necessary to immediately reassure the child. Simple steps will help ease your baby’s condition:

Place your baby in a chair and tilt his head forward.
Pinch your nostrils and apply ice to the bridge of your nose. After 6-7 minutes, you can carefully insert cotton swabs soaked in vasoconstrictor drugs(Vibrocil, Naphthyzin).
After 5 minutes, carefully remove the flagella and lubricate the mucous membrane with Vaseline or Neomycin ointment, which accelerate healing and soothe inflammation.

The most common mistakes that are easy to avoid

Many parents, trying to help their child, unknowingly can harm him. Incorrect first aid measures can lead to increased bleeding and other unpleasant symptoms. In order to prevent mistakes and not aggravate the situation, you need to know what things you absolutely cannot do:

During bleeding, place the baby in bed and elevate his legs. This will increase blood loss.
Throw your head back, because this disrupts the outflow of blood through the neck veins and increases blood flow. In addition, it numbs the throat, causing spasms and vomiting.
Immediately after the bleeding stops, give the child drinks and food, especially hot ones. High temperature causes blood vessels to dilate and resume bleeding.

Also, after stopping the flow of blood, the child should be protected from sports and heavy physical activity. This may trigger a relapse.

When is it necessary to contact a specialist?

You should contact an ENT doctor after the bleeding has stopped. Consultation with a specialist is needed to establish the cause and prevent recurrences. The doctor examines the sinuses using special mirrors (this method is called rhinoscopy). If necessary, damaged vessels are cauterized. Consultations with other specialists (endocrinologist, hematologist, etc.) may also be prescribed and tests may be performed.

Treatment of nosebleeds

With a single nosebleed, no specific treatment is not required because relapse is unlikely and parents have nothing to worry about. It will be enough to follow basic preventive measures. Systematic bleeding, as well as those caused by severe injuries, kidney disease, and impaired blood clotting, are subject to treatment. If relapses occur, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.

Medicines

Therapy medicines is aimed primarily at reducing the fragility and permeability of capillaries. Here are used:

Ascorutin (more details in the article:);
Rutin;
Ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic acid reduces permeability vascular wall

Additionally, for the prevention and acceleration of bleeding control, the following is prescribed:

Vikasol;
Dicynone;
intravenously: Calcium chloride, Aminocaproic acid (we recommend reading:).

For bleeding caused by injuries, your doctor may prescribe:

Trasylol;
Contrikal.

Traditional medicine

Among folk recipes there are quite a few effective means. Their additional advantages are accessibility, environmental friendliness and budget. Among these remedies there are both local and those taken orally:

Teas with sea buckthorn, plantain, and chamomile improve blood clotting well;
a piece of aloe leaf, eaten on an empty stomach, can help with frequent bleeding;
To quickly stop bleeding, you can soak a cotton swab in the juice of fresh nettle or plantain and insert it into the sore nostril.

If your child has nosebleeds, it is recommended to drink chamomile teas.

These recommendations can be useful, but parents should not get carried away with self-medication, especially if the cause of the bleeding is not clearly established. Before using traditional medicine, you should also consult your doctor.

Preventive measures

To prevent nosebleeds, parents need to follow some rules. They consist in close attention to the health of your baby, preventing injuries, providing useful and balanced nutrition. The following measures will help strengthen the baby’s blood vessels:

Regular ventilation of the room and humidification of the air in the apartment during the heating season.
Taking vitamin and mineral complexes for children, especially in the off-season, when the child’s immunity is weakened.
Eating fresh vegetables, citrus fruits, fish, dairy products.

A nosebleed is not a dangerous phenomenon in itself, but it is better to prevent this pathology in order to maintain peace in the family and not expose the child to unnecessary stress. Following simple precautions will help the baby be healthy and cheerful and delight his parents with his successes and good mood.

A nosebleed in a child, especially a small one, is a cause for great concern for parents. And although doctors say: as a rule, blood coming from the nose of a baby is not at all dangerous, it is better to know all the possible causes of this disease and be prepared to stop it in a timely manner.

Why does a child's nose bleed?

The most common causes of nosebleeds in a child or newborn:

As a rule, the concern is unfounded. In winter, when heating appliances operate at full capacity and the spread of infections reaches critical levels, nosebleeds are not uncommon.

How to prevent nosebleeds in infants?

If the air in the apartment is too dry, you should purchase a humidifier for the child’s room. It will help create a comfortable microclimate and maintain the desired level of humidity.

Make sure that the child does not put anything into the nose, including his own fingers.

If bleeding due to a dry nose recurs regularly, you should talk to your doctor about using saline nasal instillation. It moisturizes the mucous membrane and strengthens blood vessels.

In what cases does nosebleeds in a child require consulting a doctor:

Bleeding occurs as a result of a fall, injury to the head or nose, or a blow; The baby has leaked too much blood and you suspect danger; The bleeding started after taking some medications; The baby has constant nasal congestion and bleeds more often than before. If, in addition to nosebleeds, the child easily bruises, the gums bleed. How to stop bleeding?

Calm the child and make him spit out blood. It should not get into the throat and cause nausea. Place the child on your lap so that his head is tilted slightly down. Press the napkin to the spout and secure it with your hand. You need to wait about 10 minutes without removing the napkin. If the child is quite old, you need to ask him to breathe through his mouth. In order for him not to be scared or bored, you can read a book or turn on a cartoon. After 10 minutes, check to see if the bleeding has stopped. If not, you need to put a cold compress on the bridge of your nose and cover your nose with a napkin again for 10 minutes. If the bleeding does not stop, you should definitely consult a doctor. What not to do!

Hospital control methods

In addition to all these procedures, the doctor looks to see if the nose or head is damaged, and whether bleeding is a sign of some other disease.

More details
Newborns of the first year of life breathe, as a rule, through their nose, since they do not yet know what shortness of breath is, as well as a lack of nasal breathing during active physical exercise, that’s why they have no experience of mouth breathing.

how to tell if your baby has a runny nose or just mucus?

On the other hand, the nasal passages of newborns are very narrow, they are so small that even minor swelling can cause serious difficulty in nasal breathing, or even stop it altogether. In medicine, there are cases when a simple and elementary, at first glance, runny nose led to the suffocation of small children, therefore the appearance of nasal discharge of any nature in a newborn must be taken very seriously, and in order to know how to react to them, it is necessary to distinguish between a runny nose and ordinary physiological secretions.
Return to contentThe first 10 weeks of a baby’s life may be accompanied by either excessive dryness of the nasal passages or excessive moisture - the mucous membrane of the nose adapts to external conditions, coming from the liquid environment of the mother's womb. It is necessary to pay attention to such discharge, but there is no particular need to treat them, allowing the mucous membrane to independently select the level of humidity in the baby’s nose. It is enough to help the baby’s nose a little: moisten it with a saline solution and humidify the air with additional funds. How can you tell: does your baby have a runny nose or is it just mucus that comes out naturally? The thing is that a physiological runny nose does not cause concern or harm to the baby, its condition does not worsen, the temperature does not rise, the mucus is not abundant, has a transparent liquid consistency and rarely remains in the cavities of the nose. If a child develops other symptoms: fever, wheezing, cough, then most likely it is a common runny nose.
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Runny nose

runny nose with blood in a baby

When a runny nose occurs, severe swelling of the mucous membranes of the baby’s nose occurs, very copious discharge mucus. Due to the fact that swelling of the nasal mucosa occurs very quickly, it becomes difficult for mucus to come out of the nose, as a result of which it clogs cavities, and the baby’s breathing becomes difficult. All this can be complicated by the fact that mucus, infected with viruses or bacteria, will gradually descend down the body, causing diseases of the larynx and lungs. Even the most light form infectious rhinitis leads to severe difficulty in nasal breathing. As a result, the baby is completely unable to suckle at the breast, since he has to suck and breathe at the same time, transferring his attention first to this or that process. As a result, the baby gets tired and swallows during feeding. a large number of air, which leads to colic and excessive gas formation. Mucus in a baby's stool during a runny nose most often indicates that there are pathogenic bacteria in the baby's intestines. Stool with mucus in some cases is present during a runny nose, and during bronchitis, and during others viral diseases. Problems with nutrition lead to the fact that the baby begins to get very nervous, which puts a strain on his central nervous system, the baby becomes very restless, withdraws into himself, and reacts very poorly to sources of external irritation. The larynx, which at a young age is not ready for overload, can also become inflamed, as a result of which the baby will also develop bronchitis or laryngitis against the background of a runny nose. In addition, inflammatory processes that occur during a runny nose may be accompanied by elevated temperature body, as well as other unpleasant symptoms. A runny nose in infants, as a rule, develops in stages; it is important to know each of the stages in order to be able to fight the disease at each of them, since treatment The development of a runny nose in infants occurs in three stages. During the first stage, the blood vessels of the baby’s nasal mucosa become very dry and turn pale. The child begins to worry about the appearance of soreness and dryness in the nose, and sneezes. This stage lasts approximately 1 day. If the parents noticed in time that the baby was starting to have a runny nose and began correct treatment(additional moistening of the nasal mucosa), then a runny nose may not develop further. The problem is that small children cannot speak, making this stage of a runny nose quite difficult to detect. At the second stage, the vessels of the nose sharply expand, causing severe swelling in the nasal cavity, breathing becomes difficult, and copious mucus begins to secrete from the nose. The mucous membranes of the nasal passages acquire a rich red color, the mucus is watery and transparent in consistency. The second stage of a runny nose is easy to determine, and treatment at it is very important so that the third stage does not occur, which is an advanced runny nose that occurs if the runny nose was not treated in the previous two stages or was treated poorly. In the third stage, the mucus in the nose becomes thick and acquires a whitish, yellowish or greenish tint. As a result, in addition to viral infection bacterial begins to develop. Treatment of a runny nose at this stage is more difficult, however, if you choose wisely medications, having received consultation from the attending physician, then runny nose will go away without obvious serious complications. Sometimes at this stage a baby may develop a runny nose mixed with blood, which must be shown to a doctor.

Bleeding from the nose with a runny nose

The baby has a runny nose with blood

A runny nose with blood in a baby can appear due to the fact that the mucous membrane of the nose of babies is very sensitive, even the most harmless medications at first glance can cause blood to appear. Therefore, treating a baby’s runny nose with sprays or drops and ointments without consulting a doctor is strictly not recommended. A runny nose with blood, as a rule, indicates that an inflammatory process (rhinitis) is occurring in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities and nasal tissues of the newborn. Severe inflammation damages the small capillaries (tiny blood vessels) in the walls of the nose, causing bleeding. If the walls of the baby's blood vessels are fragile and brittle, then even minor inflammation can provoke heavy bleeding. To strengthen the walls of blood vessels, it is recommended that babies be given ascorutin, which is a mixture of rutin and ascorbic acid. If a baby has a runny nose with blood accompanied by green discharge from the nose, fever, headaches, then this may indicate that the baby’s sinuses are become inflamed, as a result of which the child develops sinusitis, frontal sinusitis or sinusitis. Sometimes a runny nose with blood can appear in babies in the morning, but there is no need to panic if the baby feels normal and does not lose appetite or sleep. It is likely that the presence of blood in nasal discharge can be caused by excessive dry air and its high temperature. If you normalize the humidity and temperature, then mucus and blood will stop appearing from the baby’s nose. Good result in this case, also bring moisturizing solutions for the nose based on salt sea water. Sometimes the cause of nosebleeds is high blood pressure, which also needs to be taken into account in childhood.