Hypoxic damage to the central nervous system in newborns. Perinatal damage to the central nervous system in a child: diagnosis, treatment and consequences
IN Lately More and more often, newborn children are diagnosed with damage to the central nervous system».
Recently, more and more often, newborn children are diagnosed with damage to the central nervous system. This diagnosis unites a large group of lesions of the brain and spinal cord that occur during pregnancy, childbirth and in the first days of the baby’s life. What are these pathologies and how dangerous are they?
Despite the variety of causes leading to perinatal damage to the nervous system, three periods are distinguished during the disease: acute (1st month of life), recovery, which is divided into early (from the 2nd to 3rd month of life) and late (from 4 months to 1 year in full-term infants, up to 2 years in premature infants), and the outcome of the disease. In each period, perinatal injuries have different clinical manifestations, which doctors are accustomed to distinguishing in the form of various syndromes (a set of clinical manifestations of the disease, united by a common characteristic). In addition, one child often has a combination of several syndromes. The severity of each syndrome and their combination make it possible to determine the severity of damage to the nervous system, correctly prescribe treatment and make predictions for the future.
Acute syndromesAcute period syndromes include: central nervous system depression syndrome, comatose syndrome, syndrome of increased neuro-reflex excitability, convulsive syndrome, hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome.
With mild damage to the central nervous system in newborns, the syndrome of increased neuro-reflex excitability is most often observed, which is manifested by shuddering, increased (hypertonicity) or decreased (hypotonic) muscle tone, increased reflexes, tremor (shaking) of the chin and limbs, restless shallow sleep, etc.
With moderate damage to the central nervous system in the first days of life, children more often have depression of the central nervous system in the form of decreased motor activity and decreased muscle tone, weakened reflexes of newborns, including sucking and swallowing reflexes. By the end of the 1st month of life, depression of the central nervous system gradually disappears, and in some children it is replaced by increased arousal. With an average degree of damage to the central nervous system, disturbances in the functioning of internal organs and systems (vegetative-visceral syndrome) are observed in the form of uneven skin coloring (marbling of the skin) due to imperfect regulation of vascular tone, disturbances in the rhythm of breathing and heart contractions, dysfunction gastrointestinal tract in the form of unstable stools, constipation, frequent bowel movements, flatulence. Less commonly, a convulsive syndrome may occur, in which paroxysmal twitching of the limbs and head, episodes of shuddering and other manifestations of seizures are observed.
Often in children in the acute period of the disease signs of hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome appear, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid, which leads to increased intracranial pressure. The main symptoms that the doctor notes and that parents may suspect are the rapid rate of increase in the child’s head circumference (more than 1 cm per week), big sizes and bulging of a large fontanel, divergence of cranial sutures, anxiety, frequent regurgitation, unusual eye movements (a peculiar trembling of the eyeballs when looking away to the side, up, down - this is called nystagmus), etc.
A sharp depression of the activity of the central nervous system and other organs and systems is inherent in the extremely serious condition of a newborn with the development of coma syndrome (lack of consciousness and coordinating function of the brain). This condition requires emergency care in intensive care conditions.
Recovery period syndromesIN recovery period perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, the following syndromes are distinguished: syndrome of increased neuro-reflex excitability, epileptic syndrome, hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, syndrome of vegetative-visceral dysfunctions, syndrome motor disorders, psychomotor development delay syndrome. Long-term disorders of muscle tone often lead to delayed psychomotor development in children, because disturbances in muscle tone and the presence of pathological motor activity - hyperkinesis ( involuntary movements caused by contraction of the muscles of the face, trunk, limbs, less often the larynx, soft palate, tongue, external eye muscles) prevent the baby from making purposeful movements and forming. When motor development is delayed, the child later begins to hold his head up, sit, crawl, and walk. Poor facial expressions, late appearance of a smile, decreased interest in toys and objects environment, as well as a weak monotonous cry, a delay in the appearance of humming and babbling should alert parents to the delay mental development at the baby's.
Outcomes of the disease PPNSBy the age of one year, in most children, manifestations of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system gradually disappear or their minor manifestations persist. Common consequences of perinatal lesions include:
- delayed mental, motor or speech development;
- cerebroasthenic syndrome (it is manifested by mood swings, motor restlessness, anxious restless sleep, weather dependence);
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a disorder of the central nervous system, manifested by aggressiveness, impulsivity, difficulty concentrating and maintaining attention, learning and memory disorders.
The most unfavorable outcomes are epilepsy, hydrocephalus, and cerebral palsy, indicating severe perinatal damage to the central nervous system.
Why do disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system occur?In order to confirm perinatal damage to the central nervous system in children, in addition to a clinical examination, additional instrumental studies nervous system, such as neurosonography, Dopplerography, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, etc.
Recently, the most accessible and widely used method of examining children in the first year of life is (ultrasound examination of the brain), which is carried out through the large fontanelle. This study is harmless and can be repeated in both full-term and premature babies, allowing one to observe the processes occurring in the brain over time.
In addition, the study can be performed on newborns in serious condition, forced to stay in the intensive care unit in incubators (special beds with transparent walls that allow for a certain temperature regime to monitor the condition of the newborn) and on mechanical ventilation (artificial respiration through a machine). Neurosonography allows you to assess the state of the brain substance and cerebrospinal fluid tracts (brain structures filled with fluid - cerebrospinal fluid), identify developmental defects, and also suggest possible reasons damage to the nervous system (hypoxia, hemorrhage, infections).
If a child has severe neurological disorders in the absence of signs of brain damage on neurosonography, such children are prescribed more precise methods CNS studies - computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Unlike neurosonography, these methods allow us to evaluate the smallest structural changes brain and spinal cord. However, they can only be carried out in a hospital, since during the study the baby should not make active movements, which is achieved by administering special medications to the child.
In addition to studying the structures of the brain, recently it has become possible to assess blood flow in the cerebral vessels using Doppler sonography. However, the data obtained during its implementation can only be taken into account in conjunction with the results of other research methods.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method of studying bioelectrical activity brain. It allows you to assess the degree of brain maturity and suggest the presence of a convulsive syndrome in the baby. Due to the immaturity of the brain in children in the first year of life, the final assessment EEG indicators is possible only if this study is carried out repeatedly in dynamics.
Thus, the diagnosis of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in a baby is established by the doctor after a thorough analysis of data on the course of pregnancy and childbirth, the condition of the newborn at birth, the presence of disease syndromes identified in him, as well as data additional methods research. In the diagnosis, the doctor will necessarily reflect the suspected causes of damage to the central nervous system, the severity, syndromes and period of the disease.
The ending follows.
Olga Pakhomova, pediatrician, Ph.D. honey. Sciences, MMA named after. THEM. Sechenov
Article provided by the magazine about pregnancy “9 months” No. 4, 2007
hope | 09/16/2013
Hello. My daughter is 6 years old. We have been diagnosed with CNS PROP since birth. ZPRR. We have been on medications since birth, but unfortunately I have not seen any improvement. The girl has impaired concentration and memory. How can I restore this? Since a year we have been prescribed Pantogam, Cortexin, Semax, but alas, all to no avail... Please tell me what we should do? Thank you in advance...
Lena | 12/26/2012
Hello. A newborn child was diagnosed with cerebral hypoxia; the discharge report indicated the following: a moderate increase in echogenicity in the air.. lateral ventricles S=3D=2 mm 3g-2mm BCM 4mm MPS-0mm Retinal angiopathy ECG: sinus rhythm, incomplete blockade of the right leg of the right leg Neurologist: cerebral ischemia stage 2. Periventricular edema. Is it possible to transport such a child over a long distance (it is simply very necessary) the journey by train takes 4 days. Is it possible to transport a child by plane? Child on this moment 2 months
Julia | 09/25/2012
Hello! my daughter is 9 months old, we have developmental delay. We don’t hold our heads, or rather very poorly, not to mention the rest. We had a massage, but it didn’t give any results (((now we’re in the Research Institute for the second time, the first time we were in the hospital we had an MRI with the injection of some liquid, as a result of which our temperature rose and convulsions appeared, we take anticonvulsants, they lasted two days , while the temperature was elevated, now I don’t observe them, but massages are not recommended to us. Now we are in the Research Institute for the second time and they began to give us massages under supervision, the results are visible, she has become more active, she has begun to raise her head. We will be discharged soon and the neurologist tells us that massages are not recommended for us, but we can’t raise a child without them. ((((((we want to try to get to St. Olga’s hospital, can anyone tell us what to do? Maybe someone has a good massage therapist who is ready to take us to errand?
gulnara | 05/26/2012
hello, my son is 2 years old, 9 months old. We were examined for eeg.zho.reg. examination results: increased excitability of the cerebral cortex, signs of grade 1 intracranial hypertension. There was a birth injury to the cervix. Our neurologist prescribed Magne B6 glycine nervohel dormikindi massage. hyperactive, hits children, bites, pinches, etc. WHAT TO DO, HOW TO DO NEXT, PLEASE ADVICE WHICH DOCTOR TO CONSULT? THANK YOU.
Natasha | 04/15/2012
Hello, my son is 1 year old and 9 m. He is very developmentally delayed, does not crawl, does not walk, does not keep his balance, does not speak, he can only roll over from his stomach to his back, he is not interested in toys (except for some). When he was one year old, he was examined at a clinic (they did an MRI), they gave blood, urine, and they did cerebrospinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid). The doctor says the tests show everything is normal. What to do and what to do next? Help!
* - required fields.The nervous system is necessary for control mental processes V human body. A person owes the ability to be happy, sad, think, move in space, etc. to his nervous system. It is thanks to it that the body is able to quickly adapt to constantly changing conditions.
The role of the nervous system can be judged by the consequences that arise as a result of disruptions in its functioning due to. A person who has lost an arm or a leg continues to remain a full-fledged member of society. He can hold a leadership position, drive a car, write a book, defend a dissertation. All this becomes completely impossible for a person who is not deprived of limbs, but has serious illnesses nervous system.
The absence of disturbances in one of the main systems of our body determines the quality of life as a whole. According to statistics, in 80% of cases the cause of a dangerous disease is directly related to the state of the psyche.
According to experts, a person can live at least seven hundred years, provided that he is not exposed to serious diseases.
The nervous system consists of two main elements: central and peripheral, which, in turn, includes 2 components - autonomic and somatic. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.
The approach to treating disorders of the central nervous system will depend on the nature of the disease.
Nervous diseases are divided into the following groups:
Autonomic nervous diseases Experts identify several causes of problems with the autonomic nervous system. These include not only hormonal imbalances and hereditary factors, but also injuries, bad habits, unhealthy diet, sedentary work, presence of foci of inflammation.
A disorder of the autonomic nervous system can also be caused by: sharp changes fever, allergies, uncontrolled use of potent drugs.
A neurologist consulted by a patient suffering from ANS diseases may recommend undergoing an examination. One of the most effective methods of treatment is normalization of nutrition. Salty, fatty and spicy foods should be completely excluded from the patient's diet.
In addition, the patient needs to reconsider his habits and lifestyle. It was probably they who led him to the disease. From smoking and excessive use alcoholic drinks need to refuse. If the patient has a sedentary job, it is necessary to replace passive leisure with active one: go in for sports, spend more time in the fresh air.
Physiotherapeutic methods are also successfully used in treatment. On the advice of a doctor, you can take a course of acupuncture or massage, or do yoga.
TOP 3 universal means for the treatment of the nervous system, which are available to everyone:
Relax music to calm and treat the nervous system:
The CNS AND PNS will be fine if...Any nervous disorder is always easier to prevent than to treat. To avoid it, you must first of all lead a correct lifestyle. You should limit your alcohol consumption and quit smoking completely. Balanced diet– is also a guarantee of the absence of problems with the nervous system.
The stresses to which you are exposed modern man, can be considered the main cause of NS diseases. Since it is almost impossible to avoid nervous shocks, it is necessary to rid your body of stress in a timely manner.
Each person finds his own way to relax. A favorite activity, for example, embroidery, knitting, drawing, etc., helps to redirect attention. However, you should not limit your leisure time to passive hobbies. A walk in the park or the sea coast will bring no less benefits.
The saying that says everything is not without truth. Diseases of the nervous system have a special property: they significantly worsen the quality of life on the emotional plane, making the patient a pessimist.
The appearance of a child in a family is associated with a number of hassles and difficulties. First of all, young parents, of course, fear for the health of their newborn. So, at an appointment with a neurologist, with a high degree of probability, the baby may receive the first diagnosis in his life - hypoxic-ischemic. What is it, and in what cases should you sound the alarm?
Perinatal pathology of the nervous system of hypoxic origin– varied pathological conditions, developed during the period from the 22nd week of gestation to the 7th day of the newborn’s life.
Interesting! Previously, the perinatal period was counted from the 28th week of pregnancy. A child born before this period was considered non-viable. However, now, when doctors have learned to care for newborns weighing more than 500 grams, the perinatal period has moved up to 22 weeks.
Depending on the mechanism of development of the disease, perinatal pathology can be:
- hypoxic;
- traumatic;
- dismetabolic;
- infectious.
In turn, hypoxic damage to the central nervous system manifests itself both (hypoxic-ischemic forms) and non-traumatic hemorrhages (hypoxic-hemorrhagic damage to the central nervous system). Possible combinations of ischemic and hemorrhagic hypoxic manifestations perinatal pathology.
Hypoxic-ischemic damage to nervous tissue is one of the pathogenetic forms of perinatal pathology associated with insufficient oxygen supply to cells.
Etiology of hypoxic damage to the central nervous systemHypoxic damage to the central nervous system in newborns is determined by the impact on the fetus of a number of harmful factors. They can provide their Negative influence during pregnancy, directly labor activity and the first days of the baby's life.
The main reasons for the development of fetal and newborn hypoxia are:
- genetic factors (chromosomal diseases and gene mutations);
- physical factors (environmental pollution, radiation, chronic hypoxia);
- chemical factors ( medications, household and industrial substances, chronic alcohol intoxication);
- nutritional factors (quantitative or qualitative starvation, lack of protein, vitamins and microelements);
- maternal diseases (infections, endocrine pathology, somatic diseases women);
- pathology of pregnancy (preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, umbilical cord abnormalities);
- pathology during childbirth (prolonged and rapid labor, weakness of labor, placental abruption, umbilical cord prolapse).
Unfavorable factors provoke a decrease in the oxygen saturation of red blood cells and lead to hypoxia. In such conditions vascular wall begins to change compensatoryly, increasing its permeability to better supply tissues with oxygen. Due to this, the pressure in the vessels decreases, and ischemic zones are formed.
On the other hand, under hypoxic conditions, glucose begins to break down into lactic acid. Acidosis forms with irritation of the nuclei vagus nerves and respiratory center medulla oblongata. As a result, during childbirth, activation of intestinal motility is provoked, the passage of meconium and parallel aspiration of the contents birth canal and amniotic fluid. This further aggravates hypoxia, more actively forming ischemic damage to the central nervous system in newborns.
Clinical picture of ischemic damage to the central nervous system in newbornsManifestations of hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system in newborns depend on the degree of damage, the number of ischemic foci and their location. Neurological syndromes of hypoxic damage can manifest themselves:
- depletion of central nervous system functions;
- increased neuro-reflex excitability;
- hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome;
- convulsive paroxysms;
- delayed psycho-speech and motor development.
In practice, you can find individual elements or a combination of several syndromes, and a transition from one clinical manifestation to another.
Important! Many parents mistakenly mistake the first manifestations of cerebral ischemia for the baby’s character traits. If a child is inactive and constantly sleeps or, conversely, is restless and cries a lot, it is necessary to consult a pediatric neurologist.
Degrees of cerebral ischemia and their consequences
Ischemic forms of central nervous system damage in newborns are classified into three degrees depending on the severity of cerebral pathology:
- light;
- moderate severity;
- heavy.
The first degree is mild ischemia. The newborn is characterized by lethargy, turning into hyperexcitability. There are no gross focal symptoms in the neurological status. There may be a slight increase unconditioned reflexes, their spontaneous manifestations are possible.
As a rule, after a few days the symptoms stop and full recovery. Currently time is running overdiagnosis of mild ischemic lesions of the central nervous system.
This is due to the impossibility of completely eliminating mild hypoxic-ischemic damage to nervous tissue. Abundance of disease risk factors, weariness clinical picture cerebral ischemia of the first degree and the absence of its consequences allow the doctor to make such a diagnosis for almost every newborn.
II degreeSecond degree - average severity cerebral ischemia is characterized by depression of central nervous system functions for at least 12 hours. Asymmetric muscle hypotonia, weakness of motor activity, and suppression of reflexes are observed. Seizure attacks are possible. The prognosis of this form is not certain.
III degreeThe third degree is severe cerebral ischemia. After birth, the child’s state of consciousness is assessed as stupor or coma; artificial ventilation lungs. Diffuse muscle hypotonia and lack of spontaneous motor activity are noted. Postnatal seizures often occur. Observed. The consequences of grade 3 hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system are the most severe. If they survive, these children have severe neurological damage.
Diagnosis of ischemic damage to the central nervous systemThe diagnosis of cerebral ischemia is established by a neonatologist directly in maternity hospital or a pediatric neurologist at a local clinic. In this case, the conclusion should be based on complaints from parents, medical history, data on the course of pregnancy and childbirth, and the condition of the child after birth.
To assess the specificity of damage and the severity of the disease, additional clinical and instrumental examination methods are used. These include:
- general clinical studies;
- neuroimaging (CT and brain);
- EchoES, REG, EEG;
- consultation with an ophthalmologist, speech therapist, psychologist.
Remember! None of them diagnostic procedures cannot exclude cerebral ischemia, even if its signs were not found during the study.
Treatment of cerebral ischemia in newbornsTreatment of hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system will depend on the degree of cerebral ischemia and the clinical picture of the disease. The main stages of the fight against perinatal damage to the nervous system of hypoxic origin are as follows:
- ensure passability respiratory tract and adequate ventilation;
- restoration of adequate brain perfusion;
- compliance with the protective regime with the prevention of cooling, overheating, and secondary infection;
- correction of metabolic and electrolyte disorders;
- neuroprotection and neurotrophic therapy;
- anticonvulsants if necessary;
- treatment of the consequences of the disease (medicines, massage, physiotherapy, kinesiotherapy and physiotherapy, acupuncture, pedagogical correction).
Central nervous system diseases include a variety of underlying causes and symptoms. This is due to the fact that the human central nervous system is characterized by its branching. Each part of it represents a unique structure. Any changes in the functionality of the nervous system can affect the entire body as a whole.
Common CNS diseasesToday, there are about 30 main diseases associated with the central nervous system. Some of them are extremely rare, while others are quite common.
Main diseases of the central nervous system:
These diseases arise due to damage to one or another part of the nervous system. Each disease is characterized by its own unique symptoms and requires a special approach.
Types of CNS diseases
All diseases associated with the human nervous system are divided into several types:
- vascular;
- infectious;
- chronic;
- hereditary;
- traumatic.
Vascular diseases are among the most dangerous diseases. They can make a person disabled and lead to death. This category includes circulatory disorders in the brain. The most common type is ischemic stroke.
Infectious diseases. They develop as a result of pathogenic microorganisms entering the body. The human brain and nervous system come under their negative influence. Today, encephalitis has become particularly widespread.
Chronic diseases develop due to damage to the nervous system by infections. Particularly widespread are myasthenia gravis and sclerosis. The course of the disease is long-term, and the damage is systemic in nature.
Hereditary diseases are related to chromosomes. People suffering from these ailments are characterized by dementia and musculoskeletal disorders. It falls into this category.
Traumatic injuries develop as a result of injuries and bruises. A concussion falls into this category.
Today they are more common the following diseases nervous system:
- meningitis;
- ischemic stroke;
- neuralgia;
- migraine;
- myasthenia gravis;
- encephalitis.
Below you will find detailed information about each disease.
Cerebral palsy (CP)Cerebral palsy is a condition that is not capable of further progression. The disease develops due to intrauterine developmental disorders. Possibly during pregnancy expectant mother late toxicosis was observed, there was herpetic virus or toxoplasmosis.
Difficult childbirth and birth trauma can affect the development of cerebral palsy. All this causes oxygen starvation The child has. As a result this process There is a disruption in the development of parts of the brain. To date, it is impossible to accurately determine the cause of cerebral palsy.
The disease can be detected in the first minutes of a baby’s life. Symptoms depend on the severity of the lesion. Typically, the child has a delay in movement, he cannot hold his head well and he is constantly overcome by convulsions. If these symptoms appear, you should immediately go to see a doctor.
At cerebral palsy child develops slowly and has poor motor activity. It is impossible to put the baby on his feet; he cannot stand on his entire foot. Increased muscle tone can completely immobilize the child. The baby is developmentally delayed and difficult to train.
Meningitis and ischemic strokeThis disease is characterized by inflammation of the meninges. It can be infectious, microbial and traumatic. Tuberculosis of the central nervous system falls into this category. With any type of meningitis, meningeal syndrome is observed. It is characterized by a persistent increase in intracranial pressure. A person is pestered by a strong headache accompanied by a feeling of pressure on the eyes and ears. Symptoms are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and increased irritability to light and sounds. Meningitis is characterized by an acute onset. The increase in body temperature occurs instantly.
Primary meningitis can occur due to the pathogenic effects of harmful microorganisms. They can develop against the background of chickenpox, herpes and rubella. Bacterial meningitis often breaks out in localized areas large quantity of people. Mostly transmitted by airborne droplets.
Secondary meningitis. May develop against the background of sinusitis, boils located on the face, and acute otitis. It is often provoked by a lung abscess and frontal sinusitis.
This disease in any form requires immediate treatment. Tuberculosis of the meninges and central nervous system can be fatal.
Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular disease, accompanied by disability and death. Ischemic stroke is acute disorder blood circulation in the brain. Occurs in 85% of all cases. The disorder is divided into hemodynamic and lacunar strokes.
The first type is characterized by the occurrence of prolonged spasm cerebral vessels. This happens due to the lack of necessary nutrients. A stroke can develop due to high blood pressure.
Lacunar type occurs due to motor or sensory impairment. Atherosclerosis, hypertension and blood diseases can provoke a stroke.
The symptoms of a stroke should be known to every person. It is characterized by numbness of a part of the body, severe headache, nausea and vomiting. Speech is often impaired and a person’s smile is distorted. If these symptoms appear, you should immediately call an ambulance. Hospitalization of the victim should occur no later than 2 hours.
Neuralgia and migraineNeuralgia is damage to a peripheral nerve. This condition is characterized by the appearance of acute, burning and unbearable pain at the site of the lesion.
Neuralgia can occur against the background of hypothermia, persistent inflammatory diseases, injuries and tumors. Demyelinating processes lead to the disease.
A migraine is a severe pain attack that affects part of the head. The temporal region is most often affected. Strong pain syndrome accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Irritability to light and sounds is often noted. Migraine attacks most often affect young women aged 25-35 years. The mechanism of development of the disease is not known to this day.
Provoking factors can be severe physical and emotional overload. The development of the process is affected by strong odors, loud sounds and overheating in the sun. Migraines often occur due to alcohol consumption and poor diet. Women are susceptible to this effect during menstruation and during use. hormonal contraceptives. People whose activities are of an active social nature are also susceptible to the disease.
Myasthenia gravis and encephalitisMyasthenia gravis is autoimmune disease, which is characterized by disruption of the functioning of neuromuscular junctions. During this illness the immune system a person begins to produce antibodies that work against their own body.
Women are susceptible to this disease; a special peak of development is observed at the age of 20-40 years. The main symptoms are muscle weakness of the eyes, double vision and excessive fatigue after physical work.
In 40% of cases, the eye muscles are affected; over time, the symptoms are supplemented by speech and swallowing disorders. Weakness in the limbs often occurs.
The body’s own antibodies, which begin to be produced and act against itself, can lead to the development of myasthenia gravis. A woman suffering from this disease can pass it on to her baby through the placenta.
Encephalitis is an inflammatory disease of the brain. The causative agent of the disease is a filterable virus. To date, it has not been identified. Encephalitis is transmitted by airborne droplets. The acute stage is characterized by damage to the basal ganglia. The chronic course contributes to the development of a toxic-degenerative process.
The acute stage is characterized by periods of drowsiness and insomnia. The development of vestibular problems is possible. A person is plagued by attacks of dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Malaise is often observed with elevated temperature bodies.
The chronic stage is characterized by parkinsonism and sleep disorders. The person’s movements are constrained, and there is tremors in the limbs. The speech is quiet, a mental disorder is possible.
Methods for eliminating diseases and their preventionTreatment of the central nervous system depends on the type of disease and symptoms manifested. In most cases it is necessary intensive therapy. It is carried out exclusively in a hospital setting.
If you have ailments such as migraines or severe headaches, you should use both painkillers and sedatives.
Treatment must necessarily have a complex course.
Special medications aimed at improving metabolic processes in the brain.
Tumors of the central nervous system are removed by surgical intervention. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy is used to reduce the size of the tumor.
Injuries to the central nervous system are eliminated depending on their complexity. Therapy in this case is aimed at restoring normal performance. Treatment is often complemented by psychotherapy.
Correct preventive measures will help you avoid central nervous system diseases. The first step is to start treating infections in the body on time. They are able to penetrate parts of the nervous system and lead to disruption of their performance. Should be maintained healthy image life, eliminating bad habits, in particular smoking, alcohol and drug use. Human nutrition must be complete. Compliance with sleep and wakefulness is an important preventive criterion. Must be avoided stressful situations and be less nervous. Correct prevention And timely treatment diseases will be avoided serious consequences for the body.