Vitamin B6 in ampoules: price, instructions, use in cosmetology. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): important properties, benefits and harms to the body
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) - physiological role, signs of deficiency, content in food. Instructions for use of vitamin B6
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Vitamin B 6 is a group name for three mutually transforming forms of the same bioorganic compound. Different forms of one compound are called spatial conformations and are various titles, which are used to quickly and easily distinguish them in written and spoken language. However, the common name for vitamin B6 is pyridoxine.
Name of vitamin B 6
Vitamin B 6 is a substance that has three different spatial forms of molecular organization. All three of these forms have the same vitamin activity and are called vitamers B 6 . The term "vitamer" is similar to the concept of "isomer" in organic chemistry. An isomer is a variant of the spatial orientation of a molecule of the same substance (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 - Examples of hexane isomers.
Vitamin B 6 consists of three vitamers-isomers, each of which has the same vitamin activity. Vitamers are called differently - pyridoxol (pyridoxine), pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. All of these names can be used to refer to some form of vitamin B 6 . However, to avoid confusion, vitamin B 6, on the recommendation of the International Commission on the Nomenclature of Biological Chemistry, is called pyridoxine, meaning by this name all three structural forms that have the same activity - pyridoxine (pyridoxol), pyridoxal and pyridoxamine.
In addition, vitamin B 6 is sometimes called the old names - adermin or Y factor, which were given to matter several decades ago during their discovery and study of properties. Today, these names are rarely used in relation to vitamin B 6, but they can still be found in some scientific and popular science publications.
In the human body, all three vitamers of vitamin B 6 - pyridoxol, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are converted into two active forms - pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate. It is in the form of pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate that vitamin B 6 has physiological and biological effects in the human body. These names are also sometimes used in the literature to indicate that we are talking about the active form of vitamin B 6 .
The physiological role of vitamin B 6
Vitamin B 6 has the following physiological effects in the human body:1. Regulation of protein metabolism;
2. Regulation of iron metabolism, its delivery to the bone marrow and other organs and tissues;
3. Regulates the excitability of the central nervous system.
Vitamin B 6 has three listed physiological effects at the level of each cell. Then the effect is summed up and arises general action at the level of the whole organism. Let us consider in detail what is the essence of each physiological effect of vitamin B 6, and what role they play in the maintenance and regulation of vital processes.
So, at the level of protein metabolism, pyridoxine is necessary for the mutual conversion and metabolism of amino acids that occur during the reactions of transamination, transamination, deamination and decarboxylation. It is the course of these reactions that triggers and maintains vitamin B 6 at the required level. Mutual conversion of amino acids occurs in the body constantly, when necessary from one compound, which in this moment enough, get another - available in insufficient quantity. Thanks to this mechanism, one amino acid can be converted into another - the one that is needed right now for various processes of protein synthesis. The process of converting amino acids into each other allows you to maintain a dynamic balance and prevent the occurrence of deficiency due to the conversion of another substance that is available in excess. In addition, vitamin B 6 improves the absorption of amino acids from the intestines into the bloodstream and their subsequent transportation to various organs and tissues.
In addition, vitamin B 6 supports, activates and accelerates the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine and glutamic and aspartic acid to succinic acid, which significantly increase the rate of energy processes in cells. This means that under the influence of vitamin B 6, metabolism is accelerated, metabolism is faster, and, consequently, all cells are renewed in a shorter period of time, maintaining the youth and activity of the whole organism.
In the course of deamination reactions, the formation of acetyl coenzyme A, which is a key substance for the course of Krebs cycle. And the Krebs cycle is necessary for the synthesis of a universal energy molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid) from carbohydrates. Importance ATP molecules cannot be overestimated - after all, each cell uses energy in this form, and not in the form of proteins, fats and carbohydrates received from food. Thus, in order to obtain a universal energy substrate, the cell needs to process carbohydrates, proteins and fats into ATP molecules. And vitamin B 6 ensures the flow of a cascade of reactions (the Krebs cycle), during which carbohydrates are processed into ATP.
During decarboxylation reactions, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is formed from glutamic acid and serotonin from tryptophan. And gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin, in turn, are the main inhibitory mediators in the central nervous system. That is, under the influence of GABA and serotonin, inhibition and damping of excitation in the central nervous system occurs. And since the decarboxylation reaction, during which the formation of GABA and serotonin, is regulated and triggered by vitamin B 6, in this way pyridoxine regulates the excitability of the central nervous system, preventing it from becoming excessively increased. That is why, with a deficiency of vitamin B 6, signs of excessive excitation of the central nervous system appear, such as a tendency to convulsions, exaltation, etc.
Finally, vitamin B 6 increases the amount of synthesized siderophilin protein, which carries out the transfer of iron from the intestine to tissues, including Bone marrow. Thus, pyridoxine provides the bone marrow with enough iron for hematopoiesis. And therefore, with a deficiency of vitamin B 6, anemia can develop, because it is simply impossible to deliver iron to the bone marrow, where hemoglobin is formed from it, due to a lack of siderophilin protein.
Vitamin B 6 for children - features of biological function
In the body of children, vitamin B 6 performs the same functions as in adults. That is, pyridoxine accelerates metabolism, provides energy from carbohydrates, relieves excitation in the central nervous system, starts the conversion of amino acids into each other and participates in the transport of iron, creating conditions for the synthesis of hemoglobin. In children great value has the ability of vitamin B 6 to ensure the conversion of amino acids into each other, since they are necessary for protein synthesis and building muscles, bones, connective tissue, vessels, nerves, etc. Summarizing, we can say that active protein synthesis is necessary for a child for normal growth and harmonious physical development. And at any particular moment in time, there may be a deficiency of one or another amino acid, without which it is impossible to build a protein. And then, in the literal sense of the word, vitamin B 6 comes to the rescue, which starts the process of converting one amino acid in excess into another - the one that is now lacking. That is, pyridoxine in children provides normal physical development and full growth.
The function of maintaining protein synthesis is important not only for growth, but also for normal immunity. After all, antibodies or immunoglobulins are protein structures that are constantly synthesized in the body to destroy various pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. And against the background of vitamin B 6 deficiency, the synthesis of immunoglobulins can occur with insufficient intensity, which will manifest itself as a decrease in immunity in the child.
Also, vitamin B 6 is involved in the synthesis of insulin, a protein that is very important for the utilization of glucose, with an insufficient amount of which a person develops a severe, chronic metabolic disease - diabetes mellitus.
In addition, vitamin B 6 is necessary for the synthesis of a sufficient amount of hemoglobin, since it stimulates the formation of a protein that delivers iron to the bone marrow, where hemoglobin is assembled. For children, this is especially important because they grow rapidly, and their blood volume is constantly increasing. If the volume of blood increases without a proportional increase in the amount of hemoglobin, then the child will develop anemia.
Also, for children, the ability of vitamin B 6 to suppress excitation and activate inhibition in the central nervous system is very important. Given the prevalence of excitation over inhibition in the brain in children, it becomes clear that vitamin B 6 is very important for maintaining balance and preventing convulsive activity, irritability and excitability.
Pyridoxine is also very important for skin health, since the vitamin prevents dermatitis of any origin, including allergic, seborrheic, fungal, psoriatic and diathesis. Given that children often develop inflammatory and itchy rashes on the skin, the role of vitamin B 6 as a substance that prevents these phenomena is very important.
Absorption and excretion of vitamin B 6
All three vitamers B 6 are well absorbed from small intestine into the blood, with the current of which they enter the liver, where they are transformed into active forms - pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate. It is in two active forms that vitamin B 6 has all its biological and physiological effects on the human body. After use, pyridoxamine phosphate and pyridoxal phosphate are converted to pyridoxic acid, which is excreted from the body by the kidneys in the urine. Vitamin B 6 deficiency - symptoms
Vitamin B6 deficiency is rare because pyridoxine is found in sufficient amounts in many foods that people consume on a daily basis. Most often, a lack of vitamin B 6 develops against the background of various diseases. digestive tract in which its absorption into the blood is disturbed (for example, malabsorption), as well as in pathologies associated with accelerated protein breakdown, such as alcoholism, hyperthyroidism, fever of any origin or stress. In addition, pyridoxine deficiency can be formed when hereditary diseases such as homocysteinuria, cystationuria, xanthurenuria, pyridoxine-dependent convulsions and anemia.Separately, it is worth mentioning the use of medicines that prevent the absorption of pyridoxine into the blood from the intestine. These drugs include anti-tuberculosis (isoniazid, ftivazid, tubazid, cycloserine) and some other antibiotics (penicillamine, chloramphenicol), as well as Ethionamide, Levodopa, estrogens and immunosuppressants.
Symptoms of Vitamin B6 Deficiency in Adults
Vitamin B6 deficiency in adults is manifested by the following symptoms:- Deterioration of appetite up to its complete loss;
- Irritability;
- lethargy;
- Depression;
- Strong anxiety;
- Convulsions and high convulsive activity;
- Seborrheic dermatitis;
- Hair loss;
- Formation of kidney stones;
- The appearance of abnormal waves on the electroencephalogram (EEG);
- Neuritis and polyneuritis of peripheral nerves;
- Inflammation of the tongue (glossitis);
- Dryness and roughness skin on the face, especially around the eyes and lips;
- Vertical and deep cracks on the lips;
- Cracks in the corners of the mouth;
- Numbness of the limbs;
- muscle weakness;
- Reduced immunity by reducing the number of T-lymphocytes.
Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency in children
In children, vitamin B6 deficiency is manifested by the following symptoms:- Delayed growth and physical development;
- convulsive attacks;
- High convulsive readiness and convulsions;
- Increased excitability;
- Disorders of the digestive tract (flatulence, diarrhea, etc.);
- Dermatitis with a pronounced inflammatory reaction.
Vitamin B 6 in foods
Vitamin B 6 is found in many foods. However, the largest amount of it is found in the following products: - Walnuts;
- Hazelnut;
- Potato;
- White cabbage;
- Sweet cherry;
- Horseradish;
- Yeast;
- Sweet bell pepper;
The above products contain maximum amount vitamin B6. Pyridoxine is found in slightly smaller but also sufficient amounts in legumes (beans, beans, peas, nahut, lentils), fish, meat, dairy products, liver of animals and birds, as well as cereals and eggs.
Foods rich in vitamin B 6 - video
Daily intake of vitamin B 6 people of different ages
The need for vitamin B 6 in children and adults is different due to age features the functioning of the body. So, for children, the following daily intakes of vitamin B 6 are accepted, depending on age:- Children from birth to six months - 0.1 mg per day;
- Children 7 - 12 months - 0.3 mg;
- Children 1 - 3 years old - 0.5 mg;
- Children 4 - 8 years old - 0.6 mg;
- Children 9 - 13 years old - 1.0 mg.
The above are indicative average vitamin intake per day, which should be tried to be observed daily. However, if during a week a person receives less vitamin B 6 from food for several days, and on other days, on the contrary, consumes it in excess, then the dynamic balance will not be disturbed due to overlap, and in general the body will not experience a lack of pyridoxine.
The above norms are calculated for healthy people leading a moderately active lifestyle. However, with nerve tension, physical activity, staying in the cold, working with chemicals and radionuclides, the need for vitamin B 6 increases.
It is recommended to calculate the individual intake of pyridoxine based on the amount of protein in the diet, based on the ratio: 0.032 mg of vitamin B 6 for every 1 g of protein. At diet food the minimum sufficient intake of pyridoxine is 1 mg, and the maximum allowable is 6 mg.
In the treatment of various diseases, the dosage of vitamin B 6 by some clinicians is brought up to 600 mg per day. Usually this dose is tolerated without any negative consequences. However, scientists recommend not to exceed the daily dosage of pyridoxine more than 50 mg.
Forms of vitamin B 6 for medical use
Currently, vitamin B 6 for medical use is available in two dosage forms Oh:1. Tablets for oral administration;
2. Solution for injection in ampoules.
Accordingly, vitamin B 6 tablets are taken orally, and the solution is administered intramuscularly, intravenously or subcutaneously. At acne a solution of vitamin B 6 is applied externally in the form of lotions and applications to the affected areas.
In addition to two dosage forms, a vitamin B 6 preparation for medical use may contain as active substance various vitamers, such as pyridoxine hydrochloride or pyridoxal phosphate. A vitamin B 6 preparation containing pyridoxal phosphate as an active substance has a faster therapeutic effect compared to pyridoxine hydrochloride. Otherwise, the properties of preparations with pyridoxine hydrochloride and pyridoxal phosphate are the same.
Vitamin B 6 - indications for use
Vitamin B 6 is mainly used to eliminate and prevent hypovitaminosis or beriberi, as well as in the composition complex treatment various diseases of the skin, nervous system, metabolism and a number of others. In addition, vitamin B 6 is used in cosmetology to improve the condition of the skin, hair and nails.A separate article of the use of vitamin B 6 is the prevention of the development of hypovitaminosis in the treatment of tuberculosis with antibiotics. The fact is that anti-tuberculosis antibiotics consume vitamin B 6 in in large numbers, therefore, even against the background of its normal intake with food, after a while, a deficient state (hypovitaminosis or beriberi) may form. Therefore, when using anti-tuberculosis antibiotics, it is necessary to additionally take vitamin B 6. Currently, many new anti-tuberculosis drugs are produced in a combined form that includes an antibiotic and vitamin B 6 . This combined form allows only one drug to be taken and eliminates the need for additional and separate use of pyridoxine.
Today general indications to the use of vitamin B 6 are the following conditions:
- Early toxemia of pregnancy with nausea and frequent vomiting;
- Newborns on artificial feeding produced not by balanced specialized infant formulas, but by donor milk or milk from farm animals;
- Formula-fed newborns suffering from dryness, swelling and peeling of the skin;
- Newborns with low body weight (hypotrophy);
- Newborns with pyridoxine-dependent convulsive syndrome (hereditary disease);
- Anemia, combined with a high concentration of iron in the blood (hypochromic microcytic anemia);
- People with low resistance to various infectious diseases;
- People with increased excitability;
- People of all ages, including children, who suffer febrile seizures(convulsions that develop in response to high body temperature);
- heart failure;
- As part of complex therapy hepatitis and cholecystitis;
- As part of the complex therapy of parkinsonism;
- As part of the complex therapy of sciatica;
- Peripheral neuritis;
- Neuralgia;
- Prevention of seizures during the course of Ftivazid;
- Prevention of hypovitaminosis during the course of treatment with anti-tuberculosis antibiotics;
- Malnutrition;
- Long-term infectious diseases;
- To replenish the loss of vitamin B 6 with diarrhea;
- Enteritis (for the prevention of hypovitaminosis against the background of impaired absorption of pyridoxine through the inflamed intestinal wall);
- Prolonged stress;
- Malabsorption syndrome;
- Conditions after removal of the stomach or part of the intestine;
- Little's disease;
- Alcoholism;
- Dermatitis (atopic, seborrheic, acne, pimples, etc.);
- Herpetic infections (herpes simplex, chickenpox, etc.);
As you can see, the indications for the use of vitamin B 6 are quite diverse, due to the physiological effects of pyridoxine, which are exerted literally on every cell of any human organ. That is why vitamin B 6 preparations are indicated for use with such different states and diseases. Of course, with the help of only vitamin B 6 it is impossible to cure serious illnesses, but its use helps to increase the effectiveness of the therapy and, consequently, improve the prognosis and course of the pathology.
Vitamin B 6 in ampoules - characteristics and names of drugs
Currently, a solution of pyridoxine hydrochloride of various concentrations is produced in ampoules. The solution is sterile and ready for use. For ease of use, the solution is marked not by the percentage of pyridoxine hydrochloride, but by the amount of active substance in 1 ml. Today, solutions of vitamin B 6 are produced in two concentrations - 50 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride in 1 ml and 10 mg in 1 ml. A solution of vitamin B 6 in ampoules is produced and sold under the following commercial names:
- Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6);
- Pyridoxine Bufus (Vitamin B 6);
- Pyridoxine-Vial (Vitamin B 6).
Vitamin B 6 tablets - characteristics and names of drugs
Vitamin B 6 tablets are currently being produced containing pyridoxine hydrochloride as the active ingredient. There are tablets with different contents of pyridoxine hydrochloride - 2 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg. Vitamin B 6 tablets are sold under two commercial names:- Pyridoxine hydrochloride;
- Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6).
These drugs are monocomponent, that is, they contain only one active substance - vitamin B 6. In addition to these monocomponent preparations, there is a wide range complex means containing several vitamins, including B 6 . The list of complex products containing vitamin B 6 in the composition will be reflected in a separate section.
Complex preparations with vitamin B 6
Currently, there are complex preparations of vitamins intended for treatment and prevention, containing several active substances, including B 6 . These complex drugs can be divided into two large groups - preventive and therapeutic. Prophylactic drugs are vitamin and mineral complexes intended for periodic administration. healthy people 2 to 4 times a year, and containing most of the 13 vitamins and a few minerals. Examples of such complexes are Vitrum, Centrum, Supradin, Alphabet, Multi-Tabs, etc. These preparations contain vitamin B 6, however, in addition to it, more than a dozen components are included. And since the drugs are taken to prevent vitamin and mineral deficiencies, they are assigned to the appropriate group. Therapeutic preparations of vitamins contain several components - from two to five. Moreover, these components are selected for compatibility with each other and ease of use. For example, complexes of vitamins B 6 + B 12, which are very convenient to use, since they allow you to enter both compounds at once in one injection. Such complexes contain vitamins in rather large, therapeutic dosages and are used as part of the complex therapy of various diseases. That is why they are called therapeutic drugs. Below is a list of complex therapeutic drugs containing vitamin B 6:
- Angiovit (B 6, B 12 + folic acid);
- Binavit (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
- Biotredin (B 6 + amino acid threonine);
- Vitagamma (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
- Vitaxon (B 6 , B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
- Combilipen (B 6 , B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
- Compligam B (B 6 , B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
- Lysobact (B 6 + lysozyme);
- Magvit (magnesium citrate + B 6);
- Magne B6 (magnesium + B 6);
- Magnelis B6 (magnesium lactate + B 6);
- Magnesium plus B6 (magnesium lactate + B 6);
- Medivitan (B 6 , B 12 and folic acid);
- Mexi B6 (B 6 + ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate);
- Milgamma (B 6, B 1 and B 12);
- Milgamma compositum (B 6 and B 1);
- Multi-Tabs B-complex (B 1, B 2, B 3, B 5, B 6, B 12 + folic acid);
- Neurogamma (B 1 and B 6);
- Neurobion (B 6 , B 1 and B 12);
- Neuromultivit (B 6 , B 1 and B 12);
- Pentovit (B 1, B3, B 6, B 12 + folic acid);
- Pitzian (B 6 and B 12);
- Polyneurin (B 6 and B 1);
- Trigamma (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine).
Vitamin B 6 - instructions for use
Vitamin B 6 can be injected or taken by mouth. Injections can be given intramuscularly, intravenously or subcutaneously. When injecting vitamin B 6, it cannot be mixed with B 1, since they are incompatible. Vitamins B 6 and B 1 need to be injected into different days. However, vitamins B 6 and B 1 can be combined in tablets, since they are compatible with this method of administration.The choice of method of administration of vitamin B 6 depends on what the drug is used for. So, for the treatment of moderate hypovitaminosis or its prevention, as well as to improve the condition of the skin, hair and nails, vitamin B 6 is recommended to be taken in the form of tablets. To eliminate severe hypovitaminosis or beriberi, as well as in the complex treatment of various diseases, vitamin B 6 is recommended to be used in the form of injections. Also, vitamin B 6 must be injected if a person suffers from inflammatory or ulcerative diseases of the digestive tract, in which normal absorption of the drug from the intestine is impossible.
Choice of method injection(intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) is based on the possibilities medical workers and patients. The drug begins to act most quickly when administered intravenously, which must be used when acute conditions. During treatment chronic pathologies if a person cannot attend medical institution for intravenous administration vitamin B 6, he needs to switch to intramuscular or subcutaneous injections at home.
An injection of vitamin B 6 - how to administer the drug correctly
Intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, a ready-made solution is administered at a dosage of 50-100 mg per day for adults and 20 mg for children. The daily dosage of vitamin B 6 is divided into two injections, which are given in the morning and evening. The exact dosage of vitamin B 6 is determined by the type of disease: - Therapy with anti-tuberculosis antibiotics - administer vitamin B 6 at 5-10 mg per day during the entire course of treatment;
- Sideroblastic anemia - 100 mg per day, intramuscularly twice a week;
- Parkinsonism - 100 mg per day, intramuscularly twice a week. The course of treatment consists of 20-25 injections. Repeated courses are carried out after a break of 2 - 3 months.
- Depression - 200 mg per day, intramuscularly.
Intramuscular injection is recommended for side surface the upper third of the thigh, and not in the buttock, since an injection into the muscles of the leg is much safer. For the production of an injection, it is necessary to release outer surface upper third of the thigh from clothing, wipe the skin at the injection site with an antiseptic (alcohol, chlorhexidine, etc.), then gently break off the tip of the ampoule with the solution, insert the tip of the syringe needle into it and draw right amount drug. Then turn the syringe upside down with the needle up and lightly tap the surface of the tube in the direction from the piston to the needle so that air bubbles break away from the walls and collect on the surface of the solution. Then lightly press the plunger and release a few drops of the drug from the needle. After that, with a quick and gentle movement, insert the needle deep into the muscle, placing it perpendicular to the surface of the skin of the thigh. Slowly pressing the plunger, inject all of the medicine into the muscle, then gently withdraw the needle, keeping the syringe still perpendicular to the skin surface. Wipe the injection site with an antiseptic.
Subcutaneous injection is best done on the forearms of the hands. Before the injection, wipe the skin with an antiseptic and draw the medicine into the syringe. Release a drop of solution from the syringe to remove air, and close the needle with a cap. Put the finished syringe on a clean surface so that it can be reached by hand. Then, with your left hand, fold a skin area of 1-1.5 cm into a fold and hold it in this way until the end of the injection. Right hand take the syringe, remove the cap and insert the needle under the skin fold, holding it parallel to the bone of the forearm. Slowly inject the entire volume of the solution and remove the syringe, continuing to hold it with your left hand skin fold. After the needle is removed, you can let go of the skin and wipe the injection site with an antiseptic.
It is not recommended to do intravenous injections on your own, because without the proper skill it is dangerous and painful. For intravenous administration of vitamin B 6, you should use the services of a professional nurse.
Instructions for the use of vitamin B 6 inside
Pyridoxine tablets must be taken after meals, without chewing and with a small amount of water. For the prevention of hypovitaminosis, adults are recommended to take 2-5 mg per day, and children 2 mg per day. For the complex treatment of various diseases, vitamin B 6 must be taken at 20-30 mg per day. The daily dosage of vitamin B 6 can be taken once or divided into two doses - in the morning and in the evening. The duration of prophylactic and therapeutic intake of vitamin B 6 is 1 - 2 months for adults and children.Vitamin B 6 - use for various purposes
Vitamin B 6 for hair
Vitamin B 6 is very important for hair, because it strengthens, prevents and prevents hair loss. With a vitamin deficiency, hair falls out, the scalp becomes inflamed, dandruff and itching appear.Mask with vitamin B 6 for hair
A solution of vitamin B 6 at a concentration of 50 mg / ml with a volume of 1 ml is added to a prepared homemade or purchased hair mask and the mass is thoroughly mixed. This quantity the solution is added to the amount of the mask that will be used for one application to the hair. Each time before using the mask, add 1 ml of vitamin B 6 solution to it. At the same time, you can cook or buy any masks that seem useful to you. Before use, you should consult with a specialist.In the first half of the last century, there were started Scientific research associated with vitamin B6, which are continued by many scientists to the present. In 1934, researcher Paul Györgyi first discovered this vitamin. In 1939, he was the first to give the now generally accepted names to the open substance - vitamin B6, pyridoxine. In 1938, an American researcher was the first to isolate pure crystalline, water-soluble pyridoxine.
Vitamin B6 is actually a group of vitamins: pyridoxine, pyridoxinal and pyridoxamine, which are closely related and work together (calorificator). B6 is needed for the formation of antibodies and red blood cells.
Physico-chemical properties of vitamin B6
By their chemical nature, the substances of the vitamin B6 group are derivatives of pyridine. It is a white crystalline substance, highly soluble in and.
Enemies: long-term storage, water, food processing, estrogens.
Daily requirement for vitamin B6
The table shows more detailed data on the daily requirement of pyridoxine:
| Age/gender | daily requirement(mg) |
| Infants 0-6 months | 0,5 |
| Children from 6 months to 1 year | 0,9 |
| Children from 1 to 3 years old | 1,0 |
| Children 4-6 years old | 1,3 |
| Children 7-10 years old | 1,6 |
| Adolescent boys 11-14 years old | 1,8 |
| Teenage girls 11-14 years old | 1,6 |
| Youth 15-18 years old | 2,0 |
| Girls 15-18 years old | 1,7 |
| Men 19-59 years old | 2,0 |
| Women 19-59 years old | 1,8 |
| Men 60-75 years old | 2,2 |
| Women 60-75 years old | 2,0 |
| Men over 75 | 2,3 |
| Women over 75 | 2,1 |
| Pregnant women | 2,1 |
| breastfeeding women | 2,3 |
Vitamin B6 contributes to the proper absorption of protein and fat. Promotes the conversion of tryptophan - an essential amino acid - into. Helps prevent various nervous and skin disorders. Eases nausea. Promotes the correct synthesis of nucleic acids that prevent aging. Reduces nighttime muscle spasms, cramps calf muscles, numbness of the hands, certain forms of neuritis of the extremities. Acts as a natural diuretic.
People who consume protein in large quantities need this vitamin (calorizator). Vitamin B6 can reduce the need for insulin in diabetics, and if the dose is not adjusted, this can lead to a decrease in blood sugar.
Pyridoxine is useful in the following diseases:
- Leukopenia;
- anemia;
- Toxicosis during pregnancy;
- Meniere's disease;
- Air and sea sickness;
- Hepatitis;
- Diseases of the nervous system;
- Various skin diseases.
The harmful properties of vitamin B6
Pyridoxine is well tolerated in all forms. It has very low toxicity. People with individual intolerance to pyridoxine may develop allergic reactions in the form of hives. Harm can only be caused by long-term use in very large doses. In this case, symptoms occur: numbness of the limbs, tingling, a feeling of squeezing, loss of sensuality.
Vitamin B6 absorption
Vitamin B6 is well absorbed by the body, and its excess is excreted in the urine. It is excreted 8 hours after ingestion and how everything should be replenished, but if there is not enough in the body, the absorption of the vitamin noticeably worsens.
Vitamin B6 deficiency symptoms:
- Drowsiness, irritability, lethargy;
- loss of appetite, nausea;
- Dry skin above the eyebrows, around the eyes, on the neck;
- Cracks and sores in the corners of the mouth;
- Focal hair loss;
- Insomnia;
- Depression;
- Flatulence;
- The appearance of kidney stones;
- Conjunctivitis;
- Stomatitis.
Infants are characterized the following symptoms pyridoxine deficiency:
- Increased excitability;
- Seizures resembling epilepsy;
- growth retardation;
- Gastrointestinal disorders.
Diseases caused by B6 deficiency: anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, gloss.
Too much vitamin B6 in the body
Pyridoxine is generally well tolerated in all forms and is rapidly eliminated naturally in the urine. But long-term use can be harmful. large doses vitamin B6. Daily doses starting from 2-10 grams can cause neurological disorders. Possible symptoms excessive intake of vitamin B6 - restlessness in a dream and too vivid memories of dreams (calorizer). More than 500 mg per day is not recommended.
Interaction of vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) with other substances
Pyridoxine is essential for proper absorption. Necessary for formation and connections.
People with arthritis treated with penicillamine should take supplements of this vitamin.
Supplements of this vitamin should not be taken by those taking levodopa for Parkinson's disease.
Vitamin B6, together with vitamins, has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, prevents the occurrence of ischemia, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
For more information about vitamin B6, see the video clip " Organic chemistry. Vitamin B6"
| Vitamin b6
Analogues (generics, synonyms)
Recipe
Rp. Pyridoxine 0.01
D.t. d. No. 10 in tabl.
S. 2 tablets 2-3 times a day.
Rp.: Sol. Pyridoxini 5% 1ml
D.t. d. in ampul. No. 10
S. 1 ml intramuscularly 2 times a day
Rp. Pyridoxine 0.025
Riboflavini 0.01
Sacchari 0.25
M.f. pulv.
D.t. d. No. 24
S. 1 powder 2-3 times a day
pharmachologic effect
Pyridoxine-Vial - vitamin B6.
It is phosphorylated and, in the form of pyridoxal phosphate, is part of the enzymes that catalyze decarboxylation and transamination. plays important role in the metabolism of tryptophan, glutamic acid, cysteine, methionine, as well as in the transport of amino acids through the cell membrane.
Necessary for the activation of phosphorylase, for the formation of neurotransmitters, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, serotonin. Participates in the metabolism of vitamin B12, folic acid, in the synthesis of porphyrins, in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids.
It is used to activate metabolic processes in myofibrils, especially during myocardial hypoxia.
The daily requirement for adults is 2-2.5 mg, for children from 6 months to 1 year - 0.5 mg,
1–1.5 years - 0.9 mg,
1.5–2 years - 1 mg,
3-4 years - 1.3 mg,
5-6 years - 1.4 mg,
7-10 years - 1.7 mg,
11-13 years - 2 mg,
for boys aged 14–17 years - 2.2 mg,
for girls 14–17 years old - 1.9 mg.
Mode of application
Vitamin B6 tablets are prescribed orally (after meals)
For the prevention of B6 - hypovitaminosis in adults - 5 mg / day.
Therapeutic doses for oral administration are for adults 20-30 mg 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment is 1-2 months.
When using isoniazid, ftivazid or other derivatives of isonicotinic acid hydrazide, it is advisable to prescribe Vitmain B6 at 5-10 mg per day prophylactically (to prevent dysfunction of the central nervous system).
For the treatment of sideroblastic anemia, 100 mg daily is prescribed orally.
It is advisable to take at the same time folic acid, cyanocobalamin, riboflavin.
Solution for injection of Vitamin B6 is administered parenterally (subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously) if it is impossible to ingest (with vomiting or malabsorption in the intestine).
Prevention. Adults - 2 - 5 mg / day, children from 0 months - 2 mg / day.
Treatment. Adults - 50-100 mg / day in 1-2 doses, children from 0 months - 20 mg. The course of treatment for adults is 1 month, for children - 2 weeks.
With concomitant therapy with anti-tuberculosis drugs - 5-10 mg / day.
For the treatment of pyridoxine-dependent convulsive syndrome in adults - intravenously or intramuscularly - 30-600 mg; children from 0 months - 10-100 mg daily.
Indications
B6-hypovitaminosis,
toxicosis of pregnant women,
sideroblastic anemia,
leukopenia,
diseases of the central nervous system (parkinsonism, chorea minor, Little's disease, radiculitis, neuritis, neuralgia, Meniere's disease),
sea and air sickness,
atherosclerosis,
diabetes,
seborrhea-like and non-seborrheic dermatitis, herpes zoster,
neurodermatitis,
psoriasis,
exudative diathesis,
use of drugs of the isoniazid group.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity.
Carefully: peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum.
Side effects
When using Vitamin B6, in some cases, allergic reactions, hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid are possible.
Symptoms of an overdose of Vitamin B6:
metabolic disease,
manifested by the accumulation of lactic acid in the myocardium,
muscles
liver and kidneys with a simultaneous decrease in their glycogen content.
Perhaps the appearance of foci of baldness, inhibition of activity against the blood coagulation system.
The drug is cancelled.
Treatment is symptomatic.
There is no specific antidote.
Release form
The package contains 10 ampoules of 1 ml.
ATTENTION!
The information on the page you are viewing was created for informational purposes only and does not promote self-treatment in any way. The resource is designed to familiarize healthcare professionals with additional information about certain medicines, thereby increasing the level of their professionalism. The use of the drug "" in without fail provides a consultation with a specialist, as well as his recommendations on the method of application and dosage of the medicine you have chosen.
If the intestines work correctly, then vitamin B6 is synthesized by the microflora in sufficient quantities. However, due to the impact of negative factors, for example, antibiotic therapy smoking, abuse alcoholic drinks beneficial microorganisms are destroyed. Then it is required to fill the resulting deficit with external sources.
Vitamin B6 preparations in tablets
The names of the main manufacturers of vitamin complexes that contain pyridoxine:
- Supradin;
- Vitrum;
- Elevit Pronatal;
- Berocco;
- Doppelhertz.
Prices range from 500 rubles to two thousand. Consumer reviews vary, it is better to choose on the recommendation of a doctor. This group preparations with vitamins B6 are not medicines and biologically active additives. They can be bought at the pharmacy without a prescription. Doctors urge not to prescribe dietary supplements on your own, so that there is no overdose: a surplus of vitamins is no less dangerous than their lack.
Instructions for use
Injection vitamin B6 is administered in 100 ml or 200 ml, depending on the disease. With pyridoxine-dependent convulsive syndrome adults are prescribed 30-600 ml once a day, and children - 10-100 ml.
In tablet form, a capsule per day is enough for a month. The daily requirement of an adult for pyridoxine is 2.5 mg, a child - from 0.3 to 1.6 mg, a pregnant woman - up to 4.6 mg. In an effort to lose weight or fearing a deficiency, some exceed the allowable values, and then an excess of vitamin B6 occurs in the body.
Overdose syndromes:
- anemia;
- dizziness;
- coordination disorders;
- fainting.
Natural sources of vitamin B6 instead of pills
Doctors came to an unequivocal conclusion: if a person has a varied, nutritious diet, without diets and all kinds of restrictions, then most of the necessary useful substances and elements of the body is obtained from food. Deficiency is not formed, and, therefore, the use of pharmacological preparations is not required.
Products with high content vitamin B6:
- yeast;
- liver of animals and cod;
- pork;
- germinated wheat;
- bran;
- unrefined grain;
- potato;
- bananas;
- carrot;
- syrup;
- beans;
- cabbage;
- raw chicken yolk;
- sea fish.
pharmachologic effect
All vitamins are designated by letters and have their own chemical name. Compounds are divided into water-soluble and fat-soluble. B6 vitamins are crystals that dissolve well in water. They come in three varieties: priridoxine hydrochloride, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal. In medicine, they are often referred to by the name pyridoxine.
Vitamin B6 in human body helps to assimilate a variety of substances and elements: unsaturated fatty acids, calcium, so that the muscles function normally.
In addition, pyridoxine:
- plays an important role in metabolism, as it transports compounds through cell membranes;
- strengthens the immune system (increases the level of T-lymphocytes);
- lowers xanthurenic acid and blood glucose levels (prevention of diabetes mellitus);
- important for women: normalizes estrogen levels;
- increases the production of serotonin and norepinephrine. A sufficient level of these substances provides a person with a normal emotional state;
in combination with magnesium, it prevents the formation of oxalates, which form stones and sand in the kidneys.
Mode of application
The solution for injection is injected into a vein, into the muscles or under the skin (this method is rarely used). The purpose of treatment and the specifics of the disease determine the use of pyridoxine. Most often, to undergo one course of treatment, it is enough to pierce 25 injections. During the year, repetition of therapy is permissible.
Tablets are more suitable for preventive purposes to strengthen the body, improve the condition of hair, skin and nails. In this form, a combination with B1 is permissible, but it is not recommended to inject these substances at the same time.
In dermatology, ointments or creams with vitamin B6 are used at a concentration of 10 mg or 50 mg per 100 g of the product.
If you violate the instructions for taking, an overdose may occur, therefore, exceed established by the doctor doses and change the scheme of injections is not worth it.
Release form
Available as a solution for injection in ampoules or in the form of tablets. For external use, it is recommended to use ointments.
Indications
- women taking hormonal contraceptive pills;
- those who drink steroids;
- people who are overweight and want to lose weight;
- with problematic oily skin prone to acne. In this case, it is enough to use external means, for example, ointment. Gradually, the rashes stop;
- with osteochondrosis, so that the muscles are strong;
- in the treatment of neurological diseases;
- reduces harmful effect on the liver of toxic drugs;
- used in the treatment skin ailments: psoriasis, herpes zoster, exudative diathesis, dermatitis;
- with sideroblastic anemia;
- at various forms hepatitis A;
- hair loss.
Pregnancy is also an indication for taking vitamins of the B6 group, since in this period is coming active production of the hormone estrogen. By the end of the child's gestation period, the need for pyridoxine increases tenfold.
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Contraindications
- intolerance;
- ulcers of the stomach and duodenum;
- ischemic disease;
- liver failure;
- severe liver damage;
- it has been proven that pyridoxine is not compatible with B1.
Side effects
- Allergy. When it manifests itself, the drug should be stopped immediately.
- Feelings of pressure in the limbs, numbness. Differently similar condition called "stocking syndrome".
- Convulsions are possible, but they are rare and only occur at times of rapid administration of the drug.
- A lactating woman may experience a drop in lactation levels. In certain cases, a similar effect is used for medicinal purposes.
Since vitamins B6 are involved in the production of the hormone of happiness - serotonin, they are sometimes called "antidepressant vitamins." The medical term for vitamin B6 is pyridoxine. Mood, proper metabolism, psycho-emotional health depend on its satisfactory content in the body. Pyridoxine does not have to be obtained from food, since it does not accumulate by the body, it is water-soluble, that is, it is quickly excreted (in 8 hours) from the human body, and constantly requires replenishment. For this, it is advisable to use vitamin complexes containing pyridoxine, especially with diets, mental and sports stress, infectious diseases, pregnancy and lactation. The norm of vitamin B6 per day is from 2 to 5 mg in the above cases.
Release form
According to the form of release, there are 2 main groups of drugs containing the substance pyridoxine:
- c: vitamin B6 in the form of "pyridoxinum", that is, pyridine hydrochloride, is available in the form of a solution (water) for injection. It is a colorless, transparent liquid substance containing 50 mg active substance(pyridoxine hydrochloride). Injectable drugs are presented in ampoules of 1 ml of solution each (concentration 1% and 5%). Usually the package consists of 10 ampoules;
- : pyridoxine tablets 0.002-0.005 each, as well as 0.01 grams of the substance. Preparations in which pyridoxine is present (that is, vitamin B6) - multivitamin complexes Hexavit, Complivit, Pentovit, Aevit, Amitetravit, Heptavit.
The use of vitamin B6
- leukopenia;
- toxicosis during pregnancy;
- damage to the nervous system (neuralgia, neurosis, polyneuritis, Little's disease, Parkinson's disease);
- hypovitaminosis associated with a lack of vitamin B6;
- hepatitis (both its acute form and chronic);
- diabetes mellitus of various types;
- atherosclerosis;
- hypertension;
- torsion dystonia;
- hangover syndrome.
The action of pyridoxine as a diuretic helps many people deal effectively with problems of cardio-vascular system, controlling the pressure within the normal range. Helps to cope with depression and apathy, as it is involved in the production of serotonin (hormone of joy) and norepinephrine. The use of tablets and preparations with vitamin B6 is also allowed for such indications:
- lichen;
- psoriasis;
- neurodermatitis;
- seborrhea;
- diathesis.
Vitamin B6 has indications for use in patients with autism, epilepsy, generalized anxiety.
Instructions for use
Regarding the intake of vitamin B6 tablets, the instruction is as follows: the doctor prescribes the intake of pyridoxine after eating inside. When it comes to prophylactic use, they are consumed at a dosage of 0.002 or 0.005 grams per day. Children are given a smaller dose. Regarding the intake for the purpose of treatment, I prescribe for adults to take B6 from 0.02 to 0.03 grams a couple of times a day, for children a limit is set according to age. This treatment course lasts up to 2 months.
Regarding the solution in vitamin B6 ampoules, the instruction is as follows: intravenously or intramuscularly, which means the instruction under the word parenterally, an adult is administered from 0.05 to 0.1 grams per day in 1 or 2 sets for a month. Children are allowed to enter up to 0.02 g and such a course of treatment with injections for them occurs for 2 weeks. But there are also some cases:
- in Parkinson's disease: 2 ml (in 2 ampoules) with a pyridoxine content of 5% - administered intramuscularly once a day, the course is extended to 25 injections, repeated no earlier than 3 months later;
- for the prevention of neuritis: 0.005-0.01 grams for the whole day by injection;
- with sideroblastic anemia: 2 times for 7 days, 0.1 g intramuscularly;
- with depression: 0.2 g per day by intramuscular injection.
It is contraindicated to resort to treatment with vitamin B6 through tablets and injections to patients ischemic disease, with problems intestinal tract affected by the liver, stomach ulcer.
Application features: preparations with vitamin B6 are stable when heated, and also retain their effect in the presence of alkali and acid, soluble in water and alcohol, destructible only under the influence of sun rays. With the permission of the doctor, it is better to use pyridoxine together with riboflavin, which enhances the effect of the first 4 times more. Together with vitamins B9 and B12, the vitamin in question converts the amino acid methionine into an indispensable substance for connective tissue. It is important to know that each birth control pill reduces the concentration of vitamin B6 in the body by 20% immediately after 3 hours after taking the contraceptive.
Vitamin B6 deficiency
The main disadvantages associated with a lack of vitamin B6 are the destructive process regarding amino acids and the occurrence various diseases organism. Without the proper level of concentration in the tissues of the body of vitamin B6, the metabolic process is disturbed, carbohydrates are transferred into the blood from the muscles and liver, and the cells are left to work on glucose to produce energy. Hypoglycemia is a disease associated with a deficiency of glucose in the blood cells. It is dangerous with insomnia, aggression, convulsions, loss of appetite, fatigue, and nervousness. Atherosclerosis - the cause of this disease is also a lack of B6 in the body, which leads to wrong exchange substances. A person is characterized by pain, because antibodies protective for immunity are not produced by his body, the protective protein does not fulfill its role. There is a cessation of the production of red blood cells, which lowers hemoglobin, which means that the cells are not saturated with oxygen, which leads to next disease- anemia.
Also, vitamin B6 deficiency is fraught with:
- imbalance of sodium and potassium elements in the body;
- exhaustion of the nervous system;
- cracked lips;
- a decrease in the level of t-lymphocytes in the body;
- inhibition of the synthesis of thyroid hormones;
- muscle weakness;
- flatulence;
- disharmony of the work of the hematopoietic organs;
- numbness of the limbs;
- the development of depression and fatigue;
- the occurrence of dermatitis.
All these processes develop under conditions of severe deficiency of vitamin B6, which, in principle, is rare, because this vitamin is found in products available to everyone. Although there are some cases when there is a deficiency of B6: alcoholism, with toxicosis in pregnant women, a hereditary problem with metabolic processes, with antibiotic therapy, in infants with poor feeding.
Too much vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 does not linger and does not accumulate in the tissues of the body, therefore it is well excreted after 8 hours from the moment of eating. An overdose of pyridoxine is rare. Even when used every day for several years, vitamin B6 at a dose of about 100 mg / day does not reveal obvious malfunctions in the human body. But there are cases of personal intolerance to the drug pyridoxine, and therefore you can observe similar signs of hypervitaminosis:
- allergic rash resembling hives;
- high acidity in the stomach and its juice;
- loss of sensation or the effect of "tingling" in the limbs, if you exceed the dose of vitamin B6 to 200-500 mg / day.
Foods containing the vitamin
Using the already known percentage of vitamin B6 in the most common foods, everyone can determine for themselves a healthy diet for vitamin B6 and adjust the diet so that it does not lead to vitamin deficiency.
How to make an injection
The use of vitamin B6 injections is a last resort. It is more logical to eat right, getting enough of this vitamin. The indications for when it is necessary to use injections are determined by doctors, only then it is permissible to make injections with vitamin B6 on your own. Step by step it looks like this:
- you need to take a sterile disposable syringe;
- disinfect the needle insertion area with alcohol, an alcohol wipe, sterile cotton wool with cologne (this can be the outer upper quarter of the buttock or the outer upper third of the thigh);
- open the drug in ampoules with a solution of vitamin B6;
- pull the plunger of the syringe, let it enter a small amount air;
- take the drug in ampoules, turn the syringe to its original position with the needle up, lightly tap on the syringe, squeeze out air with a piston until a drop of solution appears at the end of the needle;
- stretch the skin at the injection site with your fingers, make an injection, wipe the puncture area with an alcohol swab.
The most important thing during injections is to avoid mixing preparations of the B vitamin group in order to avoid allergies. Also, you can not do different injections with the same needle. Always prepare a new injection kit.
Useful intestinal microflora contributes to the independent synthesis of vitamin B6, necessary for a person to maintain all functions. But most of this vitamin a person gets in food. Therefore, choosing a healthy nutritious diet, a person should not worry about the deficiency of vitamin B6 in his body.