How to treat skin rashes and itching? Skin diseases accompanied by itching and pimples. Itchy rash

A rash accompanied by itching occurred at least once in everyone. Itchy skin significantly impairs the quality of life, leading to anxiety, sleep disturbances and impaired ability to work. Itchy skin makes you want to scratch it, and this leads to scratching and suppuration, through which infection can enter the bloodstream.

Itching itself is not a disease, it is just one of the symptoms of a skin disease or malfunction internal organs.

How does the rash appear?

The most common types of rashes on the human body are:

In the form of spots. In this case, the rashes do not rise above the skin, but are at the same level with it.
Blisters. The rashes rise above the skin level, their surface is rough and uniform.
Bubbles. This is a cavity filled with liquid.
Nodules.
Crusts.

Causes of itchy rashes

The causes of a rash accompanied by itching can be:

Allergy to medications, food, or in contact with a substance that causes such a strong reaction.
Insect bites (mosquitoes, bees, wasps, ants).
Skin diseases (scabies, pediculosis, various dermatitis, prickly heat, lichen planus, eczema and others).
Nerve disorder.
Infectious diseases.

Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Allergy

Symptoms:

Itchy skin with rash may be caused by intolerance certain group products or medications, contact with substances that irritate the skin (creams, perfumes, washing powder and other).

Manifests:

Small rash or spots, swelling on the skin, severe itching.

Help measures:

Try not to scratch itchy areas,

Take an antiallergic drug prescribed by your doctor.

You can apply a compress with baking soda diluted in water.

For large areas of rashes, take a bath with a solution of baking soda.

Insect bites

Lubricate the bite with a special ointment (for example, Fenistil - gel).

Skin diseases

A consultation with a dermatologist is necessary. Especially if:

The rash does not go away within a few days.

The rash covers more than half of the body.

Causes severe inconvenience.

In addition to the rash, other symptoms include fatigue, fever, and changes in urine or stool.

Nerve disorder

One of the forms of allergies. It is also sometimes called urticaria due to its similarity to the rash from a nettle burn. There are acute (up to 30 days) and chronic (more than 30 days).

Most often it appears as a small red rash, less often as blisters.

If you are very nervous and have a small rash, it is advisable to take a sedative.

In any case, you should consult a doctor, especially if the rash and itching do not go away within a few days.

Infectious diseases

Itching with a rash is often a sign of an infectious disease.

Most often, the rash appears throughout the body, including the head and legs. It is acne on the extremities of an adult that becomes one of the main signs of most diseases. Therefore, if a rash appears there, you should immediately consult a doctor.

And he appearance rash will diagnose and prescribe treatment.

When should you urgently call a doctor?

If after taking the medicine a rash appears and you feel very unwell and itchy.
If after the appearance of itchy pimples the temperature rises.
If the usual red rash has turned into blisters or blisters that itch unbearably.
If another member of your family has the same acne.
If the rash has irregular shape in the form of hemorrhages, spreads to the legs and buttocks, accompanied by high fever. These are signs of a terrible disease - meningitis.
If the rash appears completely without visible reasons, you feel severe itching, which prevents you from leading a normal lifestyle.

Rashes are often a sign of development inflammatory processes, the formation of pathologies indicate that viruses or infections have entered the human body. Localization can occur on any part of the body, limbs, face and even on the head under the hairline.

When a rash appears on the body of an adult, it itches, which causes a lot of inconvenience and causes hostility from others. The nature of the rash can be infectious or non-infectious.

State skin speaks about the quality of work of internal organs and systems. There are many reasons for the appearance of signs of disease on the skin.

The rash appears when:

change in functioning immune system;
allergic reactions caused by long-term use of medications;
pathological diseases of the digestive and endocrine systems;
liver dysfunction and disease connective tissue;
benign and malignant neoplasms.

In addition, the occurrence of acne is catalyzed by stress and nervous disorders.

Diagnosis is based on anamnesis and objective research state of the body including:

determining the location and order of appearance of rashes;
studying the duration of the development process and the nature of the rash;
familiarization with predisposition to allergic reactions;
identification medicines, which were taken during the previous time.

It is necessary to check whether a person has pathological diseases and the possibility of contact with infectious patients. Treatment is prescribed after examining the patient and determining the source of the rash.

Diseases

Most common cause appearance skin rashes diseases become.

The etiology of their development may be different, but they have characteristic associated symptoms:

a sharp increase in body temperature;
chills, malaise, dizziness;
loss of appetite, nausea;
disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea;
runny nose, cough, headache.

Also possible painful sensations when swallowing, pain in the eyes, tinnitus. Infectious diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets. The rash appears in initial stage disease and spreads virtually throughout the body.

Non-infectious skin lesions occur with allergies and diseases of connective tissue or blood vessels, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenic purpura, lichen and others.

Sun rash

A certain type of allergic reaction that occurs in people who are sensitive to ultraviolet light.

In 60% of cases it appears on the face, and in the rest on open areas of the body.
It manifests itself as redness with itching; with prolonged exposure to the irritant, blisters may appear or peeling may begin.
After the rash disappears in the places where it is localized, the skin remains pigmented.

The disease can be genetic or result from long-term use certain medications.

Rashes after childbirth

They develop as a result of decreased immunity and weakening of the body caused by pregnancy and childbirth.

The reason may be:

chronic diseases;
disorders of the gallbladder and liver;
psychological stress;
lack of calcium and weakened immunity of women.

An increase in cortisol synthesis with a simultaneous increase in progesterone upsets the balance, leading to hormonal changes. The use of creams, ointments, medications and poor diet can cause an itchy rash similar to hives.

What does the appearance of the rash indicate?

Any type of rash is a primary element, as it appears on clean skin. Depending on the intensity and location, it indicates disturbances in the functioning of the entire organism or its individual systems.

It is impossible to make a diagnosis based solely on the fact that the rash on an adult’s body itches, as additional research is required.

Skin neoplasms occur in several types:

bubbles with liquid,
scaly formations;
with hyperemia of the affected area;
rising on the skin;
chaotically located, similar in color to the dermis.

In fact, with all rashes there is itching, burning, dryness and flaking of the skin.

Minor rash

May appear during the latent phase of the disease.

On the skin this type rashes are represented by papules, blisters or spots:

have a shade from pale pink to bright red;
slightly convex to the touch;
the skin where they are located is rough.

The place of localization, as well as the dynamics of spread, is determined by the type of disease and its duration.

Large rash

The rashes are shaped like mosquito bites. May appear as pimples, dots or spots. Large spots separate areas bodies become covered with vitiligo, typhus, syphilitic roseola, toxicoderma. The spot partially disappears on palpation and then appears again.

Red rash

Mostly appears in people with hypersensitivity to food and medicines. It is a clearly defined area of bright red skin. At erysipelas and infectious diseases, the localization of the rash is slightly elevated.

Watery rash

Blisters, consisting of mostly round vesicles filled with cloudy, clear or bloody fluid, are skin lesion infectious or allergic nature.

Rashes with a diameter not exceeding ½ cm, located in the epidermis or under it, appear with herpes, eczema, allergic dermatitis, chickenpox, herpes zoster.
Manifestations bigger size are located on inflamed and unchanged skin and appear due to the detachment of the epidermis from the dermis. The cause is insect bites, plant burns, urticaria, toxic-allergic dermatitis, as well as hereditary genetic diseases.

If this type of rash does not go away within 24 hours and tends to increase in localization, then the help of a specialist is needed.

Diseases that cause rash

In most cases, the appearance of a rash on the body of an adult, especially if it itches, is evidence of the onset of diseases.

In some types of infection, skin lesions persist until complete recovery, while in others they may disappear after the disease moves to a new phase of development.
All rashes have specific signs, which can be used to suggest the type of pathology.

Children's diseases in adults often give a picture different from the classical form.

Hives

Appears on different areas bodies in the form of small rashes, which can gradually merge into a single whole.

The reason may be:

high sensitivity to a certain type of pathogen, such as food, chemicals, animal hair, insect bites and others;
disruption of the mechanism for the production of antigens and antibodies as a result of long-term use of medications, or a malfunction of the immune system;
release of enzymes and proteins from leukocytes.

The shape, total area and rate of formation depend on the source of the irritation that became the catalyst.

Scabies

This rash on the body of an adult is very itchy, especially in the evening and at night. The cause is the scabies mite, which makes its moves in the upper layer of the epidermis.

The passages look like convex whitish lines located in places characteristic of the development of itching.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

The disease is toxic-allergic in nature.

It is considered a malignant type of exudative erythema.

The process involves the mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth, as well as the organs of the genitourinary system.
The cause is an allergic reaction to taking antibacterial drugs.
Due to the suppression of the body's defense reactions, damage occurs to the skin and small blood vessels adjacent to it.
One of the symptoms of development is a numerous rash of purplish-red spots with blisters rising above them, which contain blood or watery fluid.

Exactly the mechanism disease-causing not installed. Some experts believe that the hereditary factor plays a big role here. According to statistics, 1/10 patients die.

Fungal infections

It appears as a small rash, more like a speck or an insect bite.

For the fungus to grow, it requires certain conditions, so the main places of damage are wet areas of the body: toes, armpits and groin, abdominal area under the fat fold, mammary glands, scalp and face.
The disease is transmitted by contact.
You can become infected in the shower, swimming pool and other common areas.
The rashes are constantly weeping and itchy. White or red swelling and diaper rash form around them.
There is a tendency for several sites of manifestation to merge into one.

The color, type and nature of the rash varies depending on the type of pathogen.

Intestinal infections

The appearance of rashes when intestinal infections secondary, since the main symptoms are diarrhea, vomiting, fever, weakness, chills and swollen lymph nodes. The skin rash is typical for typhoid and typhus, paratyphoid A and B, intestinal yersiniosis, helminthic infestations, cholera, dysentery and a number of other diseases.

Contact dermatitis

Damage occurs through direct contact of an area of the skin with an irritant.

A very itchy rash appears in localized areas.
The rash areas are susceptible to infection and require special care.
To get rid of the disease, it is necessary to accurately identify the cause and eliminate it.

Pyoderma

Infection with staphylococcus and streptococcus causes the formation of a rash with pus on the skin. They get deep into the skin through wounds and begin to develop due to disruptions in metabolic processes, disturbances in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, circulatory and central nervous systems. The catalyst for the disease can be therapeutic methods treatment with long-term use of drugs of certain groups.

Mainly sweat and greasy hair is affected, hair follicles are affected:

the inflammatory process affects the superficial and deep levels;
a rash appears on the skin at the site of the disease, consisting of small bubbles filled with a cloudy liquid;
After healing, the crust disappears without leaving scars.

Without a special course of antibiotics and treatment of skin lesions, it is impossible to stop the disease.

Furunculosis

Inflammatory process around hair follicle caused by hit staphylococcal infection may cause his purulent-necrotic disease.

Hypovitaminosis, diabetes and chronic intoxication can provoke the formation of multiple rashes.
At the initial stage, only the follicle is affected, and subsequently it spreads to the adjacent sebaceous gland.
After opening, thick pus is released and in the resulting ulcer you can see the rod, which is subsequently rejected with purulent masses and blood.

The disease can be localized in one area and be widespread. Treatment is carried out under the supervision of specialists. The main cause of rashes is poor hygiene.

Folliculitis

The initial stage is characterized by the appearance of small red rashes around the hairs, which then turn into pustules:

after opening, a crust forms on the skin;
complications cause the formation of boils and abscesses.

Development occurs when there is a violation metabolic processes, as well as non-compliance with personal hygiene rules.

Eczema

A disease in which inflammation of the skin occurs, most often accompanied by severe itching. The first symptom is the appearance of pink blisters and rashes in the upper subcutaneous layer. In the affected areas the cover is thickened, dry, reddened and flaky.

When scratched, the skin rash becomes wet and bleeds. The catalyst can be constant exposure to a certain stimulus. The appearance of the disease in 60% of cases is explained by heredity and genetic predisposition. Seborrheic eczema in adults is rare. It can be triggered by stress and hormonal imbalances.

It is characterized by:

the presence of scabs on the eyelids and in the external auditory canal;
on the face it appears in the locations of the sebaceous glands;
It doesn't itch and is easy to treat.

Because of large quantity types of disease, treatment of the disease is carried out on an individual basis.

Psoriasis

The rash on the body of an adult is localized mainly on the elbows, knees and head, and does not itch too much. When neglected, it can spread to the ears, chest and other parts of the body.

In 90% of cases, the disease is hereditary. May occur due to infection.
At the initial stage, small, pink-red dry plaques appear round or oval shape.
A silvery, constantly crumbling coating is typical for this type of rash.

It is known that the cause is the accelerated growth of skin cells, but this issue has not been thoroughly studied. Visually, the manifestations are similar to eczema, as a result of which psoriasis is often mistaken for it.

Lichen

This disease may be a consequence infectious infection and occur as a concomitant with lymphomas, leukemia and other disorders of the hematopoietic system. Caused by a member of the herpesvirus group. The most common types are: multi-colored, pink and ringworm species.

Basically, skin rashes are located segmentally and have one-sided localization:

the location is not limited to a certain area of the body;
presented as a rash in the form of bubbles with a slight depression at the top;
neoplasms appear gradually, one group after another;
in the affected areas, the skin has redness with a brownish tint.

For ringworm typically hair loss in the places where it forms and the formation of suppuration. After the end of the development process, scars remain at the site of the rash, as well as areas of depigmented skin.

Allergy

It mainly appears as a response to food or drug intolerance, and can also occur after the administration of serum in the treatment of the underlying disease.

Localizations on the chest and limbs indicate an allergic nature:

appear unexpectedly and quickly;
can change shape and location;
They always itch a lot.

If the cause is contact with an irritant, then the rash on the body of an adult in places that came into contact with the allergen is very itchy. Characteristic appearance These rashes do not have, can be either macular or maculopapular, and tend to merge. With further exposure to the allergen, the amount of rash increases.

In areas where rashes persist long time, papules and blisters appear, and peeling of the surface layers of the skin may also begin.

Syphilitic rash

Appears in the second period of development. It does not cause any discomfort and is detected only by visual inspection. Minor rash occurs on the stomach. May be expressed as papules, nodules or spots. During this period, the patient is already a carrier and serves as a source of infection. The duration of the rashes is from 1 to 1.5 months, after which they disappear without a trace.

When reappearing:

localized in the groin, on the shoulders and chest, near the anus;
the rashes are sporadic and pale in color.

Left untreated, the disease causes irreversible damage to internal organs and the brain.

Localization of the rash

Depending on the location of the rash, the nature of its spread and shape, the rash may indicate either allergic reactions, and also be a signal of skin diseases.

On the face

This area is difficult to hide, so it is the rash that causes the most trouble for the patient.

The reasons are:

corticosteroid drugs used in therapy;
cosmetics and ointments containing allergens;
poor personal hygiene;
disruption of the endocrine system;
age-related hormonal changes;
concomitant and chronic diseases.

In addition, it can cause a weakening of the protective reactions of the skin and lead to the appearance of a rash. long stay under straight lines sun rays and frequent visits to spas.

On the body

A rash on the body is an indicator of the development of infectious diseases:

small red spots scattered throughout the body and without precise localization occur with syphilis, pityriasis rosea and medicinal toxicoderma;
psoriasis, dermatitis, allergies and most childhood infectious diseases are characterized by a red rash in the form of papules, which form small tumors that gradually spread throughout the torso.

Only a dermatologist can make a diagnosis after examining the test results.

On the legs and arms

Dermatitis, fungal infections, poor personal hygiene, autoimmune and other diseases can lead to skin damage on the arms and legs and the appearance of various rashes on them.

It is impossible to ignore a rash on these parts of the body, as they can signal a weakening of the body’s defense reactions, as well as be a consequence of an allergy to the use of a new product or the use of an inappropriate composition.

Rash all over the body

The appearance of redness, papules, plaques and rashes on all parts of the body most often occurs with diseases characteristic of childhood such as measles, chickenpox, rubella.

Despite the fact that in adults these diseases are more severe than in children, nevertheless, if they consult a doctor correctly and in a timely manner, they do not pose a danger.

Much more dangerous than infection and concomitant pathologies, accompanied by a rash throughout the body:

scarlet fever;
types of typhus;
enterovirus and meningococcal infections.

Pseudotuberculosis, tuberculosis and other diseases are characterized by multiple manifestations of the rash.

What does it mean if the rash itches?

Not all rashes are accompanied by itching. It is a symptom of a certain number of diseases.

In any case, if a rash appears, you should consult a dermatologist, this is especially important if:

lasts for several days and the amount does not decrease;
a similar phenomenon occurs in someone close to you;
in addition to rashes, there are other symptoms of diseases;
the rashes begin to turn into blisters.

To reduce itching, you can take sedatives and antiallergic medications.

Treatment methods

The main thing when choosing methods of treatment is the correct diagnosis of the causes of the disease.

Methods depend on the form and extent of the disease and may require surgical intervention.
Initially used conservative treatment with the use of physiotherapy, the use of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial ointments, antifungal drugs, as well as external treatment of rashes.
The treatment regimen is selected individually depending on the form and cause of the lesion.
Non-infectious and non-allergic rashes can be treated with medications traditional medicine.

Any skin lesions should be treated under medical supervision. The dosage of medications taken is also agreed with a specialist.

Popular drugs for treating rashes

For cupping side effects And negative reactions the body that occurs with skin rashes are used antihistamines.

The most common are tablets such as:

Claritin;
Allegra;
Zyrtec;
Semprex.

Doctors consider Suprastin and Tavegil to be a universal remedy, as they quickly relieve symptoms. Negative side is a feeling of drowsiness that occurs in patients due to depression of the central nervous system by the drug. Corticosteroids are used when there is no progress in treatment.

This hormonal agents and therefore require precise dosage:

Metipred;
Hydrocortisone;
Dexamethasone;
Diprospan.

Additionally use medications external use. The greatest effect is achieved when using Levomikol, Lokoid, Gistan and other ointments.

All drugs have a number of contraindications, so self-medication with them is not recommended.

Folk remedies

The combination of traditional and folk medicine allows you to accelerate the achievement of a positive effect.

Compresses made from oak bark decoction help heal wounds and relieve inflammation.
Rubbing apple cider vinegar areas of skin affected by eczema lead to a reduction in their area.
Allergic reactions are relieved with Kalanchoe juice diluted in a ratio of 1/3 with water.
The juice of hawthorn, horsetail, burdock and red geranium relieves itching well.
Celery juice added to food improves immunity and helps get rid of hives.

The use of plants that cleanse the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver promotes elimination from the body harmful substances, which has a positive effect on the treatment of rashes.

Video about skin rashes, causes and what to do

Acne on the face:

Causes of skin rashes:

Skin itching is a specific uncomfortable sensation in upper layers epidermis, arising in response to irritation of nerve receptors. Itching occurs in response to external or internal irritants and, according to some scientists, is a type of pain. Our article will tell you why itching may occur and what to do in such cases.

There are many criteria for assessing itching: by localization, intensity and nature of occurrence. For proper diagnosis and treatment, it is also very important to determine the accompanying symptoms: rash, peeling, hair loss in this area of the body, as well as the formation of cracks and wounds.

Itching is divided into the following categories:

Localized when a certain place itches. This could be the scalp, elbow and groin folds, anus area ( anal itching), perineum and other parts of the body.
Generalized, in which itching occurs throughout the entire body at once. May indicate the presence of tumors, diseases of internal organs, hormonal imbalance, allergies and mental disorders.

The frequency of occurrence of itching of any location is also important. Usually, with constant itching, other alarming symptoms: insomnia, irritability, soreness and hypersensitivity of the skin. If your body itches, there is a high risk of scratching and infection in the wounds.

You should definitely visit a dermatologist, even if the itching occurs without rashes or redness. The doctor can recommend local painkillers and, if necessary, arrange a consultation with a more narrow specialists: allergist, immunologist or endocrinologist.

Causes of itching without rashes

Majority dermatological diseases manifest themselves as a rash of various nature. At the same time, there is a certain category of diseases in which there are no skin rashes or they manifest themselves only slightly. Usually the skin on the body itches under the influence of the accumulation of toxins and histamines in the upper layers of the epidermis, and there may be several reasons for such phenomena.

The main factors influencing the appearance of itching:

Overdrying of the epidermis due to temperature fluctuations, lack of moisture, or under the influence of external negative factors.
Fungal infections of various localizations.
Liver and kidney diseases. In this case, the body is susceptible to intoxication by metabolic products.
Side effects after taking certain medications.
Negative reaction of the body to stress or deterioration of mental health.
Hormonal imbalance occurs especially often during pregnancy.
An allergic reaction of the body upon contact with plant pollen, chemicals or toxins.

On the mucous membranes, itching most often occurs with fungal infections (a common example is thrush in women), with some venereal diseases or bactericidal inflammation of the skin. In these cases, additional symptoms are added to the main symptom: mainly a rash, the nature of the itching (usually in the evening and at night), as well as fever, weakness and changes in blood counts. If itching appears without a rash, you should look for other causes.

What diseases does itchy body skin indicate?

Skin itching without rash may indicate high content toxic substances in the blood. These may be metabolic products that are not excreted from the body due to liver or kidney dysfunction. This kind of itching is often called toxic, and it will go away only after the main problem is eliminated.

During pregnancy, complaints of itchy skin. This is due to hormonal changes in the body, stretching of the skin due to an enlarged abdomen, as well as purely psychological discomfort.

What diseases can cause severe itching:

After taking certain groups of medications, persistent itching may also occur. Usually specific treatment in this case it is not required, unpleasant symptom will go away after stopping the drug. Most often, medications based on the hormone estrogen (including contraceptives), erythromycin, opium drugs, anabolic steroids, acetylsalicylic acid and its derivatives.

In what cases should you consult a doctor?

Itching is not the most uncomfortable symptom, but it may indicate more serious problems in organism. For any pathologies, you should consult a doctor, but in some cases this may even become vital.

See a doctor urgently:

Against the background of itching, rashes or purulent wounds appeared.
The temperature has risen.
Itching is accompanied by swelling and star-shaped spots on the body.
There is a mental disorder and behavior changes.
Breathing is difficult, signs of anaphylactic shock appear.

Only a doctor can determine what this may be and the appropriate treatment. Itching - no separate disease, but only a symptom, so the patient will not get better from temporary measures. If the problem is dry skin, using moisturizers will eliminate the problem, but most often constant itching is a sign of more serious pathologies.

How to help yourself if your whole body itches but there is no rash

Home methods for eliminating such discomfort can be used in extreme cases when, for some reason, seeing a doctor is temporarily unavailable.

To help relieve severe itching:

A contrast shower will help relieve the itching for a while.
Warm bath with medicinal herbs will also help relieve discomfort.
If the itching area is small, you can apply an ice pack or a wet wipe.
Cooling creams with menthol are also used, but only on areas without wounds or rashes.
Mild sedatives (valerian, motherwort tincture) will help get rid of nighttime itching.
To humidify the air in the room, use steam or a proven method - drying wet laundry on the battery.
If it hurts night itching, you can wear soft gloves on your hands to avoid scratching the skin.

All these measures will help relieve itching if there is no rash. When skin reactions, you should definitely go to a dermatologist without self-medicating. For some diseases, for example, atopic dermatitis, it is necessary to limit contact with water for a while, so a relaxing bath can only do harm.

Prevention measures

You can protect yourself from itching in advance. It is enough to follow the rules of hygiene, regularly change underwear and bed linen, choosing the most natural and hypoallergenic fabrics. IN winter time It is very important to properly care for your skin, preventing it from drying out and chapping. Daily washing with a warm decoction of herbs, which soften and soothe inflamed skin, works well. Detergents should be chosen with the most non-allergenic composition.

It is also very important to follow the principles healthy eating, give up smoking and alcohol, as well as “harmful” foods: canned and smoked food, sweets with chemical composition and carbonated drinks. Timely examination by specialists and control over existing diseases will help prevent the development of serious pathologies. In addition, it is imperative to avoid stressful situations and conflicts.

Itching in different places on the body - an unpleasant symptom. It can occur under the influence of various factors and be a sign serious illnesses. Most often, itching occurs due to irritation of nerve receptors in the skin. If the itching is constant or localized, you should definitely visit a doctor to determine the causes of this discomfort.

Rash are multiple changes in the skin and mucous membranes: elements that differ from normal skin in color, texture and appearance. The rash can be on the stomach, chest, face, arms, legs. Patients describe the rash as spots, redness, pimples, pimples, goosebumps, blisters, blisters, pustules, mosquito bites, etc. The appearance of the rash can sometimes indicate a disease, but you cannot diagnose yourself by the appearance of the rash; you must consult a doctor.

What does the rash look like (types of rash)

The most common skin rashes are formed by the following elements:

spots. A spot is a reddened area that does not protrude above the level of the surrounding skin. Redness is associated with excess blood flow. When you press on it with your finger, the stain disappears, and after the pressure stops it appears again;
nodules(papules) - compacted areas that protrude slightly above the skin level. Most often, papules are round or conical in shape. Papules can merge with each other, forming plaques, sometimes quite large in area (for example, the size of a palm). When pressed, the papule also loses its color;
bubbles(vesicles). A vesicle is an element, usually round in shape, rising above the level of the skin and representing a cavity filled with a clear, cloudy or bloody liquid;
pustules(pustules). A pustule is a vesicle with purulent contents. The skin at the base of the pustule may also become inflamed;
blisters- cavityless elements of a round or oval shape, slightly rising above the skin level, resulting from limited and acute swelling.

The above elements are called primary, since they occur on clean skin.

During the course of the disease, rashes appear at the site and secondary elements:

plots hyperpigmentation or depigmentation(skin loses its natural color, becoming either darker or discolored);
peeling(scales are formed - particles of the dying upper layer of skin);
erosion(superficial damage to the skin resulting from the opening of a vesicle and abscess). In severe cases, ulcers may occur - a violation of the integrity of the skin, involving all layers of the skin - up to the subcutaneous fatty tissue;
when scratching - abrasions, both superficial and deep;
crust(formed as a result of drying out sections of a weeping surface - for example, at the site of burst blisters, pustules, as well as ulcers and erosions);
plots lichenification(skin thickening with strengthening of its pattern), etc.

Rash due to infectious diseases

The appearance of a rash on the skin is typical of infectious diseases that mainly affect children: chickenpox(chickenpox), rubella, scarlet fever, measles.

When rashes are found throughout the body, including on the scalp, on the mucous membranes, and sometimes even on the palms and soles. The elements of the rash first look like pink or red spots of a round shape. Then bubbles form in this place. After 2-3 days, the bubbles dry out and crusts form after them. At the same time, elements of the rash may be adjacent to the body different stages. In general, the rash lasts 5-10 days.

When the rash occurs, small pink-red spots of a round or oval shape form. Usually the rash appears first on the face and then spreads throughout the body. The rash usually lasts from 2 to 4 days (sometimes up to 7 days), then disappears - without pigmentation or peeling.

Characterized by a dark red (purple) rash. Unlike the rubella rash, the elements of the measles rash can merge. The rash appears sequentially: first - on the face, neck and behind the ears; the next day - on the torso, on the third day the rash covers the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, including the fingers. The skin affected by the rash becomes rough. WITH fourth day After the appearance, the rash begins to fade in the same order as it appeared. Brown, scaly spots remain at the site of the rash for another week and a half.

The rash appears as numerous very small red dots that stand out against the background of redness of the skin. The rash covers the entire body, but is most intense in the natural folds of the skin, in the lower abdomen and on the sides of the torso. Characteristic feature Scarlet fever is normal skin color and the absence of rashes in the so-called nasolabial triangle (the area formed by the base of the bridge of the nose and the corners of the mouth). The rash fades away after 3-7 days, leaving no pigmentation behind. After the rash disappears, the skin begins to peel off, and comes off in layers on the palms and soles.

A rash on the body is also observed when , enterovirus infection, syphilis, tuberculosis and some other infectious diseases.

If the rash is caused infectious disease, skin rashes are usually accompanied by other symptoms, primarily fever and intoxication. However, you should not try to make a diagnosis yourself, including by the type of rash. Currently, diseases quite often occur in atypical (“blurred”) forms, many symptoms may be absent, and manifestations of the rash may be mild. However, the very appearance of a rash against the background of other symptoms indicates the severity of the disease.

The most alarming thing is the appearance of a hemorrhagic rash. Such rashes are caused by rupture of surface capillaries and represent pinpoint hemorrhages. When pressed, the elements of the hemorrhagic rash do not disappear and do not even turn pale. This rash may indicate meningococcal infection (meningococcal sepsis - blood poisoning). This disease is deadly and develops rapidly. His initial symptoms similar to flu heat, ). If a rash is detected against this background, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Skin rash due to allergic diseases

Rash is common. The rash has an allergic nature in the form of red swollen spots on the abdomen, chest, limbs, less often on the face, which quickly arise, change shape and location, and are accompanied by severe itching. This disease is called

One of the manifestations of the body's reaction to irritating factors is skin rashes. Various changes on the surface of the skin indicate disruptions in the body. The rash can be non-infectious or be the result of infections (viruses, fungi, bacteria). Allergic rashes are classified as non-infectious.

In adults, an allergic rash can occur for a number of reasons, depending on this it can be of a different nature. For any manifestations of rashes, you need the help of a qualified specialist and timely treatment.

Probable causes

Allergy rash - consequence high sensitivity body to different substances. A skin reaction can appear instantly, or it can be the result of a long-term accumulation of allergens. The immune system of allergy sufferers perceives substances that are completely harmless to others as a danger to the body. It produces protective antibodies, causing an allergic reaction.

Common allergens:

medications(especially external);
perfumes and cosmetics, household chemicals;
metal objects made of nickel, lead, cobalt;
exposure to cold or heat;
vapors of paints and varnishes from the air, and other toxic substances;
(milk, nuts, fish, eggs and others);
insect bites;
stress and increased excitability.

All allergic diseases that cause a rash are classified as pathological reactions immunity. That's why main reason allergies are malfunctions of the immune system, which are caused by various factors.

Forms and types of rashes

Allergy rash in adults has different manifestations:

- blisters in local areas or throughout the body. Skin hyperemia and severe itching are also noted. Externally, urticaria resembles a nettle burn. Blisters can merge together, forming single lesions.
- most often occurs after direct prolonged contact with an allergen ( synthetic fabric, metal, paint). Redness appears at the site of contact with the irritant, followed by blisters filled with clear exudate.
- begins with itching, then nodular rashes and infiltration appear, plaques with rounded, indistinct boundaries. Swelling is well expressed. Blisters may subsequently appear, which, after breaking the integrity, turn into weeping erosive areas. It first appears in childhood in those people who have a hereditary tendency towards it.
- first, pale pink irritations and spots appear on the skin. Gradually they become dark red and itchy. The surface of the spots is rough, the skin is rough and flaky. Typically, eczema is localized on the face and limbs. But as it progresses, rashes can appear all over the body.

Effective methods and general rules of treatment

First you need to determine the original source that caused the rash. To do this, you need to undergo an examination and consult a specialist. When identifying the allergic nature of the rash, it is necessary to limit contact of the skin and body with the irritant as much as possible.

Medicines for oral administration

After identifying and eliminating the source of the disease, resort to drug treatment. Therapy should be aimed at eliminating swelling, reducing itching and inflammation. The main medications for allergies should be. They are selected by a specialist based on the severity of the rash and the age of the patient.

1st generation antihistamines are suitable first aid for quickly relieving symptoms:

For longer use use modern drugs 2nd and 3rd generations, which have a minimum of side effects:

If there is no progress in treatment with antihistamines, they resort to corticosteroids. Their intake should be strictly supervised by a doctor. The course of treatment with them must be strictly regulated in time.

Effective hormonal agents:

Hydrocortisone.

On a note! It is forbidden to suddenly stop taking corticosteroids. The dosage should be reduced gradually (no more than 1/3 of the daily dose per day).

As additional funds for elimination allergic rashes may be applied sedatives, if you need to put the central nervous system in order:

Novopassit;
Sedavit;
Valerian tincture.

To speed up the removal of allergens from the body, take (for example, Atoxil and others.).

Local therapy

Go to the address and read about what a blood test for immunoglobulin E shows and see a transcript of the results.

Prevention of allergic rashes

In order to minimize the likelihood of allergies, you need to follow the following precautions:

Before use cosmetics and local medications, it is necessary to test their effect on a small area of skin. If no rash or redness appears, the product can be used.
Before going outside in cold or hot weather, use special protective creams.
Eliminate from your diet foods containing preservatives, dyes, and synthetic thickeners.
Strengthen the immune system (harden yourself, play sports, walk in the fresh air).
If it is known for sure that a person has a predisposition to allergies, avoid contact with suspected allergens as much as possible.

Allergic rashes can appear in any adult, even if he is not allergic. Malfunctions of the immune system increase the risk of allergization. At the first sign of a rash, you should not run to the pharmacy and buy any medicine you like; medications must be prescribed by a doctor. The causes and nature of the rash may vary. This means that treatment methods may differ. Only a correct diagnosis and help from a qualified specialist can be a guarantee effective fight with a problem.

Learn more about what an allergic rash is and how to deal with it after watching the following video: