A child has a nosebleed: why and what to do. What to do if your baby has a runny nose with blood Blood from the nose in a month-old baby

The appearance of blood from a child's nose can be caused by many reasons, and sometimes this is very frightening for parents.

Let's look at the factors causing nosebleeds, first aid techniques, treatment methods and how to distinguish pathological causes from non-hazardous conditions.

Causes caused by mechanical stress

Nosebleeds in children (epistaxis) have different reasons, but the most common are injuries and everyday occurrences (such as nose picking).

Bruises, blows and injuries

The child is very mobile, so bruises and other minor injuries are not uncommon.

It can also get to the nose, as a result of which the capillaries inside rupture and bleeding occurs.

A child can damage the vessels of the nose due to a fall, hitting the floor, or other children on the playground, etc. In such cases, bleeding occurs suddenly, as a response to the impact environment. A small injury is enough for blood to flow.

However, injuries can also be serious. Then the bleeding turns out to be only a symptom - for example, if the child fell out of bed and hit his head hard. In this case, he also complains of dizziness and squeezing in the temples.

Children over two and three years of age are quite capable of breaking each other's noses on the playground or in kindergarten. It happens that a baby bumps into another by accident, but at the same time receives a serious bruise or even a fracture (usually the bridge of the nose suffers).

Bleeding from the nose in such cases is usually severe and the child requires first health care to stop blood loss. In case of a fracture or severe bruise The nose may swell and bruises may form at the site of the impact.

If blood flows from the nose of a baby or infant, do not rule out external physical damage. Perhaps he hit himself in his sleep.

And also, often the child pulls various objects from his environment into his nose - toys, spoons, etc.

Of course, small children, six-month-olds and one-year-olds, are more susceptible to this. Foreign bodies can become lodged in the nostril, causing permanent damage to the mucous membrane, causing bleeding.

When the foreign object is removed (you may need emergency help if it is blocking your breathing), the bleeding will stop.

In the future, consequences may arise in the form of frequent rhinitis or even purulent discharge- especially if the item was in in the wrong place long enough.

During strong nose blowing or rinsing, local minor bleeding may also occur.

The child picked his nose

Ordinary Small child Pulls his hands to his nose several times a day. At a certain age, there is nothing more interesting than picking something in the nostril and getting out the annoying booger.

Because of this, the mucous membrane and blood vessels are often irritated, which can cause constant snot and runny nose.

Sometimes blood is flowing If a baby picks off a dried crust that has formed at the site of a previous capillary rupture, sudden bleeding occurs, the blood flows quickly and does not stop for a long time.

Recent surgery

Any medical intervention can damage the vessels in the nose. Medical procedures and operations sometimes cause immediate bleeding, which goes away when the procedure is stopped.

This usually occurs during sinus puncture, endoscopy, removal of polyps or adenoids, and other invasive procedures that injure the nasal mucosa. To stop this, it is enough to complete the procedure itself and allow the mucous membrane to recover.

However, some surgical interventions can have long-term consequences - after them, bleeding occurs periodically, since the condition of the vessels has worsened and it takes more time for them to recover.

Causes caused by pathologies

The next large group of reasons due to which a child often bleeds from the nose is pathology.

Various chronic or acute conditions organism influence circulatory system, impairing its performance. This may cause constant bleeding.

Colds: rhinitis, ARVI and others

Immunity that is not fully formed cannot protect a child from seasonal illnesses. ARVI, influenza and other diseases of the nasopharynx are accompanied by discharge large quantity fluids through the nose.

This usually results in fever and cough. The nose is also constantly stuffy, which leads to severe damage to the mucous membrane, as well as constant attempts to blow the nose and get rid of the obstructive secretions.

It may happen that when blowing his nose along with mucus, a blood clot comes out of the baby’s nose - this indicates a single rupture of the capillaries, and further bleeding, as a rule, does not occur. Typically, blood clots form if a child's mucous membrane is regularly damaged during, for example, cleaning the nasal cavity from snot. Or from dryness.

Parents also often buy nasal drops for children when colds- vasoconstrictors, for example, well alleviate the course of the disease itself, but with prolonged use they injure the thinned mucous membrane. This may cause minor bleeding from time to time.

Blood clotting problems

Depending on the time of day

To make a correct diagnosis, the doctor analyzes exactly when the baby’s nose bleeds.

Most often this occurs in the morning or at night, depending on the factors that caused this condition.

At night

At night, a child’s nose may bleed due to:

Taking vasoconstrictors (for example, Otrivin) during ARVI and colds.
Drying of the mucous membranes - during the heating season, in dry rooms, due to illness or taking medications.
Physical injuries in the head and nose area.
Allergies with various (household) pathogens.

Nosebleeds at night are considered the most dangerous.

In the morning

In the morning, immediately after the child wakes up, his nose may bleed due to:

Polyps in the nose.
Dry indoor air - dry mucous membranes are more susceptible to injury.
The fact that a child or teenager spent too active or a long evening means that the routine is disrupted and there is no proper rest.
The fact that the child was nervous.
Long-term stress on blood vessels in an unusual lying position - on the side or stomach (typical for one month of age or the first years of life).

Why might nosebleeds occur frequently?

Frequent nose bleed appears due to pathologies or chronic conditions of the child’s body. It can become one of the “first bells” for diagnosing anemia or other diseases of the circulatory system.

In older childhood it is also a sign of serious psychophysical stress and overexertion.

The greatest danger comes from regular bleeding when the blood is thick or scarlet - they may indicate the presence of cancer in the nasal cavity or sinuses.

How to distinguish serious pathologies in time?

Serious diseases necessarily have additional symptoms - nosebleeds are only one of the first signs of the presence of pathology.

Don't hesitate to get checked by a doctor if your child:

Frequent bleeding and he complains or shows constant discomfort.
The bleeding did not come from one nostril, but from both.
There is bleeding in other places - from the ear, anus, etc.
Blood flows every day.

Moms should not panic if blood appears from the nose during seasonal illnesses - with ARVI or colds, a small discharge of blood only indicates the severity of damage to the mucous membrane due to the disease. This will go away when the underlying disease is cured.

First aid and ways to stop bleeding

The primary algorithm for parents’ actions is as follows:

Sit the child so that his head is tilted forward or looking straight. It is acceptable to slightly tilt the child's body forward.
Pinch the child's nostrils with your fingers for 5-10 minutes. The child breathes through his mouth.

You can use cold, but while the parent is “organizing” it, the child needs to hold his nose with his hand. Ice should be applied to the bridge of the nose. It is acceptable to give chilled drinks - lowering the temperature in the mouth will speed up the cessation of bleeding.

If the bleeding has not stopped after 15-30 minutes (2 periods of 15 minutes), you need to call an ambulance.

What should you never do?

Before medical assistance Often it only harms, therefore, if a nosebleed is detected in a child, you should not do the following:

Throw back the baby's head - blood will flow into the throat and it will become impossible to determine whether the bleeding has stopped. This may also cause vomiting reflex The child has.
“Plug” your nostrils with tampons - when you further remove the cotton wool, the caked crust will come off and everything will start again.
Put the baby to bed.
Periodically release the baby's nostrils before expiration required quantity time.
Send the child to blow his nose.
Allow the child to talk or cough.
Allow the child to swallow blood.
Allow the child to move - especially actively.
Keeping the cold on the bridge of your nose for too long.
Move the child abruptly.
Allow your child to pick his nose.
After the bleeding stops, give him something hot to eat or drink.

Treatment methods

If the nosebleed is a one-time occurrence, treatment is usually not required. Compliance with preventive measures should prevent relapse.

However, if nosebleeds recur, medications are prescribed to stop them or prevent their occurrence.

Drugs and medications

If the child’s capillaries have weakened and become brittle, tablets are used:

Ascorutin.
Vitamin C.
Rutin capsules.

According to doctors, they are most effective for prevention or if the child suffers from chronic pathologies vessels.

Stop bleeding:

Hemostatic sponge.
Intravenous injections of calcium chloride.
Vikasol.
Dicynone (used after operations).

The dosage and method of use of these drugs should be determined by the doctor.

Traditional methods

Traditional recipes that help with nosebleeds:

Teas that increase blood viscosity and clotting - chamomile or sea buckthorn. You can drink them, or treat the mucous membrane with a tampon soaked in them.
You can squeeze a few drops of lemon or yarrow juice into your nose, after rubbing it between your fingers.
You can put a lotion with plantain (or nettle) juice inside the nostril - the plant is crushed and the liquid is squeezed out of it.

You can smear the mucous membrane with creams plant based, or handmade from chamomile or nettle - this will help moisturize it if the child is in a dry room.

When cleaning the nose from mucus and secretions (during ARVI, for example), it is better to treat it with light solutions of chamomile and sea buckthorn, and avoid chemical solutions that can damage the mucous membrane.

Methods for differential diagnosis of causes

Primary diagnosis of the causes is carried out using:

External examination, study of influencing factors and patient history.
Internal examination of the nose, nasopharynx and pharynx.
General blood test.

To identify pathologies, examinations by specialized specialists may be necessary.

If specific diseases are suspected, the following methods are used:

X-ray of the nose, MRI, examination by an ENT specialist - this is how polyps and diseases of the nasopharynx are detected.
Examination by an allergist, tests for allergens, a detailed blood test for immunoglobulins - this is how an allergic reaction is detected.
Appointment with a hematologist, tests for blood clotting if there are suspected disorders in this area.
Examination by an endocrinologist followed by hormonal tests if general hormonal disorders are possible.
Examination by an oncologist, blood biochemistry or brain puncture if leukemia or other oncological diseases are suspected.
Donating blood to check for vitamin deficiency if vitamin deficiency is suspected.
Blood pressure check (daily) and kidney check (urine and blood tests, ultrasound) to detect hypertension.

What complications can there be?

Minor bleeding is usually not dangerous.

However, if they are regular and abundant, they lead to the development of anemia, which is very dangerous. Therefore, if blood from nose goes in a child regularly - you need to urgently seek help from your doctor.

Nosebleeds are a very common phenomenon. They often occur suddenly and can be accompanied by significant blood loss, frightening both the child and surrounding adults. This is due to the abundant blood supply to the nasal cavity and the peculiarities of anatomy and physiology in childhood.

The child’s nose is relatively small, the nasal passages are narrow, the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx is tender, loose, and easily injured. Without delving into anatomy, I would like to mention that the nasal cavity is supplied with blood from the branches of the internal and external carotid arteries, and these are some of the most large vessels human body!

In the nasal mucosa, in the anterior sections of the septum, there is a choroid plexus, called the “bleeding zone” or “Kiesselbach zone”. It is located superficially and in 90 percent of cases is the source of nosebleeds.

Why?

Most often due to a violation of the integrity of the vascular wall or a blood clotting disorder. Nosebleeds can be spontaneous or can be caused by various injuries.

1. If the choroid plexus is located superficially in the nasal septum, it is easy to damage, which becomes the most common cause all nosebleeds (90 percent of cases).

2. Injuries that can be of varying severity - from the harmless habit of picking your nose with your finger to significant ones, accompanied by fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton.

3. Foreign bodies in the nasal cavity, which can provoke bleeding, directly injuring the mucous membrane, or causing inflammation at their site long stay. This is especially true for children, who often stick various objects into their noses and then forget about it or hide it from adults. In this case, pus and an unpleasant odor may appear along with the blood.

4. Various benign and malignant tumors nasal cavities (more common in children) benign formations).

5. Deviation of the nasal septum, where, along with periodic bleeding, in most cases there will be difficulty in nasal breathing.

6. Developmental anomalies vascular system nose - dilation of arteries and veins.

7. Changes in the structure of the mucous membrane during various infections(tuberculosis, syphilis, diphtheria), as well as for chronic runny nose.

8. Nosebleeds in children can occur due to the fact that the air in the room is dry. The dry mucous membrane of the nasal septum shrinks with the wall of the blood vessel and they lose their elasticity and strength. As a result, when sneezing, blowing your nose, etc., this dry mucous membrane cracks and ruptures the blood vessel that has shriveled with it.

OTHER CAUSES OF NOSE BLEEDINGS

Blood diseases

Increased vascular permeability during inflammation, which occurs when severe infections such as measles, flu, etc.; with a lack of vitamin C;

Chronic liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis).

Chronic inflammatory diseases nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Conditions accompanied by elevation blood pressure(renal hypertension - increased blood pressure due to kidney disease, physical activity, sunstroke, overheating).

WHAT TO DO?

Nosebleeds can start suddenly, often while sleeping. Bleeding can be one-sided or from both halves of the nose. Bleeding varies in intensity and duration. In some cases, the blood flows out slowly and stops spontaneously, in others the blood flows out in a stream, the bleeding can continue for a long time and does not stop spontaneously.

In any case, consultation with specialists is necessary! Start your examination with a visit pediatric ENT doctor who will examine the nasal cavity and prescribe an x-ray paranasal sinuses nose If the causes of nosebleeds are local, and in particular superficial vessels in the nasal septum, a specialist can cauterize them different ways: electricity, laser (electro- or laser coagulation) or liquid nitrogen(cryotherapy).

If a foreign body or polyps are found in the nose, they will be removed.

The doctor may prescribe various examinations, for example, blood tests, as well as additional consultations with other specialists: hematologist (a doctor who treats blood diseases), pediatrician.

TAKE IT SERIOUSLY!

Chronic bleeding causes slowly increasing exhaustion of the body and the formation of anemia. With anemia, the immune system suffers - resistance to pathogens and constantly changing environmental conditions decreases. Anemia leads to chronic oxygen starvation, loss of blood in a large volume leads to severe consequences for the body.

FIRST AID

Reassure your child, as stress caused by the sight of blood increases the heart rate and blood pressure, which increases blood loss. It is necessary to convince the child and others that nothing terrible is happening, there is no danger to life, and the bleeding will soon stop.

Stop the bleeding! It is necessary to give the child vertical position(sit down, raise the back of the bed as much as possible) and slightly tilt your head forward so that the blood flows out of the nostrils! In addition, tilting the head forward will allow you to determine which half of the nose comes from there is bleeding. The smallest children need to be picked up and supported with their head.

IMPORTANT!!! Throwing your head back is absolutely unacceptable. Since the imaginary cessation of bleeding leads to blood flowing into the throat. Unfortunately, this is the most common mistake when providing first aid.

OXYGEN Unbutton your clothes, provide air flow fresh air. In this case, it is desirable that the child inhales through the nose and exhales through the mouth.

COLD Cold must be applied to the nose area (a handkerchief soaked in cold water, or a piece of ice in a plastic bag). ATTENTION! Feet should be warm. This helps to reduce blood circulation in the nasal area and weaken, and sometimes stop, bleeding.

OPTION It is often enough to press the wing of the nose against the septum on the bleeding side with your hand for 5-10 minutes to form a blood clot. If this measure does not help, it is necessary to insert a swab of sterile cotton wool 2.5-3 cm long and 0.5 cm thick into the nasal passage, moistened with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide or any vasoconstrictor drops in the nose (NAPHTHYZIN, SANORIN, GALAZOLIN, OTRIVIN, TIZIN)

IF SOMETHING IS STUCK IN YOUR NOSE

If the bleeding is caused by a foreign body, do not try to remove it yourself: it may become dislodged and enter the Airways, causing suffocation. A specialist must remove the foreign body.

During the provision of assistance, it is necessary to monitor the child’s general condition, degree of consciousness, pulse, and blood pressure.

WHAT TO DO AFTER

1. After you have managed to stop the bleeding, do not let your child blow his nose and limit physical activity for at least a day so as not to provoke re-bleeding.

2. When the bleeding stops, you need to carefully lubricate both halves of the nose Vaseline oil using a cotton swab: this will prevent the nasal mucosa from drying out.

3. If the air in the room where the child sleeps is too dry, it is necessary to increase the humidity (for example, using a humidifier or a wet sheet on a radiator). It is good to instill preparations made from sea water into the child’s nasal passages to prevent their mucous membrane from drying out.

WHEN SHOULD YOU GO TO THE DOCTOR?

If bleeding does not stop within 20 minutes, if bleeding resumes,

If the blood flows out in a stream, without clots,

If the child's general condition worsens.

Send your questions to pediatrician Valery Sonnov at

In newborns, nosebleeds are not common symptom, and when it appears it is rarely abundant, despite the fact that some anatomical and physiological features (hyperemia of the nasal mucosa) favor it. To a large extent, this is a consequence of the underdevelopment of the locus Kiesselbachi and the fact that newborn children are protected from injury.

Bleeding from the nose during this period most often occurs with certain infections during the newborn period in combination with inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Congenital syphilis should also be taken into account. Along with the characteristic symptoms of this disease from the skin, central nervous system, bones, etc. a common symptom is the so-called coriza luteica. In addition to hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa with constant snoring, secretion with a scant admixture of blood is also possible, especially after sneezing. When the clinical picture is pronounced, the diagnosis is not difficult, but in cases where syphilitic runny nose is the only manifestation of the disease, and such cases of latent manifestation have become increasingly common in recent years, diagnosis is possible only when the doctor is focused on this disease.

More often, however, in the presence of such a finding on the part of the nasal mucosa, chronic staphylococcal rhinitis is noted. And with it there is hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa, mainly of the posterior segment, accompanied by snoring. Blood can also be found in the scanty secretion. Diagnosis is made easier if there are other manifestations staphylococcal infection from the lungs, skin, etc.

Bleeding from the nose (sometimes quite profusely) can occur with sepsis in newborns, which is a manifestation of the often occurring generalized hemorrhagic diathesis.

With diphtheria nasi, along with the maceration of the nasal passages typical for this disease, sometimes with the formation of membranes, an admixture of blood can be detected in the watery secretion. It should be noted that in these cases the process is almost always one-sided.

During the newborn period, more than heavy bleeding from the nose are observed with hemorrhagic disease newborns, with some pathological syndromes of hemorrhage, usually in combination with other manifestations of hemorrhage, as well as with hemophilia and congenital telangiectasia Rendu - Osier. The diagnosis of the latter disease is more difficult, especially when the vascular anomaly is an isolated manifestation only in the mucous membrane of the nasal passages.

A nosebleed in a child, especially a small one, is a cause for great concern for parents. And although doctors say: as a rule, blood coming from the nose of a baby is not at all dangerous, it is better to know everything possible reasons this disease and be prepared to stop it in a timely manner.

Why does a child's nose bleed?

In the nasal region there is a network of vessels and small capillaries, which, when ruptured, provoke bleeding. Dry and irritated vessels become very brittle and can bleed from any, even minor, damage.

The most common causes of nosebleeds in a child or newborn:

Dry mucous membrane. Provoked harmful effect heating appliances, sharp drop temperatures, abuse vasoconstrictor drops with a runny nose; Increased intracranial pressure; Infection (eg, sinusitis); Nose injury (often caused by nose picking or bruise); Hit foreign body(for example, toy parts) into the nose; Incorrect shape of the nose from birth (deviated nasal septum); Proliferation of polyps in the nose. Should I be concerned when I see blood coming from my baby's nose?

As a rule, the concern is unfounded. In winter, when heating appliances operate at full capacity and the spread of infections reaches critical levels, nosebleeds are not uncommon.

According to doctors, this problem can bother infants, but it completely disappears by adolescence. The whole point is that the newborn's blood vessels are still too weak and cannot withstand irritants.

How to prevent nosebleeds in infants?

If the air in the apartment is too dry, you should purchase a humidifier for the child’s room. He will help create comfortable microclimate and maintain the desired level of humidity.

Make sure that the child does not put anything into the nose, including his own fingers.

If bleeding due to a dry nose recurs regularly, you should talk to your doctor about using saline nasal instillation. It moisturizes the mucous membrane and strengthens blood vessels.

In what cases does nosebleeds in a child require consulting a doctor:

Bleeding occurs as a result of a fall, injury to the head or nose, or a blow; The baby has leaked too much blood and you suspect danger; The bleeding started after taking some medications; The baby has constant nasal congestion and bleeds more often than before. If, in addition to nosebleeds, the child easily bruises, the gums bleed. How to stop bleeding?

Calm the child and make him spit out blood. It should not get into the throat and cause nausea. Place the child on your lap so that his head is tilted slightly down. Press the napkin to the spout and secure it with your hand. You need to wait about 10 minutes without removing the napkin. If the child is quite old, you need to ask him to breathe through his mouth. In order for him not to be scared or bored, you can read a book or turn on a cartoon. After 10 minutes, check to see if the bleeding has stopped. If not, you need to put it on the bridge of your nose cold compress and again cover your nose with a napkin for 10 minutes. If the bleeding does not stop, you should definitely consult a doctor. What not to do!

The child should not be allowed to take horizontal position or tilt your head back. This will cause blood to leak into the throat.
Do not plug your nostrils with cotton swabs. They can stop the bleeding, but during removal they will again damage the mucous membrane and the problem will recur.

Hospital control methods

If the child’s bleeding cannot be stopped at home, he must be taken to the hospital, where the doctor will determine the cause of the pathology. This is done like this: the oral cavity is examined with a special flashlight and the source of bleeding is identified. After this, the damaged area is tamponed with a special hemostatic liquid, which should stop the flow of blood almost instantly. If this also does not help, a bandage is applied. Such a need arises very rarely.

In addition to all these procedures, the doctor looks to see if the nose or head is damaged, and whether bleeding is a sign of some other disease.

Children often tolerate nosebleeds very easily and are not even particularly frightened. However, the adult's task is to make every effort to prevent blood loss. Nosebleeds should not be allowed to become a habit in a child and be perceived as normal.

How did I become a doctor? Quite a difficult question... If you think about it, there was no choice. I was born into the family of a resuscitation doctor, and every day at dinner I heard my father’s story about how his day went. As a child, this all seemed fantastic, beyond reality.

More details

Nosebleeds in children occur quite often. There is nothing strange about this - the mucous membranes in a child’s nose are very thin and can be easily injured. And the children themselves are very active - any child loves to run, play outdoor games, and indulge. And the nose is often the first to suffer in such pranks, especially in boys. But it’s not just trauma that can cause bleeding. Let's figure out why a child may bleed from the nose and what needs to be done in such cases.

Blood in infants

Let's start with the smallest ones. They do not yet lead such an active lifestyle that they could fall and hit their nose. Babies up to 5-7 months spend most of their time in a horizontal position and are rarely left without adult supervision. But, nevertheless, sometimes a baby’s nose may bleed.

In a newborn, the cause is most often trivial - he simply scratches in his sleep or while awake. Infants up to 2-3 months old cannot yet coordinate hand movements well and can accidentally catch their face and stick a finger in their nose. If the nails are cut incorrectly (or the mother is simply afraid to do it), then the thin skin and mucous membranes are easily injured, and the mother thinks that the baby is bleeding from the nose. It is enough to put special mittens on your hands and trim your nails in time, and the problem will disappear.

The second common reason why a baby's nose begins to bleed is improper cleansing. It will no longer be possible to find out who was the first to use cotton swabs to clean the nose, but this idea was very bad, although it spread among mothers simply rapidly. Not only is this the easiest way to injure the mucous membrane, but there is also a risk that the cotton wool will come off and remain in the nasal passage.

Remember: only a doctor can insert hard objects into the nasal passage of an infant for the purpose of examination or necessary medical manipulations. You will not be able to control the depth of insertion cotton swab, nor the force of pressing on the walls of the nasal passages, which are literally penetrated by capillaries.

Damage to the capillaries leads to bleeding from the nose in children after this method of cleaning it. For these purposes, you can only use soft cotton or gauze flagella, moistened saline solution, “Aquamaris” or warm sterile oil (sunflower, sea buckthorn, olive).

In older children, especially from 2-3 years old, more serious causes can cause nosebleeds.

Non-infectious causes

If you turned away for a second, and the baby suddenly began to cry and his nose began to bleed, the most probable cause– injury. This is especially eloquently confirmed by broken knees or other abrasions and wounds. The first thing to do in this case is to calm the child and stop the bleeding. We will tell you how to quickly do this below.

Then you need to carefully examine your nose. If the blood was stopped quickly, touching the bridge of the nose does not cause strong pain, and its shape has not been changed, then nothing bad happened. The impact simply burst the capillaries. But if there is a large wound on the nose, severe swelling appears, and the bleeding cannot be stopped quickly, then a fracture is possible and then the baby needs urgent medical attention.

Others non-infectious causes, causing nosebleeds in children can be:

The air is too dry. If there is insufficient air humidity in the room in which the child is located long time, its delicate mucous membranes dry out, dense crusts form in the nose. When removing them from the baby’s nose, blood may bleed, so this must be done very carefully. Overvoltage. Sometimes when severe cough or sneezing, children's noses begin to bleed. This occurs due to severe overvoltage blood vessels, as a result of which they simply burst. There is no need to worry too much, but you need to pay attention to the reason for the fragility of the capillaries. Perhaps this is vitamin deficiency. Overheating. If your nose bleeds during a walk in the hot season, most likely the cause is simple overheating. The baby should be immediately taken to the shade, wiped his face, arms and legs with cool water, ensure air flow (you can simply fan him with a towel or newspaper). When bleeding is accompanied by vomiting, fainting, chills, or severe headache, it is better to call an ambulance; heat stroke is possible. High blood pressure. In children, blood pressure rarely rises sharply and strongly. But if this happens, nosebleeds may be the first symptom. The child may also complain of a headache, and often nausea and vomiting. Before the doctor arrives, the bleeding must be stopped; it is better to put the baby to bed, rather than apply a cold compress to the forehead. Sudden changes in temperature or pressure. Leads to spasm or severe dilatation of blood vessels. If the walls of the capillaries are very thin, they burst and blood begins to flow from the nose. This often happens on an airplane or when returning from extreme cold to warmth. This type of bleeding is not dangerous. Chemical or physical irritants: dusty and highly polluted air, strong odors, household chemicals. Especially with constant exposure, they cause inflammation of the mucous membranes and their loosening. Over time, polyps may form and strong allergic reactions and even bronchial asthma. Entry of a foreign body. A small foreign body is very difficult to notice, but if it is a hard object that is stuck in the nasal passage and presses on the mucous membranes, it causes a child to bleed from the nose, often from only one nostril. Under no circumstances should you try to remove it yourself. The child should be taken to the doctor immediately. The use of vasoconstrictor drops. These drugs are generally not recommended for use in the treatment of young children - they severely dry out the mucous membranes. And if you exceed the recommended dosage, they crack and begin to bleed.

As soon as the above reasons are eliminated, nosebleeds stop and do not occur again. If a child’s nose bleeds regularly (at least two to three times a month), then most likely there is an internal reason for this.

Blood as a symptom

Sometimes nosebleeds in a child can be a symptom of a fairly serious illness. Therefore, when such a phenomenon occurs frequently, regardless of age, the baby must be examined. It is urgent to do this if there are other recurring symptoms. The reason why your baby regularly bleeds from the nose may be the following diseases:

Polyps and other benign formations. Polyps are growths of mucosal tissue that can be caused by external or internal factors. This tissue has a changed structure, is easily damaged, and often bleeds. Such bleeding may not be accompanied by other symptoms, but if the polyps grow strongly, the baby’s nose is constantly stuffy (on one or both sides), and he may complain of a feeling of pressure in the paranasal sinuses. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Most often it is a complication after suffering respiratory diseases of a bacterial or viral nature. The infection, entering the sinuses, provokes purulent-inflammatory processes, severe runny nose and nosebleeds. Cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Often lead to sudden changes in blood pressure readings. This puts additional stress on the capillaries, which they cannot withstand and burst. Sometimes strong increase pressure can be caused by poor kidney function. This can only be determined by comprehensive examination. Oncological diseases. Cancer (and not only of the respiratory system) can cause regular bloody runny nose in the morning and frequent nosebleeds. Blood vessels become especially fragile during a course of chemotherapy, the drugs of which are very toxic. Hemophilia and other bleeding disorders. They become the reason that baby is coming blood from the nose with the slightest damage to its mucous membrane and it is very difficult to stop this bleeding; this often requires the use of special drugs. This effect can also be caused by long-term use blood thinning medications, such as Aspirin.

Treatment in any of the above ways is necessary, since nosebleeds are only a symptom, but they will not stop until the underlying cause is eliminated. Pick up medications Only a doctor should do so based on the results of the tests performed. Self-medication can aggravate the situation and lead to more frequent nosebleeds.

In some cases conservative treatment turns out to be not enough. So, if after several courses of therapy the polyps in the nose or sinuses do not decrease, it is better to remove them surgically. Otherwise, they can cause not only frequent bleeding, but also the development chronic diseases respiratory organs.

How to stop bleeding

If a child’s nose does not bleed heavily, then correct actions stopping it is easy enough. The main thing is not to panic, so that the anxiety is not transferred to the baby who is already frightened by what is happening. Here's what to do:

sit him on a chair, in your arms or just on the floor (so that he doesn’t fall if he gets dizzy); tilt his head down (and not lift it up, as many do!); lightly squeeze the bridge of the nose with your fingers on both sides; ask the baby to breathe calmly and slowly through the mouth; hold the nose like this for 5-7 minutes.

Usually after these actions the blood stops flowing. You can then apply a cold compress to the bridge of your nose. If it is ice, you should keep it for no more than 5 minutes, then remove it and, if necessary, apply it again after a while.

When a child's nose bleeds excessively, sterile gauze swabs can be very carefully inserted into the nasal passages. They will squeeze the capillaries and the bleeding will stop. You can keep them in your nose for no longer than 15 minutes.

But if, despite everything Taken measures, the blood continues to flow, consultation with a doctor and, possibly, emergency medical care is necessary.

Prevention measures

None preventive measures will not protect the child from nasal injuries. In childhood they are inevitable. But if you explain basic personal safety measures to a grown-up child, then there is a high probability that you will still be able to do without serious injuries. And children under 2-3 years old simply cannot be left unattended for a long time.

Other preventive measures will help reduce the risk of nosebleeds:

strengthening the immune system, hardening procedures - will allow you to get sick less often respiratory diseases; mandatory treatment of a runny nose - will prevent the development of chronic diseases of the nose and sinuses; maintaining cleanliness and temperature conditions in the child’s room will eliminate as much as possible Negative influence external factors; regular preventative medical examinations will allow you to diagnose serious illnesses internal organs at an early stage; a variety of nutritious and high-quality nutrition, rich in vitamins and microelements will prevent vitamin deficiency and capillary fragility; Proper and regular cleansing of the nasal passages will not injure the mucous membranes and will eliminate mucus stagnation.

As you can see, everything is important in caring for a baby: routine, nutrition, living conditions, appropriate care. But the most important thing is to trust pediatricians and do not self-medicate. Very often, the wrong actions of parents lead to the fact that such a small problem as a nosebleed becomes a big problem that requires long-term treatment.

A nosebleed in a child, especially a small one, is a cause for great concern for parents. And although doctors say: as a rule, blood coming from the nose of a baby is not at all dangerous, it is better to know all the possible causes of this disease and be prepared to stop it in a timely manner.

Why does a child's nose bleed?

The most common causes of nosebleeds in a child or newborn:

Dry mucous membrane. It is provoked by the harmful effects of heating devices, sudden changes in temperature, abuse of vasoconstrictor drops during a runny nose; Increased intracranial pressure; Infection (eg, sinusitis); Nose injury (often caused by nose picking or bruise); Entry of a foreign body (for example, toy parts) into the nose; Incorrect shape of the nose from birth (deviated nasal septum); Proliferation of polyps in the nose.

Should I be concerned when I see blood coming from my baby's nose?

As a rule, the concern is unfounded. In winter, when heating appliances operate at full capacity and the spread of infections reaches critical levels, nosebleeds are not uncommon.

How to prevent nosebleeds in infants?

If the air in the apartment is too dry, you should purchase a humidifier for the child’s room. It will help create a comfortable microclimate and maintain the desired level of humidity.

Make sure that the child does not put anything into the nose, including his own fingers.

If bleeding due to a dry nose recurs regularly, you should talk to your doctor about using saline nasal instillation. It moisturizes the mucous membrane and strengthens blood vessels.

In what cases does nosebleeds in a child require consulting a doctor:

How to stop bleeding?

Calm the child and make him spit out blood. It should not get into the throat and cause nausea. Place the child on your lap so that his head is tilted slightly down. Press the napkin to the spout and secure it with your hand. You need to wait about 10 minutes without removing the napkin. If the child is quite old, you need to ask him to breathe through his mouth. In order for him not to be scared or bored, you can read a book or turn on a cartoon. After 10 minutes, check to see if the bleeding has stopped. If not, you need to put a cold compress on the bridge of your nose and cover your nose with a napkin again for 10 minutes. If the bleeding does not stop, you should definitely consult a doctor.

What not to do!

Do not allow the child to take a horizontal position or tilt his head back. This will cause blood to leak into the throat.
Do not plug your nostrils with cotton swabs. They can stop the bleeding, but during removal they will again damage the mucous membrane and the problem will recur.

Hospital control methods

In addition to all these procedures, the doctor looks to see if the nose or head is damaged, and whether bleeding is a sign of some other disease.

More details

Nosebleeds are a common problem in children and adolescence. This is related to both physiological characteristics the structure of the nasal passages and the functioning immune system in children.

Parents' opinions about nosebleeds differ: some do not see the danger in this phenomenon and do not attach much importance to the problem, while others, on the contrary, begin to worry and worry, even if there is no apparent reason for this.

In any case, recurrent bleeding should not be ignored - they may be the first signal possible problems with health.

Runny nose and other causes of nosebleeds in one-year-old children and adolescents

Nosebleeds are the result of damage to the capillaries, of which there are a huge number in the nasal cavity. Young children can simply “pick” the surface of the mucous membrane, which leads to blood flow.

But not always the reasons this phenomenon may be harmless. Sometimes frequent nosebleeds indicate serious pathology, so ignore this symptom(especially if the baby is too small) it is impossible.

Low air humidity.

Dry air contains a lot of dust and harmful elements, which, when inhaled, settle on the mucous membranes and form growths (crusts). In addition, low air humidity negatively affects the condition of the mucous membrane, leading to its depletion. This process is called atrophy of the mucous membranes. If a child, picking his nose, picks off a dried growth, a wound will form and capillary bleeding will occur.

Arterial hypertension.

Blood pressure problems can also cause nosebleeds. In this case, bleeding is only beneficial for the child, since it prevents more serious consequences, for example, bleeding in the brain. Bleeding is usually preceded by headache, weakness, deterioration in health. After the bleeding stops, the child feels much better.

Diseases of the hematopoietic system.

Disturbances in blood clotting processes (coagulopathy) are another serious reason nosebleeds. In this case, the gums and other areas with mucous membranes will also bleed.

Vitamin deficiency.

Poor and monotonous food with low content useful elements(minerals and vitamins) can lead to various abnormalities and diseases. A lack of vitamin C negatively affects the condition of blood vessels - they become brittle and their walls are depleted, which increases the likelihood of damage.

Overheat.

Especially often sunny and heat strokes children receive during walks in the summer. To avoid them, it is necessary to follow the rules for children's exposure to the sun in the summer. Walking during the high solstice (from 12 to 17 hours) for children under 6 years of age is strictly prohibited.

Infectious and respiratory diseases.

Colds, as well as diseases caused mainly by viruses, lead to the formation of swelling of the nasal mucosa and increased pressure in the capillaries, which cannot withstand the increased load and burst.

Inflammatory pathologies.

Inflammation of the nasal sinuses (sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis), as well as adenoids, contribute to the filling of the mucous membranes with blood.

Fluctuations in barometric pressure.

During an air flight or traveling in the mountains, a child may develop a nosebleed. The reason will be increased rarefaction of air in conditions unusual for the child.

Pathologies of the heart and blood vessels.

Pressure surges in the vessels located in the neck and head area lead to fragility vascular walls and the onset of bleeding.

Anatomical features of the structure.

Some children have very narrow nasal passages, so any impact in the nasal cavity leads to injury to the mucous membrane and bleeding.

Taking medications.

Some parents are too zealous in treating a runny nose and use vasoconstrictors, designed to eliminate swelling and restore normal breathing.

Such medications cannot be used for more than 3 days, as they not only lose their effectiveness (addiction sets in), but also dry out the mucous membrane, making it thin and susceptible to mechanical stress.

Injuries and bruises.

If a child has a nosebleed, the cause may be a bruise. When children fall, they often hit their head and face, so you should carefully inspect the surface and nasal cavity for signs of lacerations. If any are found, you should take the baby to a children's hospital.

Why does a baby's nose bleed?

In newborns and infants, frequent nosebleeds are usually a consequence of anatomical features.

The nasal passages are still too narrow, and the capillaries are weak, so they often burst with any overexertion or exposure to an irritating factor. For example, when crying for a long time and loudly, the baby may bleed from the nose.

If the house is hot and the air humidity does not meet the required standards, nosebleeds can also recur with enviable frequency.

Nosebleeds in teenagers: causes

The causes of nosebleeds in teenagers are the same as for other children. But some features can still be highlighted. For example, during puberty (especially in girls), the likelihood of bleeding increases by 2 times. Increased workload at school and rare walks also negatively affect the condition of blood vessels, including nasal capillaries.

Walking is necessary for children of any age. Teenagers are no exception. Children over 12 years old should be outside for at least 3-4 hours in good weather, and at least 2 hours if outside low temperature or slight wind. Algorithm of actions Rules for providing first (emergency) aid for nosebleeds in a child: Calm the child and persuade him to spit out the blood. If the child is too small and does not know how to spit, gently tilt his head down and try to unclench his jaws with your hands. In cases where the baby resists too actively, the action should be stopped. Place a clean tissue to your nose thick fabric and press it for 8-10 minutes. If there is no napkin, or the bleeding is quite intense, you can take a towel. Apply a cold compress to the bridge of the nose. You can use frozen vegetables from the freezer, after wrapping them in a towel or thin diaper. If after 10-15 minutes the bleeding does not stop, call " Ambulance" In the video, Dr. Komarovsky describes to parents the main mistakes they make when trying to stop bleeding. How to stop bleeding in a baby? Technology to stop bleeding in children infancy not much different from the rules that apply to older children and teenagers. First you need to calm the baby down. If your baby gets very scared, this can cause high blood pressure and increased bleeding. The baby should not be allowed to cry. Infants do not know how to spit out blood that has accumulated in oral cavity, therefore, during an attack of severe crying, there is a possibility of blood clots getting into the throat and respiratory tract. If the baby already knows how to sit, he should be placed on your lap and his head tilted slightly forward. If bleeding occurs in a newborn or one year old baby, you should take him in your arms with his back up, but at the same time you need to support his head with one hand so that it is constantly raised. Then proceed according to the algorithm: apply a napkin or cloth and apply cold to the bridge of the nose. What can't you do? It is forbidden to tilt the child's head back, as he may choke on blood. For the same reason, you should not use cotton swabs (place them in the nostril) on infants, as they cannot breathe through their mouths, and blood can enter the respiratory tract. By the way, it is not recommended for teenagers to plug their nostrils with tampons, since during removal they can again injure the mucous membrane, which will lead to re-bleeding. Going to the hospital when frequent bleeding Despite the fact that nosebleeds are most often not a sign of pathology, in some cases you will still have to show the baby to the doctor. The baby needs urgent medical attention when: blood comes from both nostrils; it is not possible to stop the bleeding on your own (within 15 minutes); blood comes from the nose and from other organs (for example, bleeding from the vaginal tract is simultaneously observed); bleeding started after taking any drug (may mean the beginning of anaphylactic reaction); blood flows like a fountain. Important! The listed conditions are a reason for emergency hospitalization of the child and a thorough examination. If blood flows from the nose regularly (more than once every 10-14 days), you should get tested, find out why the bleeding is bothering you and get advice from specialists. You can start by visiting a pediatrician or otolaryngologist, who, after reviewing the results laboratory tests will appoint additional research and examination by specialized specialists, for example: a cardiologist; pediatric oncologist; hematologist. Walking and spinning in the morning as preventative measures In order for the blood vessels to be strong and elastic, it is important to ensure sufficient intake of vitamins and minerals (zinc, potassium, sodium, vitamins C, A, E). To do this, the child’s diet must contain all the main food groups recommended for a specific child’s diet. age category. IN mandatory The table should include fruits and vegetables (in season), meat and fish, eggs, liver, nuts, dairy products, herbs and cereals. Regular ventilation and humidification of the air in the room where the child spends most of his time will help to avoid thinning of the mucous membrane.

Ideally, there should be a humidifier in the children's room, but if it is not possible to purchase one, you can use the old method: hang it on radiators wet towels or place pots of water on the shelves.

It is best to use heating devices only in case of emergency. The optimal air temperature for a children's room is 20-22 °C in the morning (and 16-18 °C at night).

Regular walks, in any weather, in the mornings and evenings, are also the key to healthy mucous membranes. If there is a little rain outside, this is not a reason to cancel your walk. On the contrary, such air has an extremely positive effect on the condition of the nasal cavity, helping to fight bacteria and viruses.

Nosebleeds cannot be called pathological condition, since in most cases the causes of this phenomenon are related to anatomy and physiology. But it’s not worth starting the problem, especially if it comes back again and again. If you consult a doctor in a timely manner, violations can be identified early stages, which allows you to successfully treat many diseases and prevent the development of complications.