What should be the blood sugar level after eating in a healthy person?

As you know, glucose is an irreplaceable source of energy that every cell of the body needs.

If your sugar levels go up or down, it will lead to various violations and affects work internal organs. Most often, a blood glucose test is used to determine diabetes and prediabetes.

Glucose is the main supplier of energy for the body. IN pure form It is not absorbed in the blood; for its distribution and breakdown, a special hormone is needed - which is produced by the pancreas.

To determine sugar 2 hours after a meal, the rate of which also depends on the food eaten, a glucose solution is usually used. When eating sweets and carbohydrate foods, the sugar level will be significantly higher than after eating vegetables and meat. To avoid errors in such a “load” analysis, the patient is offered a liquid glucose solution, and blood is drawn after 2 hours.

The main functions of glucose are:

Energy production. Glucose entering the blood causes the release of insulin. This hormone is a conductor, since without it glucose will not enter the cell. In the absence of insulin, glucose remains in the blood, but is not broken down, the cells suffer from energy starvation and after a while begin to die. This state is called.
Maintaining osmotic pressure in cells. Cells have a semi-permeable membrane that allows particles to enter the cell. The reverse process is also possible, which is controlled by the pressure difference. Glucose helps support these processes and regulates the level of osmotic pressure.
Stock nutrients. Glucose tends to be deposited and stored. When there is excess glucose, it is processed into adipose tissue, but the body requires more energy to release and break down such sugar, so the process of losing weight usually proceeds slowly.

The norm for fasting blood sugar is up to 5.6 mmol/l. The rates are the same for men and women, but they may change with age. In children, glucose levels are lower, and in older people – higher than normal.

If we talk about the “load” analysis, then after consuming the solution, an hour later the sugar concentration is maximum, and after 2 hours it decreases.

Maximum level at healthy person– 7 mmol/l. If it is higher, they speak of prediabetes. This is a condition in which the body is able to control insulin levels only on an empty stomach, and after eating, its production is disrupted.

Deviation from the norm: causes and signs

Most often they talk about elevated level sugar, but hypoglycemia also occurs when the amount of glucose in the blood is too small to nourish the cells. The cause of this condition is most often poor nutrition. Oddly enough, it is the excessive consumption of sweets that leads to hypoglycemia. This is due to the fact that a large amount of sweets begins to release a large amount of insulin. The hormone breaks down all the sugar, and the cells begin to starve.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia include weakness, increased appetite, hand tremors, dizziness, tachycardia, irritability, fainting. To avoid this, just eat or take a glucose solution.Hyperglycemia is a condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is significantly higher than normal.

Short-term hyperglycemia may be a consequence physiological factors, long-term indicates disruptions in the endocrine system.

To the most common reasons hyperglycemia includes:

Diabetes. This chronic illness, in which pathologically low insulin production is noted. As a result, the blood sugar level is high, but it is useless to the body because it cannot penetrate the membrane into the cell.
Hyperfunction thyroid gland. Endocrine disorders lead to a lack of insulin and, as a result, an increase in blood sugar levels. Hyperthyroidism also provokes cardiovascular diseases, bone fragility.
. Viral hepatitis lead to dysfunction of the liver, which also affects the pancreas and its ability to synthesize insulin. With a lack of insulin, glucose levels increase, and energy starvation of cells intensifies.
High physical activity. After physical exercise And profuse sweating sugar level increases as physiological reasons. Therefore, athletes are advised to drink more.

Symptoms of hyperglycemia include a feeling of strong unquenchable thirst, a feeling of dry mouth, frequent urination, fatigue, dry skin and hair, a sharp decline weight and decreased immunity. Similar condition requires examination and treatment.

Causes, signs and consequences of diabetes

With a lack of insulin, the body begins to lack energy and metabolism slows down. A disease such as diabetes inevitably leads to disruption of the functioning of internal organs. Diabetes mellitus can be caused by cardiovascular diseases, genetic predisposition, an abundance of carbohydrates in food, chronic stress, obesity and serious hormonal disorders.

Symptoms of the disease include thirst, consumption large quantity fluids, frequent urination, leg cramps, dry and inflamed skin, weakness and decreased visual acuity.

Among the most common consequences of diabetes are:

Angiopathy. Because of hormonal imbalances and metabolic disorders, the fragility of blood vessels increases, blood clots and atherosclerotic plaques appear, which clog the veins and arteries. Vessels are most often affected lower limbs, which leads to lameness.
Polyneuropathy. Hormonal disorders lead to damage to peripheral nerves, this causes swelling, goosebumps and chilliness of the extremities, and a burning sensation.
Retinopathy. The blood supply to the retina of the eye is disrupted, which leads to poor vision and sometimes complete blindness. Most patients with diabetes experienced retinal detachment.
Nephropathy. With a long course of the disease, the vessels of the kidneys are affected, which leads to disruption of their function. More than 40% of diabetics develop kidney failure.
Trophic ulcers. Ulcers, as a rule, appear on the legs not in the last stages of the disease. They are explained by disruption of the functioning of blood vessels, veins, and deterioration of blood circulation.

More information about diabetes mellitus you can find out from the video:

Diabetes is classified as type 1 and type 2. The first type is characterized insufficient production insulin, and the second - the insensitivity of body tissues to the produced hormone.

This disease requires long-term and carefully thought-out treatment. The patient also needs to follow a lifelong diet and constantly monitor sugar levels.This disease is incurable, but with constant monitoring by a doctor, adherence to nutritional rules and lifestyle management, you can delay the development of complications for many years.

How to keep normal blood sugar levels?

For people suffering from diabetes or prediabetes, special home glucometers have been developed that allow you to find out your blood glucose levels without visiting a laboratory. The most accurate tests will be those taken in the morning on an empty stomach. When determining glucose levels, it is not advisable to brush your teeth or use mouth rinses before performing the test.

In case of hypoglycemia, it is enough to eat and monitor timely food intake in the future. With hyperglycemia, normalizing sugar levels is not so easy.

First of all, normalize sugar levels through diet:

Cinnamon. Ground cinnamon can be added to compotes, teas, and cereals. It increases the body's tolerance to insulin. But you should avoid baking and sweet baked goods with cinnamon.
Fresh vegetables and fruits. Diabetics should limit themselves to sweets; they can be replaced with fresh fruits, fruit salads, dried fruits, and sweet vegetables such as carrots. Fiber is very useful for lowering blood glucose.
Meat. Beef and other lean meats are more than just a source of protein. Meat helps the body normalize metabolism and also contains a large amount of vitamin B, which promotes the absorption of glucose.
Black chocolate. It is beneficial to the body only in cases of diabetes insipidus. It is allowed in small quantities for diabetics. It is better to give preference to dark natural chocolate.
Vinegar. It is added to salads or taken diluted before meals. This helps avoid a spike in blood sugar levels after eating.

There are some folk remedies that help reduce sugar levels. These include a decoction bay leaf, oat infusion, chopped acorns.

In the insulin-dependent form of diabetes, insulin injections are prescribed, which the patient can do independently every day. It is necessary to strictly adhere to the dose prescribed by the doctor. You cannot mix several types of insulin in one syringe.

Blood sugar levels for men and women of different ages, and also for children: find out everything you need. Understand how to diagnose impaired glucose metabolism and monitor the effectiveness of your diabetes treatment. It describes in detail what indicators should be in pregnant women, how to diagnose and treat gestational diabetes. Find out how blood sugar levels differ:

on an empty stomach and after meals;
in diabetic and healthy people;
children of different ages - newborns and infants, primary schoolchildren and teenagers;
old people;
abroad and in the CIS countries.

The information is presented in the form of visual tables.

Blood sugar levels: detailed article

If you see that your glucose level is elevated, you will immediately find out how to reduce it without fasting, taking expensive pills and injections large doses insulin. Read the article "" for details. Learn about diet, herbs and more folk remedies, as well as about pharmaceutical tablets. Reducing sugar and keeping it stable at normal levels - this can really be achieved without even going to the hospital and without frequent access to the doctors.

Before measuring your sugar at home, you need to check your glucometer for accuracy. Bring it with you to the laboratory, use it to measure your sugar and submit it immediately afterwards. laboratory analysis. The discrepancy between the results is no more than 15-20% - normal. You should also measure your blood sugar using a glucometer three times in a row from the fingers of one hand. A discrepancy between the results of no more than 20% is normal. If it turns out that your glucometer is lying, replace it with a good imported model.

For women and men at any age, blood sugar levels are the same. For children they are 0.6 mmol/l lower than for adults and adolescents.

The blood glucose levels shown in the tables on this page are indicative only. The doctor will give more precise recommendations based on your individual characteristics. The page you are on will help you prepare for your visit to the doctor. Or you can start straight away.

It often turns out that good sugar control in older people is impossible to achieve due to their lack of motivation to adhere to the regime. Lack of material resources is used as an excuse, but in reality the problem is motivation. In this case, it is better for relatives to accept the high glucose level in an elderly person and let everything take its course.

A diabetic can fall into a coma if his sugar rises to 13 mmol/l or higher. It is advisable to keep the readings below this threshold by taking pills and insulin injections. Older people often intentionally dehydrate themselves in an attempt to reduce swelling. Insufficient fluid intake can also cause diabetic coma.

Read about tablets containing metformin:

What does it mean if insulin in the blood is elevated but sugar is normal?

This metabolic disorder is called insulin resistance (low sensitivity to insulin) or metabolic syndrome. As a rule, patients suffer from obesity and high blood pressure. The disease can also be aggravated by smoking.

The pancreas, which produces insulin, is forced to work under increased load. Over time, its resource will be depleted and there will be a shortage of insulin. First, prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance) will begin, and then type 2 diabetes. Even later, T2DM may turn into severe type 1 diabetes. At this stage, patients begin to lose weight inexplicably.

Many people with insulin resistance die from a heart attack or stroke before they develop diabetes. Most of the remaining die at stage T2DM from the same heart attack, complications on the kidneys or legs. The disease rarely progresses to severe type 1 diabetes with complete depletion of the pancreas.

How to be treated - read articles about dietary nutrition, links to which are given below. Before diabetes sets in, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are easy to control. Moreover, you will not need to starve or endure hard physical activity. In the absence of treatment, patients have a low chance of surviving until retirement, and even more so, living on it for a long time.

Read also

Nutrition for diabetes...

Published: Blood Sugar

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Sugar levels can vary in one direction or another throughout the day, and the lowest level of glucose in the blood occurs between 3-4 am. The correct numbers characteristic of the disease can be obtained at 7 o'clock in the morning.

On an empty stomach, the norm is set from 3.4 to 5.5 units. The maximum glucose level is recorded at daytime at approximately 15 o'clock. Its value can be in the range from 6.4 to 7.9 units. That is why it is recommended to measure your blood glucose level exactly two hours after eating. After this interval, glucose begins to gradually decrease.

A sugar test is carried out to rule out or verify the presence of diabetes, to identify any disease, as well as to control sugar levels when diagnosing a disease, as well as to identify gestational diabetes in pregnant women.

It is necessary to find out how much blood sugar should be after eating, as well as on an empty stomach, what is their norm in a child and an adult? When is type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed in adults and children, and why do you need a glucometer?

What should the glucose norm be?

Usually, the level of glucose in the blood is determined a couple of times - the analysis is carried out throughout the day, each time the patient eats food.

For any type of disease, the required number of studies over one day is determined. Sugar levels may rise or fall during the day, and this is a normal process in the human body. For example, in the evening it is slightly higher, and in the morning lower.

When a person has eaten, his blood glucose level rises, but this does not mean that he has a disease. The normal level for a healthy person, regardless of gender, is 5.5 units on an empty stomach.

If blood sugar is elevated, then repeated studies are carried out (3 times), which allows us to examine the dynamics of changes in more detail. In addition, through monitoring, you can monitor the patient’s condition and avoid serious complications.

It is also possible to measure blood sugar at home, using a special device - a glucometer.

Table of normal blood sugar levels:

Throughout the day, sugar in biological fluid a person should have from 3.4 to 5.6 units on an empty stomach (children too).
During the lunch period, before meals, and also before dinner in the evening, the norm is considered to be up to 6.1 units.
One hour after the patient has eaten, the sugar rises to 8.9 units, and this is normal.
Two hours after eating, blood glucose already drops to 6.8 units.
At night, if you measure the blood sugar of a healthy person, it can be up to 3.9 units; anything above this figure is not normal.

When blood sugar levels exceed 7-10 units on an empty stomach, a repeat study is performed, a glucose tolerance test. When a repeat result is obtained with data such as 7-10 units, type 2 or type 1 diabetes is diagnosed.

In the first stages, in order to normalize a person’s condition and his sugar to normal, it is recommended to change his lifestyle, in particular, a certain healthy diet and physical activity. When sugar levels remain at 10 units or more, insulin is prescribed. It is also important for a diabetic to know

Doctors recommend that patients with suspected diabetes of any type buy a glucometer to further monitor their blood sugar levels. A glucometer should be used not only in cases when the patient is unwell, but also as a preventive measure in order to track changes in your indicators in time.

Sugar levels after meals in men, women, children

It is definitely believed that the level of glucose in the blood does not depend on gender, however, in a number of situations in medical practice There is a table that shows minor differences between men and women, which makes it possible to suspect the development of diabetes mellitus.

Based on statistics, we can say that the fairer sex is more susceptible to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, this is due to the physiological characteristics and functioning of the female body.

Fasting sugar in the weaker sex normally has a value of up to 5.5 units. If the amount of sugar in the blood is exceeded, a repeat test is performed. Sugar increases after eating and can reach 8.8 units. However, despite this high rate, this is still the norm.

Every hour, the amount of glucose in the blood gradually changes, and after about two or three hours it returns to its original level. It is after this period of time that the body requires food.

It is worth noting an interesting point that it is in females that sugar is more quickly transformed into an energy component, so they cannot live without sweets. The same can be said about a child who will never refuse candy or ice cream. Many parents, worried about the health of their child, are interested in how much sugar their children should have? What is the normal level of glucose in a child’s blood? The answer to this question is the following list:

The normal indicator for a child is up to 5.6 units. If it is high, then the assumption that you have diabetes is quite justified.
Immediately after the patient has eaten, the amount of glucose can rise to 7.9 units, and it will remain this way for an hour.

If you use a glucometer and measure the child’s blood sugar for one hour (after he has eaten), you will notice that it remains almost at the same level, and after two hours it begins to gradually decrease.

It’s sad, but the fact is undeniable: in the last 10 years, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 have been diagnosed more and more often in young children school age. If you previously suspected diabetes mellitus, you need to purchase a glucometer that allows you to find out your readings at any time.

If after a meal the glucose level is high and exceeds 10 units, prescribe reanalysis, and in this case we can tentatively talk about diabetes.

What information does tolerance analysis provide?

Before conducting a test for diabetes, they first take a test on an empty stomach (you must not eat for 8-10 hours). A test is then performed to identify sugar tolerance. The patient is asked to take 75 ml of glucose, a test is taken, and after two hours it must be taken again.

Two hours after the patient has drunk glucose, the norm is less than 10 units (venous blood), and capillary blood is more than 10 units, in particular 11 units. A violation of tolerance is considered to be an indicator of 10 units (venous blood), and more than 11 units – capillary blood.

If the indicator is high on an empty stomach, then a repeat test is performed two hours later. When sugar levels are still elevated, type 1 or type 2 diabetes is suspected. In this situation, it is recommended to take tests again; you can monitor your blood sugar levels at any time at home, a glucometer will help with this.

Blood sugar can rise and also drop critically both on an empty stomach and after eating. At 3 units of glucose, which is considered the extreme level, the clinical picture is as follows:

Weakness, general malaise.
Increased sweating.
It's hard to listen to the pulse.
The heart muscle is overloaded, and heart failure occurs.
Tremor of the limbs.
Confusion.

It is worth noting that patients with diabetes are at risk of developing oncological diseases, because high sugar affects immune system person.

Having learned what the norm is for diabetes, what tests need to be taken, and why you need a glucometer, you need to consider the basic recommendations for lowering blood sugar.

To normalize your sugar levels in the morning, evening and generally forever, it is recommended to adhere to special diet, which are prescribed for diabetes of any type.

When blood glucose levels rise during diabetes, the patient knows what measures to take to eliminate this phenomenon. But what to do if the readings rise not after eating, but before eating it? This is an unusual condition for diabetics, which can and should be dealt with. Study carefully how to do this to avoid unexpected complications.

When your fasting blood sugar is high, you are at risk for hypoglycemia. This means that high blood sugar will suddenly change low performance, which can cause severe and unpredictable complications. If your fasting blood sugar is higher than after a meal, then you need to fight this. To do this, you need to initially identify the reasons for this process.

Clinical picture

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Causes

High glucose levels before meals can be caused by the following reasons:

Dawn syndrome is a surge of hormones that contribute to the breakdown of carbohydrates in the body and their absorption into the blood, resulting in high level glucose. This condition usually goes away on its own over time, but if you experience it on a strong scale, your doctor will prescribe you pharmaceuticals that will help fight this;
Hypoglycemia at night is a process in which glycogen levels are lower than normal. Nocturnal hypoglycemia can be caused by the patient taking too many medications to lower glucose levels. In this case, the body throws all its strength into the fight against hypoglycemia, so the indicators in the body go astray. Your body is simply trying to increase them, which is why they jump a lot;
Fasting sugar may be high because the patient is taking too few medications that normalize pancreatic function. In this case, you simply do not have enough substances that regulate all body processes;
High fasting blood sugar and hunger are related. If you go to bed hungry, the body releases hidden energy reserves, glycogen from which begins to break down. These reserves contain many carbohydrates, which are released, broken down and released into the blood;
If you go to bed with elevated readings, this state in the morning is quite understandable. The body simply does not have time to process carbohydrates that enter it with food. Keep track of your routine;
If you have a cold, the body will launch a defense mode, as a result of which a certain amount of glycogen will be released. Therefore, fasting glucose may be higher than after a meal.

These are all the reasons that explain that fasting blood sugar exceeds the level after eating. Now let’s determine what this phenomenon is, how to treat it and what to do, you encountered this unexpectedly.

How to deal with the phenomenon

So, we have determined why sugar is lower after a meal than before a meal. Now let's talk about how to bring your fasting sugar back to normal. Based on the reasons that explain the process, there are several ways to combat this:

Consult a doctor who will prescribe you medications that normalize hormonal levels;
If high fasting sugar is caused by improper distribution medicines, then the doctor will prescribe you a different method of taking them and determine how long you will have to adhere to the new method;
If you go to bed hungry, then stop doing it. On an empty stomach, your blood sugar will normalize if you drink a glass of kefir at night. But remember that this will be quite enough to maintain normal metabolism. You should also not overeat;
If you have a cold, your fasting glucose will normalize if you consult your doctor and start taking additional medications.

So, we figured out what this phenomenon is and how to deal with it. And remember, if your blood levels are higher before meals, you need to consult a doctor. The reason why sugar is lower after meals may be hidden in unexpected phenomena that the doctor will determine very quickly.

Remember that following a special diet, regular physical activity and following all the doctor’s recommendations is your way to ensure that such phenomena never happen to you.

be careful

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Knowledge of basic blood sugar norms is of great importance for the control and prevention of various pathological conditions, first of all, diabetes mellitus. High content glucose leads to an increasing incidence of blindness, renal failure, myocardial infarction, strokes, lower limb amputations and, as a result, deaths.

What does it mean and what does it affect?

Sugar (glucose) is an organic compound (monosaccharide), the main function of which is to provide all energy processes in the cells of the human body, including the brain. The compound is colorless and odorless, tastes sweet, and dissolves in water.

Included in most fruits, berries, and also found in complex carbohydrates(di- and polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch, glycogen, lactose, sucrose).

It enters the body with food or through medicinal intravenous infusions.

After absorption, the oxidation process begins in the intestine - glycolysis. In this case, glucose is broken down into pyruvate or lactate. As a result of subsequent biochemical reactions, pyruvate is converted into acetyl coenzyme A, an essential part of the Krebs respiratory cycle. Thanks to the above, cell respiration, the release of energy necessary for metabolic processes, the synthesis of important carbohydrates, amino acids, etc. are carried out.

Glucose levels are regulated in several ways. Its increase is observed after food intake and decreases upon activation energy metabolism (exercise stress, stressful situations, hyperthermia).

If a minimum amount of sugar enters the body, the processes of glucose formation in the liver from other organic matter(gluconeogenesis) and its release from stored glycogen in muscle tissue(glycogenolysis). And vice versa, when excessive consumption foods containing glucose, it is converted into glycogen.

All these processes are hormone-dependent and are controlled by insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, and glucocorticosteroids.

Routine glucose determination provides invaluable assistance in the diagnostic search. Blood sugar levels after meals are used as an additional criterion.

Normal blood levels in men, women and children

The concentration of glucose in the blood (glycemia) is one of the most important indicators of homeostasis. However, it is constantly changing and depends on many factors. Normally regulated glycemia is necessary for the functioning of most organs and systems; it is most important for the central nervous system.

According to the World Health Organization, the following fasting capillary blood sugar values are considered normal:

in newborns (from 1st to 28 days of life) - 2.8 - 4.4 mmol/l;
in children under 14 years of age - within the range of 3.3 - 5.5 mmol/l;
in children over 14 years of age and in adults - 3.5 - 5.6 mmol/l.

For a blood sample taken from a vein, the value upper limit will differ and is 6.1 mmol/l.

For women and men, sugar levels are not fundamentally different. The exception is pregnant women, for whom standard values range from 3.5-5.1 mmol/l.

Receipt normal result fasting glucose indicates maintenance of basal insulin levels and sufficient sensitivity of liver receptors to this hormone.

The blood sugar level after a meal is significantly different from that before a meal.

Sugar level immediately after eating

To determine blood sugar after a meal, a so-called glucose tolerance test is used. There are two types: oral and intravenous.

To obtain objective diagnostic test results, patients should adhere to several recommendations. These include maintaining a normal diet and physical activity, quitting smoking and drinking alcohol at least 3 days before the study, avoiding hypothermia, excessive physical work, and the period of overnight fasting should be at least 10-12 hours.

The person being examined is required to determine the fasting sugar value, then the patient drinks 250-350 ml of water with 75 g of glucose dissolved in it and is measured again after 0.5-1 hour. For completeness of the tolerance chart, another concentration measurement is recommended after 2 hours. The first sip is considered to be the beginning of the test, from which the test is counted.

The sugar level immediately after eating is 6.4-6.8 mmol/l, then it gradually decreases. After 2 hours, the glucose concentration should not exceed 6.1 mmol/l for capillary blood and 7.8 for venous blood. It should be noted that the most accurate result is obtained from serum testing venous blood, not capillary.

Test readings may be distorted in case of diseases of the liver or organs endocrine system, decreased potassium levels in the body, long-term use of antidepressants, systemic glucocorticosteroids, oral contraceptives, thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, niacin, a number of psychotropic drugs.

Normal glucose after a carbohydrate load means an adequate insulin response and sensitivity to it on the part of peripheral tissues.

Analysis after meals - an option for reliable control

Monitoring blood sugar after meals is necessary to identify hidden forms of diabetes, predisposition to it, the presence of impaired glycemia and glucose tolerance.

Usually it helps to clarify the diagnosis in case of questionable indicators of the standard analysis, and in the following group of patients:

with the presence of sugar in urine analysis normal value in blood;
with symptoms characteristic of hyperglycemia (increased urine volume, thirst, dry mouth);
with a family history, without signs of increased blood sugar;
children whose birth weight was more than 4 kg;
with damage to target organs (eyes, nervous system, kidneys) of unspecified origin;
during pregnancy with positive result urine testing for sugar;
in the midst of inflammatory and infectious diseases;
with concomitant thyrotoxicosis and liver dysfunction.

The normal level of sugar immediately after eating indicates an adequate level of metabolic reactions in the human body.

Methods for regulating blood glucose

Ways to manage blood glucose levels primarily include lifestyle modifications. The measures that are initially resorted to are a diet with low energy value, physical activity, refusal bad habits, body weight control, training and self-education.

A proper diet involves adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, sea fish, nuts, vegetable oil(olive, soy). Must be limited alcoholic drinks, trans fats, confectionery and flour products. An extremely low-carb diet is not recommended. It is possible to use the Mediterranean version with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids.

The daily diet includes 45-60% carbohydrates, 35% fats, 10-20% proteins. Polyunsaturated fatty acids should not exceed 10% of total energy intake per day.

The diet is enriched with vitamins and minerals, which have antioxidant properties and restore neuronal membranes.

In order to control blood sugar and ensure its stability, physical activity is adjusted. Training should be regular, then insulin production increases, plasma lipid levels stabilize, numbers blood pressure. It is believed that strength and aerobic exercise, or a combination of both, lasting more than 150 minutes per week is most suitable for these purposes.

A special place is occupied by smoking cessation. For this, all methods must be used: specialist consultation, psychological motivation, use medications(Bupropion, Varencillin).

If lifestyle changes do not lead to desired result, the patient requires consultation with an endocrinologist and the prescription of hypoglycemic agents from the group of biguanides (Metformin), sulfonylureas (Gliclazide, Glibenclamide), thiozolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose), insulins (human or analogues).

Blood sugar levels after meals and the main reasons for its increase

An increase in blood sugar levels is defined by the term hyperglycemia. It can be long-term (chronic) and short-term.

An acute spike in glucose may be the onset of a serious illness or may be the result of an eating disorder (uncontrolled consumption of large amounts of carbohydrates).

Risk factors are presented as follows:

senior and elderly age;
low physical activity;
dyslipidemia;
taking certain medications (β-blockers, L-asparaginase, fentamidine, protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids);
vitamin biotin deficiency;
presence of stress, including acute diseases(heart attacks, strokes, infectious diseases);
obesity ( high index body weight - more than 25 kg/m2, waist circumference for men is more than 102 cm, for women - more than 88 cm);
arterial hypertension stage 2-3;
metabolic syndrome;
history of gestational diabetes;
ischemic disease hearts;
presence of diabetes in close relatives.

In addition to the above, chemotherapy with Rituximab (MabThera) can also affect blood sugar levels after meals. There are several scales and questionnaires that allow you to calculate the 10-year risk of developing diabetes and take appropriate measures.

However, in most cases, diabetes mellitus remains the leading cause of prolonged high blood sugar.

It is divided into several types:

1st type;
gestational diabetes;
other specific types of diabetes (adult-onset diabetes in young people, secondary diabetes after pancreatitis, trauma and surgery on the pancreas, drug or chemically induced diabetes).

The diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed when the glucose value is more than 7.0 mmol/l in the plasma of venous or capillary blood, and above 6.1 mmol/l when taking whole blood. These figures are based on glycemia at which end-organ complications appear: retinopathy, micro- and macrovascular consequences, nephropathy. It should be noted that the study must be repeated, carried out in different time days and after meals.

If intermediate values are obtained, a diagnosis of impaired tolerance and impaired glycemia (prediabetes) may be made.

Sugar control

Monitoring changes in the concentration of sugar in the blood plasma is carried out in the laboratory and at home. Regular close monitoring leads to timely diagnosis and reducing the number of complications.

In clinical diagnostic practice, two methods are used to detect glycemia:

blood glucose level - measured on an empty stomach, provided that last appointment there was food 8 or more hours ago;
blood sugar level after meals or glucose tolerance test - three times determination 1 and 2 hours after a carbohydrate load.

The patient can independently measure blood glucose using a portable device - a glucometer, using disposable test strips.

A blood sugar test for asymptomatic individuals is taken every year at preventive examination, and when the slightest complaints or signs of hyperglycemia appear. For patients at risk and with diabetes, the number of measurements depends on the stage and severity of the underlying disease, and is determined by the doctor. As a rule, monitoring blood glucose requires daily determination of its concentration.