Antimicrobial drugs for external use. Antibiotic ointments: how to choose and when to use. Directions for use and doses

Antiseptics are available, perhaps, in any home or travel first aid kit. Why are such funds needed? And which ointments are most effective?

What are antiseptics, why are they needed?

Antiseptics are substances that inhibit reproduction and growth pathogenic microorganisms or destroy them. Why are such funds needed? Any tissue damage is always associated with the risk of infection, that is, bacteria or fungi. And to avoid inflammation associated with the activity of harmful and sometimes even dangerous microorganisms, antiseptics are used.

Is it worth purchasing antiseptics?

Antiseptics should occupy a special place in the first aid kit, since wounds, abrasions, cuts and burns are the most common injuries that lead to tissue damage and increase the risk of infection, which, in fact, can lead to serious illnesses and even sepsis (blood poisoning) .

If your child falls or gets hurt in nature, he will probably touch the wound, and with dirty hands. And to avoid the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms, you need to use any antiseptic. To protect their child, parents should always have such a remedy with them, because the sooner they start using it, the lower the risk of complications, that is, infection.

What products should I buy?

The most popular antiseptic ointments:

Be sure to purchase one of the products listed above so that you always have it in your first aid kit.

Antibacterial drugs are prescribed in case of intolerance to benzoyl peroxide, adapalene or azelaic acid or in case of their ineffectiveness. Combination therapy is also possible, including one of the three drugs of choice and anti
biotic externally. In most cases, antibiotics remain second-line drugs.
Topical use of antibiotics in the treatment of acne should be avoided the following reasons(Arabiiskaya E.A., Krasnoselskikh T.V., Sokolovsky E.V., 2002):

antibacterial drugs do not have a comedolytic effect;
the antimicrobial effectiveness of erythromycin, tetracycline and clindamycin does not exceed the effectiveness of benzoyl peroxide, and chloramphenicol and neomycin are inferior to it. In general, topical antibiotic therapy is less effective than adequate general therapy;
external use of antibiotics in the treatment of aspe vulgaris, which creates high concentrations of drugs at the site of application, can lead to the development of resistance to them normal microflora skin and, in particular, resistance to P. aspe. Resistance of microorganisms leads not only to treatment failure, but also to the transfer of resistance factors to other microorganisms, which causes the emergence of multi-resistant strains of skin flora.

Therefore, in cases where the above-mentioned antimicrobial agents (used for 4-6 weeks) did not help, it is recommended to add clindamycin, erythromycin, and fusidic acid to external therapy.
Clindamycin
This is an antibiotic for external use in patients suffering from moderate acne who have not been helped by other external agents. Clindamycin phosphate is available as a 1% liniment and lotion. Mechanism of action. The mechanism of action of clindamycin is to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial proteins, which leads to a decrease in the number of P. aspes and indirectly has an anti-inflammatory effect. The number of inflammatory papulopustular elements decreases significantly: by 50% in 2/3 of all patients.
Duration of treatment: no more than 2 months, if necessary, the course can be repeated after a break.

Combination therapy: Can be combined with topical benzoyl peroxide and adapalene, but other antibiotics should not be prescribed at the same time.
Side effects. The absorption of clindamycin when applied topically is very low, so it does not cause diarrhea and enterocolitis, which result from intestinal dysbiosis in most patients receiving this drug orally, systemic use of the drug is limited due to the occurrence of diarrhea and a rare but life-threatening complication - pseudomembranous colitis (Arabiiskaya E.A., Krasnoselskikh T.V., Sokolovsky E.V., 2002) .
The main problem with the external use of clindamycin is the increased risk of developing resistance to P. aspe, which in the near future may significantly affect the effectiveness of treatment. The combination with 5% benzoyl peroxide reduces the risk of developing flora resistance. External therapy with clindamycin does not cause the development of skin hypersensitivity.
Farm releases: Dalacin T 1% gel or lotion, Clenzit (adapalene 0.1% + clindamycin 0.01%).
Erythromycin
It is a macrolide antibiotic with bacteriostatic action. Penetrates the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 508 ribosomal subunit. Erythromycin is active only in dividing microbial cells. When using others medicines for external use, at least 1 hour must pass after using a drug containing erythromycin.
Side effects: possible development of cross-resistance to other macrolides, clindamycin.
Production farms: Erythromycin ointment, Isotrexin gel (erythromycin 2% + isotretinoin 0.05%)

Antiseptics (antiseptics)

Antiseptics (from the Greek “against rotting”) are antimicrobial agents that inhibit the development of microorganisms, and disinfectants are substances that kill microbes. Accordingly, a distinction is made between a bacteriostatic effect, when the development of microorganisms stops, and a bactericidal effect, when the microorganisms completely die.

It is easy to see that there is no fundamental difference between antiseptic and disinfectant substances, as well as bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, since any antimicrobial agent, depending on the conditions of its use, in some cases can cause a delay in the development of microorganisms, and in others - their death. Big number Various antiseptics can be systematized according to many criteria. Depending on the method of application, there are products for antiseptic effects on the skin and mucous membranes. gastrointestinal tract, respiratory, urinary tract etc.

By chemical structure antiseptics are divided into classes chemical compounds, to which they belong, which reflects the mechanism of their action. This is a group of halogens (antiformin, iodoform, iodinol), oxidizing agents (hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate), acids (salicylic, benzoic, boric), alkalis (ammonia), aldehydes (formalin, lysoform), alcohols (ethyl), salts of heavy metals (preparations of mercury, silver, copper, zinc, lead), phenols (carbolic acid, lysol, resorcinol), dyes (methylene blue, brilliant green), soaps (green), tars, resins, petroleum products (ASD, ichthyol, petroleum naftalan, ozokerite), phytoncides and other herbal antibacterial drugs (urzaline, calendula tincture, imanin).

Antiseptics. Halide group:

Chloramine B. White or slightly yellowish powder with a faint odor of chlorine. Soluble in water, alcohol, contains 25-29% active chlorine. Has an antiseptic effect. Used in treatment infected wounds(rinsing, wetting tampons and napkins with 1-2% solutions), hand disinfection (0.25-0.5%), and disinfection of non-metallic instruments. To disinfect care items and secretions for typhoid, paratyphoid, cholera and other intestinal infections and for droplet infections (scarlet fever, diphtheria, influenza, etc.), 1-2-3% solutions are used, for tuberculosis infections - 5%.

Pantocide, release form - tablets, each containing 3 mg of active chlorine. Used as an antiseptic for hand disinfection (1-1.5% solutions), douching and wound treatment (0.10.5%), for water disinfection (1-2 tablets per 0.5-0.75 l of water), which occurs within 15 minutes.

Iodine- obtained from seaweed ash and drilling oil waters.

There are 4 groups of iodine preparations:

inorganic iodides (potassium iodide, sodium iodide);

organic substances that eliminate elemental iodine (iodoform, iodinol);

Being absorbed, iodine as an antiseptic has an active effect on metabolism, especially on functions thyroid gland. Daily requirement body in iodine is 200-220 mcg. Iodine is released from the body mainly by the kidneys, partly by the gastrointestinal tract, sweat and mammary glands.

Internally, iodine preparations are used as an expectorant (increase the secretion of mucus by the glands respiratory tract), for atherosclerosis, tertiary, hypothyroidism, for the prevention and treatment of endemic goiter, for chronic poisoning mercury and lead. With long-term use of iodine preparations and hypersensitivity They may be accompanied by symptoms of iodism (runny nose, urticaria, drooling, lacrimation, rash).

Contraindications for taking iodine preparations internally are: pulmonary tuberculosis, nephritis, nephrosis, furunculosis, chronic pyoderma, hemorrhagic diathesis,.

Externally, iodine solutions are used as an antimicrobial antiseptic for wound treatment, preparation surgical field and so on.; Having an irritating effect, they can cause reflex changes in the body’s activity.

Alcohol iodine solution- 5% or 10%, used externally as an antiseptic, irritating and distracting agent for inflammatory and other diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. It is used as a distraction for myositis and neuralgia.

Lugol's solution. Iodine in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide - composition: 1 part iodine, 2 parts potassium iodide, 17 parts water. Lugol's solution with glycerin - composition: 1 part iodine, 2 parts potassium iodide, 94 parts glycerin, 3 parts water. Used to lubricate the mucous membranes of the pharynx and larynx as an antiseptic.

Iodoform. Used externally as an antiseptic in the form of powders and ointments for the treatment of infected wounds and ulcers.

Iodinol, is a product of the addition of iodine to polyvinyl alcohol, which slows down the release of iodine and prolongs its interaction with body tissues, while simultaneously reducing the irritating effect of iodine on them. Used for chronic tonsillitis, purulent otitis, chronic periodontitis, purulent surgical diseases, trophic and varicose ulcers, thermal and chemical burns.

For chronic tonsillitis, the lacunae of the tonsils are washed (4-5 washes at intervals of 2-3 days), for purulent otitis, instillation (5-8 drops) and washes are used. For trophic and varicose ulcers, apply gauze napkins (in 3 layers) moistened with iodine to the surface of the ulcer (pre-wash the skin with warm water and soap and lubricate the skin around the ulcer zinc ointment). Dressing is done 1-2 times a day, and the gauze lying on the surface of the ulcer is not removed, but only re-impregnated with iodinol. After 4-7 days, a local bath is prescribed, after which treatment is continued again. For purulent and infected burns, apply a loose gauze bandage soaked in the drug. For fresh thermal and chemical burns of the 1st-2nd degree, a gauze bandage soaked in iodinol is also applied, the inner layer is irrigated as needed. When using iodinol, phenomena of iodism may occur.

Iodonate, an aqueous solution of a surfactant complex with iodine (3%). Used as an antiseptic to disinfect the skin of the surgical field; the drug has high bactericidal activity

Antiseptics. Oxidizing agents:

Hydrogen peroxide(perhydrol) - two preparations are produced, representing a solution of hydrogen peroxide in water: a solution of hydrogen peroxide 3% and a solution of hydrogen peroxide 27.5-31% (concentrated). Both drugs are clear, colorless liquids with a faint, peculiar odor. On contact with organic substances and alkalis, hydrogen peroxide decomposes, releasing gaseous oxygen, which has antiseptic properties and promotes mechanical cleaning of tissues. Used as an antiseptic for rinsing and washing with sore throat, stomatitis, otitis, as well as when treating wounds in solutions at the rate of 1 teaspoon or 1 tablespoon of 3% solution per glass of water.

Hydroperite- antiseptic tablets containing a complex compound of hydrogen peroxide and urea. The hydrogen peroxide content is about 35%. Pills white, easily soluble in water, weight per unit is 1.5 g. Used as an antiseptic instead of hydrogen peroxide. To obtain a solution corresponding to approximately 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, dissolve 2 tablets in 100 ml of water. One tablet corresponds to 15 ml (1 tablespoon) of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. To gargle, dissolve one tablet in a glass of water.

Potassium permanganate(potassium permanganate, "potassium permanganate"), dark or red-violet crystals with a metallic luster, soluble in water. It is a strong oxidizing agent, which determines its antiseptic properties. Used in aqueous solutions for rinsing the mouth and throat (0.020.1%), for lubricating burn and ulcerative surfaces (2-5%), for washing wounds (0.1-0.5%), for douching for gynecological and urological diseases(0.02-0.1%), in the same concentration for gastric lavage in case of some poisonings as an antiseptic.

Antiseptics. Acids:

Salicylic acid, white small needle-shaped crystals, odorless. Slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in hot, easily in alcohol. Used externally as an antiseptic in powders (2-5%) and 1-10% ointments, pastes, alcohol solutions for lubricating the skin (salicylic alcohol), rubbing - into the area of inflamed joints, for wiping the skin - for itching, seborrhea. Available in finished form under the name "Callus liquid" and "Callus plaster" (salicylic acid 20 parts, rosin 27 parts, paraffin 26 parts, petrolatum 27 parts), Galmanin powder containing salicylic acid, zinc oxide (10 parts), talc and starch , Lassara pastes,

Camphotsina(salicylic acid, castor oil, turpentine, methyl ether, camphor, tincture capsicum) - for rubbing in for rheumatism, arthritis as an antiseptic.

Boric acid, shiny, slightly oily scales to the touch, soluble in cold water and alcohol. Used in the form of ointments and powders for antiseptic action for skin diseases (baby powder "Bolus"), a paste called "Bornozinko-naphthalan" is produced in finished form.

Vaseline boric- contains boric acid 5 parts, petroleum jelly 95 parts. Used externally as an antiseptic.

Boric alcohol, contains 0.5-5 g of boric acid, ethyl alcohol 70%. This antiseptic is used in the form ear drops 3-4 drops 2-3 times a day.

Pasta Teymurova- contains boric and salicylic acid, zinc oxide, formalin, lead acetate, talc, glycerin, peppermint oil. Used as a disinfectant, drying and deodorizing agent for sweating and diaper rash.

Antiseptics. Alkalis

Sodium borate(borax, sodium borate), colorless crystalline powder. Use externally as an antiseptic for douching, rinsing, and lubricating.

Bicarmint, tablets containing sodium borate 0.4 g, sodium bicarbonate 0.4 g, sodium chloride 0.2 g, menthol 0.004 g. Used externally as an antiseptic as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent for rinsing, washing, inhaling during inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory ways. Dissolve 1-2 tablets in 1/2 glass of water.

Ammonia(ammonia solution), 10% ammonia solution in water. Transparent, colorless liquid with a strong odor of ammonia. Used in surgery for hand washing and for inhalation during fainting states and intoxication with alcoholic beverages.

Antiseptics. Aldehydes

Formaldehyde

(formaldehyde), a clear, colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor. Used as an antiseptic, as a disinfectant and deodorizing agent for washing hands, washing skin when increased sweating(0.5-1%), for disinfection of instruments (0.5%), for douching (1:2000 - 1:3000). Part of the lysoform. Formidron is a liquid containing a solution of formaldehyde 10 parts, ethyl alcohol 95% 40 parts, water 50 parts, cologne 0.5 parts. Used to wipe the skin with excessive sweating.

Formaldehyde ointment, white in color with a faint odor of formaldehyde and fragrance. Used for excessive sweating, rubbed into armpits once a day, in the interdigital folds.

Lysoform, soap solution formaldehyde. Ingredients: formaldehyde 40 parts, potassium soap 40 parts, alcohol 20 parts. Has a disinfectant and deodorizing effect. Used as an antiseptic for douching in gynecological practice, for hand disinfection (1-3% solutions).

Urotropin(hexamethylenetetramine), colorless, odorless crystals, easily soluble in water. Aqueous solutions have an alkaline reaction. Mainly used for infectious processes urinary tract (cystitis, pyelitis). The action of the antiseptic is based on the ability of the drug to decompose in an acidic environment with the formation of formaldehyde. The drug is prescribed on an empty stomach. Indications for its use are cholecystitis, cholangitis, allergic diseases skin, eyes (keratitis, iridocyclitis, etc.). The drug may cause irritation of the renal parenchyma; if these signs occur, the drug should be discontinued.

Urosal, tablets containing 0.3 g of hexamethylenetetramine and phenyl salicylate.

Calcex- white tablets, salty-bitter taste, easily soluble in water. Contains 0.5 g of complex salt of hexamethylenetetramine and calcium chloride. Use 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day for colds as an antiseptic. Cyminal inhibits (locally) gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, promotes epithelization and wound healing. Used externally in the treatment of wounds, pyoderma, trophic ulcers, burns. Prescribed in the form of a powder (for powdering) or 1-3% suspension, which is applied to the damaged surface, dressing after 3-4 days. With prolonged use of the drug, dermatitis, burning sensation and itching may occur.

Ethanol(wine alcohol), according to pharmacological properties refer to narcotic substances. By acting on the cerebral cortex, it causes characteristic alcoholic arousal, associated with a weakening of inhibition processes. In medical practice, it is used primarily as an external antiseptic and irritant for wiping, compresses, etc. Intravenously is sometimes administered for gangrene and lung abscess in a sterile isotonic solution. Ethyl alcohol is widely used for the production of tinctures, extracts and dosage forms for external use.

Antiseptics. Heavy metal salts

Sublimate (mercury dichloride),

heavy white powder, is a very active antiseptic and is highly toxic. Great care must be taken when working with it. The drug and its solutions should not be allowed to get into the oral cavity, mucous membranes or skin. Solutions may be absorbed and cause poisoning. Mercury dichloride is used in solutions (1:1000 - 2:1000) to disinfect linen, clothing, for washing walls, patient care items, and for skin disinfection. Also used in the treatment of skin diseases.

White mercury ointment, used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory for skin diseases (pyoderma, etc.).

Calomel (mercury monochloride), used externally in the form of ointments for diseases of the cornea, blenorrhea as an antiseptic. Renders toxic effect on the body, therefore at present it has no value as a laxative, diuretic and choleretic, it is used only externally.

Diocide, is a good detergent and antibacterial agent. Has bactericidal activity against various bacteria and bacterial spores, as well as fungistatic activity against fungi and mold. Used as a sterilizing agent for washing the hands of surgeons before surgery, cold sterilization of equipment (artificial circulation), and surgical instruments. Silver nitrate (lapis) - in small concentrations has an astringent and anti-inflammatory effect, in more strong solutions- cauterizes tissue, bactericidal. Used externally for erosions, ulcers, excessive granulations, acute conjunctivitis. At chronic gastritis prescribed orally in the form of a solution or pills. To prevent blenorrhea in newborns, immediately after birth, a 2% solution of silver nitrate is instilled into the eyes.

Collargol, colloidal silver. Used for washing purulent wounds (0.2-1%), for washing Bladder for cystitis (1-2%), purulent conjunctivitis and blenorrhea for an antiseptic effect.

Copper sulfate (copper sulfate, copper sulfate), blue crystals, easily soluble in water. Used as an antiseptic for conjunctivitis, for rinsing with urethritis and vaginitis (0.25%). For skin burns with phosphorus, moisten the burned area generously with a 5% solution of copper sulfate. In case of poisoning with white phosphorus taken orally, 0.3-0.5 g of copper sulfate is prescribed in 1/2 cup of warm water and gastric lavage with a 0.1% solution.

Plain lead plaster, contains a mixture of lead oxide, pork fat and sunflower oil in equal quantities with the addition of water until a plastic mass is formed. Used for purulent-inflammatory processes of the skin, boils, carbuncles as an antiseptic.

Zinc oxide, used externally as an astringent and disinfectant for skin diseases as an antiseptic.

Zinc ointment, composition: zinc oxide 1 part, petroleum jelly 9 parts.

Pasta Lassara, contains: salicylic acid 2 parts, zinc oxide and starch 25 parts each, petroleum jelly 48 parts.

Galmanin, contains: salicylic acid 2 parts, zinc oxide 10 parts, talc and starch 44 parts each. Used for sweating feet as an antiseptic.

Neoanuzole, suppositories, composition: bismuth nitrate, iodine, tannin, zinc oxide, resorcinol, methylene blue, fat base. Used for fissures and hemorrhoids of the anus as an antiseptic.

Antiseptics. Phenols

Phenol, carbolic acid. It is obtained by distilling coal tar. Phenol is pure, the solution has a strong bactericidal effect. Used for disinfection of household and hospital items, instruments, linen, and secretions. To disinfect premises, use a soap-carbolic solution. In medical practice, phenol is used for some skin diseases (sycosis, etc.) and for inflammation of the middle ear ( ear drops). Phenol has an irritating and cauterizing effect on the skin and mucous membranes; it is easily absorbed through them and into large doses may be toxic (dizziness, weakness, breathing problems, collapse).

Lysol, are made from commercially pure cresol and green potassium soap. Used to disinfect skin as an antiseptic.

Resorcinol, used for skin diseases (eczema, seborrhea, itching, fungal diseases) externally in the form of solutions (water and alcohol) and ointments. Benzonaphthol, an antiseptic for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Adults are prescribed 0.3-0.5 g 3-4 times a day as an antiseptic. Children under 1 year - 0.05 g per dose, up to 2 years - 0.1 g, 3-4 years - 0.15 g, 5-6 years - 0.2 g, 7 years - 0.25 g, 8 -14 years - 0.3 g.

Antiseptics. Dyes

Methylene blue, soluble in water (1:30), difficult in alcohol, aqueous solution is blue. Used externally as an antiseptic for burns, pyoderma, folliculitis, etc. For cystitis and urethritis, wash with aqueous solutions (0.02%). Solutions of methylene blue are injected into a vein for poisoning with cyanide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide.

Diamond green, golden-green powder, difficult to dissolve in water and alcohol. Used externally as an antiseptic in the form of a 0.1-2% alcohol or aqueous solution for pyoderma, blepharitis to lubricate the edges of the eyelids.

Antiseptic liquid Novikov, composition: tannin 1 part, brilliant green 0.2 parts, alcohol 95% 0.2 parts, castor oil 0.5 parts, collodion 20 parts. A colloidal mass that dries quickly and forms an elastic film on the skin. Used as an antiseptic to treat minor skin lesions. Do not use the liquid in case of extensive bleeding or infected wounds.

Rivanol(ethacridine lactate), yellow crystalline powder, bitter taste, odorless. Slightly soluble in cold water and alcohol; aqueous solutions are unstable in light and become brown in color. Freshly prepared solutions should be used. Render antimicrobial effect, mainly for infections caused by cocci, especially streptococci. The drug is slightly toxic and does not cause tissue irritation. Used as an external preventive and therapeutic agent in surgery, gynecology, urology, ophthalmology, and otolaryngology. To treat fresh and infected wounds, use aqueous solutions of 0.05%, to wash the pleural and abdominal cavity for purulent pleurisy and peritonitis, as well as for purulent arthritis and cystitis - 0.5-0.1%. For boils, carbuncles, and abscesses, 0.1-0.2% solutions are prescribed in the form of lotions and tampons. To wash the uterus in postpartum period use 0.1% solution, for coccal conjunctivitis - 0.1% in the form eye drops. For inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx, nose - rinse with a 0.1% solution or lubricate with a 1% solution. In dermatology, ointments, powders, and pastes of various concentrations are used as an antiseptic.

Konkov ointment, composition: ethacridine 0.3 g, fish oil 33.5 g, bee honey 62 g, birch tar 3 g, distilled water 1.2 g.

Antiseptics. Tars, resins, petroleum products, herbal balms

Birch tar- a product of processing the outer part of birch bark. Thick oily liquid containing phenol, toluene, xylene, resins and other substances. Used externally in the treatment of skin diseases in the form of 10-30% ointments and liniments. Therapeutic effect as an antiseptic occurs not only as a result local action(improving blood supply to tissues, enhancing keratinization processes), but also in connection with reactions that occur when skin receptors are irritated. As an integral part it is included in the ointments of Wilkinson, Vishnevsky and others. With prolonged use of tar, skin irritation and exacerbation of the eczematous process may occur.

Balm Vishnevsky- composition: tar 3 parts, xeroform 3 parts, castor oil 94 parts. It is used in the treatment of wounds, ulcers, bedsores, etc. It has antiseptic properties, has a mild irritant effect, and promotes the regeneration process. Wilkinson's ointment - liquid tar 15 parts, calcium carbonate (precipitated chalk) 10 parts, purified sulfur 15 parts, naphthalene ointment 30 parts, green soap 30 parts, water 4 parts. Used externally as an antiseptic for scabies and fungal skin diseases.

Drug ASD, obtained from animal tissues. The action is similar to tar, but has a less harsh effect on the skin. Used as an antiseptic in the treatment of eczema, in the first hours it can cause itching and burning.

Forest liquid, a product of heat treatment (dry distillation) of certain wood species (hazel and alder). Used as an antiseptic for eczema, neurodermatitis and other skin diseases.

Ichthyol- ammonium salt of shale oil sulfonic acids. Almost black syrupy liquid, contains 10.5% bound sulfur. It has an anti-inflammatory effect, local anesthetic and some antiseptic. Used as an antiseptic for skin diseases, neuralgia, arthritis, etc. in the form of ointments or hydroalcoholic lotions. For diseases of the pelvic organs (prostatitis, metritis, etc.), ichthyol suppositories or tampons moistened with a 10% glycerin solution of ichthyol are prescribed.

Mothball ointment- a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and resins - naftalan oil (70 parts) and paraffin (18 parts) with petrolatum (12 parts). Naftalan oil and its preparations, when exposed to the skin and mucous membranes, have a softening, absorbable, disinfectant and some analgesic effect. Used externally as an antiseptic for various skin diseases, inflammation of joints and muscles (arthritis, myalgia, etc.), neuritis, neuralgia, radiculitis, burns, ulcers, bedsores. Prescribed alone or in combination with other drugs in the form of ointments, pastes, suppositories. Naphthalan emulsion is also used for douching, compresses, tampons, and baths.

Paraffin paraffin(ceresin) - a mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from the processing of petroleum and shale oil. White semi-translucent mass, slightly greasy to the touch. Melting point 50-57bC. Used as a base for ointments. Due to its high heat capacity and low thermal conductivity, paraffin is used for heat treatment for neuralgia, neuritis, etc. Ozokerite is used for the same purpose. Compresses soaked in molten paraffin or paraffin cakes are prescribed as an antiseptic.

Ozokerite- a waxy black mass, a fossil substance of petroleum origin. Contains ceresin, paraffin, mineral oils, resins and other substances. It is used as an antiseptic, as a remedy with high heat capacity and low thermal conductivity, for heat treatment for neuritis, neuralgia and other diseases. Prescribed in the form of compresses (gauze pads soaked in ozokerite, temperature 45-50°C, covered with waxed paper, oilcloth, cotton wool) and cakes (molten ozokerite poured into a cuvette and cooled to a temperature of 45-50°C). A compress or cake is applied for 40-60 minutes. The course of treatment consists of 15-20 procedures, which are carried out daily or every other day. The ozokerite is heated in a water bath. Sterilize by heating at 100°C for 30-40 minutes.

Shostakovsky Balm(vanillin), polyvinylbutyl alcohol, used for boils, carbuncles, trophic ulcers, purulent wounds, mastitis, burns, frostbite and inflammatory diseases. Promotes wound cleansing, tissue regeneration and epithelization. Prescribed as an antiseptic externally for wetting napkins and direct application to the wound surface and in the form of 20% solutions in oil, as well as ointments. Orally prescribed for peptic ulcer stomach, gastritis, colitis. It has an enveloping, anti-inflammatory, as well as bacteriostatic effect ( gelatin capsules). They are taken once a day 5-6 hours after meals (it is recommended to take them at 11-12 am after a light dinner at 6 pm). On the first day, take 3 capsules, then 5 capsules, the course of treatment is 16-18 days.

Zigerol, a clear oily liquid, is used as an antiseptic to treat ulcers, granulating wounds, burns, etc. Moisten a sterile bandage (gauze pad), which is applied to the wound surface and covered with compress paper. For large wound surfaces and copious discharge, compress paper is not applied. Dressing is done after 1-2 days, for burns after 4-5 days.

Automatic ointment- composition: machine or autol oil 85 parts, stearin 12 parts, zinc oxide 3 parts. Used as an antiseptic in the treatment of ulcers, wounds, burns and as a base for other ointments.

Sulsen, contains about 55% selenium and 45% sulfur. Used as an antiseptic in the treatment of seborrhea of the scalp. Sulsen soap contains 2.5% sulsen, the same amount of sulsen paste mixed with a special foaming base. Use sulsen soap or paste after regular hair washing. Then lather damp hair with sulsen soap and thoroughly rub it into the scalp. Use 2-3 g of soap for washing (one bar of soap for 8-10 procedures). The foam is left on the hair for 5-10 minutes, after which it is thoroughly washed off with warm water (not higher than 40°C) and the hair is wiped dry. A tube of sulsen paste is designed for 6-8 procedures, one teaspoon per dose. Sulsen preparations are used once a week (for oily seborrhea in the first 2 weeks, twice a week) for 1-1.5 months. In case of relapse, the course of treatment is repeated. Foam and rinsed water should not get into the eyes. After the procedure, you should wash your hands thoroughly with warm water. Sulsen soap should be stored in tight packaging, protected from light.

Antiseptics. Phytoncides and other herbal antibacterial drugs

Phytoncides are called bactericidal, fungicidal substances contained in plants. There are especially many of them in the juices and volatile fractions of onions, garlic, radishes, and horseradish. Preparations made from them can also act as an antiseptic on the body, enhance motor, secretory function gastrointestinal tract, stimulate cardiac activity.

Garlic tincture- used mainly to suppress the processes of putrefaction and fermentation in the intestines, with intestinal atony and colitis, prescribed as an antiseptic also for hypertension and atherosclerosis. Take 10-20 drops orally (for adults) 2-3 times a day before meals.

Allilsat- alcohol (40%) extract from garlic bulbs. Prescribed as an antiseptic for adults, 10-20 drops (in milk) 2-3 times a day. Garlic preparations are contraindicated for kidney diseases, as they can cause irritation of the renal parenchyma.

Allilchen- alcohol extract from onions. Used as an antiseptic orally, 15-20 drops 3 times a day for several days for intestinal atony and diarrhea.

Urzaline - essential oil, obtained from bear onion. Used as an antiseptic in the treatment of purulent wounds, ulcers, bedsores, etc. 0.3% Vaseline ointment is applied to gauze and applied to the damaged surface. The dressing is changed every 2-3 days.

Sodium usinate - sodium salt usnic acid isolated from lichens. It is an antibacterial substance. Prescribed as an antiseptic in the form of 1% aqueous-alcoholic or 0.5% oil solution(on castor oil), as well as in the form of a solution in glycerin, fir balsam. Lubricate generously with solutions gauze bandages, which are applied to the affected skin surface. When dusting wounds with powder, use 0.1-0.2 g per wound measuring about 16 sq. cm.

Imanin - antibacterial drug, obtained from St. John's wort. It also has the ability to dry the wound surface and stimulate tissue regeneration. Used as an antiseptic in the form of solutions, ointments, powders for the treatment of fresh and infected wounds, burns, ulcers, abscesses, cracked nipples, mastitis, boils, carbuncles. Also used for acute laryngitis, sinusitis, rhinitis. The affected areas are irrigated or washed with the solution, then a damp bandage is applied, soaked in the same solution, changing daily or every other day. 5-10% ointment is also used.

Tincture of calendula, alcohol tincture of flowers and flower baskets of marigolds. Used as an antiseptic for cuts, purulent wounds, burns, and for rinsing with sore throat (1 teaspoon per glass of water). It is also taken orally as a choleretic agent (10-20 drops per dose).

Tincture of Sophora japonica- used as an antiseptic for purulent inflammatory processes (wounds, burns, trophic ulcers) in the form of irrigation, rinsing, and for wet dressings.

: use knowledge for health

Taking systemic antibiotics is associated with numerous side effects and negative consequences for immunity and digestive organs. Therefore, in case of illness skin and mucous membranes provoked by pathogenic microbes, it is preferable to use antibacterial ointments. Such drugs act only at the site of application and are practically not absorbed into the blood and lymph.

Antibacterial ointments for the treatment of skin diseases

There are several types of dermatological pathologies for which local antibiotics are prescribed. For the treatment of ulcers, erosions, infected wounds, burns, dermatitis, abscesses, bedsores and other pustular or necrotic inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, the following healing antibacterial ointments are recommended:

Polymyxin M sulfate;
Levomekol;
Gentaxan;
terramycin ointment;
Oflocaine;
Fastin;
dioxidine ointment;
Streptonitol;
Levosin;
Povidone-Iodine;
erythromycin ointment;
Fusiderm;
Nitacid;
heliomycin ointment;
Hinifuril;
Metrocaine;
Klindovit;
Sangviritrin;
tetracycline ointment;
Dioxicol;
Mafenide acetate;
Sintomycin;
Iodometricylene;
Furagel;
Belogent;
lincomycin ointment;
Oxycort;
Betadine;
Fucidin G;
Akriderm-Ghent;
Methyldioxylin;
iodopirone ointment;
Triderm;
Pimafukort.

Advanced purulent inflammation of the skin increases the likelihood of abscess formation. In such cases, potent antibacterial ointments are needed for boils. You can use one of the above drugs, but they are usually effective only at stages 1 and 2 of the progression of purulent abscesses. Therefore, it is better to purchase Baneocin. This healing ointment is based on 2 antibiotics - banercin and bacitracin. They have various antimicrobial activities, due to which a powerful broad-spectrum antibacterial effect is achieved. In addition, banercin and bacitracin mutually enhance each other's actions.

Also effective against furunculosis ichthyol ointment, only its use requires a longer course of treatment.

Separately, it is worth considering medications intended for the treatment of acne and acne. Specialized antibacterial ointments for acne contain not only antibiotics, but also auxiliary components such as zinc oxide, azelaic or salicylic acid.

Good topical medications for acne and acne:

Klenzit S;
Isotrexin;
Baziron AS;
Zerkalin;
Klindovit;
Dalatsin;
streptocide liniment;
Metrogil.

Antibacterial eye ointments

Pathologies of the visual organs caused by microbial infection, especially conjunctivitis, require the use of the following local drugs in the form of ointments:

Teagel;
Tobrex;
tetracycline eye ointment;
Dexa-Gentamicin;
Hydrocortisone;
Ofloxacin;
erythromycin ophthalmic ointment.

The small list of such drugs is explained by the fact that it is much more convenient to administer antibiotic therapy in the form of solutions for instillation into the eyes.

Antibacterial nasal ointment

Infections of the respiratory tract and mucous membranes, as well as sinuses, are recommended to be treated with Bactroban ointment.

The main component of the drug in question is mupirocin. This substance exhibits high activity against a wide range of bacteria, including staphylococcal flora and its methylcillin-resistant strains.

For how long is antibacterial ointment applied, and what is the duration of the course of treatment?

The presented group of drugs is applied to damaged areas of the skin or mucous membranes in a thin layer (up to 1 g) up to 4 times a day; it is possible to use compresses or bandages. Eye ointments are placed behind the lower eyelid into the conjunctival sac.

The duration of medication use is determined by the doctor in accordance with the diagnosis and the degree of bacterial damage.

Antibacterial ointments are medications that effectively kill or stop pathogenic microflora further development. They have been used in medicine for many years. Such products are easy to purchase at any pharmacy, and often the attitude towards them is not as wary as for drugs in tablet form.

Description of means

The choice of ointment usually does not require a test to identify the infectious agent. Such ointments are developed on the basis of antibiotics with wide range impact.

In addition, they are characterized by a small list side effects, which in most situations are limited to individual intolerance in the form of allergic reactions. Next, we will consider the most popular antibacterial ointments with active molecules of bactericidal properties. It should be noted that almost all of the following products are affordable, and their price, as a rule, does not exceed one hundred rubles per tube.

Use of chloramphenicol ointment

The active component of this ointment is chloramphenicol, which kills staphylococcus, neisseria, streptococci, and in addition, enterobacteria along with shigella, klebsiella, rickettsia and certain groups of viruses. In medicine, it is used to treat bedsores and pathological damage to the upper layer of skin. It is also used for skin necrosis. In addition, the presented ointment is effective in ophthalmological and cosmetology practice.

Use of tetracycline ointment

The active substance of this antibacterial ointment is the well-known tetracycline. This ointment can produce a bacteriostatic effect on pathogenic strains. The drug is active against most representatives of pathogenic microflora, which manifest their activity against the background of decreased immunity. This ointment cannot be prescribed for the treatment of mycoses and diseases caused by category “A” streptococci. This antibacterial is widely popular eye ointment acquired as a result of proven effectiveness and safety in the treatment of various inflammatory processes organs of vision.

Application of "Levosin"

This antibacterial ointment is a combination product that has an antibacterial and analgesic effect. It is used in the presence of purulent lesions. This ointment is great for acne. It is acceptable to prescribe it to pregnant women, but under the supervision of a doctor. Against the background of three days of use of this medicinal ointment Patients' wounds are cleaned and swelling subsides.

Antibacterial ointments for the skin can be purchased at any pharmacy.

Using erythromycin ointment

What other antibacterial ointments for skin are known?

Application of "Zinerit"

What other preparations in ointment form are used today?

Among the currently frequently prescribed drugs are the following antibacterial ointments:

Application of terramycin ointment. This product contains oxytetracycline. This ointment is often used in the treatment of infected wounds.
Use of polymyxin ointment. This product suppresses the growth of pathogenic flora, while the ointment is non-toxic and can be safely used for external use. Basically, it is prescribed comprehensively, in combination with other
The use of Levomekol ointment is advisable if there is deep damage skin, including ulcers and burns. This drug acts comprehensively, also providing an immunostimulating effect. This antibacterial ointment for the intimate area can also be used.
Using Bactroban. This ointment is used in the treatment of diseases of the nasal passages. It is very effective in the fight against staphylococcus, and in addition, against the methicillin-resistant strain.
Use of "Gentaxan". This ointment is universal and is intended for healing all kinds of wounds, including purulent and traumatic injuries skin.
Application of Oflokain. This ointment contains an antibiotic broad action, it also contains an anesthetic. It is used mainly against the background purulent inflammation.
The use of "Baneocin". This remedy also includes an antibiotic and copes well with any inflammatory or purulent process skin. Due to its safety and lack of toxicity, this ointment is suitable for all patients, regardless of age. Antibacterial ointments for children can also be used.
Using "Fastin". This drug also contains antibiotics and is often prescribed for the treatment of purulent inflammation of the skin, and in addition, in the presence of a recent burn. This ointment also contains an antiseptic.

In addition to the ointments already listed, there are others on the pharmaceutical market antibacterial agents which are actively used by patients. Noted:

Antibacterial intimate ointments and gels include: “Protakt”, “Levomekol”, “Pantestin”, “Ligenten”, “Argosulfan”.

So, as you can see from the above list, there is a large number of products that help cope with certain skin diseases. Next, we will look at how these drugs act on the body.

The effect of these medications

A distinctive feature of drugs for external use is a lower degree of absorption compared to intravenous and intramuscular injections drugs. But despite local impact, a small amount of the active ingredient enters the bloodstream, spreading throughout the human body. This factor requires taking into account concomitant pathologies, be it a violation of the liver, kidneys, and so on.

Infections that threaten the patient's life require hospital treatment under the strict supervision of a physician. Long time the use of antibacterial ointments may cause side effects in the body. For example, digestion may be affected, and symptoms such as confusion, pain syndrome, development of dysbiosis, candidiasis and the like.

It is important to keep in mind that antibiotic ointments have a similar level of antimicrobial activity to tablets. In addition, if there is an individual intolerance to tablets allergic reactions will also appear due to external means. In addition, the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to all forms of medications is similar. This can be explained by identical active ingredient as part of all versions of a particular drug.

You should also strictly adhere to the total duration of the course prescribed by the doctor and not use antibacterial ointments only for symptomatic therapy. It is forbidden to interrupt the course on your own, and in addition, skip treatment for more than twelve hours. Such tactics can lead to the formation of bacterial resistance to the active components of the medicinal ointment, which can also provoke relapses of the disease. Increased resistance of pathogenic organisms to active substances ointments with an antibacterial effect is a global problem for humanity that requires careful attention.

For what diseases is it used?

Indications for therapy with such ointments are the presence of bacterial lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. They can also be appointed as prophylactic agents to prevent infection, for example immediately after surgery or when receiving serious wounds. So, antibacterial ointments are prescribed for the following diagnoses:

The development of purulent skin lesions, for example, against the background of abscesses caused by staphylococcus and other bacteria.
The appearance of acne, acne and other cosmetic problems.
Development of streptoderma - skin lesions, which is caused by streptococci.
Development of purulent conjunctivitis.
Presence of dental diseases.
Receiving burn wounds, and also severe thermal injuries skin.
The need to treat wounds immediately after an animal bite.
Presence of bedsores.

It's important to note that local therapy Antibiotics are effective only when the infection does not spread further. Otherwise, such treatment is useless, and antibacterial ointments can only be used as aid. It is also worth citing cases in which their action will not be enough: first of all, we are talking about sore throat, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, purulent lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. In addition, these remedies will be ineffective for scalded skin syndrome in infants, trophic ulcers caused by thrombophlebitis and other diseases.

How to properly use ointments with antibacterial action?

Treatment with ointments is often used in cosmetology to eliminate acne. But to determine the need for such treatment, select the right drug and setting the duration of the course is the task, first of all, of the cosmetologist. The fact is that such rashes do not always require radical therapy. Most often, antibacterial ointments are prescribed against the background of severe and protracted process. However, they are always used as complex treatment. Thus, when treating skin problems, it is extremely important A complex approach. In addition, it is worth considering that any bacteria can develop resistance, as a result of which antibacterial healing ointments may no longer help.

There are contraindications. You need to read the instructions or consult a specialist.